Automatic Street Lights Using Ldr (3)

AUTOMATIC
STREET
LIGHTS
USING LDR By GROUP 2-
Nikhita, sriman, shivang,
rishav.
CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Circuit diagram
• Hardware requirement
• Working
• Advantages
• Disadvantages
• Conclusion
• Acknowledgement
INTRODUCTION
• The Street lights are the major requirements in
today’s life for safety purposes and avoiding
accidents during night. Providing street
lighting is one of the most important and
expensive responsibilities of a city.
• Lighting can account for 10-38% of the total
energy bill in typical cities worldwide. Street
lighting is a particularly critical concern for
public authorities in developing countries
because of its strategic importance for Now,
• In our project we propose the concept about to
economic and social stability. The fixtures of
street lights indirectly have assisted the public
and government in reduction of crime rate and
accidents in the area.
• It also encourages social inclusion by providing
an environment in which people feel they can
walk in hours of darkness.
HARDWARE REQUIREMENT
• LM358(363) OP – Amp IC
• Small LDR
• 10 KΩ Resistor
• 10 KΩ Potentiometer
• White LED
• 220 Ω Resistor
• Connecting wires
• Power supply (9V Battery)
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
WORKING
• The principle of an LDR is photoconductivity.
Photoconductivity is the tendency of a substance
to conduct electricity to an extent that depends on
the intensity of light-radiant energy (usually
infrared transmission or visible light) striking the
surface of a sample.
• It has a high resistance because there are very
few electrons that are free and able to move - the
vast majority of the electrons are locked into the
crystal lattice and unable to move.
• As light falls on the semiconductor, the light photons are
absorbed by the semiconductor lattice and some of their
energy is transferred to the electrons.
• This gives some of them sufficient energy to break free
from the crystal lattice so that they can then conduct
electricity. This results in a lowering of the resistance of
the semiconductor and hence the overall LDR resistance.
• IC 393 has got comparator inbuilt, which compares
between the input voltage from pin2 and 1/3rd of the
power supply voltage. When input falls below 1/3rd then
output is set high otherwise it is set low.
ADVANTAGES
• The automatic street light system using LDR works according to the
intensity of light. The System is Highly Sensitive.
• It has more Efficiency for producing Lights than any other system.
• Initial cost is less as low man power is required.
• It works Automatically as ON and OFF State of the circuit
depending upon the conditions.
• We can Reduced energy consumption in this method as manually
operated street lights are not switched Off properly even the
sunlight comes and also not switched On when sunsets arrives.
• In sunny and rainy days the ON and OFF time differs and it is a
major problem for the manually operated street light systems so
here also automatic system works as a boon for us.
DISADVANTAGES
• It requires higher initial investment in comparison to
conventional street light.
• Light turns off on cloudy or rainy days .
• Risk of theft of the automatic street light is higher
since the components are too expensive.
• Rechargeable batteries of automatic street light
system are required to be replaced at regular
intervals.
CONCLUSION
• With the advancement in science & technology future
scope of automatic solar street lights is very bright.
• Demand for power affects human life in many ways.
It is not only important but essential to find ways to
conserve power in order to prevent exhausting
resources.
• Switching to a smart automatic street light system
will also reduce power wastage which conventional
street lights are known to do.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to express our special thanks
of gratitude to our teacher Dr. Tarun
Kumar Dubey as well as our principal who
gave us the golden opportunity to do this
wonderful project on the topic making
Automatic street lights using LDR which
also helped us in doing a lot of Research and
we came to know about so many new things,
we are really thankful to them.

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