張

See also: 张

張 U+5F35, 張 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5F35 ← 弴 [U+5F34] CJK Unified Ideographs 弶 → [U+5F36]

Translingual

Han character

張 (Kangxi radical 57, 弓+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 弓尸一女 (NSMV), four-corner 1123₂, composition ⿰弓長)

Derived characters

• 㙣, 㯑, 漲(涨), 瘬, 𢳫, 𧐊, 𨄰(𬦵), 𢊜, 𦸾, 𢐓, 𫣖, 𫫧

Related characters

• 张 (Simplified Chinese)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 359, character 19
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9812
• Dae Jaweon: page 675, character 33
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 997, character 5
• Unihan data for U+5F35

Chinese

trad.		張
simp.		张

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (長) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
張	*taŋ, *taŋs
餦	*taŋ
粻	*taŋ
漲	*taŋ, *taŋʔ, *taŋs
長	*taŋʔ, *daŋ, *daŋs
脹	*taŋs
痮	*taŋs
帳	*taŋs
賬	*taŋs
倀	*tʰaŋ, *rtaːŋs
鼚	*tʰaŋ
鋹	*tʰaŋʔ
悵	*tʰaŋs
韔	*tʰaŋs
萇	*daŋ
瓺	*daŋ, *daŋs
棖	*rdaːŋ
掁	*rdaːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taŋ, *taŋs) : semantic 弓 (“bow”) + phonetic 長 (OC *taŋʔ, *daŋ, *daŋs).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/m/b-raŋ (“strong; firm; tense”) or Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(d/t)aŋ (“tense; tight”), the latter which appears to be preferred based on more current research (Hill, 2019, p. 224); compare Tibetan ཐང་པོ (thang po, “tense; tight; firm”), Burmese တင်း (tang:, “to tighten; to be tight”).

Pronunciation 2 is the exopassive of pronunciation 1, literally “to be stretched” (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): zhāng (zhang¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄤ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zang¹

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zoeng¹

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): ziang¹

• Gan (Wiktionary): zong¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): chông

  (Hailu, HRS): zhong^ˋ

  (Meixian, Guangdong): zong¹

• Jin (Wiktionary): zon¹
• Northern Min (KCR): dióng
• Eastern Min (BUC): diŏng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): dieo¹ / diuⁿ¹ / diu¹ / dyong¹ / dyeng¹
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): tiuⁿ / tioⁿ / tiauⁿ / tiong / tiang

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ziang¹ / diên¹ / dion¹

  (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): jiang¹ / dio¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹tsan
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zhan¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhāng
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄤ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhang
    • Wade–Giles: chang¹
    • Yale: jāng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jang
    • Palladius: чжан (čžan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: zang¹
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zang
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zoeng¹
    • Yale: jēung
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzoeng¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: zêng¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: ziang¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siaŋ³³/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: zong¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɔŋ⁴²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chông
    • Hakka Romanization System: zong^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: zong¹
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡soŋ²⁴/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: zhong^ˋ
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃoŋ⁵³/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: zong¹
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: zon¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sɒ̃¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dióng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiɔŋ⁵⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: diŏng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tuoŋ⁵⁵/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: dieo¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tieu⁵³³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: diuⁿ¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tĩũ⁵³³/
  • (Putian, Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: diu¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiu⁵³³/
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: dyong¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tyɒŋ⁵³³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: dyeng¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tyøŋ⁵³³/

Note:

• dieo1/diuⁿ1 - vernacular (incl. surname);
• diu1 - vernacular (classifier);
• dyong1/dyeng1 - literary.

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Taichung, Hsinchu, Lukang, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiuⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: tiunn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dviw
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Lukang): /tiũ³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Yilan, Kinmen, Singapore): /tiũ⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Tainan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tioⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: tionn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dvioy
    • IPA (Zhangzhou, Tainan): /tiɔ̃⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Penang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiauⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: tiaunn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dviaw
    • IPA (Penang): /tiãu³³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiong
    • Tâi-lô: tiong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: diofng
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tiɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɔŋ³³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiang
    • Tâi-lô: tiang
    • Phofsit Daibuun: diafng
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiaŋ⁴⁴/

Note:

• tiuⁿ/tioⁿ/tiauⁿ - vernacular (“surname; to make arrangements for; classifier; to get angry; to pretend”);
• tiong/tiang - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: ziang¹ / diên¹ / dion¹
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiang / tieⁿ / tioⁿ
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siaŋ³³/, /tĩẽ³³/, /tĩõ³³/

Note:

• ziang1 - literary;
• diên1 (Chaozhou), dion1 (Shantou) - vernacular (incl. surname).

• (Leizhou)
  • Leizhou Pinyin: jiang¹ / dio¹
  • Sinological IPA: /t͡siaŋ³⁵/, /tiɔ³⁵/

Note:

• jiang1 - literary;
• dio1 - vernacular (“surname; classifier”).

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹tsan
    • MiniDict: tsan^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹tsan
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sã⁵³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: zhan¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /ʈ͡ʂan³³/
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /t͡san³³/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 張
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/ʈ͡ʂaŋ⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹/ /t͡sɑŋ²¹/
	Jinan	/ʈ͡ʂaŋ²¹³/
	Qingdao	/tʃaŋ²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/ʈ͡ʂaŋ²⁴/
	Xi'an	/ʈ͡ʂaŋ²¹/
	Xining	/ʈ͡ʂɔ̃⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/ʈ͡ʂɑ̃³¹/
	Ürümqi	/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/t͡saŋ⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/t͡saŋ⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/t͡saŋ⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/ʈ͡ʂã̠⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/ʈ͡ʂaŋ³¹/
	Hefei	/ʈ͡ʂɑ̃²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡sɒ̃¹¹/
	Pingyao	/ʈ͡ʂɑŋ¹³/ /t͡suə¹³/ ～村
	Hohhot	/t͡sɑ̃³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡sã⁵³/
	Suzhou	/t͡sã⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡sɑŋ³³/
	Wenzhou	/t͡ɕi³³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕia³¹/
	Tunxi	/t͡ɕiau¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ʈ͡ʂan³³/
	Xiangtan	/ʈ͡ʂɔn³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡sɔŋ⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡soŋ⁴⁴/
	Taoyuan	/tʃoŋ²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sœŋ⁵³/
	Nanning	/t͡sœŋ⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sœŋ⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/tiɔŋ⁵⁵/ /tiũ⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/tuoŋ⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/tiɔŋ⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/t͡siaŋ³³/ /tiõ³³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/t͡siaŋ²³/ /ʔdio²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: trjang

Rime
Character	張
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	知 (9)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	陟良切
Baxter	trjang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈɨɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈiɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶiɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈɨaŋ/
Li Rong	/ȶiaŋ/
Wang Li	/ȶĭaŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȶi̯aŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhāng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zoeng1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.traŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*taŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	張
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhāng
Middle Chinese	‹ trjang ›
Old Chinese	/*C.traŋ/
English	draw a bow
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	張
Reading #	1/2
No.	1259
Phonetic component	長
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	張
Old Chinese	/*taŋ/

Definitions

張

1. to string a bow; to pull a bowstring taut

   Antonym: 弛

   張弓／张弓  ―  zhāng gōng  ―  to draw a bow

2. to stretch; to open up; to spread

   張開／张开  ―  zhāngkāi  ―  to open up, to spread

   張口／张口  ―  zhāngkǒu  ―  to gape, to yawn

3. to expand; to spread

   擴張／扩张  ―  kuòzhāng  ―  to expand, expansion

   聲張／声张  ―  shēngzhāng  ―  to make public, to disclose

   誇張／夸张  ―  kuāzhāng  ―  to exaggerate

4. to set out; to display

   張貼／张贴  ―  zhāngtiē  ―  to put up (a notice, poster, etc.)

   • 當日殺牛宰馬，大張筵席。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
     当日杀牛宰马，大张筵席。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]

     From: Romance of the Three Kingdoms, circa 14^th century CE

     Dāngrì shā niú zǎi mǎ, dà zhāng yánxí. [Pinyin]

     That very day, oxen and horses were slaughtered and butchered, and a great feast was set out.

5. to look

   東張西望／东张西望  ―  dōngzhāngxīwàng  ―  to look around

6. (of a new business) to start; to open for business

   新張／新张  ―  xīnzhāng  ―  to begin doing business

7. Classifier for objects that can be expanded.

   一張嘴／一张嘴  ―  yī zhāng zuǐ  ―  one mouth

8. Classifier for objects with a flat surface: sheet

   一張地圖／一张地图  ―  yī zhāng dìtú  ―  a map

   一張桌子／一张桌子  ―  yī zhāng zhuōzi  ―  a table

   幾張凳／几张凳 [Cantonese]  ―  gei² zoeng¹ dang³ [Jyutping]  ―  several chairs

   兩張紙／两张纸 [Cantonese]  ―  loeng⁵ zoeng¹ zi² [Jyutping]  ―  two sheets of paper

   高雄一張／高雄一张 [Hokkien]  ―  Ko-hiông chi̍t tiuⁿ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  one ticket to Kaohsiung

9. Classifier for votes.
10. (Cantonese, Hakka, Zhongshan Min) Classifier for knives.
11. (Cantonese) Classifier for age of a person, approximating in multiples of tens. (only for thirty years old or above)

    三張嘢／三张嘢 [Cantonese]  ―  saam¹ zoeng¹ je⁵ [Jyutping]  ―  thirty-odd years old

    三張幾／三张几 [Cantonese]  ―  saam¹ zoeng¹ gei² [Jyutping]  ―  thirty-something years old

12. (Chinese astronomy) Extended Net (one of Twenty-Eight Mansions)
13. a surname. Zhang, listed #24 of the Baijiaxing

    張飛／张飞  ―  Zhāng Fēi  ―  Zhang Fei (Chinese military general serving under the warlord Liu Bei in the late Eastern Han dynasty)

    張藝謀／张艺谋  ―  Zhāng Yìmóu  ―  Zhang Yimou (Chinese film director)

14. (Hokkien) to make arrangements for; to set up
15. (Hokkien) to get angry; to lose one's temper
16. (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to pretend; to make believe; to feign

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 張 (“(classifier for mouths)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		張
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	張
Cantonese	Guangzhou	把
	Hong Kong	個, 把
Hakka	Meixian	張
Eastern Min	Fuqing	隻
Southern Min	Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang)	支
	Tainan	支
	Tainan (Anping)	支
	Shantou	個
	Jieyang	支

Dialectal synonyms of 張 (“(classifier for sheets of paper)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		張
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	張
	Taiwan	張
	Chengde	張
	Chifeng	張
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	張
	Heihe	張
	Qiqihar	張
	Harbin	張
	Jiamusi	張
	Baicheng	張
	Changchun	張
	Tonghua	張
	Shenyang	張
	Jinzhou	張
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	張
	Tangshan	張
	Cangzhou	張
	Baoding	張
	Shijiazhuang	張
	Lijin	張
	Jinan	張
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Dalian	張
	Dandong	張
	Yantai	張
	Qingdao	張
	Zhucheng	張
Central Plains Mandarin	Lingbao	張
	Jining	張
	Linfen	張
	Shangqiu	張
	Yuanyang	張
	Zhengzhou	張
	Xinyang	張
	Baihe	張
	Xi'an	張
	Baoji	張
	Tianshui	張
	Xining	張
	Xuzhou	張
	Fuyang	張
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	張
	Lanzhou	張
	Dunhuang	張
	Hami	張
	Ürümqi	張
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	張
	Nanchong	張
	Dazhou	張
	Hanyuan	張
	Xichang	張
	Zigong	張
	Chongqing	張
	Wuhan	張
	Yichang	張
	Xiangyang	張
	Tianmen	張
	Guiyang	張
	Zunyi	張
	Bijie	張
	Liping	張
	Zhaotong	張
	Dali	張
	Kunming	張
	Mengzi	張
	Guilin	張
	Liuzhou	張
	Jishou	張
	Changde	張
	Hanzhong	張
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	張
	Yangzhou	張
	Lianyungang	張
	Lianshui	張
	Nantong	張
	Anqing	張
	Wuhu	張
	Hefei	張
	Hong'an	張
Cantonese	Guangzhou	張
	Hong Kong	張
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	張
	Macau	張
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	張
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	張
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	張
	Foshan	張
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	塊
	Foshan (Shunde)	張
	Foshan (Sanshui)	張
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	張
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	張
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	張
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	張
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	張
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	張
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	張
	Taishan	張
	Kaiping (Chikan)	張
	Enping (Niujiang)	張
	Heshan (Yayao)	張
	Dongguan	張
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	張
Hakka	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	張
	Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua)	張
	Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua)	張
	Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua)	張
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	塊
	Longmen (Pingling Bendihua)	張
	Longmen (Luxi Bendihua)	張
	Boluo (Bendihua)	張
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	張
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	張
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	張
	Zijin (Guzhu Bendihua)	張
	Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua)	張
	Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua)	張
	Heping (Linzhai Bendihua)	張
	Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua)	張
	Lianping (Longjie Bendihua)	張
	Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua)	張
	Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua)	張
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	張
Huizhou	Shexian	張
Jin	Taiyuan	張
	Yangyuan	張
	Datong	張
	Xinzhou	張
	Lüliang (Lishi)	張
	Changzhi	張
	Linhe	張
	Jining	張
	Hohhot	張
	Erenhot	張
	Pingshan	張
	Zhangjiakou	張
	Handan	張
	Linzhou	張
	Suide	張
Eastern Min	Fuqing	張
Southern Min	Xiamen	張
	Quanzhou	張
	Yongchun	張
	Zhangzhou	張
	Manila (Hokkien)	張
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	張
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	張
Xiang	Changsha	張

Dialectal synonyms of 張 (“(classifier for photos)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		張
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	張
Cantonese	Hong Kong	張
	Taishan	紙
Southern Min	Manila (Hokkien)	張

Dialectal synonyms of 封 (“(classifier for letters)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		封
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	封
	Taiwan	封
	Chengde	封
	Chifeng	封
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	封
	Heihe	封
	Qiqihar	封
	Harbin	封
	Jiamusi	封
	Baicheng	封
	Changchun	封
	Tonghua	封
	Shenyang	封
	Jinzhou	封
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	封
	Tangshan	封
	Cangzhou	封
	Baoding	封
	Shijiazhuang	封
	Lijin	封
	Jinan	封
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Dalian	封
	Dandong	封
	Yantai	封
	Qingdao	封
	Zhucheng	封
Central Plains Mandarin	Lingbao	封
	Jining	封
	Linfen	封
	Shangqiu	封
	Yuanyang	封
	Zhengzhou	封
	Xinyang	封
	Ankang	封
	Xi'an	封
	Baoji	封
	Tianshui	封
	Xining	封
	Xuzhou	封
	Fuyang	封
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	封
	Lanzhou	封
	Dunhuang	封
	Hami	封
	Ürümqi	封
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	封
	Nanchong	封
	Dazhou	封
	Hanyuan	封
	Xichang	封
	Zigong	封
	Chongqing	封
	Wuhan	封
	Yichang	封
	Xiangyang	封
	Tianmen	封
	Guiyang	封
	Zunyi	封
	Bijie	封
	Liping	封
	Zhaotong	封
	Dali	封
	Kunming	封
	Mengzi	封
	Guilin	封
	Liuzhou	封
	Jishou	封
	Changde	封
	Hanzhong	封
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	封
	Yangzhou	封
	Lianyungang	封
	Lianshui	封
	Nantong	封
	Anqing	封
	Wuhu	封
	Hefei	封
	Hong'an	封
Cantonese	Guangzhou	封
	Hong Kong	封
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	封
	Macau	封
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	封
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	封
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	封
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	封
	Foshan	封
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	封
	Foshan (Shunde)	封
	Foshan (Sanshui)	封
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	封
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	封
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	封
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	封
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	封
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	封
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	封
	Taishan	封
	Kaiping (Chikan)	張
	Enping (Niujiang)	封
	Heshan (Yayao)	封
	Dongguan	封
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	封
Hakka	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	封
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	封
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	封
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	封
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	封
Huizhou	Shexian	封
Jin	Taiyuan	封
	Yangyuan	封
	Datong	封
	Xinzhou	封
	Lüliang (Lishi)	封
	Changzhi	封
	Linhe	封
	Jining	封
	Hohhot	封
	Erenhot	封
	Pingshan	封
	Zhangjiakou	封
	Handan	封
	Linzhou	封
	Suide	封
Eastern Min	Fuqing	張
Southern Min	Xiamen	封
	Jinjiang	張
	Yongchun	張
	Tainan	張
	Manila (Hokkien)	張
	Datian	封
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	封

Dialectal synonyms of 把 (“(classifier for chairs)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		把, 張, 個
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	把
	Taiwan	張
	Chengde	把
	Chifeng	把
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	把
	Heihe	把
	Qiqihar	把
	Harbin	把
	Jiamusi	把
	Baicheng	把
	Changchun	把
	Tonghua	把
	Shenyang	把
	Jinzhou	把
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	把
	Tangshan	把
	Cangzhou	把
	Baoding	把
	Shijiazhuang	把
	Lijin	把
	Jinan	把
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Dalian	把
	Dandong	把
	Yantai	把
	Yantai (Muping)	把
	Qingdao	把
	Zhucheng	把
Central Plains Mandarin	Lingbao	把
	Jining	把
	Wanrong	把
	Linfen	把
	Shangqiu	把
	Yuanyang	把
	Zhengzhou	把
	Xinyang	把
	Baihe	把
	Xi'an	把
	Baoji	把
	Tianshui	把
	Xining	把
	Xuzhou	把
	Fuyang	把
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	把
	Lanzhou	把
	Dunhuang	把, 個
	Hami	把
	Ürümqi	把
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	把
	Nanchong	把
	Dazhou	把
	Hanyuan	把
	Xichang	把
	Zigong	把
	Chongqing	把
	Wuhan	把
	Yichang	把
	Xiangyang	把
	Tianmen	把
	Guiyang	把
	Zunyi	把, 根
	Bijie	把, 個
	Liping	把
	Zhaotong	把
	Dali	把
	Kunming	把
	Mengzi	把
	Guilin	把
	Liuzhou	把
	Jishou	把
	Changde	把
	Hanzhong	把
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	把
	Yangzhou	把
	Lianyungang	把
	Lianshui	把
	Nantong	把
	Anqing	把
	Wuhu	把
	Hefei	把
	Hong'an	把
Cantonese	Guangzhou	張
	Hong Kong	張
	Taishan	張
	Dongguan	張
Gan	Nanchang	把
	Lichuan	把
	Pingxiang	張
Hakka	Meixian	張
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	張
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	張
	Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian)	張
	Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian)	張
Huizhou	Jixi	隻
	Shexian	把
Jin	Taiyuan	把
	Yangyuan	把
	Datong	把
	Xinzhou	把
	Lüliang (Lishi)	把
	Changzhi	把
	Linhe	把
	Jining	把
	Hohhot	把
	Erenhot	把
	Pingshan	把
	Zhangjiakou	把
	Handan	把
	Linzhou	把
	Suide	把
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	張
	Fuqing	張
Southern Min	Xiamen	塊
	Quanzhou	塊
	Yongchun	塊
	Zhangzhou	塊
	New Taipei (Tamsui)	隻, 塊
	New Taipei (Pingxi)	隻
	Kaohsiung	塊
	Yilan (Toucheng)	隻
	Tainan (Anping)	架
	Penghu (Xiyu)	塊
	Manila (Hokkien)	塊
	Datian	塊
	Shantou	張
	Jieyang	隻, 張
	Haikou	張
Wu	Shanghai	把
	Shanghai (Chongming)	把
	Ningbo	把
	Jinhua	把
Xiang	Changsha	把, 張

Dialectal synonyms of 張 (“(classifier for tables)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		張
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	張
	Taiwan	張
	Chengde	張
	Chifeng	張
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	張
	Heihe	張
	Qiqihar	張
	Harbin	張
	Jiamusi	張
	Baicheng	張
	Changchun	張
	Tonghua	張
	Shenyang	張
	Jinzhou	張
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	張
	Tangshan	張
	Cangzhou	張
	Baoding	張
	Shijiazhuang	張
	Lijin	張
	Jinan	張
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Dalian	張
	Dandong	張
	Yantai	張
	Qingdao	張
	Zhucheng	張
Central Plains Mandarin	Lingbao	張
	Jining	張
	Linfen	張
	Shangqiu	張
	Yuanyang	張
	Zhengzhou	張
	Xinyang	張
	Baihe	張
	Xi'an	張
	Baoji	張
	Tianshui	張
	Xining	張
	Xuzhou	張
	Fuyang	張
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	張
	Lanzhou	張
	Dunhuang	張
	Hami	張
	Ürümqi	張
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	張
	Nanchong	張
	Dazhou	張
	Hanyuan	張
	Xichang	張
	Zigong	張
	Chongqing	張
	Wuhan	張
	Yichang	張
	Xiangyang	張
	Tianmen	張
	Guiyang	張
	Zunyi	張
	Bijie	張
	Liping	張
	Zhaotong	張
	Dali	張
	Kunming	張
	Mengzi	張
	Guilin	張
	Liuzhou	張
	Jishou	張
	Changde	張
	Hanzhong	張
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	張
	Yangzhou	張
	Lianyungang	張
	Lianshui	張
	Nantong	張
	Anqing	張
	Wuhu	張
	Hefei	張
	Hong'an	張
Cantonese	Guangzhou	張
	Hong Kong	張
	Taishan	張
Hakka	Meixian	張
Huizhou	Shexian	張
Jin	Taiyuan	張
	Yangyuan	張
	Datong	張
	Xinzhou	張
	Lüliang (Lishi)	張
	Changzhi	張
	Linhe	張
	Jining	張
	Hohhot	張
	Erenhot	張
	Pingshan	張
	Zhangjiakou	張
	Handan	張
	Linzhou	張
	Suide	張
Eastern Min	Fuqing	張
Southern Min	Xiamen	塊
	Quanzhou	塊
	Jinjiang	塊
	Yongchun	塊
	Zhangzhou	塊
	New Taipei (Tamsui)	塊, 隻
	New Taipei (Pingxi)	塊
	Kaohsiung (Cijin)	塊
	Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang)	塊
	Yilan (Toucheng)	塊
	Tainan	塊
	Tainan (Anping)	架
	Penghu (Xiyu)	塊
	Manila (Hokkien)	塊
	Datian	塊
	Shantou	隻
	Jieyang	張, 隻

Dialectal synonyms of 張 (“(classifier for beds)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		張
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	張
Southwestern Mandarin	Guilin	張
Cantonese	Hong Kong	張
Hakka	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	張
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	張
	Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian)	張
	Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian)	張
	Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian)	張
Southern Min	Xiamen	張
	Quanzhou	張
	Zhangzhou	張
	New Taipei (Tamsui)	頂, 張
	New Taipei (Pingxi)	張
	Kaohsiung	頂
	Kaohsiung (Cijin)	頂, 張
	Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang)	張
	Yilan (Toucheng)	頂
	Tainan	張
	Tainan (Anping)	張, 頂
	Penghu (Xiyu)	頂
	Manila (Hokkien)	張
	Jieyang	張

Dialectal synonyms of 條 (“(classifier for quilts)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		條, 床
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	條, 床
	Taiwan	條
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	床
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	條, 床
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	床
	Wuhan	床
	Guilin	床
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	床
	Hefei	床
Cantonese	Guangzhou	張, 床
	Hong Kong	張, 床
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	張
	Macau	張
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	張
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	張
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	張
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	張
	Foshan	張
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	張
	Foshan (Shunde)	張
	Foshan (Sanshui)	張
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	張
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	張
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	張
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	張
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	張
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	張
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	張
	Taishan	張
	Kaiping (Chikan)	張
	Enping (Niujiang)	張
	Heshan (Yayao)	張
	Dongguan	張
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	番
	Yangjiang	番
	Nanning	番
Gan	Nanchang	床
Hakka	Meixian	番
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	番
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	番
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	張
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	張
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	床
Jin	Taiyuan	張, 條, 根
Northern Min	Jian'ou	床
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	床
Southern Min	Xiamen	領, 床
	Quanzhou	領, 床
	Jinjiang	領
	Zhangzhou	領, 床
	Singapore (Hokkien)	領
	Manila (Hokkien)	領
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	領
	Chaozhou	領
	Shantou	領
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	張
Wu	Suzhou	條
	Wenzhou	條, 床
Xiang	Changsha	鋪, 床
	Shuangfeng	床

Dialectal synonyms of 輛 (“(classifier for vehicles)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		輛, 部
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	輛, 掛 >
	Taiwan	輛, 臺
	Malaysia	輛
	Singapore	輛
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	輛, 掛 >
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	輛, 部
	Xi'an	輛, 掛 >
	Xining	輛
	Xuzhou	輛, 部
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	輛
	Ürümqi	輛, 部
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	架, 掛, 輛
	Wuhan	乘, 部
	Guiyang	部
	Liuzhou	部
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	部, 輛, 掛 dated
	Yangzhou	掛, 輛
	Hefei	掛, 架
Cantonese	Guangzhou	架, 部
	Hong Kong	架, 部
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	架
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	架
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	架
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	架
	Macau	架
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	架
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	架
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	架
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	架
	Foshan	架
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	架
	Foshan (Shunde)	架
	Foshan (Sanshui)	架
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	架
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	架
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	架
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	部
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	架
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	架
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	架
	Taishan	架
	Kaiping (Chikan)	架
	Enping (Niujiang)	架
	Heshan (Yayao)	架
	Dongguan	架
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	架
	Yangjiang	架
	Nanning	架
	Danzhou	架
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	堂
Gan	Nanchang	隻, 部
	Pingxiang	部
Hakka	Meixian	輛, 架
	Xingning	架
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	輛
	Huiyang	架
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	架
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	架
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	架
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	輛
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	架
	Wengyuan	輛
	Liannan	架, 部
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	架
	Jiexi	輛
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	輛
	Changting	架
	Wuping (Yanqian)	輛
	Ninghua	輛
	Ningdu	部
	Tonggu (Sandu)	部
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	頂
	Dayu	部, 輛
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	臺
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	臺
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	臺, 輛
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	臺
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	臺, 輛
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	輛
	Hong Kong	架
	Yangxi (Tangkou)	部
	Yangchun (Sanjia)	部
	Xinyi (Sihe)	部
	Xinyi (Qianpai)	部
	Gaozhou (Xindong)	架
	Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai)	架
	Huazhou (Xin'an)	部
	Lianjiang (Shijiao)	部
	Mengshan (Xihe)	部, 個
	Luchuan	架
	Senai (Huiyang)	床
	Singkawang	輛, 臺, 堂
Huizhou	Jixi	部
Jin	Taiyuan	輛, 掛 >, 部
	Xinzhou	輛
Northern Min	Jian'ou	架
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	架, 部
	Fuzhou (Changle)	架
	Fuqing	架, 門
	Yongtai	架
	Gutian	架
	Fu'an	架
	Ningde	架
	Shouning	部
	Zhouning	篷
	Fuding	架
Southern Min	Xiamen	頂, 部, 把, 隻
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	頂
	Quanzhou	頂, 把, 隻
	Jinjiang	把, 頂
	Yongchun	頂
	Zhangzhou	頂, 隻
	Zhangpu	頂
	Tainan	臺
	Penang (Hokkien)	頂
	Singapore (Hokkien)	頂
	Manila (Hokkien)	頂
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	架
	Chaozhou	張, 隻
	Raoping	張
	Shantou	隻
	Shantou (Chenghai)	隻
	Haifeng	輛, 部
	Bangkok (Teochew)	隻
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	隻
	Singapore (Teochew)	頂, 張
	Leizhou	架
	Wenchang	架
	Haikou	架, 場
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	架, 部
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	架
Wu	Shanghai	部
	Shanghai (Chongming)	部
	Suzhou	部
	Danyang	部
	Hangzhou	部, 輛
	Ningbo	部
	Wenzhou	部, 把 †
	Jinhua	部
Xiang	Changsha	部, 張 †, 把 †
	Loudi	部
	Shuangfeng	間, 部
Note	> - large vehicles; † - large handcarts

Dialectal synonyms of 架 (“(classifier for ladders)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		架
Cantonese	Guangzhou	堂
	Hong Kong	堂, 條
Southern Min	Jieyang	張

Dialectal synonyms of 把 (“(classifier for knives)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		把
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	把
	Taiwan	把
	Malaysia	把
	Singapore	把
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	把
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	把
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	把
	Wanrong	把
	Xi'an	把
	Xining	把
	Xuzhou	把
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	把
	Lanzhou	把
	Ürümqi	把
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	把
	Wuhan	把
	Guilin	把
	Liuzhou	把
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	把
	Yangzhou	把
	Hefei	把
Cantonese	Guangzhou	把, 張
	Hong Kong	把, 張
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	柄, 把
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	張
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	把
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	把
	Macau	張
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	張
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	張
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	張
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	張
	Foshan	張
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	張
	Foshan (Shunde)	張
	Foshan (Sanshui)	張
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	張
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	張
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	張
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	張
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	張
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	張
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	張
	Taishan	張
	Kaiping (Chikan)	張
	Enping (Niujiang)	張
	Heshan (Yayao)	張
	Dongguan	張
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	張
	Qingyuan	張
	Fogang	張
	Yingde (Hanguang)	張
	Yangshan	張
	Lianshan (Butian)	把
	Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui)	張
	Shaoguan	張
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	張, 把
	Renhua	張
	Lechang	把
	Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)	張
	Sihui	張
	Guangning	張
	Deqing	張
	Huaiji	支, 把
	Fengkai (Nanfeng)	張
	Yunfu	張
	Xinxing	張
	Luoding	把
	Yunan (Pingtai)	張
	Yangjiang	張
	Xinyi	張
	Lianjiang	把
	Nanning	把
	Guiping	把
	Mengshan (Xihe)	把
	Guigang (Nanjiang)	張
	Beiliu (Tangliao)	把
	Baise	把
	Bobai	張
	Lingshan	把
	Pubei	把
	Qinzhou	把
	Beihai	把
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	把
	Ningming	把
Hengzhou	把
Hezhou (Pumen, Babu)	張
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	把
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	把
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	把
Móng Cái	把
Gan	Nanchang	把
	Lichuan	把
	Pingxiang	把
Hakka	Meixian	張
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	把
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	張
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	張
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	張
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	把
	Yudu	把
	Hong Kong	張
	Beiliu (Tang'an)	張
	Mashan (Pianlian)	把
	Senai (Huiyang)	把
Huizhou	Jixi	把
Jin	Taiyuan	把
	Xinzhou	把
Northern Min	Jian'ou	把
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	把
Southern Min	Xiamen	叢, 支
	Quanzhou	叢, 支
	Jinjiang	支
	Yongchun	支
	Zhangzhou	叢
	Manila (Hokkien)	支
	Zhangping (Yongfu)	支
	Datian	支
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	把
	Chaozhou	支
	Shantou	支
	Bangkok (Teochew)	支
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	支
	Leizhou	把
	Haikou	把
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	張, 把
	Zhongshan (Sanxiang)	張
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	把
Wu	Shanghai	把
	Shanghai (Chongming)	把
	Suzhou	把
	Danyang	把
	Hangzhou	把
	Ningbo	把
	Wenzhou	把
	Jinhua	把
Xiang	Changsha	把
	Loudi	把
	Shuangfeng	把
	Quanzhou	把

• (to get angry):

edit

• 上火 (shànghuǒ) (dialectal Mandarin)
• 使性地 (sái-sìng-tē) (Hokkien)
• 使性子 (shǐ xìngzi)
• 使氣／使气 (shǐqì)
• 使癖 (Hokkien)
• 使頸／使颈 (sai² geng²) (Cantonese)
• 冒煙／冒烟 (màoyān) (colloquial)
• 動怒／动怒 (dòngnù)
• 受氣／受气 (siū-khì) (Hokkien)
• 嗔怒 (chēnnù)
• 大怒 (dànù)
• 奭 (shì) (literary, or in compounds)
• 威怒 (wēinù) (literary)
• 尥蹶子 (liàojuězi)
• 𡳞火 (Hokkien, vulgar)
• 弄性子 (nòng xìngzi) (colloquial)
• 忿懥 (fènzhì) (literary)
• 怒 (nù) (literary, or in compounds)
• 急 (jí)
• 急眼 (jíyǎn) (colloquial)
• 惱怒／恼怒 (nǎonù)
• 惹氣／惹气 (rěqì)
• 惱火／恼火 (nǎohuǒ)
• 戳火 (cuah⁴ hue²) (Jin)
• 掛氣／挂气 (guàqì) (dialectal)
• 暴怒 (bàonù) (to explode in anger)
• 有氣／有气 (yǒuqì)
• 氣／气
• 氣惱／气恼 (qìnǎo)
• 火大 (huǒdà)
• 火癀 (Hokkien)
• 燒色／烧色 (chiáu-să̤) (Northern Min)
• 爆氣／爆气
• 犯脾氣／犯脾气 (fàn píqi) (colloquial)
• 狂怒 (kuángnù) (to explode in anger)
• 生氣／生气 (shēngqì)
• 癀發／癀发 (Hokkien)
• 發呴／发呴 (⁷faq ¹heu) (Wu)
• 發性地／发性地 (Hokkien)
• 發火／发火 (fāhuǒ)
• 發癀／发癀 (Xiamen Hokkien)
• 發老脾／发老脾 (faat³ lou⁵ pei^4-2) (Cantonese)
• 發脾四／发脾四 (faat³ pei⁴ sei³) (Cantonese)
• 發脾氣／发脾气 (fā píqi)
• 發臉／发脸 (Hokkien)
• 發輦／发辇 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
• 發飆／发飙 (fābiāo) (colloquial)
• 盛怒 (shèngnù)
• 瞋恚 (chēnhuì) (Classical Chinese)
• 耍態度／耍态度 (shuǎ tàidù) (colloquial)
• 耍脾氣／耍脾气 (shuǎ píqi)
• 苦氣／苦气 (Hokkien)
• 見氣／见气 (Yangzhou Mandarin, Pingxiang Gan, Huizhou, Pingxiang Gan, Wu, Pingxiang Gan, Xiang, Pingxiang Gan)
• 起性 (Hokkien)
• 起性地 (Hokkien)
• 起火
• 起花光 (kī-huă-guŏng) (Eastern Min)
• 震怒 (zhènnù)
• 鬧脾氣／闹脾气 (nào píqi)

 

Dialectal synonyms of 發脾氣 (“to lose one's temper”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		發脾氣, 發橫, 發火, 發作, 鬧脾氣, 使性子, 耍脾氣
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	犯葛
	Harbin	發毛殃, 跳老虎神, 耍驢, 耍磨磨丟, 耍狗駝子
	Singapore	發脾氣
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	犯肝氣, 放肝氣, 犯勁, 犯態度, 犯性
	Jinan	發火, 發脾氣, 發火兒
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	發氣, 發火兒
Central Plains Mandarin	Wanrong	毷, 氉, 躁
	Xi'an	發脾氣, 耍脾氣, 使性子
	Xining	耍脾氣
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	發火, 冒火, 發氣, 發毛
	Wuhan	發脾氣, 發火
	Guiyang	發火, 發毛
	Kunming	鬼火綠
	Liuzhou	發脾氣, 發氣
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	來火, 惱火
	Yangzhou	動火, 起毛
	Nantong	動火, 發毛, 發絿, 發躁
Cantonese	Guangzhou	使脾氣, 發脾氣, 使頸, 發狼戾
	Hong Kong	發脾氣, 發老脾, 發脾四, 發爛渣, 發狼戾
	Dongguan	火屎, 使頸
Gan	Nanchang	發脾氣, 發朱砂
	Lichuan	發火
Hakka	Meixian	發火, 發作, 發狠, 發性
	Xingning	發性
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	發態度
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	發性
	Wuping	發切
	Liancheng	發豬癲
	Ninghua	發性
	Ruijin	發氣, 發性
	Shicheng	發脾氣
	Shangyou (Shexi)	發性子
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	發火, 發作
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	發火, 發作
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	發火, 發作
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	發火, 發作
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	發火, 發作
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	發火, 發作
Huizhou	Jixi	發火
Jin	Taiyuan	發毛
	Xinzhou	發毛, 毛
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	起花光
Southern Min	Xiamen	使性, 使癖, 使性地, 使體, 使乃, 使橫, 使色水, 發性, 發性地, 發臉, 發癀, 癀發, 起猌神, 起性, 起性地, 起否面, 起雄, 張
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	使性地
	Quanzhou	使性, 使性地, 侍體, 使橫, 發性地, 發臉, 癀發, 訛神, 起性, 起性地, 起雄, 張
	Zhangzhou	使性, 使癖, 使性地, 使體, 發火癀, 發性, 發性地, 癀發, 起猌神, 起性, 起性地, 張
	Kaohsiung	使性地
	Yilan	發脾氣
	Changhua (Lukang)	使性地
	Taichung	起性地
	Taichung (Wuqi)	發脾氣
	Tainan	發性地
	Taitung	使性地
	Hsinchu	發性地
	Penghu (Magong)	起性地
	Singapore (Hokkien)	發脾氣
	Manila (Hokkien)	起性地, 發性地, 燒熱
	Shantou	浮性
	Leizhou	發火
	Haikou	發火, 發性, 發惱, 氣火, 火性著, 性著, 火著
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	發嬲, 火起
Wu	Shanghai	光火, 發脾氣, 發毛, 發格, 發火, 發飆
	Suzhou	光火
	Danyang	發態度, 發火, 發脾氣
	Hangzhou	發火
	Ningbo	光火
	Wenzhou	發脾氣
	Jinhua	發火, 火
Xiang	Changsha	發氣, 發脾氣, 發火, 發老毛
	Loudi	發脾氣, 發火

• (to pretend):

edit

• 佯裝／佯装 (yángzhuāng)
• 假仙 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
• 假仙假觸／假仙假触 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
• 做假 (Hakka, Teochew)
• 假假子 (jia³ jia³ zr) (Xiang)
• 假嬰／假婴 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
• 假映 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 假樣／假样 (Hokkien)
• 假空 (Hokkien)
• 假裝／假装 (jiǎzhuāng)
• 偽裝／伪装 (wěizhuāng)
• 扮嘢 (baan⁶ je⁵) (Cantonese)
• 激 (Hokkien)
• 激樣／激样 (Hokkien)
• 裝作／装作 (zhuāngzuò)
• 裝假／装假 (zhuāngjiǎ)

 

Descendants

• → English: Chang, Zhang, Cheung, Cheong, Chong, Teo, Teoh
• → Tagalog: Chang, Tiu, Tiong

Compounds

• 一弛一張／一弛一张
• 一張一弛／一张一弛
• 七嘴八張／七嘴八张
• 七張八嘴／七张八嘴
• 不事張揚／不事张扬
• 主張／主张 (zhǔzhāng)
• 乖張／乖张 (guāizhāng)
• 五角六張／五角六张
• 伸張／伸张 (shēnzhāng)
• 伸張正義／伸张正义
• 侜張／侜张
• 供張／供张
• 侏張／侏张
• 做張做勢／做张做势
• 做張做智／做张做智
• 做張做致／做张做致
• 僨張／偾张
• 兩張皮／两张皮
• 分張／分张
• 劍拔弩張／剑拔弩张 (jiànbánǔzhāng)
• 助我張目／助我张目
• 呼張喚李／呼张唤李
• 周程張朱／周程张朱
• 哆張／哆张
• 喬主張／乔主张
• 單張匯票／单张汇票
• 囂張／嚣张 (xiāozhāng)
• 外弛內張／外弛内张
• 大全張／大全张
• 大張其詞／大张其词
• 大張撻伐／大张挞伐
• 大張旗鼓／大张旗鼓 (dàzhāngqígǔ)
• 大張聲勢／大张声势
• 失張倒怪／失张倒怪
• 失張冒勢／失张冒势
• 失張失志／失张失志
• 失張失智／失张失智
• 子張／子张
• 小全張／小全张
• 底張／底张 (Dǐzhāng)
• 弛張／弛张
• 弩張劍拔／弩张剑拔
• 張三丰
• 張三影／张三影
• 張三李四／张三李四 (zhāngsān-lǐsì)
• 張仙／张仙
• 張儀舌／张仪舌
• 張冠李戴／张冠李戴 (zhāngguānlǐdài)
• 張力／张力 (zhānglì)
• 張千／张千
• 張口／张口 (zhāngkǒu)
• 張口結舌／张口结舌 (zhāngkǒujiéshé)
• 張咀／张咀 (Zhāngzuǐ)
• 張嘴／张嘴 (zhāngzuǐ)
• 張垣／张垣 (Zhāngyuán)
• 張堪折轅／张堪折辕
• 張大／张大
• 張大其事／张大其事
• 張大其詞／张大其词
• 張天師／张天师
• 張家口／张家口 (Zhāngjiākǒu)
• 張家口堡／张家口堡 (Zhāngjiākǒubǔ)
• 張家嶺／张家岭 (Zhāngjiālǐng)
• 張家港／张家港 (Zhāngjiāgǎng)
• 張家灣／张家湾 (Zhāngjiāwān)
• 張家畈／张家畈 (Zhāngjiāfàn)
• 張家莊／张家庄 (Zhāngjiāzhuāng)
• 張家集／张家集 (Zhāngjiājí)
• 張宿／张宿 (Zhāngxiù)
• 張巷／张巷 (Zhāngxiàng)
• 張常臺／张常台 (Zhāngchángtái)
• 張弓拔刃／张弓拔刃
• 張弓挾矢／张弓挟矢
• 張弓簇箭／张弓簇箭
• 張弛／张弛
• 張志／张志
• 張掛／张挂
• 張揚／张扬 (zhāngyáng)
• 張敞畫眉／张敞画眉
• 張望／张望 (zhāngwàng)
• 張本／张本 (zhāngběn)
• 張果老／张果老
• 張榜／张榜
• 張橋／张桥 (Zhāngqiáo)
• 張溝／张沟 (Zhānggōu)
• 張潮／张潮
• 張灣／张湾 (Zhāngwān, “Zhangwan”)
• 張燈掛彩／张灯挂彩
• 張燈結彩／张灯结彩
• 張燈結綵／张灯结彩
• 張牙舞爪／张牙舞爪 (zhāngyáwǔzhǎo)
• 張狂／张狂 (zhāngkuáng)
• 張猛龍碑／张猛龙碑
• 張王／张王 (Zhāngwáng)
• 張王李趙／张王李赵 (Zhāng-Wáng-Lǐ-Zhào)
• 張皇／张皇 (zhānghuáng)
• 張皇失措／张皇失措
• 張目／张目
• 張眉弩眼／张眉弩眼
• 張綱埋輪／张纲埋轮
• 張繼／张继
• 張羅／张罗
• 張羅彀弓／张罗彀弓
• 張羅殆盡／张罗殆尽
• 張老師／张老师
• 張脈／张脉
• 張致／张致
• 張舌騙口／张舌骗口
• 張良借箸／张良借箸
• 張良擇留／张良择留
• 張莊／张庄 (Zhāngzhuāng)
• 張谷英／张谷英 (Zhānggǔyīng)
• 張貼／张贴 (zhāngtiē)
• 張載／张载
• 張遷碑／张迁碑
• 張開／张开 (zhāngkāi)
• 張集／张集 (Zhāngjí)
• 張顛／张颠
• 張飛穿針／张飞穿针
• 張飲／张饮
• 彭張／彭张
• 怒張／怒张 (nùzhāng)
• 急張拘諸／急张拘诸
• 恢張／恢张
• 慌張／慌张 (huāngzhāng)
• 慌張勢煞／慌张势煞
• 慌張慌智／慌张慌智
• 慌慌張張／慌慌张张
• 慌裡慌張／慌里慌张 (huānglihuāngzhāng)
• 慢張／慢张
• 打張雞兒／打张鸡儿
• 打張驚兒／打张惊儿
• 拍張／拍张
• 掞張／掞张
• 搭弩張弓／搭弩张弓
• 擅作主張／擅作主张
• 擴張／扩张 (kuòzhāng)
• 擴張戰果／扩张战果
• 改弦易張／改弦易张
• 改弦更張／改弦更张 (gǎixiángēngzhāng)
• 改張易調／改张易调
• 敷張揚厲／敷张扬厉
• 明目張膽／明目张胆 (míngmùzhāngdǎn)
• 更張／更张
• 有張沒智／有张没智
• 東張西望／东张西望 (dōngzhāngxīwàng)
• 榜張／榜张
• 樣張／样张 (yàngzhāng)
• 歙張／歙张
• 比張比李／比张比李
• 氣焰囂張／气焰嚣张
• 氣燄高張／气焰高张
• 沒張倒置／没张倒置
• 沒張智／没张智
• 沒張沒致／没张没致
• 泥人張／泥人张
• 海底擴張／海底扩张
• 滿張羅／满张罗
• 火傘高張／火伞高张
• 熟魏生張／熟魏生张
• 片口張舌／片口张舌
• 狐假鴟張／狐假鸱张
• 生張熟魏／生张熟魏
• 番張跟斗
• 畫眉張敞／画眉张敞
• 皮張／皮张
• 眼張失落／眼张失落
• 眼張失道／眼张失道
• 矜張／矜张
• 矜張顯著／矜张显著
• 籠貫箱張／笼贯箱张
• 紙半張／纸半张
• 紙張／纸张 (zhǐzhāng)
• 緊張／紧张 (jǐnzhāng)
• 緊張不安／紧张不安
• 緊張大師／紧张大师
• 緊張理論／紧张理论
• 緊張病／紧张病
• 綱舉目張／纲举目张
• 聲張／声张 (shēngzhāng)
• 自作主張／自作主张 (zìzuòzhǔzhāng)
• 舒張／舒张 (shūzhāng)
• 舒張壓／舒张压 (shūzhāngyā)
• 舞爪張牙／舞爪张牙
• 艾如張／艾如张
• 范張雞黍／范张鸡黍
• 虛張／虚张 (xūzhāng)
• 虛張聲勢／虚张声势 (xūzhāngshēngshì)
• 血脈賁張／血脉贲张
• 表面張力／表面张力 (biǎomiàn zhānglì)
• 解弦更張／解弦更张
• 設席張筵／设席张筵
• 設張舉措／设张举措
• 誇張／夸张 (kuāzhāng)
• 誇張其辭／夸张其辞
• 誇張法／夸张法
• 譸張／诪张 (zhōuzhāng)
• 譸張為幻／诪张为幻
• 賁張／贲张
• 蹶張／蹶张
• 輈張／辀张
• 輈張跋扈／辀张跋扈
• 邊張子／边张子
• 重張／重张
• 金張／金张
• 鋪張／铺张 (pūzhāng)
• 鋪張揚厲／铺张扬厉
• 鋪張浪費／铺张浪费 (pūzhānglàngfèi)
• 鋪排張揚／铺排张扬
• 門可張羅／门可张罗
• 開張／开张 (kāizhāng)
• 開張大吉／开张大吉
• 關張／关张 (guānzhāng)
• 雄張／雄张
• 靜脈曲張／静脉曲张 (jìngmài qūzhāng)
• 顛張醉素／颠张醉素
• 騙口張舌／骗口张舌
• 驚張／惊张
• 鴟張／鸱张

 

Pronunciation 2

trad.		張
simp.		张

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhàng (zhang⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄤˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zoeng³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhàng
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄤˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhàng
    • Wade–Giles: chang⁴
    • Yale: jàng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: janq
    • Palladius: чжан (čžan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zoeng³
    • Yale: jeung
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzoeng³
    • Guangdong Romanization: zêng³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sœːŋ³³/

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• Middle Chinese: trjangH

Rime
Character	張
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	知 (9)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	知亮切
Baxter	trjangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈɨɐŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈiɐŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶiɑŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈɨaŋH/
Li Rong	/ȶiaŋH/
Wang Li	/ȶĭaŋH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȶi̯aŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhàng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zoeng3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*taŋs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	張
Reading #	2/2
No.	1270
Phonetic component	長
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	帳
Old Chinese	/*taŋs/

Definitions

張

1. to boast; to exaggerate (now merged into Pronunciation 1)
2. ^† Original form of 脹／胀 (zhàng).
3. ^† Original form of 帳／帐 (zhàng).

Pronunciation 3

trad.		張
simp.		张
alternative forms		當／当

• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): dung¹ / dng¹
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tng

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• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: dung¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tuŋ⁵³³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: dng¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tŋ̍⁵³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tng
    • Tâi-lô: tng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dngf
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tŋ̍⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tŋ̍³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tŋ̍⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tŋ̍⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tŋ̍⁴⁴/

Definitions

張

1. (Hokkien, Puxian Min) to catch an animal by drawing a net, setting a trap, etc.
2. (Hokkien, Puxian Min, by extension) to wait for; to stalk; to watch out (in order to catch or get something)
3. (Hokkien, Puxian Min) implement for catching animals; trap
4. (Puxian Min) to run into; to encounter

Japanese

Kanji

張

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

1. to stretch; to spread

Readings

• Go-on: ちょう (chō, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: ちょう (chō, Jōyō)
• Kun: はる (haru, 張る, Jōyō)、はり (hari, 張り)

Compounds

• 出(しゅっ)張(ちょう) (shutchō): business trip

Derived terms

• 頑(がん)張(ば)る (ganbaru)
• 頑(がん)張(ば)って (ganbatte)

Korean

Hanja

張 (eum 장 (jang))

1. give, throw, have (a party etc.).
2. grant (a favor), bestow, confer.

Middle Vietnamese

Noun

張 (blang)

1. page of a book

Descendants

• Vietnamese: trang (張)

Vietnamese

Han character

張: Hán Nôm readings: trương, trang, chanh, choang, chương, giương, chăng, chướng, dăng

1. Chữ Hán form of Trương (“a surname from Chinese.”).

   張嘉平 ― Trương Gia Bình