鹹
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]鹹 (Kangxi radical 197, 鹵+9, 20 strokes, cangjie input 卜田戈竹口 (YWIHR), four-corner 23650, composition ⿰鹵咸)
Related characters
[edit]- 咸 – simplified to an existing character.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1507, character 20
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 47553
- Dae Jaweon: page 2035, character 22
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4610, character 19
- Unihan data for U+9E79
Chinese
[edit]| trad. | 鹹 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 咸* | |
| alternative forms | 醎 | |
Glyph origin
[edit]| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 感 | *kɯːmʔ |
| 鱤 | *kɯːmʔ |
| 顑 | *kʰɯːmʔ, *ŋɡrɯːms |
| 轗 | *kʰɯːmʔ, *kʰɯːms |
| 撼 | *ɡɯːmʔ |
| 憾 | *ɡɯːms |
| 喊 | *qʰaːmʔ, *qʰrɯːmʔ, *ɡrɯːmʔ |
| 緘 | *krɯːm |
| 瑊 | *krɯːm, *kjum |
| 黬 | *krɯːm, *ŋɡrɯːm |
| 減 | *krɯːmʔ, *ɡrɯːmʔ |
| 羬 | *ŋɡrɯːm, *ɡram |
| 麙 | *ŋɡrɯːm |
| 咸 | *ɡrɯːm |
| 鹹 | *ɡrɯːm |
| 醎 | *ɡrɯːm |
| 諴 | *ɡrɯːm |
| 椷 | *ɡrɯːm |
| 輱 | *ɡrɯːm |
| 鍼 | *ɡam, *ɡram, *kjɯm |
| 箴 | *kjɯm |
| 葴 | *kjɯm |
| 鱵 | *kjum |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡrɯːm) : semantic 鹵 (“salt”) + phonetic 咸 (OC *ɡrɯːm).
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *hjam (“salty”) or *g-rjum (“salt”); compare Chepang ल्हाम्सा (hlam‑, “salty (not excessively)”), Jingpho jum (“salt”) (STEDT).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): han2
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): хан (han, I)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): han2
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): xie1
- Northern Min (KCR): gěng
- Eastern Min (BUC): gèng / hàng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6ghe; 6yi
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): han2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: sián
- Wade–Giles: hsien2
- Yale: syán
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyan
- Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi̯ɛn³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: han2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xan
- Sinological IPA (key): /xan²¹/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: хан (han, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /xæ̃²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: haam4
- Yale: hàahm
- Cantonese Pinyin: haam4
- Guangdong Romanization: ham4
- Sinological IPA (key): /haːm²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: ham3
- Sinological IPA (key): /ham²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: han2
- Sinological IPA (key): /han²⁴/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hàm
- Hakka Romanization System: hamˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ham2
- Sinological IPA: /ham¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: xie1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕie¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gěng
- Sinological IPA (key): /keiŋ²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gèng / hàng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɛiŋ⁵³/, /haŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- gèng - vernacular;
- hàng - literary.
- Southern Min
Note:
- kiâm - vernacular;
- hâm - literary.
Note:
- 3hhe - vernacular;
- 3hhi - literary.
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: han2
- Sinological IPA (key): /xan¹³/
- (Changsha)
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: heam
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.[ɡ]ˤr[o]m/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɡrɯːm/
Definitions
[edit]鹹
- salty; briny
- (Southern Min) stingy; miserly
- (Southern Min) rice topping; viand
- (Teochew, of clothes) dirty; unwashed
- (Cantonese, Hailufeng Min) erotic; pornographic; obscene
- (Yangjiang Yue) salt
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 八珍鹹粥／八珍咸粥
- 半鹹水湖／半咸水湖
- 托葷鹹食／托荤咸食
- 舄鹹／舄咸
- 說鹹道淡／说咸道淡
- 酸鹹／酸咸
- 酸鹹苦辣／酸咸苦辣
- 鯹鹹／鯹咸
- 鹵鹹／卤咸
- 鹹丸子／咸丸子
- 鹹味／咸味 (xiánwèi)
- 鹹嘴淡舌／咸嘴淡舌
- 鹹土／咸土
- 鹹壤／咸壤
- 鹹杬子／咸杬子
- 鹹水／咸水 (xiánshuǐ)
- 鹹水妹／咸水妹 (xiánshuǐmèi)
- 鹹水湖／咸水湖 (xiánshuǐhú)
- 鹹水魚／咸水鱼 (xiánshuǐyú)
- 鹹汁／咸汁
- 鹹池／咸池
- 鹹泉／咸泉
- 鹹海／咸海 (Xiánhǎi)
- 鹹浸浸／咸浸浸
- 鹹淡／咸淡 (xiándàn)
- 鹹湖／咸湖 (xiánhú)
- 鹹溜溜／咸溜溜
- 鹹潟／咸潟
- 鹹潮／咸潮 (xiáncháo)
- 鹹澀／咸涩 (xiánsè)
- 鹹濕／咸湿 (xiánshī)
- 鹹片／咸片
- 鹹絲絲／咸丝丝
- 鹹肉／咸肉 (xiánròu)
- 鹹肉莊／咸肉庄
- 鹹腥／咸腥
- 鹹臭／咸臭
- 鹹舄／咸舄
- 鹹苦／咸苦
- 鹹草／咸草
- 鹹菜／咸菜 (xiáncài)
- 鹹菹／咸菹
- 鹹葅／咸葅
- 鹹虀／咸虀
- 鹹蛋／咸蛋 (xiándàn)
- 鹹蟲／咸虫
- 鹹解／咸解
- 鹹豉／咸豉
- 鹹豬手／咸猪手 (xiánzhūshǒu)
- 鹹酸／咸酸 (xiánsuān)
- 鹹風蛋雨／咸风蛋雨
- 鹹魚／咸鱼 (xiányú)
- 鹹魚翻生／咸鱼翻生
- 鹹魚翻身／咸鱼翻身 (xiányú fānshēn)
- 鹹鴨卵／咸鸭卵 (xiányāluǎn)
- 鹹鴨蛋／咸鸭蛋 (xiányādàn)
- 鹹鹵／咸卤
- 鹹鹺／咸鹾
- 鹹鹽／咸盐 (xiányán)
- 鹹龍／咸龙
- 鹺鹹／鹾咸
Descendants
[edit]See also
[edit]| Basic tastes in Chinese · 味道 (layout · text) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| 甜 (tián) | 酸 (suān) | 鹹／咸 (xián) | 苦 | 辣 (là) | 鮮味／鲜味 (xiānwèi) |
References
[edit]- “鹹”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]鹹
Readings
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Korean
[edit]Hanja
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Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
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