Papers by Valentina Voinea
PETREQUIN P., CASSEN S., ERRERA M., SHERIDAN A., TSONEV T., TURCANU S. et VOINEA V., 2017.- The Europe of jade. From the Alps to the Black Sea, in : L. Manolakakis, N. Schlanger et A. Coudard (ed.), European Archaeology. Identities and migrations. Leiden, Sidestone Press : 285-298 The realization that there had been an opposition, during the Vth millennium BC, between a ‘Europ... more The realization that there had been an opposition, during the Vth millennium BC, between a ‘Europe of copper’ which extended over central Europe and the Balkans, with Varna as its epicenter, and a ‘Europe of jade’, with Carnac and the Gulf of Morbihan as its epicentre, arose from recent work on the Neolithic and Chalcolithic. The consequences of this discovery are still far from being appreciated fully, not only regarding the circulation of socially-valued items over very long distances but also with respect to the functioning of the non-egalitarian societies, and the sets of beliefs, that lay behind this phenomenon.
Keywords: Europe, Neolithic, Chalcolithic, jade, jadeitite, non-egalitarian society, exchange, stone axeheads, spectroradiometry, copper
ARHEOVEST III1 -IN MEMORIAM FLORIN MEDELEȚ- Interdisciplinaritate în Arheologie și Istorie, 2015
Responsabilitatea pentru conţinutul materialelor revine în totalitate autorilor. DVD-ROMul conțin... more Responsabilitatea pentru conţinutul materialelor revine în totalitate autorilor. DVD-ROMul conține contribuțiile în varianta color precum și imaginile la rezoluția maximă trimisă de autor. Abstract. The Casimcea River Valley archaeological research, realised in the frame of the Romanian-Polish project Central Dobrudja -Landscape Changes and Human-Environment Interactions from Neolithic to Middle Ages (2014 -2016), led to identify new archaeological sites in the microregion of Cheile Dobrogei -Casian. In this study we will present two of these sites, i.e. a rural settlement dated back to the Ottoman times and related with it cemetery. The settlement discoveries revealed various aspects of the human activities (dwellings, kilns, ovens, traces of the metal working, various types of pottery etc.), being outlined a relatively long-dwelling, at least two housing sequences. The graves discovered in the cemetery show funerary rite and burials, which belong both Christian and Muslim traditions. Therefore, in this stage of the research, we cannot tell more about the ethnic origin of the community settled in presented microregion. The preliminary analysis of these archaeological discoveries allow to specify chronological frames from XVI th to XVII th centuries AD. This chronology places presented sites among the earliest one known in Dobrudja.
Journal of Aegean and Balkan Studies, 2016
Annales de l’Académie Polonaise des Sciences, 2013
Académie Polonaise des Sciences Pałac Kultury i Nauki 00-901 Warszawa Centre Scientifique à Paris... more Académie Polonaise des Sciences Pałac Kultury i Nauki 00-901 Warszawa Centre Scientifique à Paris 74, rue Lauriston 75116 Paris Tél. +33 (0)1 56 90 18 34, fax +33 (0)1 47 55 46 97
by Pierre Pétrequin, Anne-Marie Pétrequin, Michel G L Errera, Renato Nisbet, Viviana Germana Mancusi, Ramon Fábregas Valcarce, Carlos Rodríguez Rellán, István Dr. Zalai-Gaál, Valentina Voinea, Anett Osztás, Senica Țurcanu, Done Serbanescu, Dimitar Chernakov, Barbara Horejs, Samuel van Willigen, Frederic Herbaut, Yvan PAILLER, Anthony Denaire, Florian Eibl, frederic jallet, luc jaccottey, Ute Seidel, Emanuele Costa UnivTo, Laurent Lescop, Valentin Grimaud, and Estelle Gauthier Les concepts d’échange, de circulation et de réseaux sont aujourd’hui
des points particulièrem... more Les concepts d’échange, de circulation et de réseaux sont aujourd’hui
des points particulièrement forts des problématiques sur le Néolithique européen. Un précédent projet ANR « JADE » (2006-2009) a été consacré aux haches polies en jades alpins (jadéitites, omphacitites, éclogites fines), qui ont circulé en Europe occidentale pendant les Ve et IVe millénaires av. J.-C. Des transferts spectaculaires ont été identifiés sur des distances de 1 700 km à vol d’oiseau, depuis l’Italie du Nord jusqu’à l’Atlantique vers l’ouest et la mer Noire vers l’est.
L’image qui se dégage des cartes de répartition et des contextes de
dépôt en Europe occidentale est celle de sociétés très inégalitaires où les échanges étaient contrôlés par les puissants, avec la manipulation d’objets consacrés ou sacrifiés qui touchaient le domaine de la compétition et de l’affichage social bien sûr, mais aussi les rituels religieux, la mythologie et la reproduction idéelle des sociétés.
Le nouveau projet, JADE 2 (2013-2017), également soutenu par
l’ANR, a été élargi à l’ensemble de l’Europe – de l’Irlande à la Turquie et
du Danemark jusqu’à Malte – où les transferts de jades ont été alimentés par deux centres de production : l’île égéenne de Syros d’une part, où les plus anciennes exploitations remontent au moins à la fin du VIIe millénaire, et les massifs alpins du Mont Beigua et du Mont Viso d’autre part, dont les productions débutent probablement vers le milieu du VIe millénaire.
Avec un inventaire systématique des jades et de leur contexte de
dépôt, en particulier en Europe centrale et dans les Balkans, ce nouveau
projet vise à éclairer les valeurs sociales qui sous-tendaient la circulation à longue distance des grandes haches (et des anneaux-disques alpins à un moindre degré) dans un réseau complexe qui couvrait 3 200 km d’est en ouest. La démarche est fondée sur la comparaison entre les interprétations idéelles des producteurs d’outils et d’objets-signes en jade (Piémont) et l’imaginaire social des receveurs lointains dans les marges de l’Europe. L’étude des fonctions techniques et sociales des lames polies en jades alpins, réinterprétées au cours des transferts entre Atlantique et mer Noire, permet alors de souligner avec plus d’éclat encore la bipartition de l’Europe néolithique pendant le Ve millénaire, avec deux systèmes opposés de valeurs sociales et de conceptions religieuses, l’un fondé sur les jades alpins et l’autre sur le cuivre et sur l’or.
L’ouvrage comprend de plus l’inventaire général illustré des grandes
haches en jades alpins (mise à jour en 2016) et de très nombreuses cartes de répartition des types les plus significatifs.
The investigation conducted within the HERAS project allowed the extension of certain old investi... more The investigation conducted within the HERAS project allowed the extension of certain old investigations regarding the prehistoric dwellings located along the Constanța County coast (between Sinoe Lake and Vama Veche). The landscape changes developing in the fifth millennium BC along the West-Pontic coast had a major impact upon the inhabiting Eneolithic communities’ evolution. After a delayed and shy onset, the first farmers communities reach the littoral area around 6400 - 6300 cal BP. According to the palynological analysis conducted on samples taken from Varna, Durankulak and Șabla lakes, cereals and ruderal plants (associated to grazing) appeared starting with 6300 – 6200 cal BP. The oldest settlement – Hamangia II in the analysed space is the one from Techirghiol – Zarguzon. In the classic Hamangia III stage, but especially in the final Hamangia IV stage, the settlements clustered around certain older dwellings. In choosing the place for the new settlements, the Eneolithic communities preferred bays and estuaries protected against marine currents, plateaus and promontories protected from strong winds (especially on the North bank), springs that feed today’s lakes and marine lagoons. The Eneolithic communities flourished as they clustered along the fertile flooded valleys - Casimcea, Carasu, Urluchioi, Mangalia – representing true passages between the littoral area and Danube. The trade dynamics is highlighted by the exotic products’ circuit (pieces of Spondylus, Dentalium, marble, jade, copper), intensified and diversified beginning with the Hamangia IV - Gumelniţa A1 / Varna I metamorphosis moment.
Starting with the second half of the fifth millennium BC, due to the marine transgression, the entire network of thriving centers disappeared. The flooded levels from Năvodari – La Ostrov Island, Taraschina, Durankulak, as well as the 14C dates from Varna, are included in the 4450 – 4320 cal BC interval. The sedimentological and palynological analysis confirm, for the same time interval, a severe landscape change – sedimentary deposits rich in marine shells, the disappearance of pollen grains. Therefore, the marine transgression from the final Eneolithic stage led to the disappearance of the thriving centers from the West – Pontic littoral area, the only enclave continuing its evolution being reported in the Sozopol bay area. Over the time, on the largest part of West – Pontic coast, the Eneolithic dwellings have already disappeared around 4300 cal BC, as the settlement located near the Patovska river estuary continued its evolution through the final Eneolithic stage (4100 – 4000 cal BC). After 130 – 140 years, the Early Bronze Age communities repopulated the West – Pontic coast.
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne, 2008
Abstract: The authoress says with certainty that figurines en violon in bone represent the schema... more Abstract: The authoress says with certainty that figurines en violon in bone represent the schematized humane silhouette, just as the prismatic figurines in bone or those with evident anatomic details (type III). It is not a coincidence that they were found together, being used at the same ...
Advanced Topics in Optoelectronics, Microelectronics, and Nanotechnologies IV, 2009
Spectroscopy is one of the most important tools for studying the structures of atoms and molecule... more Spectroscopy is one of the most important tools for studying the structures of atoms and molecules. Paper underlines the procedures required for the determination of metal contents in tobacco samples. Sampling procedures, sample preparation, and atomic absorption instrumentation requirements are presented. Particular attention is given to the determination of metals as Pb, Cr, Li, Cu, Au, Co using atomic absorption spectroscopy. A dual-beam Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer was used for the measurements. The concentration of these metals in five different tobacco samples is given.
Progresele înregistrate în ultimele decenii în domeniul cercetării interdisciplinare şi-au pus am... more Progresele înregistrate în ultimele decenii în domeniul cercetării interdisciplinare şi-au pus amprenta şi asupra metodelor de investigare şi interpretare arheologică. Nu e de mirare cum tema catastrofelor naturale, relatată metaforic de mituri străvechi, revine în atenţia cercetătorilor după ce, mult timp, a fost considerată drept o interpretare naivă a unei literaturi fantastice 1 .
Defined by , when archaeological excavations were conducted at the eponymous site, the Hamangia c... more Defined by , when archaeological excavations were conducted at the eponymous site, the Hamangia culture in Romania and Bulgaria has seen limited archaeological research over the last half century. The particularities of the Hamangia culture, including its genesis, its periodisation, the degree of mobility of these communities and the intercultural exchange dynamics all remain to be further deepened. In this effort, a particularly important step was the work conducted at the cemetery of Durankulak, where the layout of space and the funeral inventory showed the existence of a complex social organisation . For a long time, Hamangia communities were characterised by conservatism and isolation. The intercultural relationships were considered unidirectional, from neighbouring communities to the Hamangia area, as exchanges or even displacement of communities (Boian, Precucuteni, Marica) , Slavchev 2004. However, the archaeological finds of the last two decades have revealed the presence of specific Hamangia items -clay figurines and fine pieces of Spondylus -beyond the line of the Danube in the Romanian plain, in north-east Muntenia and southern Moldova .
Tooth enamel bioapatite Sheep Seasonality of birth Season of birth Hamangia culture Early Eneolit... more Tooth enamel bioapatite Sheep Seasonality of birth Season of birth Hamangia culture Early Eneolithic Romania Cheia a b s t r a c t Cheia (early 5th millennium cal BC) is a prehistoric village in the Dobrodgea province in Romania. Its occupation is attributed to the Early Eneolithic period or Hamangia III phase. The exploitation of animal resources is heavily dominated by husbandry. Although cattle are dominant, they were complemented by caprines, mainly sheep, exploited for tender meat (as highlighted by a 6e12 months age class peak in the mortality profile). Sheep reproduction patterns were investigated through stable isotope analyses in order to characterize the annual rhythms of slaughtering for tender meat acquisition while informing a more general picture on sheep demographical management and animal husbandry at the settlement.
This article represents an analyse of the antropomorphe plastic gestures from Gumelnita culture.B... more This article represents an analyse of the antropomorphe plastic gestures from Gumelnita culture.Beeing immortalized in art creations the gestures suggest by their universality, a religious message. More than symbols, gestures allow a better understanding of the religious feelings, because of the simple logic that determines us to consider the first ones necessary in the definition of symbols. The hand's position indicates the way and the proportion of the gesture. The palm's orientation through exterior marks the opening, the searching for creative energies-all beeing involved in the Divine invocation. When the represented character is God him self, the opening's way changes its course overflowing the creative power. When arms are orientated through the subject -on the abdomen or under the thies-the energy "closes", the character himself carrying and generateing energy -God, ancesters, priests. In this case the position of the "thoughtfull man" appears like an intermediary phase or like a germination action. There are at least 7 cultured themes expressed in the Gumelnita culture's plastic. Aware of the religious field's complexity and of the research gaps, especially concerning the archaeologycal context, we try to create new hypothesis and new questions. We also tried from practical matters to define the gestures types by themes capable to synthesize their meaning. No matter the given message, all these gestures indicate a life too complex and complicate which raises a lot of questions.
… and Control. v3, Jan 1, 2008
The paper brings into discussion the use of ontologies in the 3D virtual reconstruction of histor... more The paper brings into discussion the use of ontologies in the 3D virtual reconstruction of historical sites. As the first attempt, we present the obtained taxonomy, as part of an ontology for a specific historical site and a very specific period. The taxonomy is constructed basis on the top-level ontology DOLCE+D&S. Furthermore, we present the taxonomy utilization in the authoring process of the 3D virtual reconstruction. The technology involved consist in Protégé and RacerPro for ontology, ARéVi as multimodal immersion open-source API, C++/Java as programming languages for system components implementation and XML and VRML as file format for the 3D virtual models and environment description.
The beginning of the Eneolithic in Dobrogea: …
Cuvinte cheie: cultura Hamangia, podoabe de Spondylus, depuneri funerare, piese de prestigiu. Des... more Cuvinte cheie: cultura Hamangia, podoabe de Spondylus, depuneri funerare, piese de prestigiu. Descoperirea unor piese noi de Spondylus în aşezarea Hamangia de la Cheia ne-a determinat să reluăm în discuţie ipoteze mai vechi privind originea, cronologia, tipologia, funcţionalitatea şi nu în ultimul r}nd semnificaţia acestora. Chiar dacă numărul siturilor Hamangia răm}ne, în continuare, foate mic (sub 20), totuşi, prezenţa pieselor de Spondylus at}t în aşezări c}t şi în necropole demonstrează clar preferinţa comunităţilor Hamangia pentru podoabe tăiate din acestă scoică. O simplă analiză cronologică şi chorologică a descoperirilor indică o repartiţie uniformă a lor, indiferent de fază, regiune sau tip de sit. Majoritatea pieselor descoperite în aşezări provin din contexte arheologice neprecizate. Singurele informaţii certe le avem pentru fragmentul de brăţară din groapa nr.1 de la Medgidia Satu Nou, mărgele tubulare şi figurina antropomorfă descoperite în locuinţa L.2 de la Cheia. Cele mai importante date răm}n cele care privesc contextul funerar. Dacă pentru necropola de la Cernavoda, informaţiile păstrate se rezumă la rapoarte preliminare, monografia necropolei de la Durankulak constituie baza interpretărilor noastre. Din cele 750 morminte Hamangia, 96 morminte conţin podoabe şi/sau accesorii vestimentare de Spondylus, constituind, p}nă în prezent, cel mai bogat şi variat lot de piese Spondylus din cultura Hamangia. Originea obiectelor/materiei prime Spondylus a fost mult timp discutată, contur}ndu-se p}nă în prezent două teorii. Deoarece scoica se dezvoltă, astăzi, în stare naturală, pe litoralul st}ncos al Mediteranei -la fel ca în perioada neo-eneoliticămajoritatea arheologilor au presupus, încă de acum un secol, provenienţa egeo-adriatică. Adepţii celei de a doua teorii, pornind mai ales de la frecvenţa ridicată a descoperirilor din vestul Mării Negre şi de la dovezi privind existenţa, în neo-eneolitic, a unui climat mai cald, au presupus originea locală a speciei. Prezente at}t în aşezări c}t şi în necropole, piesele de Spondylus folosite de comunităţile Hamangia se încadrează, în general, în tipologia cercului estic, excepţie făc}nd pandantivele antropomorfe.
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Papers by Valentina Voinea
Keywords: Europe, Neolithic, Chalcolithic, jade, jadeitite, non-egalitarian society, exchange, stone axeheads, spectroradiometry, copper
des points particulièrement forts des problématiques sur le Néolithique européen. Un précédent projet ANR « JADE » (2006-2009) a été consacré aux haches polies en jades alpins (jadéitites, omphacitites, éclogites fines), qui ont circulé en Europe occidentale pendant les Ve et IVe millénaires av. J.-C. Des transferts spectaculaires ont été identifiés sur des distances de 1 700 km à vol d’oiseau, depuis l’Italie du Nord jusqu’à l’Atlantique vers l’ouest et la mer Noire vers l’est.
L’image qui se dégage des cartes de répartition et des contextes de
dépôt en Europe occidentale est celle de sociétés très inégalitaires où les échanges étaient contrôlés par les puissants, avec la manipulation d’objets consacrés ou sacrifiés qui touchaient le domaine de la compétition et de l’affichage social bien sûr, mais aussi les rituels religieux, la mythologie et la reproduction idéelle des sociétés.
Le nouveau projet, JADE 2 (2013-2017), également soutenu par
l’ANR, a été élargi à l’ensemble de l’Europe – de l’Irlande à la Turquie et
du Danemark jusqu’à Malte – où les transferts de jades ont été alimentés par deux centres de production : l’île égéenne de Syros d’une part, où les plus anciennes exploitations remontent au moins à la fin du VIIe millénaire, et les massifs alpins du Mont Beigua et du Mont Viso d’autre part, dont les productions débutent probablement vers le milieu du VIe millénaire.
Avec un inventaire systématique des jades et de leur contexte de
dépôt, en particulier en Europe centrale et dans les Balkans, ce nouveau
projet vise à éclairer les valeurs sociales qui sous-tendaient la circulation à longue distance des grandes haches (et des anneaux-disques alpins à un moindre degré) dans un réseau complexe qui couvrait 3 200 km d’est en ouest. La démarche est fondée sur la comparaison entre les interprétations idéelles des producteurs d’outils et d’objets-signes en jade (Piémont) et l’imaginaire social des receveurs lointains dans les marges de l’Europe. L’étude des fonctions techniques et sociales des lames polies en jades alpins, réinterprétées au cours des transferts entre Atlantique et mer Noire, permet alors de souligner avec plus d’éclat encore la bipartition de l’Europe néolithique pendant le Ve millénaire, avec deux systèmes opposés de valeurs sociales et de conceptions religieuses, l’un fondé sur les jades alpins et l’autre sur le cuivre et sur l’or.
L’ouvrage comprend de plus l’inventaire général illustré des grandes
haches en jades alpins (mise à jour en 2016) et de très nombreuses cartes de répartition des types les plus significatifs.
Starting with the second half of the fifth millennium BC, due to the marine transgression, the entire network of thriving centers disappeared. The flooded levels from Năvodari – La Ostrov Island, Taraschina, Durankulak, as well as the 14C dates from Varna, are included in the 4450 – 4320 cal BC interval. The sedimentological and palynological analysis confirm, for the same time interval, a severe landscape change – sedimentary deposits rich in marine shells, the disappearance of pollen grains. Therefore, the marine transgression from the final Eneolithic stage led to the disappearance of the thriving centers from the West – Pontic littoral area, the only enclave continuing its evolution being reported in the Sozopol bay area. Over the time, on the largest part of West – Pontic coast, the Eneolithic dwellings have already disappeared around 4300 cal BC, as the settlement located near the Patovska river estuary continued its evolution through the final Eneolithic stage (4100 – 4000 cal BC). After 130 – 140 years, the Early Bronze Age communities repopulated the West – Pontic coast.
Keywords: Europe, Neolithic, Chalcolithic, jade, jadeitite, non-egalitarian society, exchange, stone axeheads, spectroradiometry, copper
des points particulièrement forts des problématiques sur le Néolithique européen. Un précédent projet ANR « JADE » (2006-2009) a été consacré aux haches polies en jades alpins (jadéitites, omphacitites, éclogites fines), qui ont circulé en Europe occidentale pendant les Ve et IVe millénaires av. J.-C. Des transferts spectaculaires ont été identifiés sur des distances de 1 700 km à vol d’oiseau, depuis l’Italie du Nord jusqu’à l’Atlantique vers l’ouest et la mer Noire vers l’est.
L’image qui se dégage des cartes de répartition et des contextes de
dépôt en Europe occidentale est celle de sociétés très inégalitaires où les échanges étaient contrôlés par les puissants, avec la manipulation d’objets consacrés ou sacrifiés qui touchaient le domaine de la compétition et de l’affichage social bien sûr, mais aussi les rituels religieux, la mythologie et la reproduction idéelle des sociétés.
Le nouveau projet, JADE 2 (2013-2017), également soutenu par
l’ANR, a été élargi à l’ensemble de l’Europe – de l’Irlande à la Turquie et
du Danemark jusqu’à Malte – où les transferts de jades ont été alimentés par deux centres de production : l’île égéenne de Syros d’une part, où les plus anciennes exploitations remontent au moins à la fin du VIIe millénaire, et les massifs alpins du Mont Beigua et du Mont Viso d’autre part, dont les productions débutent probablement vers le milieu du VIe millénaire.
Avec un inventaire systématique des jades et de leur contexte de
dépôt, en particulier en Europe centrale et dans les Balkans, ce nouveau
projet vise à éclairer les valeurs sociales qui sous-tendaient la circulation à longue distance des grandes haches (et des anneaux-disques alpins à un moindre degré) dans un réseau complexe qui couvrait 3 200 km d’est en ouest. La démarche est fondée sur la comparaison entre les interprétations idéelles des producteurs d’outils et d’objets-signes en jade (Piémont) et l’imaginaire social des receveurs lointains dans les marges de l’Europe. L’étude des fonctions techniques et sociales des lames polies en jades alpins, réinterprétées au cours des transferts entre Atlantique et mer Noire, permet alors de souligner avec plus d’éclat encore la bipartition de l’Europe néolithique pendant le Ve millénaire, avec deux systèmes opposés de valeurs sociales et de conceptions religieuses, l’un fondé sur les jades alpins et l’autre sur le cuivre et sur l’or.
L’ouvrage comprend de plus l’inventaire général illustré des grandes
haches en jades alpins (mise à jour en 2016) et de très nombreuses cartes de répartition des types les plus significatifs.
Starting with the second half of the fifth millennium BC, due to the marine transgression, the entire network of thriving centers disappeared. The flooded levels from Năvodari – La Ostrov Island, Taraschina, Durankulak, as well as the 14C dates from Varna, are included in the 4450 – 4320 cal BC interval. The sedimentological and palynological analysis confirm, for the same time interval, a severe landscape change – sedimentary deposits rich in marine shells, the disappearance of pollen grains. Therefore, the marine transgression from the final Eneolithic stage led to the disappearance of the thriving centers from the West – Pontic littoral area, the only enclave continuing its evolution being reported in the Sozopol bay area. Over the time, on the largest part of West – Pontic coast, the Eneolithic dwellings have already disappeared around 4300 cal BC, as the settlement located near the Patovska river estuary continued its evolution through the final Eneolithic stage (4100 – 4000 cal BC). After 130 – 140 years, the Early Bronze Age communities repopulated the West – Pontic coast.
Studies on the Eurasian Nomadic Societies and Their Relations with the Outside World.
Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences
&
Institute of Classical, Mediterranean and Oriental Studies
University of Wrocław
Editorial Board:
Aleksander Paroń (Editor-in-Chief), Gościwit Malinowski (Editor),
Bartłomiej Sz. Szmoniewski (Editor), Hanna Urbańska (Secretary)
Adress of the Editorial Board:
Centre for Late Antiquity and Early Medieval Studies
Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology Polish Academy of Sciences
ul. Więzienna 6, 50-118 Wrocław, Poland