Etruscan declension patterns as they relate to Latin, Greek & Sanskrit

Preliminary Report Updated August 01, 2012 Appendix A Etruscan declension patterns as they relate to Greek, Latin & Sanskrit (From (http://www.maravot.com/Etruscan_Phrases_a.html since July 1998.) by Mel Copeland Use in conjunction with Accentuations of the Etruscan language that are comparable to Indo-European declension patterns The following Etruscan declension patterns are similar to Latin patterns. Peculiarities such as the suffix “V8” – possibly Latin “ob” and Sanskrit “bhyaḥ” are noted. The locations of the words can be found in the Etruscan GlossaryA.pdf, a glossary of 2,500+ Etruscan words. PATRE8VM may be PATRE8VS. The declension tables of the Etruscan language appear to involve a few cases that are different from Latin, i.e., as with the case of PINA, 8RATER et al. The function of the suffix “EI” and “AI” has yet to be discerned. These may be contrasted with “IA” which is used in proper names, such as the names of gods: TINIA, VNIA, PHABIA, THIA, 8EIA, 8VIA, Tarquinia, etc. “IE” is used in familiar nouns such as PHERIE, VLIE, PINIE, TERTIE, TIE and 8IE. These documents are intended as an appendix to our Work note: Introduction to the Etruscan language. ‘father’ N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. 1 Etruscan PATIR Greek πατιρ πατερα πατρος Sanskrit grammar from http://sanskrit.inria.fr Page 1 of 25 Latin pater patres patrem patres patris Sanskrit 1 Pita, pitR pitáram pitÚh Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘brother’ N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘mother’ N. Sing. N. Plural Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘daughter’ N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. patrum patre, -i patribus PATRE PATRE8UM 8RATER 8RATRVS 8RATRVM 8RATRV φρατιρ φρατεροσ MATERi μήτηρ MATRE μητέρα μητροσ Bhrǟta, bhrAtR mater matres matrem matres matris Mātǟ, mAtR bhrǟtaram bhrAtra bhrǟtuh mātáram matÚh matre, matri matribus MATRV8 2 FILE FILAE frater fratres fratrem fratres fratris fratrum fratre, -i fratribus thygatera fillia filiae filiam filiabus filiae filiarum filia,-ae filiabus duhitāḥ, putrI duhitāḥ duhitām duhitaḥ duhitaḥ, duhite duhitābhyaḥ ‘son’ 2 ) MATRV8 – The “V8” “ob,” “ub” suffix appears to be a contraction of “obus, ubus” ; however, L. mater-tris, maternus-a-um fall into 2nd declension which does not have the “ebus” “ibus” plural suffix. The dropped final syllable is consistent in the Latin-Etruscan shift. Page 2 of 25 N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘people’ N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘wine’ N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘holy’ N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Page 3 of 25 FILVS FILVI γιος filius filii filium filios filii filiorum filio filiis putra άνθρωποι populus populi-a populum populos populi populorum populo populis prajāḥ janatA prajāḥ prajām krasi vinum vini,-a vinum vinos vini vinorum vino vinis madya agios sacer sacra sacrum sacros, -a sacri sacrorum sacro bhagavānaḥ, pAvana bhagavānāḥ bhagavānam FILVI FILVI? PVPLA PVPVLVM VIN VINA VINVM VINEI SAKRE SAKRA SAKREV prajaḥ prajaḥ prajābhyaḥ bhagavānasya bhagavānāya Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘sack’ N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘arrow’ N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘ground’ N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘Etruscan’ N. Sing. 2 SAKRE8 2 SAC sacris bhagavānebhyaḥ apolyo sacculus sacculi sacculum sacculos sacculi sacculorum sacculo sacculis syUta βέλος pina pinae pinam pinas pinae pinarum pina, pinae pinis bANa edafos, gi, basi humus humi humum humos humi humorum humo humis avani SACV sacco verb? SACE8 2 PINA PINI PINAS PINIE PINES PINA8 VM VMA VMIS RAS ) MATRV8 – The “V8” “ob,” “ub” suffix appears to be a contraction of “obus, ubus” ; however, L. mater-tris, maternus-a-um fall into 2nd declension which does not have the “ebus” “ibus” plural suffix. The dropped final syllable is consistent in the Latin-Etruscan shift. 3 Suffix “NE” and “NA” appear to be augmentative suffixes, as Italian “-one” - a suffix to add impressiveness to a word. Page 4 of 25 N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. Page 5 of 25 RASNA 3 RASNE RASNES ‘Italia’ N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘Achilles’ N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘Tyndareus’ N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘Rome’ N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. 3 Ιταλία ITALA ITALE AKL Italia Italiae Italiam Italias Italiae Italiorum Italiae Italis αχιλλεύς AKLE TVNTLE TVNTLES RVM RVMII ROMNA 3 Ρώμη Roma Romae Romam Romas Suffix “NE” and “NA” appear to be augmentative suffixes, as Italian “-one” and a suffix to add impressiveness to a word. Page 6 of 25 Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘Avona’ N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘wheel’ N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘thunder’ ‘tone’ N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘Earth’ N. Sing. N. Plur. Page 7 of 25 ROMNE Romae Romarum Roma, -ae Romis RVMA Avernus? Averni A8VNA A8VNAS A8VNES RVT trochos, gyrizo rota rotae rotam rotas rotae rotarum rota-ae rotis cakrI τόνος tonitrus tonitrus tonitrum tonitros-a tonitrus tonitrorum tonitru-ui tonitribus sphūrjaḥ, sphūrjāḥ sphūrjam terra terrae dharaḥ, pRthivI dharāḥ RVTEM RVTE RVTA RVTAS TVN TVNI TVNAM TVNE TVNA TER TERI gi, choma sphūrjasya Sphūrjāt, sphūrjāya sphūrjebhyaḥ Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘three’ N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur.. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘three at a time” Instrumental ‘seat’ N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘lord’ ? N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Page 8 of 25 TERIM TRES, m.f. TREI,ii n. teram terras terrae terrarum terra-ae terris τρία TRE TRINUM SETIS κάθισμα, έδρα, SETVM SETI SETVM SETIV LER LERI LERE archontas x tres, m,f, tria, n x trium x tres, tria x tribus trini trinae trina trinum sedes sedis sedem sedes sedei sedum sede-ei sedebus ‘triumph’ laurus laurui laurum lauros, -a lauri laurorum dharam dharasya dharāt, dharāya dharebhyaḥ trih trim treḥ treḥ, traye? tribhyaḥ tris triṇā, tribhyām, tribhiḥ, āsanaḥ, Asanda āsanāḥ āsanam āsanasya āsanāt, āsanāya āsanebhyaḥ adhipati Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘goat’ N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘savior’ N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘port, door’ N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘leader, archon’ N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Page 9 of 25 LERV LERES CAPER CAPERI lauro lauris τράγος, γίδα caper capri caprum capros capri caporum capro capris ajA σωτήρ soter soteris sotera sotros-a sotri sotorum sotro sotros-a uddhAraka, trAtR πόρτο porta portae portam portos portae portorum porta-ae portis dvāraḥ, dvAra dvārāḥ dvāram CAPERE SVTER SVTRIS SVTRA SVTRV PVRTA PVRTI ARCIA ARCAMEN αρχηγός αρχηγοι dvārasya dvārāt, dvārāya dvārebhyaḥ nAyaka Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘Anio river?’ N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘Arno’ river N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘reign’ N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. Page 10 of 25 ARCIV ANIA ANI ANE ARNV ARNA ARNVI ARNVIS βασίλισσα βασιλεία, RINVS RINE RINV RINES regnum regni regnum regnos regni regnorum regno regnis rAjJI, pratipatti ‘Velcha’ N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘flesh’ N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘Artemis’ N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘Atis’ N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. 6 8ELCIA 8ELCES CARNA6 KARNE KARNVS CARNIS KARNE ARTVME ARTVMES ARTVMES ARTVMIS ATIA ATI ATVS ATIE “K” and “C” are sometimes interchanged. Page 11 of 25 σάρκα αρτέμη caro-carnis caro carnes carnem carnes carnis carnum carni, -e carnibus pizita Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘Atijeria’ N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘light, lighthouse’ N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘Ionians’ N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘funeral pile’ N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Page 12 of 25 ATE ATES ATIIER ATTIIERI ATTIIERIE ATTIERIA ATTIRIER? ATTIERIV ATTIERIES PHER PHERI φως, φάρος PHER PHERIS ιωνία ‘lighthouse’ pharus phari pharum pharos-a phari pharorum pharo pharis IVNIV IVNAS Ionia Ionae Ionam Ionas Ionae Ionarum Iona, -ae Ionis RVK RVCA RVCIV rugus rugi, -a rugum IVNE jvAlaka, dIpagRha cityA Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘Janus,’ doorway N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘Tini = Jupiter’ N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘opponent, enemy’ N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. 4 RVCA rugos, -a rugi rugorum rugo rugis RVCV IAN ianua ianuae ianuam ianuas ianui ianuarum ianuae, -a ianuis IANNA IANAS TIN TINIA 4 TINI TINeS VST VSTIS VSTE VSTIS θυσιάζω, θυσία hostis-is hostis hostisis hostem hostes hostis hostum amitra, tyAga ) The “IA” suffix appears to be a Gen. Sing. Case; however, in the name of Tin, Tini, we also have Tinia and Tins. Fitting this declension into a Latin declension is problematic. For instance, TINeS suggests a plural case or Gen. Sing. 3rd Declension. However, the god would not be addressed in a plural sense, unless the address referred to his state in a plural case. è Page 13 of 25 Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘valley’ N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘lioness’ N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘Phoebus,’ god N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plural Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘era’ N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Page 14 of 25 VSTI 8AL 8ALES hosti, -e hostibus κοιλάδα vall valles vallem valles vallis vallum valle,-i vallibus upatyakA λέαινα lea leae leam leas leae learum lea, -ae leis siMhI φοίβος Phoebus Phoebi Phoebum Phoebos Phoebi Phoeborum Phoebo Phoebis εποχή It. Era; Fr. ère 8ALES 8ALAS LEIA LEIEM LEI LEI PHABIA PHABAS PHABE PHABETO ERAIA ERA ERAS Rtu Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘Po river?’ N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘god,’ ‘goddess’* N. Sing. N. Sing. F.* N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. PV, PVIA THIA, TEIA5 TEIVA (TEIFA) TEI, THEI TEIM TEUS (TEFS) TEI, THEI TEU (TEF), THIV, TIV ‘one’ N. Sing. VN, VNE, VNAS N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. x VNEM, VNVM x VNIA, VNIAS x 5 θεός deus diva dei deum deos dei deorum deo deva, devatA deis ένας unus, m, una, f, unum, n. x unum x unius x ekam Sorting out the Latin declensions for god, goddess, divine etc. involves more consultation with the usage in texts. As a reference we have deus, divus, di, divi, dea, diva; It. dio, dia; Fr. dieu, dieux, deese. Page 15 of 25 Abl.. Sing. VNV uno, m, una,f, uno, n. uni Dat. Sing.. ‘way?’ N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘lar, laris,’a god N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘font,’ fountain N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘stem’ N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Page 16 of 25 8E 8EI dromos 8IAS 8EIA 8EIV LAR LARI LARV LARIS βρύση fontanus fontana fontanum fontanos fontani fantanorum fontano fontanis utsa σταματώ stirps, truncus skandhadeza PHVNTIA? PHVNTE TIGA TIGI TIKAM vIthI, patha lar lares larem lares laris larum lare, lari laribus LARES PHVNT, PHVNTIA via viae vium vios vei veorum vio viis Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘Perae,’ town N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘grating’? N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘fate’ N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘daughter-in-law’ N. Sing. N. Plur. Page 17 of 25 TIGE PERIAI iii PERAE PERAEM KLETRA KLETRAM Pera Perae Peram Peras Perae Perarum Pera Peris ενοχλητικός (enochlitikos) KLETRE FAS clatri-orum clatrus clatri, -a clatrum clatros clatri clatrorum clatro clatris AstAraka μοίρα fas (indecl.) vidhi Nύφη (nyfi) nurus-us nurus putravadhUH FASIE NVR Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘Spina,’ town N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘Veleri,’ gens N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘light’ N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. Page 18 of 25 nurum nurus nurus nuruum nuru, nurui Nuru, nuribus NVRA NVRE SPINIA SPINI SPINAVMiv SPINA 8eLER 8eLERI 8eLERES 8eLEREI 8eLERE PHERI, PHERIE PHERIE PHERIS φως, φάρος pharus phari pharum pharos phari pharorum pharo pharis jvAlaka ‘day’ N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘rock’ N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘Cato’ N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘Catellus’ N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Page 19 of 25 TIES μέρα THIE, TIE PETR PETRVS PETRV CATV KATI CATVS CATE, KATE KATLV KATLE dies-ei, dies dies diem dies diei dierum die, m, diei, f. diebus divasa parvati πέτρα πέτρες πέτρά πέτρές πέτράς πέτρών πέτρώ Cato-onis Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘house, casa’ N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘sea’ N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘lamb’ N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘dead, black’ N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Page 20 of 25 KATLES CASA CASI σπίτι CASVS CASE CASI MAR θάλασσα MARAM MARAS MAREM AKNE AKNI AKNESVM αρνί AKNEV ATER ATRVM Νεκρός, μαύρος casa-ae casa casae casam casas casae casarum casa,-ae casis bhuvana bhuvanāḥ bhuvanam bhuvanān bhuvanasya bhuvanānām bhuvanāt bhuvanebhyaḥ mare maris mare maria maris marium mari maribus samudra samudrāḥ samudram samudrān samudrasya samudrānām samudrāya samudrbhyaḥ agna-ae agna agnae agnam agnas agnae agnarum agna, -ae agnis ater atra atrum atros atri avika, ajazizu preta kRSNa, black Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘two’ N. Plur. Acc. Plur. atriorum atro artris ATRV TOIA, TOIE (Phrygian) δυο duo, m, duae, f, duo, n. duos, m, duas, f, duo,n. duorum duobus dvi m. dve n. TVTAS TVTHI, TVTA ολικό totus toti, tota totum totos, tota totius totorum toti totis toties (-iens) sakala samasta adj. yoga m. yukti f. βασίλισσα regina reginae reginam reginas reginae reginarum regina, reginae reginis rAjJI τρίτος tertius terti-ae-a tertium-am tertios-as-a tRtIya Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘total’ N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘often, so many times’ ‘queen’ N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘third’ N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Page 21 of 25 TVTA TVTHIV TVTHI RIN, RINA RINI RINAM RINES RINE RINA TERTI, TERTIE Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘Tarquin’ N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘Parthian’ N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘Perae’ N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘bird of omen’ N. Sing. Page 22 of 25 TERTI, TERTIE terti-ae tertorum-arum terto-ae-o tertis TERTV TARKVNVSv TARKIE PARTHIAMvi πάρθιος PERAE PERIAI PERAEMvii AFIS πουλί, bird avis pakSiNI ‘bird’ pakSizAlA ‘aviary’ N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘earth’ N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. ‘king’ N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. Adjective ‘sound, healthy’ N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. Page 23 of 25 aves avem aves avis avium ave, -i avibus A8IM (AVIM)viii TERA TERI TERIM Χώμα, γη TERI RVI RVIM βασιλέας, ρήγας (basilias, rigas) RVIS RVIAL SAN, SANA SANIM SANV υγιεινός, υγιής, adj. terra-ae terra terrae terram terras terrae terrarum terra, -ae terris pRthvI rex reges regem reges regis regum rege, regi regibus regius, regis raja rajanah rajanam rajnah sanus-er-a sani-ae-a sanum, -am sanos-as-a sani, -ae sanorum, -arum sano, -ae sanis svasthaḥ, agada svasthāḥ svastham rājyá svasthasya svasthāt, svasthāya svasthebhyaḥ ‘web, texture’ N. Sing. N. Plur. Acc. Sing. Acc. Plur. Gen. Sing. Gen. Plur. Abl./Dat. Sing. Abl./Dat. Plur. (possibly verb texo) TESARE TESIM TESI ύφανση textura texturae texturam texturas texturae texturarum textura, -ae texturis kulAya NOTES (1) Sanskrit grammar from http://sanskrit.inria.fr (2) MATRV8 – The “V8” “ob,” “ub” suffix appears to be a contraction of “obus, ubus” ; however, L. mater-tris, maternus-a-um fall into 2nd declension which does not have the “ebus” “ibus” plural suffix. The dropped final syllable is consistent in the Latin-Etruscan shift. (3) Suffix “NE” and “NA” appear to be augmentative suffixes, as Italian “-one” and a suffix to add impressiveness to a word. (4) The “IA” suffix appears to be a Gen. Sing. Case; however, in the name of Tin, Tini, we also have Tinia and Tins. Fitting this declension into a Latin declension is problematic. For instance, TINeS suggests a plural case or Gen. Sing. 3rd Declension. However, the god would not be addressed in a plural sense, unless the address referred to his state in a plural case. (5) Sorting out the Latin declensions for god, goddess, divine etc. involves more consultation with the usage in texts. As a reference we have deus, divus, di, divi, dea, diva; It. dio, dia; Fr. dieu, dieux, deese. (6) General Comment: The words in our “Accentuations of the Etruscan language that are comparable to Indo-European declension patterns,” 6.21.11 that are not listed herein should fall into the above declensions. This document will be updated to fill in the blanks and make corrections. (7) Greek lexicon from http://www.kypros.org/cgi-bin/lexicon (8) Sanskrit lexicon from http://spokensanskrit.de (linked entries) i Other –“ER” suffixes: PVSTER, PVST, PVSTE, PVSTI, TRIIVPER, TE8IPER, AKER, AKRV, HINeR, HINeRA, HINeRV, SVTER, SVTRA,SVTRV, SVTRIS, CAPER, CAPERE, CAPERI, CHIMeR, CHIMeRS, MATER, MATRA, MATRV, MATRV8, NAPER, NVPER, RAMVER, TAITeR ii Other words ending in “EI” are: MVSEI, LICEI, ELINEI, ELINAI, PHERSIPNEI, VEI, VEIA, LEI, LEIA, LEIEM, PVLTVCEI, THRVNEI, VeLEREI, VeLERES, VeLER, VeLERE, VeLERI, PHASEI, TAEI, TAEIA, TEI, THEI, TEIA, TEF, TEIM,TEIS, TEIFA, TEFS (TEUS), TREI, TRE, TRES, TRINVM, VINEI, VASEI, VASE, VAS iii Other words ending in “AI” are: ARA, ARAS, ARAI, CRVTHAI, ELINAI, AECAI, APRONAI, SIFAI, CRAI, TFA, TFE, TFAI (dua, etc.) ARMAI, MIDAI, ATAI, STV, STA, STE, STI, STAI, PERAEM, PERIAI, TIR, TIRV, TIRI, TIRAI, RVN, RVNS, RVNV, RVNEM, RVNA, RVNE, RVNI, RVNIS, APRVNAI iv Other –“VM” endings: AKNESVM, AKNE, AKNEV, AKNI, A8ERVM, A8ERA, A8RAS, PVPVLVM, PVPVLV, PVPLA, KATRVM, KATRV, PATRE8VM, PATRE, PATIR, 8RATRVM, 8RATER, 8RATRV, 8RATRVS Page 24 of 25 v Other –“VS” ending in names/nouns: SFEITVS (Sueitos, name of haruspex) TAFVS, TELATOS, TELETA, TELOS, FELVS, CATVS, CATV, CATE, ERVS, VRVS, PETRVS, PETRV, PILVS, IAPVS, KAPIRVS, TELMVNVS (Ajax, son of Telemon), SERELVS, THANCHVILVS (of Tanaquil), KARNVS, KARNE, PVRVS, SITVS, FITVS, FILVS, FILAE, FILE, FILVI, FILVS, TIVS, TIV, TIE, TIFI (TIVI) TIES, TEFS (TEUS), METVS (Medusa), NEPERTVS, PASTVS, PAFVS, PVRIMVS, RINVS, RVRVS or RVDVS, SEVS (Zeus), 8VRVS, 8VRE. vi Other words ending in –“AM” : KLETRAM, KLETRA, CLETRAM, HERAM (L. Heraea-orum) PANATAM (L. Penates-ium), TESCAM (L. tesqua [tesca]orum, TIKAM, TIGE (TIbE) TIbA, TIbI, PAR8AM, PARF, TVNAM, TVNA, TVN, TVNI, MARAM, MAR, MARAS, MAREM, SINAM, SINA, TIMAM, TIMEM (L. timens-entis) vii Other words ending in ‘EM’ include: MAREM, MAR, MARAS, MARAM, MARIS, RVTEM, RVT, RVTA, RVTAS, RVTE, LEIEM, LEIA, LEI (L. ea-ae), NVMEM (L. nomem-inis), VCEM, PANIEM (L. paean-anis, surname of Apollo or Pania, region near Chiuso, PERASCEM, PVLEM., SKENEM, SFEM (SUEM), SFIS, SFA, SFE, TITEM, TITE, TITV, VNEM, VNIA, VNIAS, VNE, VN, VNAS, VNO, VNUM. viii Other words with “IM” suffix : TISIM, TIS (L. Dis, Ditis), TERIM, TERA, TER, TERI, TESIM, TESI, TESARE, PINCIM, PINCA, SPVRERIM, SPVR, SPVRA, SPVRE, RVIM, RVIS, RVIS, RVIAL, NACIM, NATIM, VCHVLEIM, VCHSIEM, VRIM, SANIM, SAN, SANS, SANA, SANV, SPANeRIM, SPANSA, SPANTEA, SPANTI, TEIM, TEIFA,TEI, THEI, TEIA, TEF, TEIS Copyright © 1981-2012 Mel Copeland. All rights reserved. Updated 8.01.12 Page 25 of 25