BREEAM

Certification systems are generally used for the purpose of sustainability assessment in buildings or neighbourhoods, and indexes mainly focus on construction issues related to the civil engineering activities but not usually in urban management programs. As an attempt to tackle this issue, "German Sustainable Building Council" has created and developed a certification system according to the three aspects of economical, ecological and social culture in planning, construction, and operation of buildings in Germany. This paper focuses on the brief history and introduction of these three kinds of certification systems named as DGNB, LEED and BREEAM. The certification process, certification types, their criteria and rating system are all reviewed in five sections of this paper. Finally the results of analysis and comparison of these systems along with the advantages and disadvantages of them which will be helpful for assessment of two main subjects of "sustainable urban development strategies" and "tools for sustainability assessment in urban communities" are discussed. As a conclusion it is shown that certification systems are quantitative standards to measure the concept of sustainable development in any region. By defining a set of criteria and a rating system to score them, these systems assess projects during a specific process. The result of this assessment can be useful for different groups, e.g. national and local governments, users, planners, builders, owners, investors, etc. It can be concluded that identifying comprehensive objectives, adopting proper strategies to realize those objectives, applying certification systems to control the performed activities, and correcting the objectives and strategies will definitely guarantee sustainable development achievements.

Neighbourhoods are increasingly gaining attention as planning units of great potential for contribution to sustainable development. Many assessment tools such as LEED-ND, BREEAM Communities and CASBEE-UD have been developed to examine the sustainability of neighbourhood development projects. Some of these tools are claimed to be suitable for assessment in different contexts, and LEED-ND has already been utilised in various countries. This study investigates the viability of using global standards through a series of comparative case studies. One certified case from each of the aforementioned tools is chosen and evaluated against its non-corresponding assessment tools. Selected cases are, respectively, Hoyt Yards, MediaCityUK and Koshigaya Lake Town. Results of this study provide evidence that casts doubt on the viability of using global standards. The paper concludes that neighbourhood sustainability assessment should be regarded as a pluralistic practice. This implies that any realistic and reliable assessment should take account of the specificities of specific locations and varying needs of different stakeholders.

ABSTRACT
In this study, differences between BEP-TR National Building Energy Performance Calculation Methodology and the widely used environmental assessment methods for buildings are investigated. Parameters as paths taken in the calculations, priorities, energy classifications through the simulation tools of the methods are evaluated. The most appropriate system or implementation for Turkey is mentioned along the comparison of these assessments in terms of energy classifications. The necessity of an energy performance calculation methodology is emphasized according tolocal properties and preconditions.
Key words : BEP-TR National Calculation Methodology, Building Energy Performance Certification, BREEAM, LEED, Energy Classification.

Conventional building methods are continuing to stress the supply of available resources, including water, energy and materials, causing harm to the environment. In order to tackle these problems the building industry needs to embrace sustainable development methods and policies. One of the main approaches used to define and give solutions to these problems is adopting the relatively newly founded buildings and communities certification systems. As these certification systems are tremendously growing, it is important to continually examine their effectiveness, development path and results.
The objective of the proposition is to better understand the impacts, opportunities and challenges of the use of any certification system, by showcasing “Estidama”, Abu Dhabi’s certification system, addressing the local environment, social, economic and culture aspects. This is assisted by a local case study “Masdar City”, presenting two levels of study, the building and community scales. The research methods include examining available literature, as well as on site Interviews with clients, designers, engineering consultants, environmental consultants, project managers, contractors, facility managers, building information modeling experts, municipal officials, credits assessors, policy writers and government representatives, in an attempt to represent the collaborative effort from all parties involved in any project.
The interview results, as well as specific credits analyzed helped accomplishing the aim of sensitizing stakeholders and regulatory bodies about the benefits and deficiencies of rating systems. Furthermore a development of recommendations formulated in form of strategies and an action plan are presented, to aid enhancing new and existing certification procedures.

Keywords:
Architecture Sustainable Transportation Sustainable Development Environmental Planning and Design Urban Planning Sustainable Building Design Sustainable Urban Environments Sustainable Water Resources Management Sustainable Energy Green architecture Environmental Sustainability Sustainable Architecture Sustainable Design Green Building LEED Certification Thesis Master's Thesis Abu Dhabi Resource efficiency Building Energy Certificates BREEAM Zero-energy buildings Masdar City Green Building Certification Estidama Abu Dhabi Education Council Abu Dhabi Urban Planning Council Urban Planning Council

This briefing paper describes the aspirations and sustainable strategies in the development of the new
Norwich Research Park Enterprise Centre (NRPEC) at the University of East Anglia (UEA). It aims to
share the knowledge and challenges at the early stage of this project.

Recognizing the interdependence between the natural habitat and its inhabitants the restorative agenda seeks to identify and restore the diminishing balances, resuscitating the lost harmony of humans with natural systems through ecologically responsible design. The restorative framework deems that the next era in urban evolution will inevitably be one of restoration where the primary objectives in development transcends beyond the concerns of mere sustainability, and into those of environmental repair and rehabilitations. Therefore, the conceptual framework of restorative urban design (RUD) methodology is firmly embedded in that of environmental restoration rather than sustainability and regeneration. Moving beyond the mindset of sustainability and regeneration, and entering into the paradigm of comprehensive environmental restoration requires a simple – but rather sobering – realization that significant degradation, deterioration, and depletion in the natural environment have already taken place. Deterioration in many environment aspects is simply beyond regenerative capabilities of nature.

Yeşil bina değerlendirme sistemleri, Türkiye’de son birkaç yılda gündeme gelmeye başlamış, hızla gelişmekte olan bir piyasaya sahip bir konudur. Şu anda Türkiye’nin yerel bir değerlendirme sistemi yoktur ve bina sahipleri, yabancı sistemleri kullanarak binalarını sertifikalandırmayı tercih etmektedirler. Değerlendirme sistemlerinin bilinirliğinin artması, yerel bir değerlendirme sisteminin ihtiyacının farkına varılmasını beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu doğrultuda ÇEDBİK, bir Türk yeşil bina değerlendirme sisteminin oluşturulması için çalışmalara başlamıştır.

Ülkeler, kendi değerlendirme sistemlerini geliştirirken tecrübeli olan diğer sistemlerden yararlanırlar. Pek çok ülkenin yeşil bina konseyi mevcut sistemleri inceleyip kendi yerel durumlarına adapte etmeyi tercih eder. ÇEDBİK de benzer bir yöntemle BRE Global-ÇEDBİK ortak adaptasyon çalışması ile BREEAM’i Türkiye koşullarına göre adapte ederek ulusal bir yeşil bina değerlendirme sistemi yaratmak hedeflenmektedir.

Bu çalışma, bahsi geçtiği üzere henüz oluşturulma aşamasında olan yerel bir değerlendirme sisteminin malzeme kategorisinde ele alınması gereken konuları belirlemeyi, bu konuların puanlamaya tabi tutulabilmesi için referans gösterilecek mevcut yasal dokümanları incelemeyi, eksik dokümanlara dikkat çekmeyi hedeflemektedir. Özellikle malzeme konusunun seçilme sebebi, yapı malzemelerinin binanın yaşam döngüsüne, hatta binanın inşa edilmesinden önceki zaman periyodlarına yayılan bir çevresel etki yaratmasıdır.

Bu inceleme çalışması için yalnızca BREEAM değil, LEED de kaynak olarak kullanılmıştır. Her iki sistemin malzeme kategorileri altında yer alan kredilerin yanısıra, yapı malzemeleriyle ilişkili olduğu düşünülen fakat farklı kategorilerde bulunan kriterler de incelenmiştir.

Çalışmanın sonunda, incelenen her iki sistemin güçlü ve zayıf yanları, BREEAM adaptasyonu ile sınırlı kalındığı takdirde Türk yeşil bina değerlendirme sisteminin malzeme kategorisinde oluşacak eksiklikler belirtilerek, konuyla ilgili alınabilecek önlemler önerilmiştir. Bu öneriler yapılırken, Türkiye’nin konularla ilgili mevcut yasal altyapısı göz önünde bulundurulmuştur.

Neighborhood sustainability assessment tools have become widespread since the turn of 21st century and many communities, mainly in the developed world, are utilizing these tools to measure their success in approaching sustainable development goals. In this study, seven tools from Australia, Europe, Japan, and the United States are selected and analyzed with the aim of providing insights into the current situations; highlighting the strengths, weaknesses, successes, and failures; and making recommendations for future improvements. Using a content analysis, the issues of sustainability coverage, pre-requisites, local adaptability, scoring and weighting, participation, reporting, and applicability are discussed in this paper. The results of this study indicate that most of the tools are not doing well regarding the coverage of social, economic, and institutional aspects of sustainability; there are ambiguities and shortcomings in the weighting, scoring, and rating; in most cases, there is no mechanism for local adaptability and participation; and, only those tools which are embedded within the broader planning framework are doing well with regard to applicability.

"As the building blocks of cities, neighborhoods play a major role in helping to achieve global sustainability. In the past decade, several assessment tools worldwide have been developed to evaluate the effectiveness of the increasing number of neighborhood (re)development plans. While there is a plethora of research investigating various aspects of building assessment tools, until now little studies have looked at the empirical aspects of neighborhood sustainability assessment. To address this lacuna in literature, this study explores the uptake of sustainability criteria in projects certified under neighborhood sustainability assessment tools. In addition, it examines three cases from the US, the UK, and Japan that have been highly ranked under LEED-ND, BREEAM Communities, and CASBEE-UD, respectively. This is done through investigating compliance of each case with the principles of sustainable development. Furthermore, a series of comparative case studies are undertaken to evaluate each case using assessment tools other than the ones that have, in reality, been used for certifying the selected developments. In addition to highlighting strengths and weaknesses of each development, results show that social, economic, and institutional aspects are not adequately accounted for in theory and practice. Practice of neighborhood sustainability assessment is, to a large extent, market-driven and characterized by the dominance of the environmental aspects of sustainability. Also, results indicate that assessment tools can co-evolve through learning from their successes and failures. Results of this study can be used for optimizing the assessment tools.
"

The UK government has set stringent targets to reduce carbon impacts from the built environment sector in order to combat climate change. To attain these targets, all the buildings built beyond 2016 have to be ‘zero carbon’ buildings.  At the same time Energy Performance Building Directive (EPBD) proposes to produce ‘nearly zero energy’ buildings by 2020 driving the need to look at energy efficient means to improve energy performance of the dwellings. This paper investigates the underlying relation between zero carbon buildings and zero energy buildings. The analysis is based on two different approaches, ultra low energy efficient Passivhaus Standard and the Fabric Energy Efficiency Standard (FEES) proposed by Zero Carbon Hub (ZCH) and Community and local Government (CLG). In a conducted case study, using the Passive House Planning Package (PHPP) and the Government’s Standard Assessment Procedure (SAP2009), an attempt was made to understand the underlying assumptions and differences between these two tools and findings of the comparative study are presented in this study. The results from the analysis provide a probable estimation of real world carbon emission and energy consumption for the domestic dwellings and show that our ‘zero carbon’ buildings are not inherently ‘zero energy’ buildings.

Kentsel dönüşüm eylemine ilk kez gelişmiş Batı ülkelerinde rastlanmaktadır. Özellikle İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonunda yaygın biçimde yenileme odaklı kullanılan Kentsel Dönüşüm sonraki dönemlerde değişen gereksinimlere uygun olarak, canlandırma, iyileştirme, sağlıklaştırma ve koruma gibi amaçlar için, günümüzde ise ağırlıklı olarak yoksul mahallelerde ya da işlevini kaybetmiş alanlarda ekonomik ve fiziksel gelişimi sağlamak üzere kullanılmaya başlanmıştır.

There are many tools used to guide one to build and operate an actual green building. Green building certification systems such as LEED, BREEAM; energy performance certificates and computer aided simulation tools such as EnergyPlus, ESP-r, DOE2 or TRNSYS. All three tools cover different parts of guidance to design and operation of a green building: Simulation software helps to evaluate building’s energy performance, energy performance certificates use software tools’ results to declare a building’s energy performance to public, and certification systems expand the investigation further and require more input about the building, but embrace the outputs of simulation software in energy performance related modules of the whole system.

As energy performance certificates became mandatory, European countries had to develop their national calculation methodologies to simulate the building’s energy performance. Turkey recently developed a national calculation methodology and its software. Meanwhile, extending the encouragement for green building practices, Turkish Green Building Association is working with BRE to forge BREEAM-Turkey. As explained, seem different as they may, both two studies are connected and should be integrated.

In this article examined are the possibilities of the use of BEP-TR in energy modelling modules of BREEAM-Turkey.

The aim of the paper is to reveal the relationship between building performance simulation and building assessment systems as a performance indicator. The paper is part of an ongoing research project on developing a guideline for effective use of building performance simulation in design towards high performance buildings. The description of high performance buildings will be interpreted as sustainable (green) buildings and the assessment criteria of the level of performance will be evaluated by building assessment (rating) systems. The rating systems' expectations are nearly the same based on global benefits, but vary depends on the stage where they are going to be questioned during design process. Thus, the paper will describe both the design process stages and the stakeholders as decision takers who affect the future performance of the building. By analysing current rating systems as a performance indicator, the available information necessary for assessment during design process will reveal the possibilities (potential?) of using building performance simulation as a support tool for getting high performance buildings.

The use of sustainable assessment tools has become widespread during the turn of the 21 st century. Since the economic downturn in 2004, many cities in Asia Pacific became aware of the impact unsustainable development has on their economic growth. With the growing influence of assessment tools, most of Asia's newly established green building council believe in the use of assessment tools to help guide their cities towards sustainability and encourage its market towards "green" design. Today, the two commonly found assessment tools are the building assessment tool and the neighbourhood assessment tool.

Temat redukcji zużycia wody przeznaczonej do spożycia przez ludzi pojawia się przy wprowadzaniu wymagań certyfikacji wielokryterialnych. Certyfikacje determinują bowiem wprowadzenie wymaganych zapisów do projektu, dobór wydajnych urządzeń sanitarnych, analizę zapotrzebowania oraz zużycia wody. Wszystkie systemy zawierają osobne kategorie poświęcone wodzie, która traktowana jest równorzędnie z tematem energii, terenów zewnętrznych oraz materiałów i jakości powietrza wewnętrznego.

Küresel ısınma, susuzluk, çevre kirliliği ve doğal kaynakların hızla tüketilmesi yapı sektöründe çevre dostu, ekolojik binaların yapılmasını gündeme getirmiştir. Çevre dostu bina yapımına ilgi giderek artarken yeşil bina olarak tabir edilen yapılar ortaya çıkmıştır. Yeşil binalar, binaların çevre ve insan sağlığı üzerindeki etkilerini göz önünde bulunduran ileri teknoloji gayrimenkullerdir. Günümüzde sürdürülebilir, ekolojik ve çevre dostu binalar denilince karşımıza yeşil binalar çıkmaktadır. Yeşil binalar, yapının arazi seçimiyle başlayan, yaşam döngüsü çerçevesinde değerlendirilen, bütüncül bir anlayışla, sosyal ve çevresel sorumluluk bilinciyle tasarlanan, iklim özelliklerine ve arazi koşullarına uygun, ihtiyaç kadar tüketen, yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarına yönelmiş, doğal malzemelerin kullanıldığı, ekosistemlere duyarlı ve sürdürülebilir yapılar olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Yeşil binaların sayılarının giderek artması ile birlikte standartlaşma ve sertifikalandırma çalışmaları başlamıştır. Sertifika sistemleri, genel ve geçerli ölçme standartları oluşturarak yeşil binayı tanımlamak, yeşil binanın yararları konusunda tüketici bilincini artırmak ve binalarda bir dönüşüm gerçekleştirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada yeşil bina kavramı taşınmaz geliştirme açısından ele alınmıştır. Bu kapsamda; taşınmaz geliştirme ve çeşitleri, sürdürülebilirlik, ekoloji ve yeşil bina kavramları açıklanarak birbirleriyle olan ilişkileri tartışılmıştır.

Describes the sustainability strategies of the University College London Hospitals (UCLH) NHS Foundation Trust, aiming to share the knowledge and successes of implementing these in its healthcare premises. Structured around the five key themes; waste, procurement, energy, travel and water, with community engagement as an overarching principle that underpins each of these themes.

As the sources of most significant environmental problems are concentrated within heavily populated urbanized areas, so are the most potent solutions. In this sense, key areas for the necessary environmental rehabilitation are the urban areas. An urban planning and design model, based on natural, living ecosystems, must be developed to achieve environmentally benign modes of energy generation, food production, and transportation. Urban environments, primarily created by sterile and nonliving industrialized technologies, must responsibly reintegrate with the living elements of Nature to help reestablish the stability of a healthy biosphere.

Sustainability  introduces  new  goals  in  building  design  and  requires  new  skills  and  project
management  methods.  These  include  environmental  assessment  methods,  the  choice  and  use of  which  often  has  a  marked  impact  on  the  outcome.  Comparing  the  use  in  practice  of  the French  evaluation  system  HQE  and  that  most  often  used  in  Britain,  BREEAM,  permits  the
identification of shared trends in these two countries but also suggests that one of the reasons
for  a  variety  of  outcomes  lies  in  the  structure  of  these  assessment  methods.  To  some  extent,
these depend, too, on national traditions of development, and of governance. 
After a description of the differences in context, the chapter reports case studies of a number
of construction projects in France and in the Southwest of Great Britain. The cases illustrate
the impact of introducing Environmental Evaluation methods while taking account of the fact
that bringing Sustainable Development into play differs between the two countries. The two
groups of cases, taken together, suggest that the initial goals of a development team cannot be
maintained throughout a project without compromises to meet the needs of local communities
and politicians. In addition, they suggest that the new roles to be played by the various
professions are especially problematic for architects and engineers. To some extent the
outcomes differ from country to country because of the different frameworks of professional
responsibility.

The shifting from sustainable or green design goals to regenerative or restorative ones implies conceptual and practical changes, along with defining the role of tools to support such a transition in a timely manner. Cole (2012) argues despite widespread concern regarding the rate of global environmental degradation and the need for concerted response (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005; Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2007) "what remains unclear is the time frame(s) over which such a widespread shift could reasonably be expected to occur. And, within this discussion, does a regenerative approach offer greater potency in initiating the necessary change in shorter time frames than current green design?" (p. 50).

In the UK, over 40% of energy consumption is building related. The energy used in homes alone is
responsible for more than a quarter of CO2 emissions. CO2 is the main greenhouse gas and the most
significant cause of climate change. Most of the energy used in homes is produced using processes that
release CO2 into the air. Studies have found that a building’s energy use for space heating is
significantly influenced by occupant’s behaviour such as the opening of windows and the selected
thermostat setting. This influence is greater in energy efficient dwellings designed for low energy use.
The aim of this paper is to facilitate a better understanding of how occupant behaviour may effect
ventilation within Passivhaus buildings in particular.

The demand for sustainable buildings is increasing driven in part by legislation, rising energy costs and growing environmental concerns amongst consumers. As a result clients and developers are increasingly seeking to incorporate environmental attributes into buildings and demonstrate these sustainability credentials by certifying a development using an environmental assessment methodology such as BREEAM or LEED. One of the major issues in delivering sustainable buildings is ensuring that measures incorporated into a building at design stage are translated into action during building construction. This disconnect between design and construction phases of a project often results in the need to undertake costly remedial measures to achieve a targeted sustainability rating, or the building failing the assessment. This paper suggests that by integrating BIM with Environmental Assessment Methodologies decisions made with regard to sustainability attributes at the design stage can be cle...

As a result of the depletion of natural resources, the destruction of green, the damage of the ecosystem, and having less habitable areas each passing day, the concept of sustainability has become an important parameter at every stage in the architecture field, from decisions related to planning and design to practice of those. All these reasons have led the way to establish green building standards and green building certification systems to reduce the negative implications of buildings on the natural environment through sustainable design. Today, green building evaluation systems have some practical problems. Recently, the increase in the tendency towards making green buildings with the purpose of advertising through the effective use of social media channels and the transformation of tendency into green building sector itself and into greenwashing strategies is the most important discussion point of the study. In the study, the concepts of sustainability, green building and green building certification systems were examined in detail, green building projects and certification systems that claim sustainability were discussed, and a theoretical perspective on green building certification systems as a greenwashing strategy in the field of architecture was introduced by referring to the evolution of environmental activist movements. Within the scope of this study, it was aimed to measure the consistency of the criteria of the green building evaluation systems that evaluate the green status of buildings on certain criteria such as LEED and BREEAM, which are becoming widespread on a global scale, by examining these systems in detail.

Despite the tangible contributions of the construction industry to social development and economic growth, it is known for its natural resources overconsumption and solid waste (SW) generation both of which have major negative impacts on the natural environment. In the particular case of materials waste, the construction industry worldwide accounts for about 50% of global annual generated SW. In addition, construction materials may contribute up to 50% of the total project cost. Accordingly, the negative implications of the construction industry have compelled many nations to develop green building rating systems in order to preserve the environment, promote the economic efficiency of using resources, and enhance the quality of citizens' lives which are necessary aspects for achieving the triple bottom line (TBL) of sustainability. Recently, Egypt developed the Green Pyramid Rating System (GPRS) in its first version in 2011. Through investigating the GPRS and especially its Materials and Resources (M&R) category, some shortcomings were identified. Towards improving the GPRS, this paper aims to investigate the GPRS and compare it with its peers BREEAM and LEED with a special focus on M&R category. The

Existing indicators for sustainable urban devel-opment do not identify the features of cities’ plan-ning structures and their architecture. This article tries to identify the most important sustainability rating systems for evaluating level of city' planning structure development.

Vanuit de opleiding MSc Executive MBA is bij Marku Bouw een onderzoek verricht naar vastgoedwaarden vanuit een “klantwaarden perspectief”. Marku Bouw is een ontwikkelend bouwbedrijf welke actief is in de utiliteitsbouw, de betonsector en de vastgoedzorg. Zij is voornemens de verschillende bedrijfsactiviteiten samen te voegen tot een bouwconcept waarmee zij zich onderscheidend kan profileren. Het onderzoek richt zich op de mogelijkheden welke Marku Bouw kan bieden en welke vastgoedwaarden Marku Bouw in kan zetten als klantwaarden.

Merkbaar is dat de van oorsprong erg traditionele bouwsector in beweging is. Daarbij blijkt dat de context sterk geïnstitutionaliseerd is door onder andere wettelijke regels en stimuleringsmaatregelen. Er zijn diverse beoordelingssystematieken voor vastgoed ontwikkeld welke veelal van materiele aard zijn en in mindere mate gericht op de gebruiker. Gelet op de klantgroep van Marku Bouw zijn gemiddeld genomen de personeelskosten goed voor ongeveer 90% van de operationele kosten binnen een onderneming. De kosten voor het vastgoed circa 10% waarvan ongeveer 1% energiekosten. Bestaand onderzoek heeft uitgewezen dat de gebouwde omgeving grote invloed heeft op de productiviteit en gezondheid van de gebruiker (personeel) en de onderneming. Voor de klant van Marku Bouw is de gebruikersfase van het vastgoed van belang. Met deze achtergrond heeft dit geresulteerd in de onderzoeksvraag “Op welke wijze kan Marku Bouw zich positioneren om duurzame waarde te creëren voor haar klanten vanuit een “Value-in-Use” perspectief?”.

Duurzame waarde wordt hierin bepaald door drie componenten: kwaliteit van het product of de dienst, de beoordeling van de klant en tot slot de kwaliteit van het product in gebruik. De kwaliteit van het product of de dienst wordt bepaald door de directe economische belangen maar ook de ecologische- en sociale belangen. De positionering is afhankelijk van de integrale beoordeling van deze componenten en de kwaliteit van de relatie tussen de klant en de leverancier. Om antwoord te krijgen op de onderzoeksvraag is een conceptueel model ontwikkeld waarmee op een integrale wijze doelen kunnen worden bepaald als uitgangspunten voor duurzame waarde creatie en positionering in vastgoed. Als basis is hiervoor het conceptueel model voor klantbeoordeling van Macdonald et al (2011) gebruikt. 

Om daadwerkelijk de Value-in-Use (kwaliteit van het product in gebruik) beantwoord te krijgen is een exploratief onderzoek uitgevoerd naar de beoordeling van de klant (op het gehele proces). Door middel van een diagram techniek zijn half gestructureerde interviews afgelegd bij 8 klanten van Marku Bouw. Tijdens de interviews is gezocht naar negatieve invloeden met betrekking tot kwalitatieve criteria als eerste lijn variabelen. Door middel van doorvragen is per onderwerp dieper ingegaan in hoeverre er sprake zou zijn van een economische-, ecologische- of sociale waarde. Maar ook of het een oordeel betrof over het product, de (bijbehorende) dienst en/of de relatie tussen de klant en de leverancier.

Voor de beoordeling van de klant is gebruik gemaakt van de 8 primaire uitgangspunten voor het ontwikkelen van klantenwaarden (Vargo & Lusch, 2004). Hierbij is onderzocht in hoeverre de uitgangspunten van toepassing zijn op de verschillende kwalitatieve uitgangspunten. Door de integrale beoordelingssystematiek ontstaat een verzadigd beeld van de daadwerkelijke beoordeling van de klant. Vanuit de beoordelingssystematiek zijn samen met de belangrijkste opmerkingen van de klant 4 doelen bepaald welke als uitgangspunten kunnen dienen waaraan het bouwconcept van Marku Bouw zou moeten voldoen.

 
Een belangrijke conclusie welke mag worden getrokken is dat met betrekking tot de gebouwde omgeving daadwerkelijk de focus moet liggen op de immateriële aard van het vastgoed. Een fundamenteel uitgangspunt hierbij is dat Marku Bouw haar kennis op het gebied van vastgoed meer moet inzetten. Van belang is dat de onderneming haar kennis uitwisselt met de klant en samen met de klant vorm geeft aan een propositie. 

Echter de voornemens van Marku Bouw om verschillende bedrijfsactiviteiten samen te voegen tot een bouwconcept betreft een strategiewijziging van de onderneming. Gelet op de risico’s en omvang van het veranderingsproces is het mogelijk raadzaam het concept met bijbehorende businessmodel naast het huidige model op te zetten.

Algemeen toepasbaar model
Het onderzoek heeft uitgewezen dat de bestaande theorieën met betrekking tot klantwaarde beoordeling (E.K. Macdonald et al., 2009 en 2011), de primaire uitgangspunten (Vargo & Lusch, 2004) en kwalitatieve waarden in vastgoed (CSBE) samengebracht kunnen worden in een conceptueel model voor de bepaling van klantwaarden (bij vastgoed) in gebruik.

The demand for sustainable buildings is increasing driven in part by legislation, rising energy costs and growing environmental concerns amongst consumers. As a result clients and developers are increasingly seeking to incorporate environmental attributes into buildings and demonstrate these sustainability credentials by certifying a development using an environmental assessment methodology such as BREEAM or LEED. One of the major issues in delivering sustainable buildings is ensuring that measures incorporated into a building at design stage are translated into action during building construction. This disconnect between design and construction phases of a project often results in the need to undertake costly remedial measures to achieve a targeted sustainability rating, or the building failing the assessment. This paper suggests that by integrating BIM with Environmental Assessment Methodologies decisions made with regard to sustainability attributes at the design stage can be clearly communicated and understood by all involved in the buildings specification and construction. It introduces a conceptual framework that seeks to define the relationship between BIM and EAMs.

The greatest challenges of the 21st century will presumably require tremendous shifts in the way cities, neighborhoods and buildings are formed, designed and shaped. While the regulations and constrains predicated primarily by environmental concerns steadily rise the role of planners, urban designers, architects and engineers in shaping metropolitan cities and urban areas of the future will, more than likely, remain in the forefront of providing unparalleled vision and innovation.

There is now a substantial body of evidence suggesting that climate change is occurring as a result of human activities. Bottomup approaches have been encouraged to enhance sustainability agenda. Assessment methods have been developed to ensure an incessant decrease in carbon footprint of buildings. It has long been discussed that many of such assessment methods systematically lack dedicated criteria to assess building beyond its physical boundaries. This paper focuses on Code for Sustainable Homes (CSH) and attempts to map it against LEED and CASBEE with an aim to encourage assessment beyond physical boundaries of a building and into its immediate context and surrounding environment. A critical review of the latest literature was conducted to establish the general concepts and principles behind the CSH's method of assessment in comparison with CASBEE and LEED. Following this, differences, positive and negative aspects of the three assessment method were established through in-depth review of their official documents and by cross-referencing the different components, methodologies and assessment criteria of each. This led to a comparative analysis using a critical evaluation of findings of The Building Environmental Quality Evaluation for Sustainability through Time (BEQUEST), The European Sustainable Development Strategy (ESDS) and The Freiburg Charter (FC). Expert interviews were conducted to consolidate the findings of this study. This added technical in-depth expert opinions to the preliminary findings of this research and helped pave the way for providing practical suggestions for possible areas of improvement for the CSH.

This manuscript will introduce a set of analysis established for the sake of design changes of a customary swimming pool and leisure facility. The classification of design changes are manipulated by The Green Guide for Specifications and BREEAM in terms of materials used in construction

The demand for sustainable buildings is increasing driven in part by legislation, rising energy costs and growing environmental concerns amongst consumers. As a result clients and developers are increasingly seeking to incorporate environmental attributes into buildings and demonstrate these sustainability credentials by certifying a development using an environmental assessment methodology such as BREEAM or LEED. One of the major issues in delivering sustainable buildings is ensuring that measures incorporated into a ...

Urban sustainability certification (USC) systems comprehensively assess and benchmark the sustainability of neighborhoods, communities, etc. However, it is important to understand what USCs mean by neighborhoods and communities in terms of definition and their certified developments' size. This study focuses on sustainable transportation and its measures in USCs in order to discern: how relevant are these measures to the varied local conditions, especially in developing countries? And whether they can generate palpable benefits vis-à-vis the certified developments' site areas. Taking descriptive analysis methods, this study focuses on four prominent USCs, namely, LEED for Neighborhood Development, BREEAM Communities, CASBEE for Urban Development, and The Pearl Community Rating System. The four USCs prescribed multiple measures for sustainable transportation, particularly in favor of active transportation and public transportation. However, the relatively small size of their ...

This research investigates the use of Building Energy Performance Simulation (BEPS) tools in the early stages of building design in UK architectural practices with a particular focus on the barriers and opportunities to their effective application and further uptake. Two primary methods of investigation were undertaken; the first was a wide survey among UK architects and architectural practices, where the responses of 418 participants were electronically gathered and analysed. A deeper understanding of the issues was developed through an analysis of the process of low-energy building design using semi-structured interviews with six representatives of well-established architectural practices in the UK. The findings reveal that while there is an increasing understanding of the importance of BEPS involvement at the early design stages, there was limited evidence of actual early implementation of BEPS tools other than a few well known but specialised tools such as Passive House Planning Package (PHPP) which were used mainly for domestic energy performance evaluation. However, many practices surveyed showed interest in achieving higher standards than the "basic" regulatory backstops, which has resulted in Passive House and BREEAM seeing increasing use in domestic and non-domestic projects respectively. Although there has been a significant increase in the development and availability of tools and methodologies for assessing building energy performance our study shows that the focus for future research needs to be shifted from the "tool development" to looking at methods of implementing and using such tools in practice at the early design stages.