Beyond the Standard Model Physics

The charged quantum geometry of mass-ENERGY-Matter - developed from the foundational postulate that quantised angular momenta of Planck's constant is in fact reflective of an equilateral mass-energy geometry from which all 2d immaterial EM fields and 3D material particles are created.

This work examines the finite temperature properties of the CPT-even and parity-odd electrodynamics of the standard model extension. We start from the partition function written into the functional integral formalism in Ref. . After specializing the Lorentz-violating tensor Wανρϕ for the nonbirefringent and parity-odd coefficients, the partition function is explicitly carry out, showing that it is a power of the Maxwell's partition function. Also, it is observed that the LIV coefficients induce an anisotropy in the black body angular energy density distribution. The Planck's radiation law retains its usual frequency dependence and the Stefan-Boltzmann law keeps the same form, except for a global proportionality constant.

The Standard Model relies heavily on virtual particles to provide mechanisms via which the four fundamental forces of nature are engendered. Furthermore the existence of virtual particles themselves are totally reliant on the validity of Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle.
This paper studies the validity of this relationship and finds a paradox which strongly suggests that virtual particles can have no role in creating forces by acting as exchange particles.

We present the mini-proceedings of the workshop on ``Photoproduction at collider energies: from RHIC and HERA to the LHC'' held at the European Centre for Theoretical Studies in Nuclear Physics and Related Areas (ECT*, Trento) from January 15 to 19, 2007. The workshop gathered both theorists and experimentalists to discuss the current status of investigations of high-energy photon-induced processes at

Dans la théorie du “réseau cosmologique” qui est présentée dans ce livre, le problème de l’unification des théories physiques et de la recherche d’une Théorie du Tout est traité d’une manière radicalement différente des autres approches de la littérature. Au lieu d’essayer de construire une théorie unifiée en bricolant un assemblage de théories existantes, en les rendant de plus en plus complexes et ésotériques, en ajoutant même d’étranges symétries et des dimensions supplémentaires pour leur “beauté mathématique”, on part exclusivement des concepts classiques les plus fondamentaux de la physique, qui sont l’équation de Newton et les deux premiers principes de la thermodynamique. Et à l’aide de ces principes fondamentaux, et en développant une géométrie originale basée sur les coordonnées d’Euler, on en vient, par un cheminement purement logique et déductif, à suggérer que l’Univers pourrait être un cristal, un réseau cubique tridimensionnel élastique et massif, et que les éléments constitutifs de la Matière Ordinaire pourraient être des singularités topologiques de ce réseau cristallin. Sur la base de ce concept original, on peut développer une description très complète de l’évolution spatio-temporelle de ce réseau cubique solide, que l’on appelle le “réseau cosmologique”, en introduisant dans un espace absolu infini un observateur purement imaginaire appelé le Grand Observateur GO. Si cet observateur est équipé d’un système de référence composé d’un référentiel euclidien absolu orthonormé pour localiser les points du réseau solide et d’une horloge absolue pour mesurer l’évolution temporelle du réseau solide dans l’espace absolu, une description très détaillée de l’évolution spatio-temporelle du réseau peut être élaborée sur la base du système de coordonnées d’Euler. Dans ce système de coordonnées, le Grand Observateur GO peut décrire de manière très détaillée les distorsions (rotations et déformations) et les contorsions (flexion et torsion) du réseau. En introduisant les principes physiques de base de la dynamique newtonienne et des deux principes de la thermodynamique, il est capable de décrire l’évolution spatio-temporelle du réseau cosmologique, en lui attribuant une masse d’inertie par cellules de base et une énergie interne spécifique de distorsion par unité de volume du réseau. Et il peut également introduire des singularités topologiques (dislocations, désinclinaisons et dispirations) sous forme de boucles fermées dans ce réseau cosmologique, en tant qu’éléments constitutifs de la matière ordinaire. Lorsque cette idée originale est développée en détail, il peut être démontré, par un cheminement mathématique purement logique et déductif, que, pour un réseau isotrope élastique satisfaisant à la loi de Newton, avec des hypothèses spécifiques sur ses propriétés élastiques, le comportement de ce réseau et ses singularités topologiques satisfont “toute” la physique actuellement connue, en faisant spontanément ressortir des analogies très fortes et souvent parfaites avec toutes les grandes théories physiques actuelles du macrocosme et du microcosme, telles que les équations de Maxwell, la relativité spéciale, la gravitation newtonienne, la relativité générale, la cosmologie moderne et la physique quantique. Mais cette théorie ne se contente pas de trouver des analogies avec les autres théories de la physique, elle propose également des explications assez originales, nouvelles et simples à de nombreux phénomènes physiques qui sont encore assez obscurs et mal compris à l’heure actuelle par la physique, comme la signification profonde et l’interprétation physique de l’expansion cosmologique, l’électromagnétisme, la relativité spéciale, la relativité générale, la physique quantique et le spin des particules. Il offre également des explications nouvelles et simples de la décohérence quantique (la limite de passage entre un comportement classique et un comportement quantique d’un objet), de l’énergie sombre, de la matière noire, des trous noirs, et de nombreux autres phénomènes. Le développement détaillé de cette théorie conduit également à des idées et des prédictions très innovantes, parmi lesquelles la plus importante est l’apparition de la charge de courbure, qui est une conséquence inévitable du traitement d’un réseau solide et de ses singularités topologiques en coordonnées d’Euler. Ce concept n’apparaît pas du tout dans toutes les théories modernes de la physique, telles que la relativité générale, la physique quantique ou le modèle standard, alors que dans notre théorie, ce concept fournit des explications pour de nombreux points obscurs de ces théories, tels que la force faible, l’asymétrie matière-antimatière, la formation des galaxies, la ségrégation entre matière et antimatière au sein des galaxies, la formation de trous noirs gigantesques au cœur des galaxies, la disparition apparente de l’antimatière dans l’Univers, la formation d’étoiles à neutrons, le concept de matière noire, la nature bosonique ou fermionique des particules, etc. Enfin, l’étude de réseaux présentant des symétries spéciales appelées symétries axiales, symboliquement représentées par des réseaux cubiques 3D “colorés”, nous permet d’identifier une étonnante structure de réseau dont les singularités topologiques bouclées coïncident parfaitement avec la zoologie complexe de toutes les particules élémentaires du Modèle Standard, et qui nous permet également de trouver des explications physiques simples aux forces faibles et fortes du Modèle Standard, y compris les phénomènes de confinement et de liberté asymptotique.

This paper summarizes how a new approach to the Universe based on the existence of a "crystalline ether", which has recently been detailed in the third versions of two books [1], makes it possible to find a simple, unified and coherent explanation of all the theories of modern physics and of the Universe. The basic concepts of this approach can be summarized as follows: (i) the support of the Universe is a form of "crystalline ether" which consists of a solid and massive lattice, of facecentered cubic structure, with the simplest possible elasticity, and in which matter is represented by the set of topological singularities of this lattice (loops of dislocations, disinclinations and dispirations), and (ii) this lattice exclusively satisfies, in absolute space, the basic classical physical concepts that are Newton's law and the two principles of thermodynamics. With these basic classical concepts alone, we show that it is possible to find all the modern theories of physics, namely that the behaviors of this lattice (the Universe) and its topological singularities (the Matter) satisfy electromagnetism, special relativity, general relativity, gravitation, quantum physics, cosmology and even the standard model of elementary particles.

A superluminal quantum-vortex model of the electron and the positron is produced from a superluminal double-helix model of the photon during electron-positron pair production. The two oppositely-charged (with Q = ±e sqrt (2/α) = 16.6e) open-helix spin-½ half-photons compose the double-helix photon. These half-photons separate and curl up their separated superluminal single-helical trajectories to form an electrically-charged superluminal closed-helix spin-½ quantum-vortex electron model and a corresponding positron model. The helical radius and the Dirac equation's zitterbewegung angular frequency of the quantum vortex electron and positron models equal the helical radius and zitterbewegung angular frequency of the two spin-½ half-photons, each of energy E = mc^2 , that composed the double-helix photon model of energy E = 2mc^2 from which the electron and positron models were produced. The photon and electron models are also compatible when a photon of energy E > 2mc^2 produces a relativistic electron-positron pair. Implications of the quantum vortex electron model for electron stability are discussed.

Space-based experiments today can uniquely address important questions related to the fundamental laws of Nature. In particular, high-accuracy physics experiments in space can test relativistic gravity and probe the physics beyond the Standard Model; they can perform direct detection of gravitational waves and are naturally suited for precision investigations in cosmology and astroparticle physics. In addition, atomic physics has recently shown substantial progress in the development of optical clocks and atom interferometers. If placed in space, these instruments could turn into powerful high-resolution quantum sensors greatly benefiting fundamental physics. We discuss the current status of space-based research in fundamental physics, its discovery potential, and its importance for modern science. We offer a set of recommendations to be considered by the upcoming National Academy of Sciences' Decadal Survey in Astronomy and Astrophysics. In our opinion, the Decadal Survey shoul...

Dans cette brève communication, nous résumons comment une nouvelle approche de l’Univers, qui a été récemment exposée en détail dans deux livres, permet de trouver une explication simple, unifiée et cohérente de l’ensemble des théories de la physique moderne.
Les concepts de base de cette approche peuvent se résumer simplement de la manière suivante: (i) le support de l’Univers est une forme d’«éther» qui consiste en un réseau solide et massif, avec une élasticité la plus simple possible, et dans lequel la matière est représentée par l'ensemble des singularités topologiques de ce réseau (boucles de dislocations, de disclinaisons et de dispirations), et (ii) ce réseau satisfait exclusivement, dans l'espace absolu, les concepts physiques classiques de base que sont la loi de Newton et les deux principes de la thermodynamique.
Avec ces seuls concepts de base tout-à-fait classiques, on retrouve toutes les théories modernes de la physique, à savoir que les comportements de ce réseau (l’Univers) et de ses singularités topologiques (la Matière) satisfont à l’électromagnétisme, la relativité spéciale, la relativité générale, la gravitation, la physique quantique, la cosmologie et même le modèle standard des particules élémentaires.

Ce papier résume comment une nouvelle approche de l’Univers basée sur l’existence d’un «éther cristallin», qui a été récemment exposée en détail dans les troisièmes versions de deux livres [1], permet de trouver une explication simple, unifiée et cohérente de l’ensemble des théories de la physique moderne et de l’Univers. Les concepts de base de cette approche peuvent se résumer de la manière suivante: (i) le support de l’Univers est une forme d’«éther cristallin» qui consiste en un réseau solide et massif, de structure cubique à faces centrées, avec une élasticité la plus simple possible, et dans lequel la matière est représentée par l'ensemble des singularités topologiques de ce réseau (boucles de dislocations, de désinclinaisons et de dispirations), et (ii) ce réseau satisfait exclusivement, dans l'espace absolu, les concepts physiques classiques de base que sont la loi de Newton et les deux principes de la thermodynamique. Avec ces seuls concepts de base tout-à-fait classiques, on montre qu’il est possible de retrouver toutes les théories modernes de la physique, à savoir que les comportements de ce réseau (l’Univers) et de ses singularités topologiques (la Matière) satisfont à l’électromagnétisme, la relativité spéciale, la relativité générale, la gravitation, la physique quantique, la cosmologie et même le modèle standard des particules élémentaires.

The problems with the standard model and the current model of gravity , is unambiguously difficult to solve , Many models had an approach for a solution which is consistent with other areas of physics , but many has failed , string theory , which stems from other models such as Kaluza-Klein theory and Yang-Mills theories , could to some extent produce the results , one might expect from such model. The theory was developed by several people , mainly Leonard Susskind , Gabriele Veneziano , Yoichiro Nambu and many others , developed the theory for analysis of the interactions between nucleons .

This paper presents a low dimensional topological approach to the formation of different Quantum Particles by Geometric Quantization of the energy excited localized harmonic oscillation of the field. Establishing a single function for both Bosons and Fermions. Further derived, is the formulation for calculating physical properties, such as mass and size which coincides with the known experimental values. As a natural consequence, Strong and Weak nuclear forces manifest as higher order Electromagnetic force, moving closer towards unification and leading to possibilities for further higher order forces. Physical interpretation of De-Broglie Wavelength, Compton Wavelength, Wave-Particle Duality, Quantum Spin and particle’s internal structure are established along with explanation for phenomena like Quantum Locking and Neutrino Oscillation.

Starting with mathematics about one-dimensional patterns it was found a model for electric and magnetic fields and photons. The model contains two quanta only and make predicts about clusters from this two quanta. The model explains the nature of photon spin. Further more it postulates the reality of electric and magnetic field lines and their finiteness.

My essay is an attempt to answer the following : « Is the data economy, then, destined to benefit only a few elite firms? »
Apparently that would be the issue till now. What are available tools to avoid this false target ?
Copyright © 02/2022 Amin ELSALEH - N° de dépôt XVYPW3 3
Reference to my essay on Stochastic Models in particular the 1 section « Handling human social technical dimension; in particular man-system interface including positioning technology at man services » you may find guidelines to produce these tools and make BIG DATA exploitable by large majority of users :
1. Engine should trace “player” behaviour, evaluate its capabilities and quickly meet its needs.
2. Immersion generated by simulation enables training and experimentation of behaviour strategies, in particular learning “by doing”.
3. Engine should use following resources :
3.1. Tools to be customized by trainers.
3.2. Applied standards.
3.3. New learning approaches discovery through obtained results, whether these approaches are positive or negative, in the sense of improving technology performance of assembled prototypes.
4. How SPDF (Standard Process Description Format) may
produce a universal engine to run the stochastic model ?

The combination of many observations, including galactic rotation curves, gravitational lensing, the cosmic microwave background (CMB), and primordial light element abundances, cannot be explained without extending the Standard Model of particle physics. The simplest extensions involve dark matter (DM), composed of a new particle that may annihilate or decay to Standard Model particles detectable far from their source. Astroparticle experiments seek to discover the particle nature of DM and determine its properties indirectly through the detection of cosmic ray (CR), gamma ray, and neutrino signatures. Such work is complementary to direct and acceleratorbased searches. Accelerators may detect new candidate particles but cannot ascertain whether they form the DM. Direct and indirect detection experiments rely on different unknown properties of particle DM, so it is important to pursue both. DM searches with astroparticle data have the potential to determine the astrophysical distribution of the DM particles, which is not possible with the other methods. In this chapter a general overview of DM signatures is given; however, the subject has a large literature and it's impossible to cover it in entirety here. The approximate distribution of DM in our Universe can be deduced from its gravitational effects, but its nature and microphysical properties are still unknown. There are constraints on the properties of DM particle candidates that strongly favor or rule out various models. Nongravitational interactions between DM and Standard Model particles are highly constrained by the lack of observations of particle DM. This strongly disfavors DM that is electrically charged or interacts by the strong nuclear force. In addition, DM must clump gravitationally to form galaxies. This requires DM to be "cold", that is non-relativistic at the time of structure formation, or possibly "warm". In fact "hot" DM, that is relativistic during structure formation, cannot explain the ensemble of data. Within these constraints, the theoretically best-motivated candidates for a DM particle are a weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) or an axion. The axion was originally postulated as a solution to the strong CP problem (Peccei & Quinn, 1977; Wilczek, 1978; Weinberg, 1978). The reviews by Asztalos et al. [] and Kuster et al. [] discuss axion DM and cosmology, and we refer readers to that.

Ο Στέφανος Τραχανάς, πιστός στο διαφωτιστικό πρόγραμμα των Πανεπιστηµιακών Εκδόσεων Κρήτης που διευθύνει, θέλει µε το «Φάντασµα της Όπερας» να βοηθήσει στη γεφύρωση του χάσματος ανάμεσα στις «δύο κουλτούρες» – αυτή των θετικών επιστημών, ιδιαίτερα της φυσικής, και εκείνη των ανθρωπιστικών/κοινωνικών επιστημών. Ο προκλητικός τίτλος του βιβλίου του παραπέμπει στα δύο «φαντάσματα» που λειτουργούν στο υπόγειο του κόσµου και της κοινωνίας µας, όπως ο ήρωας των Γκαστόν Λερού - Άντριου Λόυντ Γουέµπερ δρούσε στα υπόγεια της φημισμένης παλιάς όπερας του Παρισιού, το Palais Garnier.

Με το βιβλίο του Κώστα Βαγιονάκη περνάμε σε προβληματισμούς για την εντελώς σύγχρονη φυσική, όπως διαμορφώθηκε κατά τη διάρκεια του20ού αιώνα, µε τη σχετικότητα και την κβαντομηχανική στο πρώτο του μισό, µε το Standard Model (Καθιερωμένο Πρότυπο) στο δεύτερο μισό, που είχε ως απροσδόκητο αποτέλεσμα τη σύζευξη µμικρόκοσμου και μακρόκοσμου, της φυσικής των στοιχειωδών σωματιδίων και της κοσμολογίας, και καθοδήγησε µμεθοδολογικά την απόπειρα να ενοποιηθούν οι θεμελιώδεις φυσικές δυνάμεις.

...Υπάρχουν πολλές διασυνδέσεις μεταξύ φυσικής και θεωρίας πληροφοριών, ειδικά στο πολύ πρόσφατο αντικείμενο των κβαντικών υπολογιστών, αλλά µου φαίνεται πως η κοινότητα των φυσικών είναι επιφυλακτική απέναντι στις προσπάθειες ενοποίησης. Αν επιτρέπεται οι αναγνώστες έγκυρων εκλαϊκευτικών έργων να έχουν γνώμη, εμένα µου φαίνεται πως η Μεγάλη Ενοποίηση που πρέπει να περιμένουμε είναι αυτή της Φυσικής µε τη Θεωρία της Επικοινωνίας  που θα επιτρέψει τη συνύπαρξη των κλασσικών εννοιών (ύλη, κίνηση, χρόνος, χώρος) µε αυτή της πληροφορίας.

In this thesis we discuss some aspects concerning the construction of a 4D effective theory derived from higher dimensional (in particular 6D) models. The first part is devoted to the study of how the heavy Kaluza-Klein modes contribute to the low energy dynamics of the light modes. The second part concerns the analysis of the spectrum arising from non standard compactifications of 6D minimal gauged supergravities, involving a warp factor and conical defects in the internal manifold. We also review some of the background material.

The objective is to find a unified description of physical properties which applies at the small (atomic) scale and at the large (cosmological) scale. The starting point is the General Theory of Relativity. Light is described as a wave disturbance of spacetime propagating through space.

The light interference experiment is discussed in detail considering light as a real physical wave passing through the apparatus and interacting with the detector so that probabilistic effects take place at the point of detection.

The nature of mass and the nature of charge are explained. The concepts of force and field are shown to be dependent attributes and all properties are shown to be derived from spacetime.

The nature of protons, neutrons and electrons as looped waves in spacetime is analysed with the implications for experimental observations.

The cause of the quantisation of electron states is explained and this leads to the cause for the quantisation of light as electrons change energy level.

The unification of the four fundamental forces is achieved by recognising that the property "force" is not fundamental. The forces (gravitational, electromagnetic, strong and weak nuclear) arise as a result of differences in energy between possible positions of objects in spacetime. The forces arise in each case due to the context in which they occur.

The Theory of Everything (TOE) or master theory question is resolved by showing that the core theory equations are the Einstein equations of GR with a cosmological constant of zero.

The nature of gravitational waves is discussed as described by the General Theory of Relativity and only recently observed as a detectable phenomenon. Gravitational waves are a wave disturbance of spacetime propagating at the speed of light. It is proposed that light and other electromagnetic waves are wave disturbances of spacetime propagating at the speed of light.

Atomic electrons emit photons and this then leads to the hypothesis that particles such as electrons, protons and neutrons are looped wave disturbances of spacetime. The Spacetime Wave theory is a wave based theory of physics. This replaces the particle based description of reality implicit in the Standard Model of Particle Physics and Quantum Theory. A set of seven postulates is proposed for the Spacetime Wave Theory and a description of the structure of the atom is presented.

In the Spacetime Wave Theory, the quantisation of light is explained as caused by the quantisation of atomic electrons. The quantisation of atomic electrons is explained as caused by the nature of electric charge in which each wavelength of the electron comprises a positive charge followed by a slightly larger negative charge. This causes the electron wave to adopt a range of possible stable states as the looped wave aligns with adjacent loops.

The electron is not an elementary particle. The Standard Model is wrong


“The electron is not an elementary particle, because it is composed of a Photon and a Dark electron”
Adrian Ferent

“The Standard Model is wrong because the electron is not an elementary particle, and it does not include Dark Matter particles”
Adrian Ferent

“I explained Particle physics with Dark Matter from Ferent Quantum Gravity”
Adrian Ferent

“I discovered what the electron is, because I discovered what Dark Matter is”
Adrian Ferent

“The electron equation:”
Adrian Ferent

You learned that the Standard Model is a theory describing three of the four known fundamental forces, but not the gravitational force, and classifies all known elementary particles.
The electrons are elementary particles because they have no known components or substructure.

“I explained Particle physics with Dark Matter from Ferent Quantum Gravity”
Adrian Ferent

“The electron is a photon around Dark Matter”
Adrian Ferent

“The Dark Matter electron is the Dark Matter inside the electron”
Adrian Ferent

“Between the Ferent time t = 1.294 × 10^(-86) s and the Planck time t = 5.391 × 10^(-44) s were created the Dark Matter electrons”
Adrian Ferent

“When the photons were created, the photons with the energy 0.5 MeV and the Dark Matter electrons created the electrons”
Adrian Ferent

“I calculated the charge created by the photon with f = 10^20 Hz inside the electron Q = 1.6 × 10^(-19) C, the electron charge”
Adrian Ferent

“The Spin of the electron is the Orbital angular momentum of the photon within the electron”
Adrian Ferent

“Ferent equation for elementary particle, made of 2 particles, a Matter particle and a Dark Matter particle, is the Unification between Matter and Dark Matter!”
Adrian Ferent

“The electron equation:”
Adrian Ferent

Where Ψ is the wave function of the electron.

“I discovered what the electron is, because I discovered what Dark Matter is”
Adrian Ferent

The Standard Model does not include Dark Matter particles.

The Standard Model does not include particles beyond the Planck wall, like Dark Matter particles Dark Photons, Dark Electrons, Gravitons…

“Two important walls:
The Ferent wall: here at time t = 1.294 × 10^(-86) s were created Dark Matter, Dark Photons and Gravitons. 
The Planck wall: here at time t = 5.391 × 10^(-44) s were created Matter and Photons”
Adrian Ferent

All the scientists did not understand what the electron is, they did not understand what they did collide in particle accelerators.

“What the scientists, the Nobel Laureates, your professors… do not understand?
When the electron is accelerated gains kinetic energy and when the electron – positron collide the kinetic energy is transferred to the photons and Dark Matter electrons”
Adrian Ferent

What scientists, the Nobel Laureates, your professors… do not understand?
They do not understand Gravitation, Dark Matter, the electron…
The problem is that the Universities do not payback the money to students for wrong theories like Einstein Gravitation theory, the Standard Model, Cold Dark Matter theory, String theory, Loop Quantum Gravity theory…

“The electron is not an elementary particle because it is composed of a Photon and a Dark electron”
Adrian Ferent

“The Standard Model is wrong because the electron is not an elementary particle, and it does not include Dark Matter particles”
Adrian Ferent

267. I am the first who discovered that the electron is not an elementary particle because it is composed of a Photon and a Dark electron

268. I am the first who discovered that the Standard Model is wrong because the electron is not an elementary particle, and it does not include Dark Matter particles

269. I am the first who explained Particle physics with Dark Matter from Ferent Quantum Gravity

270. I am the first who discovered what the electron is, because I discovered what Dark Matter is

271. I am the first who discovered the electron equation

These notes cover (i) electroweak symmetry breaking in the Standard Model (SM) and the Higgs boson, (ii) alternatives to the SM Higgs boson including an introduction to composite Higgs models and Higgsless models that invoke extra dimensions, (iii) the theory and phenomenology of supersymmetry, and (iv) various further beyond topics, including Grand Unification, proton decay and neutrino masses, supergravity, superstrings

Low-energy tests of fundamental symmetries and studies of neutrino properties provide a powerful window on physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM). In this article, we provide a basic theoretical framework for a subsequent set of articles that review the progress and opportunities in various aspects of the low-energy program. We illustrate the physics reach of different low-energy probes in terms of an effective BSM mass scale and illustrate how this reach matches and, in some cases, even exceeds that accessible at the high energy frontier.

Here, in this paper we present two approaches outlining a conceptually and mathematically neat
frameworks within which we reproduce the mass generation mechanism essential for the Standard
Model. The rst framework is based on the inclusion of the gauge-group parameters into the
theory as scalar dynamical elds paralleling the standard Goldstone bosons. The advantage of
including the gauge-group parameters into the physical theory lies in that traditional gauge-
xing operations are nothing other than ordinary changes of variable which do not spoil gauge
invariance.
With a proper Lagrangian for these new elds of the -model type and appropriate rewriting
of the traditional Minimal Coupling Prescription we arrive at a general Massive Gauge The-
ory explicitly exhibiting gauge symmetry. When applied to the electroweak symmetry the new
prescription provides mass to the W() and Z vector bosons without the need for the Higgs
particle, leaving naturally the electromagnetic eld massless.
In the second part we present spontaneously broken NC theory, which is broken by a scalar
eld,providing a new symmetry breaking term to the gauge eld, a term not belonging to the
gauge eld itself. This theory was shown by explicit calculation to be one loop renormalizable,
and we therefore expect it to be unitary at tree-level.
Thus, we show how it is possible to obtain mass generation in the context of non Abelian gauge
eld theory, using a non commutative space-time, i.e. the space-time symmetry is further en-
larged. This is further conrmed by the modied dispersion relation that results from such a
geometry. Other eects in the domain of Ultra High Energy Gamma Rays and Cosmic Rays are
also deduced and it is pointed out that we might already have observed such eects.

The study of low energy weak interactions of light quarks and leptons continues to provide important insights into both the Standard Model as well as the physics that may lie beyond it. We review the status and future prospects for low energy electroweak physics. Recent important experimental and theoretical developments are discussed and open theoretical issues are highlighted. Particular attention is paid to neutrino physics, searches for permanent electric dipole moments, neutral current tests of the running of the weak mixing angle, weak decays, and muon physics. We argue that the broad range of such studies provides an important complement to high energy collider searches for physics beyond the Standard Model. The use of low energy weak interactions to probe novel aspects of hadron structure is also discussed.

The study of the fundamental structure of nuclear matter is a central thrust of physics research in the United States. As indicated in Frontiers of Nuclear Science, the 2007 Nuclear Science Advisory Committee long range plan, consideration of a future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) is a priority and will likely be a significant focus of discussion at the next long range plan. We are therefore pleased to have supported the ten week program in fall 2010 at the Institute of Nuclear Theory which examined at length the science case for the EIC. This program was a major effort; it attracted the maximum allowable attendance over ten weeks.

PREVIEW ONLY - READ FULL ARTICLE HERE:
https://doi.org/10.33929/sherm.2020.vol2.no1.03
This article is a rebuttal to Robert G. Cavin and Carlos A. Colombetti's article, "Assessing the Resurrection Hypothesis: Problems with Craig's Inference to the Best Explanation," which argues that the Standard Model of current particle physics entails that non-physical things (like a supernatural God or a supernaturally resurrected body) can have no causal contact with the physical universe. As such, they argue that William Lane Craig's resurrection hypothesis is not only incompatible with the notion of Jesus physically appearing to the disciples, but the resurrection hypothesis is significantly limited in both its explanatory scope and explanatory power. This article seeks to demonstrate why their use of the Standard Model does not logically entail a rejection of the physical resurrection of Jesus when considering the scope and limitations of science itself.

This report is the result of the collaboration and research effort of the Quarkonium Working Group over the last three years. It provides a comprehensive overview of the state of the art in heavy-quarkonium theory and experiment, covering quarkonium spectroscopy, decay, and production, the determination of QCD parameters from quarkonium observables, quarkonia in media, and the effects on quarkonia of physics beyond the Standard Model. An introduction to common theoretical and experimental tools is included. Future opportunities for research in quarkonium physics are also discussed.

The Dirac quantization condition and its relationship to the electromagnetic finestructure constant alpha is derived from the initial boundary conditions of the Quantum Big Bang Singularity (QBBS). The QBBS is shown to form a 2/11-dimensional mirror membrane as a 1-dimensional Dirac string relating timespace of a string-membrane epoch preceding the QBBS to the spacetime following the creation event. The Dirac monopole then transforms as a point particle into a space extended elementary particle known as the classical electron and is electro charge coupled as an electropole to the magneto charge of a magnetopole. The electron as a point particle of QFT and QED so becomes the monopolar form of the Dirac monopole as the Dirac electron, but coupled to the elementary quantum geometric templates of the scalar Higgs boson with a dark matter particle defined as a RMP or Restmass Photon. The space occupying classical electron is shown to oscillate on the fermi scale of the nuclear interactions of colour

These notes cover (i) electroweak symmetry breaking in the Standard Model (SM) and the Higgs boson, (ii) alternatives to the SM Higgs boson including an introduction to composite Higgs models and Higgsless models that invoke extra dimensions, (iii) the theory and phenomenology of supersymmetry, and (iv) various further beyond topics, including Grand Unification, proton decay and neutrino masses, supergravity, superstrings

This collection of studies on new physics at the LHC constitutes the report of the supersymmetry working group at the Workshop 'Physics at TeV Colliders', Les Houches, France, 2007. They cover the wide spectrum of phenomenology in the LHC era, from alternative models and signatures to the extraction of relevant observables, the study of the MSSM parameter space and finally to the interplay of LHC observations with additional data expected on a similar time scale. The special feature of this collection is that while not each of the studies is explicitely performed together by theoretical and experimental LHC physicists, all of them were inspired by and discussed in this particular environment.

In the first part of this review we discuss the basic observational features at the end of the cosmic ray energy spectrum. We also present there the main characteristics of each of the experiments involved in the detection of these particles. We then briefly discuss the status of the chemical composition and the distribution of arrival directions of cosmic rays. After that, we examine the energy losses during propagation, introducing the Greisen-Zaptsepin-Kuzmin (GZK) cutoff, and discuss the level of confidence with which each experiment have detected particles beyond the GZK energy limit. In the second part of the review, we discuss astrophysical environments able to accelerate particles up to such high energies, including active galactic nuclei, large scale galactic wind termination shocks, relativistic jets and hot-spots of Fanaroff-Riley radiogalaxies, pulsars, magnetars, quasar remnants, starbursts, colliding galaxies, and gamma ray burst fireballs. In the third part of the review we provide a brief summary of scenarios which try to explain the super-GZK events with the help of new physics beyond the standard model. In the last section, we give an overview on neutrino telescopes and existing limits on the energy spectrum and discuss some of the prospects for a new (multi-particle) astronomy. Finally, we outline how extraterrestrial neutrino fluxes can be used to probe new physics beyond the electroweak scale.

The ``principle of the fermionic projector'' provides a new mathematical framework for the formulation of physical theories and is a promising approach for physics beyond the standard model. The book begins with a brief review of relativity, relativistic quantum mechanics and classical gauge theories, with the emphasis on the basic physical concepts and the mathematical foundations. The external field problem and Klein's paradox are discussed and then resolved by introducing the so-called fermionic projector, a global object in space-time which generalizes the notion of the Dirac sea. The mathematical core of the book is to give a precise definition of the fermionic projector and to employ methods of hyperbolic differential equations for its detailed analysis. The fermionic projector makes it possible to formulate a new type of variational principles in space-time. The mathematical tools for the analysis of the corresponding Euler-Lagrange equations are developed. A particular variational principle is proposed which gives rise to an effective interaction showing many similarities to the interactions of the standard model. The main chapters of the book are easily accessible for beginning graduate students in mathematics or physics. Several appendices provide supplementary material which will be useful to the experienced researcher.

The Large Hadron Collider presents an unprecedented opportunity to probe the realm of new physics in the TeV region and shed light on some of the core unresolved issues of particle physics. These include the nature of electroweak symmetry breaking, the origin of mass, the possible constituent of cold dark matter, new sources of CP violation needed to explain the baryon excess in the universe, the possible existence of extra gauge groups and extra matter, and importantly the path Nature chooses to resolve the hierarchy problem -is it supersymmetry or extra dimensions. Many models of new physics beyond the standard model contain a hidden sector which can be probed at the LHC. Additionally, the LHC will be a top factory and accurate measurements of the properties of the top and its rare decays will provide a window to new physics. Further, the LHC could shed light on the origin of neutralino masses if the new physics associated with their generation lies in the TeV region. Finally, the LHC is also a laboratory to test the hypothesis of TeV scale strings and D brane models. An overview of these possibilities is presented in the spirit that it will serve as a companion to the Technical Design Reports (TDRs) by the particle detector groups ATLAS and CMS to facilitate the test of the new theoretical ideas at the LHC. Which of these ideas stands the test of the LHC data will govern the course of particle physics in the subsequent decades.

In physics, as a branch of science that studies energy and matter, the central problem has always been the question of the mechanisms of energy interactions and the formation of material structures. There is a growing consensus that this may be the same mechanism as matter is a form of energy. But from this point, the disagreements start. Thus, the unified model of fundamental interactions (‘theory of everything’) remains out of reach.

The two currently leading theories, the Standard Model of elementary particle physics and the General Theory of Relativity, separately cover only part of the interactions. Moreover, they are incompatible since they proceed from hypotheses about different mechanisms. However, as they are considered impeccable dogmas that are both right, generations of physicists tried to unify them without any success. The thought that they may be both wrong is alien to the current mainstream of theoretical physics.

The author of the book breaks this taboo. He shows the fallacy of both models and suggests that trying to unify them is a meaningless pursuit. But criticism alone is not enough, and we need to find a way out. Instead of unifying old theories, we can build a new theory that unifies physical phenomena. In the first volume of the “Symphony of Matter and Mind” series, the author begins to develop a model of a universal mechanism operating at all levels of matter and in all types of energy interactions, thus indicating a way out of the impasse of theoretical physics.

One fundamental problem of modern physics is the search for a theory of everything able to explain the nature of space-time, what matter is and how matter interacts. There are various propositions, as Grand Unified Theory, Quantum Gravity, Supersymmetry, String and Superstring Theories, and M-Theory. However, none of them is able to consistently explain at the present and same time electromagnetism, relativity, gravitation, quantum physics and observed elementary particles. By developing a complete theory of the deformation of solid lattices using Euler’s coordinates, one finds that this one can be used for the description of the spatiotemporal evolution of the Universe instead of the general relativity. In this way, it is suggested that the Universe could be a massive elastic three-dimensional lattice described in the absolute space by using Euler’s coordinates, and that fundamental building blocks of Ordinary Matter could consist of topological singularities of this lattice, namely diverse dislocation loops, disclination loops and dispiration loops. One finds then, for an isotropic elastic lattice obeying Newton’s law, with specific assumptions on its elastic properties, that the behaviors of this lattice and of its topological defects display “all” known physics. Indeed, this theory of crystalline ether contains intrinsically and allows one to deduce directly the various formalisms of electromagnetism, special relativity, general relativity, gravitation and quantum physics. It allows also one to give simple answers to some longstanding questions of modern physics, as the universe expansion, the big-bang, the dark matter and the dark energy, the particle spins or the quantum decoherence. But it appears above all a completely new scalar charge, the curvature charge, which has no equivalence in the modern physical theories, which creates a very small deviation to the equivalence principle of Einstein between inertial mass and gravitational mass, and which allows one to give very simple explanations of the weak asymmetry observed between matter and anti-matter, the origin of the weak interaction force, the formation of galaxies, the disappearance of antimatter from the universe, the formation of gigantic black holes in the heart of the galaxies and the nature of the famous dark matter. Moreover, by describing in this third version the crytalline ether by a face-centered cubic lattice with axial symmetries, one was able to identify a lattice structure whose topological defect loops coincide exactly with the complex zoology of elementary particles, and which allows to explain physically and quite simply the nature of the weak and strong forces, the existence of three families in the standard model as well as the asymptotic behavior of the strong force. While in the second version an explanation of quantum decoherence was introduced, in this third version a crystalline ether of face-centered cubic structure was introduced, which allows to explain the three families of elementary particles of the Standard Model, as well as the strong force and its asymptotic behavior.

The problem of Yukawa couplings being arbitrary parameters in the Standard Model Higgs mechanism is a long standing one due to their formulaic dependence on the Higgs Vacuum Expectation Value. We will attempt to solve this problem and provide a strong argument that the Yukawa couplings of charged leptons and down type quarks are not arbitrary parameters in the SM. A new methodology for predicting the Yukawa couplings will be presented by using Compton wavelengths, the Rydberg Constant and g-factors of charged leptons instead of relying on the Higgs VEV. We will then proceed to rewrite this new method in terms of an empirical formula that depends on the running of the fine-structure constant on the Q scale, charge and lepton quantum numbers and g-factors to predict the values of the Yukawa couplings for all three generations of charged leptons and d-type quarks. We will also touch on the subject of neutrinos both as Majorana and Dirac fermions respectively and make a prediction for the lightest possible Majorana neutrino and the differences between Dirac neutrinos and anti-neutrinos. We conclude that the Yukawa couplings are not arbitrary parameters in the SM and that this new formula provides very accurate results.

This chapter of the report of the “Flavor in the era of the LHC” Workshop discusses the theoretical, phenomenological and experimental issues related to flavor phenomena in the charged lepton sector and in flavor conserving CP-violating processes. We review the current experimental limits and the main theoretical models for the flavor structure of fundamental particles. We analyze the phenomenological consequences of the available data, setting constraints on explicit models beyond the standard model, presenting benchmarks for the discovery potential of forthcoming measurements both at the LHC and at low energy, and exploring options for possible future experiments.

Shopping around for answers; Dark Matter Scatter part 2

ABSTRACT
Model failures are known to all, and the “crisis in Cosmology” continues to deepen. While some are embracing the plasma-electromagnetic (PEM) model and trying to hybridize the Standard Model further with incompatible elements, others make a mad dash to shop around for tools from other systems, or from pseudoscientific ideas, in order to give the semblance of scientific progress. But the dash to create a hybrid chimera of science, ignoring all mathematical and philosophical incompatibilities, can be erased with a shift into the Plasma-Electromagnetic Cosmologies, as has been discussed in previous parts. In describing the “scatter” of ideas, the chronology and current of thought remains the most pertinent discussion. In this paper, an examination of the latest failures in Accretion, Dark Matter (DM), and classical Black Holes reveals the continuing efforts of the mainstream/Big Bang school to hide the failures of gravitational-based models while simultaneously adapting PEM models, claiming they accepted them all along.

Keywords: Axion - Neutrino - Neutron Stars - Magnetic Current - Dark Matter - Black Holes

This are some note on effective field theory. The content are

-Introduction
-Classification of operator
-Wilsonian action
-Fermi Theory 
-Non relativistic QED
-S matrix equivalence theorem

-Loops and EFT
-Low energy QED
-Birifrangence of vacuum
-Positivity bound
-Loops, dimension and EFT
-Accidental symmetries
-EFT at the non-perturbative level
-Anomalies in QFT
-Chiral anomaly in QED and pion decay

-Exercies