Dialog

Our societies of fear go along with an increase of populist movements in politics. This article explains the basics of populism and shows how easily it joins highly likely political friend-enemy patterns. Anthropologically, we have to deal with parochial altruism undergirded by a static type of religion. A further step deals with the relationship between politics and fear by referring to terror management theory and its insight into the relationship between mortality and fear. The concluding part addresses ways out of fear and in what way a dynamic type of religion helps to avoid scapegoating and political enmity.

First, I summarize the major findings of a new comprehensive resource, Torture and Democracy, by Darius Rejali, as corrective for the current state of confusion and concealment in United States with regard to the persistence of torture. Second, I respond theologically to the insights from this scholarship through a) reflection on victims of torture as 'nonpersons' in light of theological anthropology, and through exploring the role of Christians in the public square, and b) addressing the problem of sacrificialism.

Salah satu hal yang sangat berperan dalam perkembangan individu adalah latar belakang pendidikan atau di mana individu tersebut bersekolah. Terkait dengan hal tersebut, toleransi dan kebermaknaan hidup sangat terkait erat dengan pengalaman individu dalam lingkungan sosialnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kebermaknaan hidup dan toleransi beragama pada siswa sekolah menengah atas berbasis keagamaan di Kota Palangka Raya. Penelitian dilakukan pada enam sekolah berbasis keagamaan di Kota Palangka Raya, yaitu 1) SMA Kristen Palangka Raya; 2) SMA Katolik Santo Petrus Kanisius; 3) SMA IT Hasanka; 4) MAN Kota Palangka Raya; 5) SMA Muhammadiyah 1; dan 6) SMA NU Palangka Raya. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data dapat disimpulkan, bahwa 1) terdapat hubungan antara kebermaknaan hidup dan toleransi beragama pada siswa SMA berbasis keagamaan di Palangka Raya. Hubungan yang terjadi tersebut bersifat positif yang berarti tingginya kebermaknaan hidup ditandai juga dengan tingginya...

This article explores the rise of the short-term mission trip in youth ministry. It argues that this escalation has much to do with transformations of globalization. This reality requires that the mission trip confront the conundrum of dealing with dichotomies between its service and its tourist activities. By exploring the work of sociologist Zygmunt Bauman we see why we face such dichotomies. The article concludes by providing some theological thoughts connected to Karl Barth's theology of the word that might help us move past these tensions between global service and global tourism.

Abstract:  This article relates the sacrament of the Eucharist to world migration and hospitality. To weave these themes is to find borders all around the Eucharistic table/altar, borders often unnoticed but borders that define economic, social, cultural, sexual and class divides. Using the notion of borderless borders and engaging Jacques Derrida's notion of hospitality, the author tries to expand the possibilities of the Christian demand to welcome people in and around and through the eucharistic sacrament as people gather with one another to be with one another and issue this constant call of welcome to whomever wants to come and eat.

Abstract: In this article I raise the question of whether and how Christians can become captive to a kind of constricted imagination, and how this does not serve the church well in its work with youth and young adults. I draw on examples from pop music (Kanye West, U2) to portray ...

Kajian berkaitan dengan integrasi kaum di Malaysia agak kompleks. Ini kerana, sosio politik setiap kaum bersifat perkauman. Agen-agen seperti sejarah, pendidikan, media, parti politik dan pertubuhan bukan kerajaan amat kuat mencengkam budaya politik setiap kaum. Akhirnya, lahirlah setiap bangsa yang memperjuangkan kepentingan masing-masing. Bukti-bukti ini diperolehi melalui tinjauan yang dibuat ke atas kajian-kajian sebelum ini. Keadaan tidak banyak berubah sehingga ke hari ini. Kajian ini bertujuan menilai sejauh mana pengaruh agen sosio politik seperti sejarah, institusi keluarga dan pendidikan yang dilalui meninggalkan kesan terhadap hubungan antara kaum. Hasil kajian menunjukkan sosio-politik perkauman melahirkan sentimen perkauman yang tinggi. Integrasi masih lagi samar. Realitinya, sentimen perkauman masih kuat mencengkam budaya politik masyarakat berbilang kaum. Kata Kunci: Integrasi nasional, sosialisasi politik, politik etnik, agenda nasional, perpaduan ABSTRACT Study on integration and unity among races in Malaysia is quite complex. These are due to the facts that the political socialization agents process i.e. history, education, social, economy and politic, are race oriented. Every race fights for their own interest. Most of the past research have shown that the racial sentiments in Malaysia were tensed. This research aimed to analyst the influence of political socialization agents, history, family and education institutions, towards the ethnic relations. The study shows that the agents contribute to the high level of polarization. Integration and unity among races are only hope. In reality, racial sentiment still a major challenges in this country.

This review expresses great concern with so-called Christian Zionism. The author explains the confusing push-pull relation of Pentecostalism to Christian Zionism's underlying apocalyptic eschatology, premillennial dispensationalism. He agrees with the thrust of Smith's discussion from a Lutheran perspective of the complex historical, theological, and political dynamics involved in Christian Zionism's formation and development, but accents distinctions between a generally harmless conventional form and a particularly virile fundamentalist form that can be aggressive and possibly even dangerous. Of special concern is articulation of an erudite political ethic informed by the theology of a Christian pneumatic apocalyptic eschatology, faithful to the incoming reign of God taking seriously predictive prophecy. In conversation with Smith, this appreciative response suggests a possible paradigm for positive involvement in political and social aspects of the present world congruent with apocalyptic hope expressed in premillennialist terms.

Abstract:  The presence of certain motifs associated with pietism in the music of J. S. Bach has led some scholars to conclude that the composer was profoundly influenced by the 17th century movement within the German Lutheran Church. This essay argues that Bach was a Lutheran theologian, whose works can be understood only in the closest relationship to Martin Luther. Bach's commitment to Lutheran orthodoxy is evidenced by his erudite grasp of the writings of Luther and his long friendship with Eerdmann Neumeister. But it is in his music that Bach shows himself to be the true heir of the Lutheran tradition. This essay examines Bach's commitment to Scripture, his Christology and his soteriology.

For many people the names "Arab Christians" and "Palestinian Christians" seem to be oxymoronic. Christianity was, however, born in the Middle East, in a little town called Bethlehem. This article explores the ways in which Palestinian Christians, a minority group in both Palestine and Israel, relate to both Jews and Muslims in Palestine and Israel. Though there is no covert persecution of Palestinian Christians, they face the same trials as other Arabs and Muslims in Palestine, due to the current policies and actions of the Israeli government and to the current "war on terrorism." In fact, Christians in Palestine become easy targets for both those enraged by and supportive of the US declaration of war. At the same time, they offer the world an example of healthy Christian-Muslim relations. Perhaps too, Palestinian Christians can be the bridge between the Jewish and Muslim communities in the Holy Land.

This article discusses the development of Islamic banking in Indonesia, its contribution to and role in the constellation of national economy, particularly in empowerment of medium, small and micro enterprise (UMKM) which constitutes the pillar of national economy. This article also analyses a number of challenge faced by the Islamic banking institutions and attempts made by university as the centre for research, training human recourse to be capable and comprehend Islamic economy and to professionally develop Islamic financial industries, educating and advocating society for the strengthening of the regulation implementation. This is needed in order that the acceleration and development of Islamic banking in Indonesia could be realized in short time.  

Awan Lembayung wrote:

Salam sejahtera, smoga Tuhan slalu memberkahimu,

Melati, maaf ya aku ngganggu kamu lagi,

Met, beribadah menyambut hari besarmu Natal dan Tahun Baru 2004. Dan kuucapkan selamat Natal dan Tahun Baru 2004 buatmu, smoga Allah slalu memberkahimu.

Setelah sedikit bertukar-pikiran mengenai agama kemarin, aku mungkin telah cukup memahami keberagamaan kamu yang begitu tulus berusaha mendekati Tuhan dengan kasih dan cinta.

Keberagamaan/ibadah/pengalaman religi kamu telah sedemikian kuat, sehingga aku sedikit ragu/tak sampai hati mengusik keimanan yang sedemikian kuat itu. Aku sangat menyukai dan benar-benar hormat kepada orang-orang yang sholeh. Kamu smoga termasuk golongan wanita yang sholeh. Allah pasti akan membalas dengan keselamatan dan kebahagiaan kepada mereka kelak.

Kepada orang-orang yang sholeh, baik itu beragama Kristen, Katholik, Islam, Hindu, Budha, Khonghucu, Santho, Yahudi, Kejawen, aliran dinamisme maupun animisme, dll di segenap penjuru bumi dan di dalam ruang waktu kapan pun, smoga mereka mendapat curahan kebahagiaan dan keselamatan Tuhan di hari akhir kelak. Sebab, mereka semua secara tulus telah berusaha beribadah dan menggapai wajah Tuhan dengan mengharap kasih, cinta, dan ridho-Nya. Apakah orang-orang yang begitu tulus dan sholeh tersebut tidak terselamatkan, gara-gara klaim setiap agama yang mengaku bahwa golongan mereka sendirilah yang terselamatkan? Apakah Allah yang katanya Maha Adil dan Maha Kasih akan bertindak demikian, menghukum orang-orang yang sedemikian tulus mengharapkan Kasih dan sayang-Nya?

……… berlanjut. (hanya sebagian surat 1)

Jawaban Melati:

Salam sejahtera dalam kasih Tuhan.

Thanks buat emailmu, kebetulan pas buka email trus baca.

Thanks pula sudah tahu mengenai keyakinan saya. Dan saya sangat menghargai pula orang2 yang mau menghargai orang lain.

Tapi maaf kalau kamu punya niatan untuk mengusik keimanan saya, saya cuma mau katakan satu hal: berhati-hatilah. Saya bukannya takut menghadapi siapapun tetapi itu karena saya SUDAH dan BENAR2 tidak suka ada orang lain “mengusik”  keimanan saya lagi. Bahkan meskipun itu bapak saya sendiri. Sekali lagi maaf. Sekeras apapun kamu mau membengkokkan jalan saya dengan tujuan apapun, saya TIDAK SUKA dan TIDAK MAU. Semuanya sudah cukup untuk saya ketahui.

Saya TIDAK PERNAH mengatakan dan menyatakan agama lain salah atau keyakinan sayalah yang benar, yang benar adalah bahwa tiap orang sudah memilih jalan keselamatannya sendiri2 dengan konsep keselamatannya sendiri2 pula!!! DEMIKIAN PULA SAYA! Kenapa saya tidak lagi memberikan peluang karena saya sudah TENANG dan YAKIN dg jalan saya. Saya tidak peduli orang lain mau mengatakan saya: KAFIR, BODOH, NDAK PUNYA OTAK, PRIMITIF, TERTUTUP, SAKLEK, dan lain sebagainya OH PUJI TUHAN!!!

Bagi kami keselamatan itu adalah karunia dari Allah semata, dan bukan hanya karena orang terus2an berbuat baik maka mereka selamat dan pasti masuk SurgaNya Allah. Apakah kita bisa menyatakan seseorang yang selalu memberikan sedekah dengan sebanyak2nya maka dia PASTI masuk Surga? Bisa membangun rumah ibadah PASTI MASUK SURGA? MESAKKE TENAN WONG CILIK, mas. Nggo mangan wae susah opo meneh arep mbangun rumahe dewe. Padahal Allah itu MAHA BAIK dan ADIL, orang sejahat apapun, sebelum dia meninggal, mau menerima keselamatan yang dari Tuhan, dia pasti masuk Surga. Itu sudah terbukti!!! Kalau istilahmu dulu adalah diPENAKKE. Berbuat baik harus dijadikan KEBUTUHAN, dan

BUKAN KEWAJIBAN!!! Dengan demikian bisa dengan tulus hati berbuat baik tanpa mengharap imbalan apapun, karena Tuhan menilai HATI dan bukan menilai yang KETOK DI MATA manusia.

Latino/a Theology is rising among theologians of Latin American descent in the United States. This article describes five characteristics: 1) it is specific to the cultural context of marginalized Hispanic history; 2) it focuses on the theme of mestizaje/mulatez, the biological and cultural mixing of European Spanish with Africans and indigenous Americans; 3) it derives from popular religion; 4) it deals with everyday life, lo cotidiano; 5) like liberation theology, it emphasizes praxis.

Christians are one among many minority religious groups in India that face "persecution." "Persecution" here relates to the unjust treatment of lower classes in the Hindu caste system; it is not only Christians that are persecuted, but all those who fall in the lower castes. Part of the animosity towards Christians, then, is due to the fact that many Christian schools have been built to educate the masses thereby upsetting the existing caste system; furthermore, Christianity preaches a classless gospel. Persecution of Christians in India takes place under the guise that Christian Missionaries are covertly trying to convert Hindu-Indian society to the western cult of individualism. Government propaganda, laws, and programs designed to thwart Christian efforts, feed off of this mentality. Unfortunately, there are certain Christian groups that feed off of the misery of people in an unjust caste-system, offering salvation through conversion. These groups do not help matters at all; in fact, they add fuel to the fire.

In the global conversation over religious ideas, a de facto debate is raging between atheism, pluralism, and Islam. Pluralism respects the claim of every religion. Atheism respects the claim of no religion. Islam respects the claim of its own religion. How should a Christian theologian construct a doctrine of God that benefits from listening to this conversation yet stresses what is important in the gospel, namely, that the God of Jesus Christ is gracious in character? What is recommended here is to (1) investigate the truth question; (2) avoid putting God in the equations; (3) affirm what is essential; and (4) practice charity.

The doctrine of the Trinity has, in the past couple of decades, reclaimed its central place in Christian God talk. Theologians are now using it to render every doctrine more explicitly Christian, and to sharpen interreligious dialogue. There is a strong drive toward vindicating the doctrine as relevant, but also a recognition that if it is truly a teaching about God it must remain somewhat theoretical. Finally, the field of historical theology is undertaking a fresh examination of the basic primary texts of trinitarian theology.

Abstrak – Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan potret pluralisme agama dalam masyarakat Kota Kupang, Nusa Tenggara Timur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat Kota Kupang memiliki pemahaman yang baik akan pluralisme agama. Hal ini tercermin dalam kehidupan sehari-hari masyarakat yang menghargai perbedaan dan kemajemukan agama, suku, dan ras. Kerukunan umat bergama juga terjalin dengan baik. Hal ini dapat terjadi oleh karena peran pemerintah, tokoh agama, dan masyarakat yang membangun dialog dalam menyelesaikan konflik yang terjadi antar umat beragama. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi pustakan dan observasi lapangan.   – This study aims to find a portrait of religious pluralism in the people of Kupang City, East Nusa Tenggara. The results showed that the people of Kupang City had a good understanding of religious pluralism. This is reflected in the daily lives of people who respect the diversity and diversity of ...

Artikel ini mendiskusikan dua rumusan masalah yaitu bagaimana pemetaan kajian pendidikan toleransi di Indonesia, dan bagaimana implementasinya. Artikel ini mempermudah peneliti selanjutnya dalam menentukan tema penelitiannya terhadap pendidikan toleransi. Kajian dilakukan melalui pendekatan literature review secara sistematik. Pencarian data dilakukan melalui google scholar. Untuk mempersempit pencarian, maka dilakukan pembatasan dengan beberapa strategi yaitu; kata kunci “pendidikan toleransi”, in title (semua kata kunci tercakup pada judul), dan tahun terbitan (2015-2020). Penulis menyimpulkan bahwa: 1) berdasarkan pemetaan (maping) terhadap kajian terdahulu, terdapat sejumlah gap yang perlu dikaji oleh peneliti selanjutnya; 2) implementasi pendidikan toleransi dapat dikategorisasikan berdasarkan lokasi implementasinya, yaitu sekolah, pesantren, komunitas pemuda, dan keluarga. Tempat yang paling sering dijadikan lokasi penelitian pendidikan  toleransi adalah sekolah dan pesantren,...

Artykuł podejmuje problem zasadności podziału na bioetykę katolicką i bioetykę laicką, opisując ich wzajemne zależności, różnice i charakter sporu w różniących ich kwestiach. Spory bioetyczne są jedną z wielu kategorii sporów, które wpisują się w życie pluralistycznych społeczeństw. Na tle jednak innych debat spory bioetyczne angażują bardzo mocno uczestników debaty, rozgrzewają emocje. W artykule przeprowadzona jest analiza metodologiczna, która pozwala usytuować bioetykę jako odrębną dyscyplinę naukową, charakteryzującą się interdyscyplinarnością, posiadającą właną metodę badawczą. W świetle poczynionych analiz metodologicznych podejmuje się temat zasadności podziału na bioetykę katolicką i bioetykę laicką, wskazując na kryteria takiego podziału. Świadomość różnic, jakie występują w obszarze bioetyki motywuje do zastanowienia się, jaki kształt powinna przybrać debata w kwestiach bioetycznych? Czy jest możliwy dialog, spór, czy może jesteśmy skazani na konfrontację? W których obszarach powinno prowadzić się dialog, spierać się na argumenty? Czy jest możliwy kompromis w kwestiach moralnych?

The doctrine of justification is of highest importance for Lutheran theology. But regarding their worship practice Lutheran churches seem to be less aware of this priority than Orthodox, Roman-Catholic and Anglican churches. David Fagerberg, building on Alexander Schmemann, claims the worship service experience is theologia prima, God's action upon God's people. At the same time Andrea Grillo calls the human being an animal ceremoniale stating that liturgy always reminds us that God's action comes first. Can Lutherans building upon this ecumenical liturgical theology find in the worship service the 'place of justification'?

This essay applies pressure to Douglas John Hall's use of Luther's theologia crucis in his calls for the church to become an ecclesia crucis. In my analysis, the theology of the cross is best used not as a hermeneutical key for discerning Christendom's end and the church's new beginning, but as training in developing the capacity to discern both God and church as they hide under opposite signs. By drawing on Hall, two feminist Lutheran theologians, and Stanley Hauerwas, the essay suggests that the practices of the institutional church might be exactly what is needed for the formation of theologians of the cross.

Kajian berkaitan dengan integrasi kaum di Malaysia agak kompleks. Ini kerana, sosio politik setiap kaum bersifat perkauman. Agen-agen seperti sejarah, pendidikan, media, parti politik dan pertubuhan bukan kerajaan amat kuat mencengkam budaya politik setiap kaum. Akhirnya, lahirlah setiap bangsa yang memperjuangkan kepentingan masing-masing. Bukti-bukti ini diperolehi melalui tinjauan yang dibuat ke atas kajian-kajian sebelum ini. Keadaan tidak banyak berubah sehingga ke hari ini. Kajian ini bertujuan menilai sejauh mana pengaruh agen sosio politik seperti sejarah, institusi keluarga dan pendidikan yang dilalui meninggalkan kesan terhadap hubungan antara kaum. Hasil kajian menunjukkan sosio-politik perkauman melahirkan sentimen perkauman yang tinggi. Integrasi masih lagi samar. Realitinya, sentimen perkauman masih kuat mencengkam budaya politik masyarakat berbilang kaum. Kata Kunci: Integrasi nasional, sosialisasi politik, politik etnik, agenda nasional, perpaduan ABSTRACT Study on integration and unity among races in Malaysia is quite complex. These are due to the facts that the political socialization agents process i.e. history, education, social, economy and politic, are race oriented. Every race fights for their own interest. Most of the past research have shown that the racial sentiments in Malaysia were tensed. This research aimed to analyst the influence of political socialization agents, history, family and education institutions, towards the ethnic relations. The study shows that the agents contribute to the high level of polarization. Integration and unity among races are only hope. In reality, racial sentiment still a major challenges in this country.

Television program has been a cultural study since a long time ago due to the fact that television is a media which is purposed to educate, to inform, to entertain, and to control the society (religion), economy, and popular cultural ceremony. There will emerge some problems when the content and the message of a program does not fit with the audience’s expectation, for instance, a religious program that has potency of conflict, controversy, and violence. All of those are categorized as breaking the rules, norm, and religious teaching. This study uses critical discourse analysis in order to examine relationship among discourse and audience, economical and political interest as well as an ideological aspect. This analysis is also utilized to examine the relationship between television and related institutions. Based on this reason, this research tries to explore religious cinema electronics on television which contains violence. KEYWORDS: discourse analysis, impressions, violence, cin...

Kajian berkaitan dengan integrasi kaum di Malaysia agak kompleks. Ini kerana, sosio politik setiap kaum bersifat perkauman. Agen-agen seperti sejarah, pendidikan, media, parti politik dan pertubuhan bukan kerajaan amat kuat mencengkam budaya politik setiap kaum. Akhirnya, lahirlah setiap bangsa yang memperjuangkan kepentingan masing-masing. Bukti-bukti ini diperolehi melalui tinjauan yang dibuat ke atas kajian-kajian sebelum ini. Keadaan tidak banyak berubah sehingga ke hari ini. Kajian ini bertujuan menilai sejauh mana pengaruh agen sosio politik seperti sejarah, institusi keluarga dan pendidikan yang dilalui meninggalkan kesan terhadap hubungan antara kaum. Hasil kajian menunjukkan sosio-politik perkauman melahirkan sentimen perkauman yang tinggi. Integrasi masih lagi samar. Realitinya, sentimen perkauman masih kuat mencengkam budaya politik masyarakat berbilang kaum. Kata Kunci: Integrasi nasional, sosialisasi politik, politik etnik, agenda nasional, perpaduan ABSTRACT Study on integration and unity among races in Malaysia is quite complex. These are due to the facts that the political socialization agents process i.e. history, education, social, economy and politic, are race oriented. Every race fights for their own interest. Most of the past research have shown that the racial sentiments in Malaysia were tensed. This research aimed to analyst the influence of political socialization agents, history, family and education institutions, towards the ethnic relations. The study shows that the agents contribute to the high level of polarization. Integration and unity among races are only hope. In reality, racial sentiment still a major challenges in this country.

Luther's understanding of salvation can be summed up with the phrase "justification by grace through faith." The doctrine of justification is the focal point for all theological categories in Luther's theology, including salvation. That said, this article examines various ways grace or salvation is understood to be conveyed in Luther's theology through: the cross, the resurrection or through God's election and covenant with humankind. Throughout the article, it evaluates these foci for salvation in terms of their ability to speak gospel to women's lives today. In particular, it evaluates the appropriate usage of Luther's epistemology of the cross.

How can we ensure that these important voices testifying to the memory of comfort women do not remain solely figments of local history, fixed within a certain time, to be gradually forgotten with each passing generation? In reflecting on this question, this study ventures the possibility of constructing a hermeneutical model that critically engages the memory of comfort women for the sake of all global citizens committed to resisting any types of violence, regardless of racial/ethnic and gendered boundaries. To do this, it proposes a hermeneutical model based on Kuan-Hsing Chen's "Asia as method," which places in conversation the theologies of Johann Baptist Metz and Angela Sims to read the memories of comfort women as dangerous memories that can remember a future of freedom from sexual violence, trauma, and militarism. The final result of the proposed hermeneutical model is to remember the testimonies of comfort women as dangerous memory for the global community, making them part of a global discourse that remembers them into different stories of suffering. Overall, the current project can readily address the implications of the proposed hermeneutical model to make comfort women's stories relevant to the present and future generations locally, nationally, and internationally, not only in terms of resistance to social sins such as sexual violence, but also in terms of fostering a spirit of solidarity with those in need of our support as a form of love.

In November 2011, the Malaysian sexuality rights festival Seksualiti Merdeka was banned after being labelled immoral and subversive. The organizers insisted that the festival was a forum for the voices of sexual minorities and that the ban was politically motivated. By examining the rhetoric surrounding this festival in the Malaysian media, this article aims to uncover how the tensions between Malaysian politics and religion affect the lives of queer Malaysians in terms of human rights before providing a Christian theological response.

Abstract:  When Pope Benedict XVI delivered his September 2006 address at the University of Regensburg, Faith, Reason, and the University, he pined at the diminishment of universal reason in church life. He blamed the Protestant Reformation for beginning a process of dehellenization that has led to the loss of reliance upon reason. Over against the pope's claim, a closer look at Reformation history and Protestant theology will show no diminishment in the role of reason. What is distinctive to the Reformers and today's heirs is reliance on sola scriptura, scripture alone. The role that reason plays for Protestants is to expand our understanding as we reflect on scripture and, not only scripture, but also tradition and expereince. No less than Roman Catholics, Protestants embrace fides quaerens intellectum or “faith seeking understanding.”

As the capital city of Bali province and as the main tourist destination, Denpasar serves as the most visited city with sustainable regional budget (APBD). It has been evidence that foreign cultures as part of globalization effect of tourism did not contribute positively to the development of the region. These foreign cultures have been indicated as a negative force to the locals, either on economic, social, or cultural aspects. This paper explores the attempts of the local government, particularly the Office of Religious Affairs of Denpasar in improving the competence of religious communicators as stipulated in the Act of Kepmenkowasbangpan No. 54 / KEP / MK.WASPAN / 9/1999. Similarly, it also presents how these communicators performed their religious communication services amidst the rapid cultural change in Bali.