Engagement

“Power is war, the continuation of war by other means”: Foucault’s reversal of Clausewitz’s formula has become a staple of critical theory — but it remains highly problematic on a conceptual level. Elaborated during Foucault’s 1976 lectures (“Society Must Be Defended”), this work-hypothesis theorises “basic warfare” [la guerre fondamentale] as the teleological horizon of socio-political relations. Following Boulainvilliers, Foucault champions this polemological approach, conceived as a purely descriptive discourse on “real” politics and war, against the philosophico-juridical conceptuality attached to liberal society (Hobbes’s Leviathan being here the prime example).
However, in doing so, Foucault did not interrogate the conceptual validity of notions such as power and war, therefore interlinking them without questioning their ontological status. This problematic conflation was partly rectified in 1982, as Foucault proposed a more dynamic definition of power relations: “actions over potential actions”.
I argue, somewhat polemically, that Foucault’s hermeneutics of power still involves a teleological violence, dependent on a polemological representation of human relations as essentially instrumental: this resembles what Derrida names, in “Heidegger’s Ear”, an “anthropolemology”. However, I show that all conceptualisation of power implies its self-deconstruction. This self-deconstructive (or autoimmune) structure supposes an archi-originary unpower prior to power: power presupposes an excess within power, an excessive force, another violence making it both possible and impossible. There is something within power located “beyond the power principle” (Derrida). This (self-)excess signifies a limitless resistantiality co-extensive with power-relationality. It also allows the reversal of pólemos into its opposite, as unpower opens politics and warfare to the messianic call of a pre-political, pre-ontological disruption: the archi-originary force of différance. This force, unconditional, challenges Foucault’s conceptualisations of power, suggesting an originary performativity located before or beyond hermeneutics of power-knowledge, disrupting theoreticity as well as empiricity by pointing to their ontological complicity.
The bulk of this essay is dedicated to sketching the theoretical implications of this deconstructive reading of Foucault with respect to the methodology and conceptuality of political science and social theory.

The  aim  of  this  study  is  to  explore  how  bringing  art  to  life  using  Augmented  Reality  (AR)  technology  can affect  viewer  engagement  and  interest  compared  to  the  viewing  of  traditional  static  artwork.  To measure these  properties  this  study  uses  a  combination  of  surveys:  The  User  Engagement  Scale  (UES)  and  a  slightly modified  version  of  the  Museum  Experience  Scale  (MES).  The  results  from  both  questionnaires  were aggregated to obtain a more accurate measurement of engagement, as the UES questionnaire is specifically focused  on  interactive  systems  while  the  MES  is  focused  on  an  overall  view  of  an  exhibit.  Using  both questionnaires a more accurate measurement of “engagement” can be reached for the purposes of this study.

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The aim of this article is to explore student participation in teaching and learning, focusing on third-year students’ experiences in a Swedish teacher education programme. Student participation is here defined as students being active and engaged in the classroom; students impacting on curriculum design; and students’ feeling of belonging to a community. The research reported is based on an interview study and analyses processes, benefits and challenges of, as well as motivations for, student participation. The findings revealed that students have diverse understandings of student participation and that the degree of participation is dependent on students’ and teachers’ engagement, expectations and responsibility. Student teachers also connected student participation to their learning and future profession as teachers. The students mainly discussed intrinsic motivations (beneficial to learning) for student participation, but there were also traces of altruistic motivations (learning citizenship). Extrinsic motivations (university benefits), however, were absent. Voices of resistance to student participation were also present; these students preferred a more teacher-led education and were not used to a high degree of participation. Students’ understandings of student participation challenge teacher–student roles in teacher education specifically, but also in higher education generally. It is important to acknowledge students’ diverse understandings of student participation. Overall, based on students’ experiences, student participation creates engagement and motivation for learning here and now and for the future profession. The study indicates that student participation has an inherent value beyond benefitting measurable outcomes, where democratic values, engagement and learning for the future profession are promoted.

In this poster we present a study exploring the benefits of using audio guides instead of human tour guides to foster children’s engagement and learning outcomes during their visit to a natural science museum. We conducted an experiment in a museum with 25 children from a school (9-10 years old) in order to discover if there was any effect of the usage of audio guides regarding children’s engagement and learning outcomes. We did a pre-test and post-test analysis for learning, applied scales and conducted qualitative observation. We found that children using the audio guide were keen to repeat the tour. We also noticed differences in the learning outcomes (the group without audio guide had better results), although it was not statistically significant. We conclude the poster with a set of suggestions to increase enjoyable learning experiences for children when using audio guides in a museum tour. Author

This paper aims to evaluate the viability of 'democratizing' eLearning within the global neoliberal economy. 'Democratization' is examined through several focus areas, namely the digital divide, socioeconomic status, gender, and social justice in curricula. These facets of 'democratization' are scrutinized specifically through corporate and university eLearning discourse, focusing principally on adult learners. The central objective is to determine to what extent eLearning can be 'democratized' for 21st century learners. The COVID-19 pandemic has catapulted eLearning to the forefront of education and has been urgently implemented globally across corporations, higher educational institutions, and K-12 schools. eLearning discourse has been imbued with terms such as 'accessibility', 'flexibility', and 'engagement'. The paper explores how these discourses could be reconstituted to live up to the promises of 'democratization&#39...

As concerns have grown over the decline of TV viewership, especially among younger viewers, many networks have begun transmedia extensions in an attempt to increase audience engagement for their programs, and with second-screen applications in particular, to increase, or at least slow the decline of, linear-appointment viewing. In this paper I will first define and discuss current conceptions of transmedia and second-screen applications. Then I will analyze how AMC has developed and/or licensed other companies to develop various Transmedia applications for their popular TV show The Walking Dead, analyzing the various different examples and their perceived efficacy. Finally I will use those examples and the theories discussed in section one of this paper to develop a set of guidelines for other broadcast networks to develop similar transmedia applications for their own programs.

Background: Social media has grown into a prominent marketing and communication tool, and Instagram is a leader in this regard due to its distinctive supports for medial rich contents. Due to the challenges faced by Small-andmedium-enterprises (SMEs), they are suggested to embrace social media technology. Previous studies in Interactive value creation theory (IVF) indicated that SMEs-followers co-creation processes enable Instagram engagement. However, little is known of how to promote the value co-creation process via practical Instagram micro-practices that SMEs can employ regarding their constraints. This study is among the first to examine SMEs' practices for Instagram engagement via the process of value co-creation. Method: We collected data regarding Instagram engagements of 10 Australian SMEs in eight months period using Instagram API. Qualitative analysis is conducted based on 2110 contents in a Poisson regression model. Content analysis and time-series visualizations are employed to investigate the uniqueness of several outliners in the dataset. Results: Findings imply that SMEs should bank on @Tagging instead of #Hashtags to get more engagement as contents with @Tagging show higher levels of inclusiveness and trustworthiness. Also, customized postings for the locispecific audience effectively encourage followers to participate in conversations, while commercial intensive posting style shows adverse effects due to its low level of credibility. Rich media contents would not necessarily reel in more engagement; the commitment and consistent postings amassed a considerable number of followers over time, leading to a higher engagement rate. Conclusions: This study confirmed the benefits of data scraping in building business intelligence and validate the IVF framework as the theoretical background to investigate the effectiveness of Instagram micro-practices. IVF should be considered in designing social media practices to enable SMEs and followers' collaborations for business value generation. This study provides extra interpretations of the interrelationships between IVF, visual-rich contents, and social media engagement.

This article examines the relationship between youth, digital technology and civic engagement, within the context of the authoritarian democracy of Singapore. In-depth interviews with 23 young activists were conducted to provide information regarding the emergence of digital activism. The findings are presented in three parts. First, the article explains how activism has been understood in the Singaporean context, and how young activists understand, appropriate or reject this concept. Through this exercise of (re)defining activism, we are able to see how ICT goes beyond its function as a tool, and for young activists becomes an important component of their political lexicon. Second, the article examines generational shift through the young activists’ own accounts of their parents and seniors, including how the prominence of ICT differs between older and younger activists. Third, it explores current use of ICT in activism, examining different types of technology and their advantages ...

Lässt sich die politische Problemlage unserer Zeit literarisch erfassen? Was ist die Rolle von Literatur im globalen Kapitalismus? Lässt sich ein dauerhafter Arbeitszusammenhang von Autorinnen und Autoren organisieren? Diesen Fragen widmete sich im April 2015 eine Schriftstellertagung unter dem Titel „Richtige Literatur im Falschen?“, die im Literaturforum im Brecht-Haus stattfand. In Zentrum stand die Frage nach dem Verhältnis zwischen Literatur, Engagement und kapitalistischer Gesellschaft. Der Band „Richtige Literatur im Falschen?“ zeichnet die Tagung dokumentarisch nach und präsentiert darüber hinaus aktuelle Statements der Beteiligten. Mit Beiträgen von Ann Cotten, Annett Gröschner, Joachim Helfer, Jan Loheit, Thomas Meinecke, Norbert Niemann, Helmut Peitsch, Monika Rinck, Kathrin Röggla, David Salomon, Stefan Schmitzer, Erasmus Schöfer, Ingo Schulze, Ingar Solty, Enno Stahl, Thomas Wagner, Michael Wildenhain und Raul Zelik.

Collaborative methodological approaches, increasingly popular within anthropology, emphasize the need to build meaningful engagements with participants that include them more deeply as partners in the process of research, from inception to textual representation. In this article I engage with methodological debates about collaboration to argue for greater disciplinary and narrative openness about the modes of relational detachment and disconnection that emerge within fieldwork collaborations. Through a series of reflective fieldwork vignettes, I consider three types of collaborative detachment. These include how the diverse and competing relational obligations within fieldwork can shift collaboration into the terrain of collusion and complicity, how participants may demand a detached stance as a preferred mode of engagement, and how the conflicting effects of anthropological engagements on participants’ life projects may demand of us ethical modes of detachment. Through these examples, I argue for a more nuanced debate about the politics and ethics of detachment within collaborative anthropology.

Borrowing from film and filmmaking styles, techniques and devices that manipulate spectators ’ attention and experience, this paper proposes an approach to inform design of games and gameplay to manipulate player’s focus of attention and encourage contemplation – in design features, characters, story elements, etc. or even break the player’s engaged attention in the game/virtual world altogether – to provide meaning, experience and opportunities for learning. Focusing on film styles alternative to the continuity style of Hollywood filmmaking, we discuss examples of design for contemplative gameplay in game-based learning environments/serious games, machinima and augmented and mixed reality games in previous, current and future projects. We propose that one goal of game design is to establish a rhythm between contemplation and engagement, and the appropriate rhythm is determined largely by a game’s genre, platform and/or narrative.

The distribution of vegetation within urban zones is well understood to be important for delivery of a range of ecosystem services. While urban planners and human geographers are conversant with methodologies for describing and exploring the volumetric nature of built spaces there is less research that has developed imaginative ways of visualising the complex spatial and volumetric structure of urban vegetation from the treetops to the ground. Using waveform LiDAR data to measure the three-dimensional nature of the urban greenspace, we explore different ways of virtually, and tangibly engaging with volumetric models describing the 3D distribution of urban vegetation. Using waveform LiDAR data processed into voxels (volumetric pixels) and experimenting with a variety of creative approaches to visualise the volumetric nature of the data, we describe the development of new methods for mapping the urban green volume, using a combination of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Minecraft, 3D printing and Computer Numerical Control (CNC) milling processes. We demonstrate how such methodologies can be used to reveal and explore the complex nature of the urban green volume. We also describe the outcome of using these models to engage diverse audiences with the volumetric data. We explain how the products could be used readily by a range of urban researchers and stakeholders: from town and city councils, to architects and ecologists.

The use of mobile interactive technology, in museum settings, has the potential of providing young audiences engaging and enjoyable learning activities. As museum visitors are increasingly looking for entertaining experiences inside museums, the dichotomy between learning and entertainment is blurring. In this paper, we present the Ocean Game, a treasure-hunt based mobile game in which 9-10 years old children search and collect a plethora of marine animals and learn about their key characteristics in the context of the Natural History Museum of Funchal (NHMF), Portugal. In this study, our aim was to fuse engagement and entertainment by offering a gaming experience in line with the learning goals of the museum. To evaluate the overall enjoyment and the information that was gained by the children, we compared the performance of players that were engaged with the Ocean Game with the performance of children taking a traditional guided tour. Analysis of the data supports our initial supposition, as children preferred to explore and enjoy the museum space through a gamified approach. Nevertheless, several shortcomings were found in the informal learning aspects of the game. Discussion and future work sections will tackle next steps regarding these issues.

The allocation of rewards for faculty members in universities has been of much interest to organizational scholars. Though faculty members play a pivotal role in the execution of higher education strategy, the performance management system and pay structure still remains clouded in controversy among academics, popular writers and practitioners. Given the tripartite mandates of higher education, majority of the faculty members devote much of their time (75%) on teaching whereas the other 25 % on research and community services as stipulated in the majority of university senate legislations in Ethiopian higher education. The objective of this study was to examine the link between performance and pay in the context of Ethiopian higher education. Based on the conceptual Model of Expectancy Theory of Motivation, review of secondary sources, lived experience of the researchers and experience gained from international universities, the study shows that there is a poor linkage between pay a...

This chapter in an edited collection, published by the CNRS, seeks to establish a new critical approach in Beat Studies; taking the form of a conceptual framework foregrounded in the ontological that intermingles French Existentialist theory with the American philosophical and cultural rationale of Beat writing.
In Part 1, the chapter elucidates the great range of definitions for Existentialism in mid-20th century and proceeds by shaping a version of Existentialism that takes into consideration the variety of cultural and literary legacies referenced in Beat texts. Part 2 explores how the American Romantic tradition in particular – heavily referenced in the writings – may be combined with this ontological model; bringing a vertical and transcendental dimension into the conception of a ‘Beat’ Existentialism.

This study explores how digital storytelling (DST) approaches can be used for social media campaigns to create more engaging digital content. The ability to better engage with networked publics offers benefits to entities of different scale and scope, since in doing so they establish stronger relationships with their consumers and publics.

PALABRAS CLAVE: Homeland, Sully, Clint Eastwood, locura, compromiso,
héroe

Mediante el análisis de algunas escenas seleccionadas del último capítulo de la sexta temporada de Homeland y de la película Sully, reflexiono sobre el origen etimológico del término “compromiso” y su relación con la figura del héroe. ¿Son ámbitos diferenciados, irreconciliables o, en momentos determinados, él héroe puede lidiar con cierta locura que implicaría la realización del acto heroico, de un compromiso con su sociedad?.

KEYWORDS: Homeland, Sully, Clint Eastwood, madness, engagement, hero

Through the analysis of selected scenes from the last chapter of Homeland's sixth season and the film Sully, I reflect on the etymological origin of the term “commitment” and its relation to the hero‟s character. Do they belong to different or irreconcilable areas, or at certain moments, can the hero deal with a certain madness that would imply the accomplishment of the heroic act, of a commitment to his/her society?.

Resumen
El presente trabajo pretende conocer si existe una estrategia de comunicación transmedia en Gadis, una empresa de supermercados gallega cuya publicidad destaca por las campañas “Vivamos como galegos!”. Se ha llevado a cabo un análisis de cuatro spots publicitarios para identificar sus elementos narrativos característicos, además de un análisis de contenidos de Gadis y “Vivamos como galegos!” en sus redes sociales y las páginas webs. Asimismo, se ha comparado su estrategia de comunicación con la de la competencia regional, además del engagement generado en dichas plataformas por las marcas. Por último, se han realizado dos entrevistas para obtener una perspectiva profesional y una académica sobre el tema. Todo ello posibilita reconocer unos insights de pertenencia que permiten diferenciar a la marca de la competencia, la fidelización de una audiencia cada vez más comprometida y el diseño de un mapa con los contenidos expandidos de forma transmedia en su conjunto.
Palabras clave: Gadis, “Vivamos como galegos!”, estrategia de comunicación, transmedia, insight de pertenencia, ser gallego, engagement.

Souvent rabattue sur des stéréotypes réducteurs, la protection animale constitue une cause militante des plus anciennes et complexes. Du début du XIX e siècle jusqu'à nos jours, de multiples entrepreneurs de morale s'indignent du traitement que les hommes réservent aux bêtes et se mobilisent afin de corriger la brutalité de leurs contemporains. D'abord préoccupée par la cruauté à l'égard du bétail, ce n'est qu'à l'issue de longues péripéties que la protection animale s'étend aux animaux de compagnie et, bien plus tardivement encore, aux espèces sauvages et à leurs milieux naturels. En s'appuyant sur une comparaison franco-britannique, cet ouvrage retrace les inflexions successives à l'origine des multiples facettes qui caractérisent, aujourd'hui encore, la protection animale. Indissociables des évolutions de la philanthropie, bien antérieures à l'apparition des mots d'ordre de l'écologie, les mobilisations collectives en faveur du sort des animaux éclairent plusieurs processus cruciaux de notre histoire sociopolitique : évolution des sensibilités et des émotions socialement valorisées ; définition de la violence légitime ; constitution des normes visant à réformer les moeurs ; rivalité des élites se réclamant de diverses formes d'autorité ; influence des religions sur les engagements militants ; effets des discriminations de genre.

Purpose -This study seeks to extend research on the relationship between empowering leadership, empowerment and outcome variables by examining the mediating role of employee engagement. More specifically, the study sets out to test whether employee engagement mediates the effects of empowering leadership and empowerment on affective commitment and turnover intention. Design/methodology/approach -The sample on which conclusions are based consisted of 139 employees of a community health service. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equations modelling (SEM) were used to test the measurement and structural models proposed. Findings -CFA showed acceptable fit indices for the measurement model after respecifying a reduced number of items for the explanatory variables. Structural equations modelling of a respecified model also yielded acceptable fit indices and showed that empowerment mediated the influence of empowering leadership on engagement. Engagement was shown to partially mediate the influence of empowerment on affective commitment, which in turn influenced turnover intentions.

This book is now available for FREE to download at: https://tinyurl.com/MotivatingStudents2pdf

The title of the book, Motivating Students by Design, was chosen because the author explains how instructors can motivate students intentionally through the design of their courses. The two primary purposes of this book are to present a motivation model that can be used to design instruction and to provide practical motivation strategies and examples that can be used to motivate students to engage in learning. Based on decades of research, Dr. Brett Jones presents a framework to organize teaching strategies that motivate students. All of the strategies presented are followed by several examples, which provide readers with over 100 ideas for how the strategies can be implemented in courses. This book will be useful to graduate students and beginning professors, as well as professors who are more experienced and want to refine their instruction or try new strategies.

This report summarises the research conducted by the Australia India Institute for the Commonwealth Department of Education and Training on developments in India’s higher education sector. It outlines key areas of difference between the higher education systems in Australia and India and highlights the challenges and opportunities for effective engagement between Australian universities and Indian higher education institutions.

Engagement with the school community is always a challenge for principals and school leaders, especially when contact is instigated from the school. This article looks at the ways one school and its community developed new ways of interacting with each other due to the effects and aftermath of the Christchurch earthquakes. It also looks at the way teaching staff and support staff became autonomous in collaborating to meet the needs of the children and families at the school. As the school became recognised as a vehicle for helping the community, a culture of collaborative relationships developed between the school, external agencies and parents. The progression from collaborative relationships to relational trust resulted in an increase of social capital and social cohesion. The changes that evolved through leaders, teachers and parents building strong relationships are highlighted as desirable and essential in order to build a successful school.

FR :
Cet article s’intéresse aux modalités de médiation interpersonnelle et numérique mises en œuvre au sein d’un musée de beaux-arts à l’intention du public adolescent. Une étude réalisée au Musée des beaux-arts de Montréal (MBAM) a permis de rendre compte de l’expérience muséale d’adolescents (n = 35) ayant participé à une visite guidée par une médiatrice et une visite assistée par un parcours-jeu sur tablette numérique. À partir d’un modèle de la situation pédagogique et du concept d’engagement (comportemental, cognitif et émotionnel), les deux contextes de visites sont observés puis comparés. Les résultats sont ensuite présentés selon les deux modalités de médiation. Les données quantitatives permettent d’estimer la superficie visitée, le nombre d’œuvres vues et le temps d’observation, tandis que les données qualitatives montrent la perception et l’appréciation de ces deux expériences de visite par les participants. Comme les mêmes adolescents ont expérimenté les deux modalités de médiation, une approche comparative nous permet de rendre compte des différentes formes de leur engagement et de leurs préférences de visite.

EN:
This article is interested in the modalities of interpersonal facilitation and digital implementations within a fine arts museum for teenage audiences. A study performed at the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts (MMFA) involved an experiment with teenagers (n = 35) who participated in a visit guided by a facilitator, as well as in a visit accompanied by a route-discovery game on digital tablets. Starting from a pedagogical model and from the notion of engagement (behavioural, cognitive and emotional), the two visit contexts are observed and then compared. The results are then presented according to the two facilitation modalities. The quantitative data allows for an estimation of the total area visited, the number of works seen, and observation time, while the qualitative data illustrates the participants’ perception and appreciation of these two visit experiences. As the same teenagers experienced the two facilitation modalities, a comparative approach enables us to report on the different forms of their engagement and their visit preferences.

In this chapter, our objective is to explore the past, present and future of measuring the construct of engagement. We first introduce some of the more prominent approaches to measuring student engagement from general education, including student self-report, experience sampling, teacher ratings of students, interviews and observations (Hofkens & Ruzek, 2019). We describe how each approach has been applied to measuring engagement, examine their validity and reliability and discuss the strengths and weakness of each measurement approach for L2 researchers. We also examine several widely used self-report measures in student engagement research with reference to their operational definitions, use, samples and psychometric properties. We elaborate on considerations related to the measurement of engagement in L2 learning, such as the differentiation between L2 engagement and related constructs, the variety of purposes for measuring L2 engagement, and measuring general versus domain-specific L2 engagement (e.g. task- and skill-specific engagement). Finally, we summarize the limitations of currently available instruments for eliciting engagement data and discuss directions for future development in the field.

With growing digitization, the challenge for marketers is to understand how consumers consuming Over-The-Top (OTT) content adopt and consume messages in this format effectively. Superimposing the theoretical framework of Uses and Gratification meant for television to internet platform, this paper in a novel approach tries to understand the consumption patterns and adoptability factors of OTT among consumers. The qualitative methodology adopted for this research, brought out four themes enabling the success of this platform: Convenience, mobility, content and subscription strategies. These strategic parameters will ensure higher engagement levels of the consumers for the OTT content.

L’articulation des émotions et des sentiments moraux avec les logiques d’engagement est désormais bien documentée, en revanche, elle l’est moins avec les processus de désengagement et de démobilisation. Ce sont ces deux articulations interdépendantes que j’explore dans le contexte syrien post-mars 2011, marqué par une « crise révolutionnaire » qui a débouché sur une guerre civile internationalisée toujours en cours. Pour ce faire, je m’appuie sur une enquête de terrain effectuée en 2019 à Gaziantep (Turquie) au cours de laquelle j’ai conduit une série d’entretiens biographiques auprès de six anciens combattants reconvertis dans l’action humanitaire. Suivant une perspective interactionniste et de carrière, j’interroge les parcours de ces anciens combattants et l’expression de leurs émotions et sentiments moraux. J’analyse leur imbrication avec des formes de légitimation et de justification de l’action et avec des références axiologiques dans la (re)présentation du conflit, de la cause et du militantisme. Ce faisant, je mets en lumière la centralité des registres de la corruption, de l’injustice, de la responsabilité et de la culpabilité, ainsi que l’existence d’un continuum entre l’engagement révolutionnaire, armé et humanitaire.


English
From Armed Engagement to Humanitarian Engagement: Activist Trajectories, Emotions and Moral Sentiments in Post-2011 Syria

The manner in which emotions and moral sentiments interact with dynamics of engagement has been well documented. This is not the case, however, in what concerns processes of disengagement and demobilization. It is the latter that this paper explores, focusing on the post-2011 Syrian context, where a “revolutionary crisis” led to an internationalized civil war, one that is still underway. To do so, I draw upon fieldwork conducted in 2019 in Gaziantep (Turkey), where I conducted a series of biographical interviews with six ex-combatants now involved in humanitarian action. Adopting an interactionist and career perspective, I consider the trajectories of these ex-combatants and the manner in which they express their emotions and moral sentiments. I examine the ways in which they legitimate and justify their actions as well as the values to which they appeal in representing the conflict, the cause and their activism. In so doing, I shed light on the central role played by the frames of corruption, injustice, responsibility and guilt as well as on the existence of a continuum spanning revolutionary, armed and humanitarian engagement.

In dit survey-onderzoek is onderzocht welke invloed het communicatieklimaat heeft op de betrokkenheid van medewerkers. Het communicatieklimaat is geoperationaliseerd met de dimensies openheid, participatieve besluitvorming en communicatie met direct leidinggevende. Zowel in de praktijk, waar organisaties streven naar een open en ondersteunend communicatieklimaat om de betrokkenheid van medewerkers te vergroten, als in de theorie, blijkt het lastig om het multidimensionale construct communicatieklimaat te operationaliseren in een (beperkt) aantal dimensies die goede voorspellers zijn voor betrokkenheid (Bartels et al., 2007, 2010; De Moor, 1997). Hoewel we weten dat communicatie belangrijk is voor betrokkenheid, weten we nog niet heel veel over de werking van de verschillende dimensies van het communicatieklimaat op betrokkenheid. De direct leidinggevende had al een belangrijke rol binnen het communicatieklimaat (Bartels et al., 2007; De Ridder et al., 2001; Dennis, 1975; Mathieu & Zajac, 1990; Redding, 1972; Van Vuuren et al., 2007) en wordt zelfs als de mediator beschouwd voor de andere dimensies van het communicatieklimaat (Reeves et al., 2012). Door de reorganisaties die in de afgelopen jaren op grote schaal zijn doorgevoerd, is de communicatieve rol van de direct leidinggevende nog belangrijker geworden. Dit was dan ook de reden om in dit onderzoek bij de dimensie communicatie met direct leidinggevende mediatie te verwachten. De resultaten laten zien dat er wel sprake was van een mediatie-effect tussen de andere dimensies van het communicatieklimaat en betrokkenheid, maar dat deze zeer klein is. Daarnaast was er geen direct effect van communicatie met direct leidinggevende op betrokkenheid. De invloed van communicatie met direct leidinggevende werd zelfs volledig gemedieerd door de andere dimensies van het communicatieklimaat. De belangrijkste conclusie van dit onderzoek is dat participatieve besluitvorming de grootste voorspeller is voor betrokkenheid. Dit wordt ook theoretisch ondersteund (Guzley, 1992; Postmes et al., 2001; Smidts et al., 2001; Trombetta & Rogers, 1988). Als medewerkers kunnen meedenken, verantwoordelijkheid mogen dragen en meebeslissen bij besluiten die henzelf of hun werk betreffen, dan heeft dit een significant positieve invloed op hun betrokkenheid bij de organisatie. Dit betekent niet dat de rol van de direct leidinggevende onbelangrijk is. Integendeel! De direct leidinggevende zal de mogelijkheden voor participatieve besluitvorming moeten faciliteren en het is zijn taak om de medewerkers hierbij te motiveren en te inspireren. Deze kennis is een relevante aanvulling op de huidige wetenschappelijke literatuur over de invloed van het communicatieklimaat op de betrokkenheid van medewerkers. En voor de praktijk betekent de juiste focus op de belangrijkste voorspeller(s) van betrokkenheid van medewerkers, dat deze met gerichte interventies kan worden vergroot.

Students are at risk of food insecurity. We aimed to determine: the prevalence of food insecurity among students; the variables associated with student food insecurity; and appropriate solutions. Participants: We collected data from 339 students at a large state university in the western United States between December 2016 and February 2017. Methods: We used an anonymous online survey that incorporated the USDA US Six-Item Short Food Security Survey. Results: First, 54% of respondents had been food insecure within the last year. Second, students in receipt of financial aid were significantly more likely to be food insecure. Third, respondents proposed solutions to student food insecurity that included on-campus food assistance programs, education initiatives, and off-campus food assistance programs. Conclusions: Our paper contrib- utes to a growing body of knowledge about the extent and causes of, and solutions to, food inse- curity among college students.

Academic engagement describes students' investment in academic learning and achievement and is an important indicator of students' adjustment to university life, particularly in the first year. A tridimensional conceptualization of academic engagement has been accepted (behavioral, emotional and cognitive dimensions). This paper tests the dimensionality, internal consistency reliability and invariance of the University Student Engagement Inventory (USEI) taking into consideration both gender and the scientific area of graduation. A sample of 908 Portuguese first-year university students was considered. Good evidence of reliability has been obtained with ordinal alpha and omega values. Confirmatory factor analysis substantiates the theoretical dimensionality proposed (second-order latent factor), internal consistency reliability evidence indicates good values and the results suggest measurement invariance across gender and the area of graduation. The present study enhances the role of the USEI regarding the lack of consensus on the dimensionality and constructs delimitation of academic engagement.

B 454 G5 opy 1)OWN THE GARDEN PATH (3y Dorothy Qiles SB 454-.G 5 Down the Qarden Path PRACTICAL DIRECTIONS for FLOWER and VEGETABLE GARDENING is one of a series of service books issued by McCalL'S for its readers. The purpose of the booklets is to help the homemaker to arrange and simplify her daily life, enabling her to find time and strength for those interests which lie outside the narrow circle of household cares. Gardening is one such interest, too often thrust aside for want of time. But when America shall have become a land of little gardens as well as of great ones, when the flower-garden on the farm, along the village street, in the suburbs, is the rule and not the exception we shall find a new spirit abroad and a loveliness which will do much to bring beauty to dwell with us. €?.

Si certains en doutaient encore, les années 2010 ont démontré que les jeunes ne sont pas que des « citoyens de demain en formation », rôle dans lequel les cantonnent trop souvent les institutions. Ils sont dès aujourd’hui des acteurs majeurs de nos sociétés. À partir de recherches empiriques menées autour des mouvements de démocratisation en Belgique, Espagne, Turquie, au Liban et au Canada, ce numéro analyse les modalités de l’alteractivisme mis en oeuvre par des jeunes militants sur les places, en ligne ou dans leur vie quotidienne. Dans des contextes différents, les auteurs montrent comment l’engagement se fonde sur la conviction d’un lien étroit entre le changement personnel et la transformation de la société. Ils soulignent aussi les défis et limites de cette culture militante face aux logiques de la politique institutionnelle, de l’autoritarisme et de la violence.

Fantasy sport has risen in popularity in the last decade with the advent of web 2.0. As people from around the world watch sporting events today, the Internet has become an ideal site to instantly disseminate results and achievements for avid fans and followers. This article is an attempt to position fantasy sports in the realm of game studies, drawing from the specific case of fantasy football (soccer in North America). Borrowing from and building on Roger Caillois’ classical game typology, this article seeks to arrive at a nuanced understanding of both fantasy sport as a game and the experience it offers to participants. By using an ethnographic approach, based on in-depth interviews and co-playing sessions, this study closely observes participants’ in-game performances in the Fantasy Premier League. By stitching together information from the interviews with observation of participants’ approaches and preferences along with the performance of their teams, this article identifies the key decisions and processes that a player of fantasy sport is part of. By situating fantasy sport in the ludic debate of preparation versus luck, this article offers unique insights into the various ways that players exert effort to succeed at the game. The use of an approach that examines what players do to their fantasy teams enables this paper to examine players’ psyches and the interrelated elements of fandom, favoritism and loyalty. Analysis of the data offers insights in to the various practices and approaches of players as well as lays the foundation of new concepts.

Approaches to students with Social, Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties (SEBD) are frequently the subject individual interventions in schools that range from disciplinarian to medical model in flavour.  The presumption is that challenging behaviour is foremost a pathology.  It is rare for schools and educators to lean towards an ecological lens on SEBD, and even when these are considered ineffective pedagogy is rarely considered with conviction as a cause for behavioural challenges.  This chapter examines how the design of instruction and assessment is in fact a tool that is capable of addressing SEBD by creating meaningful engagement of the students in question within the classroom.  Universal Design for Learning (UDL) in particular provides teachers with simple, user-friendly principles to consider how to rethink engagement for the full spectrum of diverse learners.

O presente estudo tem como objetivo apresentar os conceitos e fundamentações teóricas, através de pesquisa bibliográfica e análise de estatísticas, de uma estratégia que utiliza a mecânica e o pensamento do design de jogos com o intuito de resolver problemas dentro de um contexto não relacionado a jogos, na intenção entender as reais possibilidades de uma possível aplicação da estratégia em questão na gestão de projetos, com o intuito de se melhorar a performance e reduzir o número de falhas.

This paper explores the relationships between existential fulfillment, engagement and burnout, as well as the contribution of the first two concepts to burnout. In a cross-sectional survey a random sample was drawn (n = 106) from a population of high school teachers. They were given a questionnaire that included demographic, existential fulfillment, burnout and engagement items. 89 respondents (which constituted a response rate of 84%) filled the questionnaire. The average age was 34 years and 60 percent of respondents were female. Participants had been in their current station for an average of four years and had on average 12 years of work experience. Existential fulfillment was positively correlated with engagement and both variables negatively correlated to burnout. These findings have significant implications for positive organizational behaviour and human resource development. It also demonstrates the importance of work engagement and existential fulfillment for the prevalence...