Food consumption pattern

This paper aims to identify predictors of consumer ethnocentrism in the food market. An online survey was conducted in a sample of 1000 Polish consumers, which was representative by sex, age, education level, urban–rural divide, and region. The 10-item CETSCALE was applied. In a retrograde stepwise regression model, consumer ethnocentrism in the food market was positively related to tradition and conformity Schwartz values, to the pride of being Polish, and to such product characteristics as the country of origin, distance from the producer, and natural content. It was negatively related to the universalism value and to being a student. To gain further insights into the predictors of consumer ethnocentrism in the food market for either gender, separate regressions were conducted among men and women. Three predictors affected positively and significantly consumer ethnocentrism in the food market both among men and among women, namely the tradition Schwartz value, pride of being Polish, and importance attached to distance covered by the food product from the producer to the shop, which is related to the preference for local food. Moreover, consumer ethnocentrism among men was dependent on their food choice motive–environmental friendliness, whereas consumer ethnocentrism among women was affected by the importance attached to the product’s country of origin, and it was negatively related to women’s younger age.

This paper sets out to understand the Monga vulnerability in Rangpur region of northwest Bangladesh from the perspective
of affected households. The local term ‘Monga’ means a famine-like situation and it has caught public interest recently.
Based on empirical evidence from five villages in the Rangpur region using different qualitative methods, the findings
highlight that the Monga predisposes the households to multi-sphere experiences of hunger and poverty. It is not just one
consequence of income poverty; rather, the social and livelihood mechanisms of poor households are dysfunctional,
multiply rooted in their entitlements, capabilities, their ways of living, and the negotiations they have with the complex
network of institutions that affect households both singly and synergistically.

Aims: This study aims to analyse the consumption behaviour of millennial tourists in gastronomic tours starting from the stages before, during, and after gastronomic tours, especially in the use of information technology. Place and Duration of Study: This research is done in Yogyakarta and Solo between February 2021 and March 2021. Methodology: This research was conducted with a quantitative approach by collecting data using a questionnaire distributed through an online survey. One hundred twenty-two respondents participated and answered thoroughly. The data analysis technique used is Descriptive Statistics and Regression Analysis. Results: This study shows that most millennial tourists use digital media intensely before, during, and after a gastronomic tour. Digital media is used to find local culinary information and share experiences. Other findings show that social media positively contributes to determining local culinary purchasing decisions in gastronomic destinations by 38.5%.

Taking an exploration into the gendered politics of food, this dissertation interrogates the intimate and complex relationship between gender and food consumption, a relationship which at first glance seems to be trivial and frivolous, but is in fact a significant embodied, political, and cultural practice. It argues that food consumption is an important, embodied practice through which masculinities are disciplined and controlled. Furthermore, it is shown that food consumption (re)produces more broadly assumptions about gender as something that is natural, and essential. It argues that what we eat not only (re)produces gendered binaries, but it is also framed by normalizing discourses of class, race, and sexuality that mask over inequalities and render particular identities invisible. Using three focus groups of both vegetarian and non-vegetarian men, I will argue that vegetarian masculinities simultaneously reinforce and destabilize discourses of normative masculinity which are entirely contextual. In doing this, this dissertation offers an original contribution and an exploration into the everyday, embodied practices in which a group of vegetarian men negotiate normative masculinity.  It will consider the political salience of consuming particular foods, in particular places and raise questions about the intersections of food, gender, race, class, and sexuality. Importantly, I hope to open up a space for further discussion around the sexual politics of food, an area that until now has been given modest attention by feminist scholars.

This report examines soft drink consumption patterns around the world. It takes into account the global trends in soft drink consumption patterns while paying special attention to Sri Lanka‘s soft drink consumption trends in recent years. The report also pays detailed attention to the main social impact from soft drink consumption – its related health implications. The latter portion of the report delves into soft drinks and its sustainability trends in recent years as well as on the marketing tactics of the most popular brands in the world – Coca Cola. The report concludes by briefly focusing on the core reasons for soft drink consumption and the future prospects of the industry as well as on areas that soft drink producers must take into consideration in assessing consumer demand in the future.

This article explores caring through feeding as an important aspect of transnational
family life, and analyzes the practices connected to sending food products home,
supervising what the family eats, and changing consumption patterns. It focuses on Filipino migrants to the United States who maintain transnational ties with their families. With a history of colonial encounter, the United States has been a popular migration destination, and has also strongly infl uenced food consumption.

The study shows the ways in which packages from abroad (balikbayan boxes) express
love and care, and how they allow migrants to control food consumption of the family
in the country of origin. By looking at the goods the immigrants put in the packages,
and the way these are received, it is possible to uncover the dynamics of love, care, and intimacy in transnational families, which often translate into power, tensions, and control among family-members. The article analyses how food products sent in the packages work, bringing with them new ideas and practices, creating imaginaries of migration, and building the social prestige of the immigrant. Using the concept of “social remittances”, the article also shows the changing patterns of food consumption in the Philippines.

Keywords: migration, food parcels, care, consumption patterns, Philippines

The paper is divided into four parts. First, the origins and development of BR are analysed, particularly with regard to the rhetoric and hidden purposes of the Ministry of Food (MF) and of political interests more generally. Second, I will briefly introduce a regional perspective, which, as far as I am aware, has not been attempted before. Third, I will show that pulling together for the war effort was not a feature of the catering sector, where vitriolic criticism was made of the government’s communal feeding policies. Fourth, there is consideration of the food served in BRs.

Abstract: The developmentalist gaze of the Fair Trade movement is on Global South producers. In this article we turn our analytic gaze toward North American fair traders to explore the racialized, neocolonial power relations in which these movement actors are implicated. Section One is a brief historical sketch of Fair Trade certification. We argue that the certification system is a multi-sited, global institution that is shaped by and shapes neocolonial power relations in Fair Trade by exploring the consolidation and more recent splintering of the international certification system. Section Two provides a postcolonial critique of developmentalism, with a focus on the timing of development, in order to lay a foundation for the remaining sections. In Section Three we analyze the spatiality of Fair Trade, with an emphasis on what and who are missing from or erased by the structural and conceptual frameworks of Fair Trade. In Section Four we explore the relationship between Fair Trade, commodity fetishism, and the developmentalist conception of space/time propagated by Fair Trade advocates. Section Five is a critical analysis of the neocolonialist and racist discourse of Fair Trade, with a focus on the “helping” discourse. We contend that as Global North fair traders strive to “help” Global South producers, they re-entrench neocolonial narratives of white supremacy and the desire to develop.

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 pandemic can provoke anxiety, stress, sadness, and fear; therefore, the timely assessment of individual psychological health status is urgently necessary for society.

AIM: The aim of the study was to assess the emotional states (depression, anxiety, and stress), functional health patterns, and self-efficacy among individuals from Egypt, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia during the home quarantine experience associated with COVID-19.

METHODS: A descriptive and cross-sectional research design was applied to a convenience sample that included 704 participants from Egypt, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia. Data collection was performed in April 2020, using a self-administered questionnaire that consisted of a sociodemographic data sheet, the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS), a functional health pattern survey, and the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES).

RESULTS: Overall, the sample was found to have mild-level DASS scores, with significantly higher scores identified for Egyptian participants compared with those from other countries. In contrast, participants from Egypt presented significantly reduced GSES scores than those from other countries. Higher mean DASS scores were identified among females, participants who reported inappropriate housing conditions and participants who were unemployed, young, widowed, and school-educated. A high mean DASS score was significantly associated with reported disturbances in sleep, sexuality, and social communication, work schedule changes, the inability to concentrate on positive thoughts, the inability to empty their brains of daily thoughts, and not caring about regular interactions with family. Increased mean GSES scores were significantly associated with males, participants who reported appropriate housing conditions, participants who live alone, are older, married, hold higher education degrees, and who are employed with sufficient incomes, whereas lower mean GSES scores were significantly associated with participants who reported engaging in regular exercise, experiencing disturbances in sexuality and social communications, and reduced appetites. However, a significant inverse correlation was detected between the mean DASS and GSES scores, with significant positive correlations among the DASS.

CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 quarantine was associated with a mild level of depression stress and normal anxiety levels, with higher psychological distress and lower self-efficacy identified among participants from Egypt. The emotional status of individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic should be explored further, and awareness programs, designed to address the psychological effects of quarantine, should be promoted, through mass media and other means, with consideration of the effects on the general population, COVID-19 cases, individuals with close contacts with COVID-19 cases, and health-care professionals.

En este artículo se analizan los debates públicos más significativos relacionados con la independencia alimentaria en Centroamérica y particularmente en Nicaragua; a partir de tres momentos históricos:
cambiar el gobierno totalitario por la dictadura de los Somoza, el triunfo de la revolución sandinista y la llegada al poder de un gobierno neoliberal al mando de Violeta Chamorro. Se abordan las iniciativas de los grupos en el poder, la participación de los organismos internacionales y la respuesta
de la sociedad civil, en torno a los problemas derivados del hambre y la desnutrición en las clases bajas y las zonas rurales, así como la formación de nuevos hábitos de consumo en las clases media y alta, principalmente en los sectores urbanos. Lo anterior en función de definir los parámetros de una independencia alimentaria en las agendas políticas de la región, a partir de la década de 1980. La metodología consiste en una investigación bibliográfica y de fuentes periodísticas, así como el análisis de los informes emitidos por instituciones externas de bien social.

The object of this thesis is to study and analyze the shell assemblages from four settlements of the Thermaic Gulf: Paliambela Kolindros, Makriyalos Pieria, Archontiko Giannitsa, and Toumba Thessaloniki. The aim was to explore the patterns of molluscan and shell consumption during the Neolithic and the Bronze Age in Central Macedonia. The study adopts a new approach that focuses on the concept of shell biography with the aim to draw away from the traditional approaches to molluscs and to discuss gathering, consumption and refuse as social practices with specific structure and meaning in each case. The methodological tools of the analysis are: macroscopic and microscopic study of each shell (identifications, quantification, size recording, human or natural modifications, etc), study of taphonomy, interpretative classification of species, and contextual analysis of finds in various spatial and chronological scales. In total, 909,009 shells from the four settlements were studied and 51,338 shells from eleven other settlements in the area were re-evaluated. According to the evidence, gathering of molluscs was a specialized and successful economical activity, integrated with the other productive activities in most of the cases. The consumption of molluscs as food was widespread throughout the Neolithic and Bronze Age; this practice had particular characteristics, such as the selection of mainly one species (Cerastoderma glaucum) from the great variety offered by the natural environment. Meanwhile, a small part of the food remnants was recycled for ornament manufacture and was used in every context, domestic or communal. From the Middle Bronze Age onwards, molluscs were also used for the production of purple-dye. These common choices in food and ornament consumption practices were conscious, and thus they constituted one of the several ways that people used to show their identity. However, there is also great diversity in consumption practices in time and in space in response partially to local environmental conditions and partially to the specific socio-economical practices of each community that underlines the dynamic role of human agency.

Purpose This research aims to understand the behaviour of food consumption and waste in Peruvian households at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Design/methodology/approach Exploratory research was carried out with Peruvian households, using a descriptive method design. Data were analysed using descriptive and multivariate statistics. A self-administered questionnaire of 60 questions was used, applied by social networks in May 2020, obtaining 418 valid questionnaires. Findings The main findings allow the identification of a behaviour aiming the avoidance of waste and purchasing with a cost–benefit orientation, which is followed by purchase planning, knowledge and use of information on labels, food storage and cooking skills. Practical implications For companies in the food sector, relevant information is provided on consumer behaviour. For policymakers, elements are provided for the promotion of responsible consumption and zero waste. For the academy, an explanation is provide...

Purpose: This paper aims to analyse selected aspects of the marketing strategy of the first and biggest network of self-service shops with organic products in Poland – Organic Farma Zdrowia. Methodology: The adopted methodology involves a qualitative approach. The case study is based on an analysis of company documents and marketing communication, especially that offered on its website and in its social media channels. Findings: The company specializes in distribution of organic products in Poland. It has gone through organic growth, acquisitions, attracting a Dutch investment fund, and entering the NewConnect stock exchange. It operates based on the model of multichannel distribution, combining physical and online retailing. The assortment consists of 4,000 products, including organic food, cosmetics, and cleaning aids. The company has managed to create 3 own label product lines. The online retailer belonging to the company (organic24.pl) is organized in a professional way, although some improvements are possible. In 2015, the company engaged in ambitious marketing projects. Practical implications: The findings may be useful for the Organic Farma Zdrowia company as certain modifications in its marketing communication are recommended. Other companies operating in the sector may also benefit from the analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the business in question. Furthermore, our case study may offer a framework of reference for researchers interested in this area. Originality: This is the first study to examine the strategy and marketing activities of Organic Farma Zdrowia, a major player in the sector of organic food distribution in Poland.

"In this study, coffee, coffeehouses and cafés are theoretically discussed regarding consumption, sociology of consumption and globalization/glocalization debates, in the case of Starbucks in a middle-sized city Eskişehir. Coffee is an important consumption item in terms of coffee production, consumption and distribution
relationships. Coffee and coffehouses are identified with Oriental culture and coffehouses functioned as a socialization practice and places where people are gathered from Ottoman period to present time. In the West, coffee and café culture, adopted from East, transformed to public spheres with the Enlightenment and
modernization process. Eskişehir is a “globalizing”, “Europeanizing” middle-sized city where middle class has proliferated in the last ten years with the rise of urban transformation. Coffee consumption has differentiating dynamics in Eskişehir. Turkish coffee consumed in coffeehouses and cafes has replaced with various coffee
genres consumed in local and global coffee shop chains, thus coffee consumption itself has been gentrified. Consuming coffee in these places has become one of the fundamental signifiers of segregation. In this sense local chain Kahve Dünyası and global chain Starbucks comprise crucial observation fields to notice coffee consumption in terms of local-global dialectics."

The purpose of this paper is to test if our eating behavior is determined not only by conscious evaluations of certain foods (explicit attitudes), but also by their automatic evaluations (implicit attitudes). Design/methodology/approach In two studies, the authors examined the predictive and incremental validity of these two types of attitudinal measures of eating behavior. Implicit attitudes were assessed with a standard implicit attitude test procedure (target categories were “sweets” and “fruit,” and attribute categories were “good” and “bad”); two explicit attitude measures were assessed: an explicit measure of preference for sweets over fruit and a semantic differential measure. The behavioral measure in Study 1 was the quantity of sweets consumed; in Study 2, it was a relative measure of sweets vs fruit consumption registered through a three-day diary. Findings The relatively low correlation between implicit and explicit attitude measures indicated that these measures at least partially tap into different processes. Implicit attitudes proved to be superior over explicit attitudes in predicting food consumption, especially for consumption registered via diary. This fact suggests that implicit attitudes are powerful drivers of long-term behavior. Practical implications The findings could be useful in tailoring interventions to promote healthier eating habits. Originality/value The research tested predictive power of implicit food-related attitudes. It compared the food consumption in laboratory and real-life settings. A new measure for daily food consumption was developed and it was calculated relative to recommended serving size.

Food insecurity in the UK has captured public attention. However, estimates of its prevalence are deeply contentious. The lack of precision on the volume of emergency food assistance currently provided to those in need is made even more ambiguous due to increasing use of peer-to-peer food sharing systems (e.g. OLIO). While these initiatives exist as a solution to food waste rather than food poverty, they are nonetheless carrying a hidden share of the food insecurity burden, with the socioeconomic status of technology-assisted food sharing donors, volunteers, and recipients remaining obscure. In this article we examine the relationship between food sharing and deprivation generally, before applying machine learning techniques to develop a predictive model of food insecurity based upon aggregated food sharing behaviours by OLIO users in the UK. We demonstrate that data from food sharing systems can help quantify a previously hidden aspect of deprivation and we make the case for a reformed approach to modelling food insecurity.

This paper argues that the time has come for a new approach
to food exchange. Using the literatures of geography and sociology,
it points out that the social constructionism that is being
used increasingly in food studies is inadequate. Its privileging
of human agency has led to an underestimation of the important
of the materiality of foodstuffs. Three dimensions are
proposed for a dematerialisation of research on food exchange
histories.

Introduction: Fruit and vegetable consumption is an important determinant of health and life expectancy. Past research shows that Slovenian adolescents do not consume sufficient amounts of fruit and vegetable. The aim of this study was to analyse the frequency and to examine socio-demographic and socio-economic differences in fruit and vegetable consumption using a nationally representative sample of youth in Slovenia aged 16–27 years.
Method: We analysed survey data from the FES-CEPYUS Slovenian Youth 2013 Study (N = 907; Mage = 21.9; 48.3 % women). Two indicators of dietary habits were analysed: the number of fruit servings and the number of vegetable servings consumed daily (1 = “do not eat fruit/vegetable”; 8 = “6 or more servings daily”).
Results: A relative majority of young people reported consuming only one serving of fruit daily (28.8 %) and one serving of vegetable daily (32.3 %). On average, respondents consumed 3.62 servings of combined fruit and vegetable daily and only 33 % consumed 5 or more servings daily. Chi-square tests indicated that fruit and vegetable intake was higher among women (compared to men) and among youth from high-status families (compared to low- and middle-status families), while other socio-demographic and socio-economic differences were not statistically significant.
Discussion: Two thirds of young people in Slovenia do not consume the recommended daily amounts of fruit and vegetable. The results of this study provide a basis for programmes and measures for raising fruit and vegetable consumption among young people, which should especially focus on young men and youth from low-status families, also by emphasizing the beneficial health effects of fruit and vegetable consumption.

Izhodišča: Uživanje sadja in zelenjave je pomemben dejavnik zdravja in pričakovane življenjske dobe. Pretekle raziskave kažejo, da slovenski adolescenti ne uživajo zadostnih količin sadja in zelenjave. Namen pričujoče raziskave je bil analizirati pogostost in razlike v uživanja sadja in zelenjave na reprezentativnem vzorcu mladih v Sloveniji, starih med 16 in 27 let.
Metode: Uporabljeni so bili podatki anketne raziskave slovenske mladine Youth 2013 (N = 907; N = 907; Mstarost = 21,9; 48,3 % žensk). Analizirali smo dva indikatorja prehranjevalnih navad, in sicer število enot zaužitega sadja in zaužite zelenjave dnevno (1 = »ne jem sadja/zelenjave«; 8 = »6 ali več enot dnevno«).
Rezultati: Največji delež mladih dnevno zaužije le eno enoto sadja (28,8 %) in eno enoto zelenjave (32,3 %). Mladi dnevno v povprečju zaužijejo 3,62 enot sadja in zelenjave, le 33 % pa jih zaužije pet ali več enot dnevno. Hi-kvadrat testi so pokazali, da sadje in zelenjavo v večji meri uživajo ženske ter mladostniki iz družin z višjim materialnim statusom. Ostali sociodemografski in socioekonomski dejavniki niso bili statistično značilni.
Razprava: Dve tretjini mladih v Sloveniji ne uživa priporočenih dnevnih količin sadja in zelenjave. Rezultati pričujoče študije lahko predstavljajo podlago za programe in ukrepe na področju zviševanja uživanja sadja in zelenjave med mladimi, ki bi morali biti usmerjeni še posebej na mlade moške in mlade iz socioekonomsko depriviligiranih družin, med drugim tudi s poudarjanjem pozitivnih zdravstvenih učinkov uživanja sadja in zelenjave.