Global Economy

In today's global economy, increasing numbers of companies and the former Soviet Union [2, 20]. If internationally foare entering the international marketplace. For many companies, cused firms are to be successful, they must understand dithe role played by the sales manager will ultimately determine verse customer needs and demonstrate expertise in imthe success of the firm. Whereas all sales managers plan, imple-plementing marketing programs in distinct cultural settings ment, and control activities, these areas of responsibility become [23]. Although international sales managers face-on a far more complex in the global arena. This article examines the greatly expanded basis-similar duties that exist in domestic principal managerial functions, discusses specific situations, and markets, the adoption of international strategies increases provides guidelines to assist sales managers with their role in the complexity of the sales management process. This inthe global marketplace, cludes planning and implementing successful marketing strategies in distinct parts of the world; selecting, training,

Economic polarization among different regions is common phenomenon in literature and it results into unequal growth and income inequalities within regions. Economists points out that whenever economies achieve higher growth they presumed that it would automatically trickle down to poor. Anderson (1964) and Aaron (1977) pointed out that there is an inverse relationship between economic growth and income distribution. So in this present paper we analyze economic polarization in Madhya Pradesh over the two decades 2000 and 2011 using per capita consumption expenditure (PCCE) and work participation rate (WPR). We show that multidimensional polarization (on rural-urban and region) has increased since the 2000. Overall, our results suggest that high growth witnessed by Madhya Pradesh since the bifurcation of it in the year 2000 has been associated with widening disparities within districts. Out of total 50 districts, same 15 numbers of districts is in high and middle income group and 20 a...

Current debates about genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in agriculture reveal substantial differences in perception of the associated risks and benefits. Genetically modified crop varieties promise benefits to both farmers and consumers, and can lower damage to the natural environment, for example by reducing pesticide use. But some other environmental issues, together with food safety and ethical concerns with the production and use of GMOs, are being raised as potential negative aspects of GMOs. Hence the recent Biosafety Protocol with its endorsement of the use of the precautionary principle. However, if that Protocol were to encourage discriminatory trade barriers or import bans, or even just long delays in approving the use of imported GM seeds, it may be at odds with countries' obligations under the World Trade Organization. The first part of this paper provides a brief overview of the trade policy issues at stake here. The distributional consequences of adopting GMO technology in agriculture within and between countries, and of proposed trade-related policy responses, cannot be determined a priori. Hence the need for empirical modelling of the economic effects of GMO adoption. The second part of the paper illustrates how such policy or consumer responses can alter significantly the potential size of the global GMO dividend and its distribution. This is done using a wellreceived empirical model of the global economy (GTAP) to quantify the effects on production, prices, trade patterns and national economic welfare of certain countries' farmers adopting GM maize and soybean crops without and with trade policy or consumer responses in Western Europe (where opposition to GMOs is most vocal).

Entrepreneurship is a prime activity for the economic growth of any country. It goes hand in hand with manufacturing and service industry. In fact, it works as a pillar to the economic and social welfare of the country. It also helps in wealth creation in the nation. It is an opportunity to identify the market need and exploit the available resource in such a way that drives to gain long-term economic benefits. Though, this adventurous activity is full of enthusiasm and there are a lot of challenges affecting the entrepreneurship. It is also wonderful to note that in today's swiftly changing global economy, Indian economy has a major role to play. Looking at the importance of the topic, the present paper will be developed with the objective of analyzing the entrepreneurial opportunities and challenges in globalizing Indian economy.

This study describes the optimality in resource utilization of the manufacturing firms in the south-west region of Bangladesh. A translog production function has been estimated to describe the input-output relationship. The large scale firms have the opportunity to substitute capital for labour for producing the same level of output. On the other hand, scarcity in capital leads to lower productivity of labour in medium and small firms. Therefore, an increase in capital may lead to an increase in labour productivity as well as output for these small and medium firms. The productive labour force may ensure proper utilization of the capital resources as well as the long run growth.

The objective of our paper is to contribute to the accounting education literature by demonstrating that there are significant differences among final year undergraduate accounting students in the United Kingdom, Australia, India, and Malaysia with respect to an important concept in auditing, namely, perceptions of external auditors’ independence. To attain this objective, we make an original contribution to accounting cross-cultural studies by operationalizing culture in terms ofindependent and interdependent construals of selfhood. These fundamental core cultural differences are important because they play a major role in regulating psychological processes including perceptions. Additionally, to gain insight into the evolving complexities associated with understanding culture in a global economy, the concept of acculturation is invoked in hypothesis formulation. We find support for the hypothesis that students from countries with greater political, economic and socio–cultural inte...

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This paper reflects on the violent conflicts in the Niger-Delta region of Nigeria that threaten
the nation's oil-dependent mono-economy and corporate existence. The Delta region's crises
caused loss of lives and properties until government granted amnesty to her militants and
created the Niger Delta Ministry to take care of the peoples' agitations. While these measures
have yielded some positive results, the peace in the region is marred by a resurgence of
violence through activities of aggrieved militant groups that unleashed terror on the Delta
communities and vandalised pipelines as they expressed dissatisfaction with the Nigerian
state and the Multinational Oil Corporations. As it re-examines the immediate and remote
causes of the crises, the paper adopts the methods of historical and conceptual analyses to
argue for stakeholder's commitment to ethics of civility as the lasting solution. Thus,
identifying social egoism as the basis of the Niger Delta crises, it argues that ethics of civility,
which it perceives as the commitment to the well-being of the self, others and the environment
without neglecting future generations, is a way of addressing the Niger Delta crises. By
construing social egoism as the tendency of a group to act to protect its interests, it debates
that the pursuit of group-interest devoid of concomitant consideration for existing and
potential (future) generations, and the environment, would continue to impact negatively on
crises resolution efforts and impede national peaceful co-existence if not properly addressed.

Keywords: Violent conflicts, Social egoism, Ethics of civility, Government, Multinational
Oil Corporations, Stakeholders.

In this regard, several opportunities have opened up in the last few years. Calabria belongs to the Regions of Objective 1 of The European Union (regions with development delay), characterised by a PIL value less than 75% of the community average. In order to recuperate the economic and social delay of these areas, the European Union finances development with Structural

The importance of metropolitan regions as national growth and development engines, and in particular as driving forces in national as well as global innovation processes is well recognized. This paper highlights the role of metropolitan regions in different contexts in order to lay a foundation for future research on metropolitan regions and their development. Specifically, the paper dwells on the role of metropolitan regions as nodes in national and international networks and as nodes of knowledge generation and innovation. Further, market potential as a concept describing the economic concentration to and the opportunities of making contacts within and between metropolitan regions is introduced. Additionally, the internal dynamic of metropolitan regions and the role of fast and slow processes is described. Lastly this paper illustrates how the input and output market potentials represent factors that adjust slowly and that play the same role for metropolitan development as metropolitan infrastructure.

Volatile oil prices. Looming climate change. Worldwide economic and political unrest. Worsening traffic congestion. Crisis in transportation financing. As we begin to face the consequences brought about by uncontrolled growth and neglected carbon awareness, we realize that America's ongoing love affair with the car will continue to cause widespread environmental impacts and global conflicts over oil supply. These challenges and their solutions are the ongoing focus of research by the Institute of Transportation Studies (ITS) at UC Davis. For over two decades, understanding the challenges and solutions have been the nexus of Institute's work. Dr. Dan Sperling and Dr. Tom Turrentine will present their insight of current strategies and research, and promulgate their unique and optimistic views of the rapidly evolving transportation and energy solutions of the future. The duo will unveil how new technologies will allow consumers to access a suite of transportation and energy applications, ranging from dynamic real-time ride sharing applications, to programs that help consumers conserve energy in their cars and homes. As tomorrow's advanced transportation technologies rapidly unfolds, will Lake Tahoe's environmentally sensitive communities be ready to drive to a sustainable future? Presenters:

Land change science has demonstrated that rural livelihoods around the world both drive and reflect changing environmental regimes and political economic/structural transformations. This article explores the relationship between increasingly globalized rural livelihoods and in-place land change, assessing results from social surveys of smallholding households in the southern Yucatán region. We examine evidence for a transition in agricultural livelihood strategies as smallholders adjust to changing political economic and institutional conditions, and link these transitioning strategies to land use changes. Based on household surveys in 1997 and 2003, we comparatively assess both changes in the selection of livelihood strategies and in the land use and cover impacts of those strategies. Our results indicate that although impacts of given strategies have changed little over this period, there are increasing proportions of households pursuing two divergent adjustment paths—one of agricultural withdrawal and one of agricultural intensification and commercialization. We investigate what sociodemographic characteristics differentiate the groups of households following distinct livelihood strategies. Our findings point to the possibility of simultaneous and contradictory land change outcomes as smallholders adjust in different ways to their intensified incorporation into global economies.

Customer eXperience is a blue print of customer requirements. In this era of heightened competition and volatile global economy, delivering services originating from diverse sources, without satisfying thorough customer experience practices may increase ...

and Business Management European Union enlargement, the existence of new needs and demands, requires the development of innovation and quality of public administration, which means improving public services in the global economy as a requirement of competitiveness. The European Union hopes to achieve the major objectives in what concerns the electronic government by 2010; actions necessary to achieve them are adopting solutions based on information and communication technologies in the Romanian public administration, aimed at developing modern public services. This paper presents some best experiences of e-governance in Romania and the results of e-governance in Gorj County, and the degree of implementation and use by citizens.

International business endeavors require people to communicate across cultural and national boundaries. For the past 20 years scholars have explored the ways in which culture influences work habits and values, communication styles, and business practices. Along with the trend toward a global economy, there is today a greater recognition among specialists that cultural differences affect all facets of international business. Because of this, librarians serving practitioners and scholars of international business are challenged to provide information aimed at making the business professional more productive in culturally diverse environments. Provides a brief overview of the topic of cultural diversity in business literature. Follows this with an extensive bibliography of current English-language works offering theoretical and applied approaches to this theme. Includes an annotated list of organizations involved in the cultural aspects of international business.

We describe an agent-based computational model that simulates the distribution of wealth in three classes: upper, middle and lower. The experimental data show us that: (1) the wealth of economy based on renewable resources is increasing if the resource growth interval is decreasing with the condition that the other factors remained unchanged; (2) the wealth of an economy based on renewable resources is higher in comparison with the wealth of an economy based on nonrenewable resources. This conclusion stresses the fact that the global economy must focus on using renewable resources because this approach may increase the global wealth.

SUMMARY - It is nowadays widely accepted that the increasing concentration of the so-called greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is altering the Earth's radiation balance and causing the temperature to rise. This process in turn provides the context for a chain of events which leads to changes in the different components of the hydrological cycle, such as evapotranspiration rate, intensity

Global economy is transforming the sources of the competitive advantages of firms, especially for firms embedded in local manufacturing systems. Based on the theoretical contributions to knowledge management and industrial districts, this paper describes alternative firm's strategies and upgrading options by exploring the relationships among innovation, marketing and network technologies. Starting from the analysis of the Global Competitiveness Report and the European Innovation Scoreboard, this paper focuses on the case of firms specializing in the "Made in Italy" industries (fashion, furniture, home products) to outline a framework explaining the new competitive opportunities for SMEs. Through a qualitative analysis,this paper presents four case studies of Italian firms that promote successful strategies based on a coherent mix of R&D-based innovation, experienced marketing and design, by leveraging on ICT.

Recent developments in the global economy and in multinational corporations have placed significant emphasis on the cognitive orientations of managers, giving rise to a number of concepts such as "global mindset" that are presumed to be associated with the effective management of multinational corporations (MNCs). This paper reviews the literature on global mindset and clarifies some of the conceptual confusion surrounding the construct. We identify common themes across writers, suggesting that the majority of studies fall into one of three research perspectives: cultural, strategic, and multidimensional. We also identify two constructs from the social sciences that underlie the perspectives found in the literature: cosmopolitanism and cognitive complexity and use these two constructs to develop an integrative theoretical framework of global mindset. We then provide a critical assessment of the field of global mindset and suggest directions for future theoretical and empirical research.

Information and communication technology has changed rapidly over the past 20 years, with a key development being the emergence of social media. Social media alludes to all applications and websites or blogs that empower individuals around the globe to interconnect through the web, chat, and share substance, video call among numerous other functionalities it offers to its clients. For a individual to be a part of any social media, he or she has got to begin with signup and after that sign in to get to substance and be able to share and chat with other clients of that social media stage. Over the past two decades, social media have picked up so much development and popularity around the world to an degree that numerous analysts are presently inquisitive about learning more almost these social stages and their impacts on the community. Despite the reality that nearly everybody within the community is associated to at slightest one social media stage, the youth and young people are the...

This paper examines theoretical rationales for the development of complementary, subnational currencies in tandem with the upward adoption of supranational money (for example the Single European Currency) and globalised, stateless finance. It discusses the ideological foundations of competing perspectives on money and society, which are here termed 'orthodox' and 'alternative' approaches. From each of these worldviews derives value-laden claims advocating the adoption of a range of monetary alternatives. The policy objectives of many contemporary regional and local currencies include poverty alleviation, financial deregulation, local economic development, independence from the state or from global economic processes, community development, strengthening social capital and capacity building and redefining economic values. The most common form of local currency in the UK, the Local Exchange Trading Scheme (LETS), appears relevant to each of these agendas, and is consequently gaining support among policymakers and Local Authorities. LETS and other complementary currencies are thus a creative, innovative and increasingly mainstream policy tool with a potentially important role to play in the development of localities, alongside national and international currencies. The policy implications of this are twofold: first, policymakers should support the growth of complementary currencies; second, state welfare policy should be rethought to encourage the jobless and the poor to engage in self -help activities of this sort and so tackle social exclusion within the global economy at a grassroots level. Finally, while LETS appears to be a pluralistic initiative, its 'mainstreaming' is not unproblematic: it risks the neglect and erosion of the 'alternative' aspects which make this local currency so distinctive.

It has been the traditional belief that profits and ethics are at odds with each other in the world of business. Corporate governance appears to be a hindrance or a drag on profit maximization. This work shows that moral codes, public interest and social values pose no threat to profit maximization of any firm. It is demonstrated with the illustration of transfer pricing and public goods-based economy that profits and ethics are quite compatible within the strait jacket of societal norms and corporate goals.

This paper focuses on the study of transnational corporations and their business development through foreign direct investments made in other countries, mostly greenfield type countries. The objective of this paper is to determine the impact of these companies enlargement on the Romanian retail market, especially on the consumer goods market. Transnational companies have experienced a very dynamic economic growth, enjoying success at first in their country and then expanding to other countries. As independent players on the international market, multinational corporations are becoming more and more powerful every day. Most of these companies record annual sales of ten million dollars each. The most important aspect of business globalization is the interdependence between national economies. In this process, Foreign Direct Investments have an important role, given the fact that the internal resources are not enough to ensure the development and support of businesses hence the need to obtain external resources. Generally, FDI have a strong training effect both in the national and global economy, providing the replacement and modernization of techniques and technologies, increasing production and supply of goods, improving their quality and competitiveness, creating new jobs and growing the quality of life. Thus, each national economy is building its economic development strategy in which investments have a predominant role. Foreign Direct Investment is a major driver of globalization that characterizes the modern economy. Increasing of Foreign Direct Investment flows, accompanied by the increasing of the portfolio investments, highlights the major role played by transnational corporations, especially in developing economies and transition economies. The most important areas in which FDI was made in Romania are: financial intermediation and insurance, trade, construction and real estate, information technology and communication. The entering of retail networks on the Romanian market generated mutations in the forms of trade, causing modern trade, which by 2010 reached a market share of 50% of total trade.

Since becoming the capital of Iran 200 years ago, Tehran has grown to be one of the large cities of the world. During this period, it has attracted people and resources from a vast territory and has become a considerable node in the global economy. This huge concentration of people and resources, however, has suffered from many social and environmental problems. Solving the city's mounting problems would best be undertaken through its citizens engaging in decision making and in the provision of necessary resources.

With growing emphasis being placed on HR competencies as a means to increase HR’s effectiveness, this study seeks to determine if competencies are predictive of success in the HR profession; understand how competencies vary by type of position within HR (entry level, manager, director and executives); determine if there is a relationship between specific competencies and particular responsibilities of HR professionals; and determine the relationship among education, years of HR experience, competencies, and compensation. Numerous areas are identified as gaps between competencies HR professionals should possess compared to current competencies necessary to function effectively as strategic business partners. Researchers in the field of strategic human resource management have emphasized that human resource (HR) practices may lead to higher firm performance and be sources of sustained competitive advantages (Wright, Dunford, & Snell, 2001). Competing in today’s tumultuous global econo...

The current state of rapidly diminishing high-demand resources such as fossil fuels and the concomitant disruption to the global economy is affecting current lifestyle standards on Pacific Islands. Fuel costs are rising, gas rationing is be-coming more frequent, intervals between the scheduled arrivals of container ships are increasing, and the strategic need to reserve fuel supplies for power generation is becoming imperative. How can the Pacific Islands wean themselves from their dependence on fossil fuels, yet assert their independence, maintain or increase current living standards, estab-lish fully functioning economies that need limited or no outside support or intervention, and at the same time preserve and conserve their culture? Presented here is an outline of one possible solution: reviving and revitalizing traditional skills, but with the added intent to modify, accommodate and integrate modern materials and tools. Traditional skills related to sailing, fishing, gardening,...

This article considers the future of 'globalization', conceived here as processes promoting international interconnectedness. Three questions are examined. First, is contemporary globalization unusual compared to past episodes such as 1850-1914? Then there was rapid growth in trade, capital flows and migration comparable to or greater than today. There was also a policy backlash and the widespread adoption of protectionist policies. Second, are contemporary globalization processes undermining national economies and thus hollowing out states? On the contrary, the major states are reinforced in their role of international actors. However, both the global economy and national governments will face crucial challenges during this century, the chief of which is climate change. Such changes will tend to foster conflict and thus reinforce the role of the state, but in a context where governance at every level will be harder to achieve. Third, is economic globalization likely to increase or decrease? Evidence about the effects of borders and the limits to trade expansion are presented, which indicate that we could be close to the limits of feasible globalization.

In the past two decades, governments from around the world have adopted access-to-information laws at a rate unlike any other time in history. This reform in government information policy parallels a global movement of intergovernmental and nongovernmental organizations, which have pressed countries to advance the norm of transparency. Competition in the global economy has also provided a strong incentive for governments to show openness, as business leaders and donor nations contend that access-to-information is critical for efficient markets. Given the growing interaction between governments and transnational firms, and the global emphasis on access-to-information, this cross-national study examines the relationship between business executives' perceptions of transparency in government policymaking, and several indicators suggested in the literature as means to advance the flow of information about government. The study found countries that respondents ranked as ‘most transparent’ had significantly higher levels of access-to-information laws, telecommunication infrastructure, E-Government, free press, and higher income levels, than countries with low transparency levels. Our regression findings indicate that telecommunications infrastructure and free press influenced the perceptions of government transparency in a positive and significant way. The evidence indicates that democracy did not contribute toward the perceptions of transparency. The findings also suggest that nations aiming for openness by adopting access-to-information laws and engaging in E-Government may signal to businesses that their governments are aware of the international norm of transparency—though these conditions are not necessarily sufficient to advance the perceptions of government transparency.

Abstract—Global new product development teams (GNPDT's) are becoming more and more prevalent due to the growing need for companies to compete in a global economy. Managing com-munication in global NPD teams effectively requires sensitivity to the uniqueness of ...

This paper provides an overview of the complex relations among history, education, political economy, and social change in Vietnam. Vietnam has a long history of education and a literate culture. The evolution of Vietnamese culture and society is characterized by both persistence and change. Social and political persistence and change have been profoundly affected by education in Vietnam. In this paper major external influences on Vietnamese education and social change are considered, including Chinese Confucian influences, French colonial influences, Soviet and US influences during the Cold War, and more contemporary international global influences as Vietnam has become part of the global economy and international regimes. The importance influence of the policy of "doi moi" (economic renovation) introduced in 1986 is seen as resulting in a major transformation in Vietnam. The paper concludes with a discussion of Vietnam's future and its goals of developing a modern economy through a priority on the development of human capital through a distinctive Vietnamese educational system, drawing eclectically and creatively on diverse external influences.

Dubai’s Answer to the Challenges of the 21st Century: Organised Crime and Prostitution, in Particular of the Police Forces

István KOVÁCS,  Adrián CSAJKA-VÁNDOR

By now Dubai has not only grown into a futuristic, modern tourist paradise but has also become a major economic power, centralising a certain part of the global capital. This has also been realised by organised crime which tries to make use of accumulated dollar billions by the help of different kinds of crimes often even without using violent means. The present paper analyses, on the one hand, the supply system of Dubai, that is its economy, army, police and social system, on the other hand, the system of international organised crime and trafficking. The method used is critical source analysis, basic historical research, as well as case and judgement/verdict analysis. This is not a classic analysis but a criminal analysis of specific cases. Our strategic aim is to create a database which can show the new profile of the organised crime in the 21st century.


Keywords: oil market, global economy, organised crime, military strategy, Middle East, Gulf States, the “to Dubai” phenomenon

Dubai válasza a 21. század kihívásaira: Szervezett bűnözés és prostitúció, különös tekintettel a rendőri feladatvégzésre.)

Absztrakt

Dubai a millenniumot követően nem csak futurisztikus, modern turisztikai paradicsommá nőtte ki magát, hanem olyan vezető gazdasági nagyhatalommá vált, amely a világtőke egy bizonyos részét centralizálja. Erre a szervezett bűnözés is felfigyelt, a felgyülemlett dollármilliókat különböző bűncselekmények elkövetésével próbálja meg kiszipolyozni, mi több ehhez még gyakorta erőszakos eszközöket sem kell alkalmaznia. A tanulmány tudományos igényességgel egyfelöl Dubai – gazdasági, honvédelmi, rendvédelmi és szociális – ellátórendszerét – vagyis miként emelkedhetett fel az állam -, másfelöl pedig a szervezett bűnözéssel és az emberkereskedelemmel összefüggésben álló nemzetközi „dubajozás” jelenségét vizsgálja. Mindehhez forráskritikai elemzést, történelmi alapkutatást, valamint akta-, és ítéletanalízist alkalmaz. Stratégiai cél egy olyan adatbázis létrehozása, amely a szervezett bűnözés XXI. századi új arculatának megmutatására képes.

kulcsszavak: „dubajozás”, olajpiac, világgazdaság, szervezett bűnözés, katonai stratégia, Közel-Kelet, Öbölállamok

This paper seeks to analyse small-and medium-sized enterprise (SME) managers' representations of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and CSR communication in a corporate communication perspective. The basic question is: how strategic is CSR communication in SMEs? Corporate communication and CSR theories are used to establish an ideal typology of CSR concepts informing an analysis of qualitative data in the form of interviews with three middle managers in two Danish SMEs. A CSR communication model published earlier by the authors is challenged from a SME perspective. Results from an Internet-based questionnaire survey of 1071 SMEs pave the way for the analysis. Our analysis shows that SME managers clearly have an inside-out approach to CSR, with a strong emphasis on the internal (corporate culture) dimension. However, SMEs and/or SME managers tend not to communicate externally about the CSR activities of the company. Based on these findings, the paper argues that CSR communication in SMEs is challenged by the global economy and is under revision.

Conclusion, 121 Cross-Cultural Scenarios, 122 6. Negotiating across Cultures, 125 The Nature of Cross-Cultural Negotiation, 126 Where to Negotiate, 127 Effective Strategies fdr International Negotiators, 129 Concentrate on I Long-Term Relationships, Not Short-Term Contracts 129 Focus on the Interests behind the Positions I30 Avoid Overreliance on Cultural Generalizations 132 Be Sensitive to Timing I33 Remain Flexible 134 Prepare Carefully 134 Anthropology is concerned explicitly and directly with all varieties of people throughout the world, not just those close at hand or within a limited area. It is also interested in people of all periods. Beginning with the immediate ancestors of humans who lived a few million years ago, anthropology traces the development of humans until the present. Every part of the world that has ever contained a human population is of interest to anthropologists. (1999,2) Cultural Anthropology and International Business 3 Cultural anthropologist no longer work only in exotic parts of the world, such as southwest Africa.. .

The current crisis in global capitalism and the wide-ranging problems that have been caused by the promulgation of a regime of deregulation of goods, services, and labor markets across the globe, but especially in the United States over the past thirty years, may indeed prove to be the end of the neoliberal era. Thus it is an opportune time to reconsider how the global economy could be restructured along more equitable and progressive lines. This paper will present the institutionalist vision of just such a good economy, building on the ideas of Veblen, Ayres, Commons, and Galbraith. The institutionalist vision of a good economy is productive but also non-invidious, democratic but also pragmatic, egalitarian but also efficient. The good economy must therefore be embedded in key social institutions, and be regulated appropriately to preserve the most beneficial social and cultural institutions. The good economy must, furthermore, be a full-employment economy, with jobs available to all who are capable of making productive contributions to their society and to enable those who labor to work in decent conditions. Finally, the good economy must provision all its members with the necessary means of subsistence for them to achieve their human aims.

ERP systems are central to the information systems (IS) strategy of most international companies. With the global economy, there is pressure to implement such applications at a global level, in order to control and manage all the company processes at all sites. However, rolling out a global template in each of the different countries is risky as it does not take the local environment into account. Each country has its own specificities: organizational, cultural, political and economic, and these can have an important influence on the potential of the new IS. This case study describes a largely unsuccessful implementation of a French firm's ERP project in its Chinese subsidiary over 18 months. This system has been rolled out successfully elsewhere but our diagnosis suggests that China has particular cultural factors that include language, governance, political and legal issues. r