Gynogenesis

Mean duration of embryonic development and variability of this parameter were studied for seven different progenies in rainbow trout : diploid controls, diploid gynogenetics, triploids resulting from heat shock or from a direct cross between diploid female and tetraploid male, tetraploids, and diploid or triploid hybrids between female rainbow trout and male coho salmon. The main results were : (1) gynogenesis does not change mean duration of embryonic development, but induces larger variability of this parameter ; (2) the higher the ploidy level the shorter the duration of embryonic development : tetraploids hatch before the two types of triploids, which hatch before the diploid controls. On the other hand, within group variability of hatching time is generally greater in these groups than in the control ; (3) in the case of interspecific hybridization, triploidy also reduces duration of embryonic development, relatively to diploid hybrids, but induces greater homogeneity in hatching times than in diploid hybrids.

The importance of genetic variation in the non-speci®c immune responses of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) clones was investigated. Fully inbred clones (IC) of Nile tilapia, produced using gynogenesis and sex reversal, and crosses between these lines (outbred clones) were used in this study. Non-speci®c immune responses were compared between the ICs, including serum lysozyme activity and phagocytosis, and signi®cant dierences were observed between the dierent groups. Their natural resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila infection was also assessed by bacterial challenge. A positive correlation was observed between the level of infection obtained and the non-speci®c immune parameters measured. Cumulative mortalities of ®sh obtained in the study showed that when a IC susceptible to A. hydrophila was crossed with a resistant IC, the resulting progeny exhibited intermediate levels of resistance to that of their parents.

Onion suffers from high inbreeding depression and, as a result, inbreds that are developed lack genotypic and phenotypic uniformity. Gynogenesis has emerged as a potential strategy to address this drawback. Efforts have been made since the 1980s for identifying highly-responsive genotypes and for overall improvement of the protocol for bettering gynogenic frequency in onion. Besides improving media composition, identification of responsive explants and increasing the chromosome efficiency has remained a major area of focus over the years. This article purports to review progress made thus far in the induction of gynogenic haploids in onion, and challenges/opportunities associated with it.

Determination of the gender in sturgeon is very important in fish farmers, as sex is one of the main factors that determine aim of cultivating them. One of the method for maturation monitoring of sturgeons is steroid hormone analysis. On this base the current study used estradiol and testosterone hormones to determine the gender of 2-3-year-old Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) cultivated in sturgeon broodstock farm located in the Zhrebchevo Dam lake, Bulgaria. The serum concentrations of circulating reproductive hormones found in the both sex were similar to the hormonal profiles in previously reports. The results were confirmed also by histological examination, which showed pre-vitellogenic stage (Stage I) in female and maturity (Stage V) at the male individuals. The findings indicate the force of current steroid hormones as a method for sex determination. In conclusion, analysis of circulating reproductive hormones may be a useful method in early determining the sex of Siberia...

In the present study, the development of an efficient and feasible protocol for chromosome preparation from sterlet (A. ruthenus) embryos and larvae was carried out. In the established protocol, the mean efficiency of chromosome extraction ranged from 70 to 100%. The average number of recorded metaphases per slide was between 9 to 15. In general, the most satisfactory results were obtained for embryos at 6 dpf and larvae at the age of up to 7 dph. In the 24 dpf group, chromosome isolation was possible without immersion in spindle poison, however; in successive developmental stages, the minimal immersion time exceeded 1.5 hours, regardless of chorionation. Immersion for 14 hours did not compromise the efficacy of chromosome isolation. In the current study, successful chromosome isolation was determined mainly by hypotonization conditions. Younger developmental stages generally require the shortest hypotonization times, whereas older larvae require longer hypotonization times. The optimal hypotonization period is 5-15 minutes for embryos at 24 dpf, 40 minutes for embryos at 4dpf, and 50-60 minutes for fish at 6 dpf-7 dph. The only exception was the 24 hpf group where only blastula cells were used. An additional overnight fixation step significantly enhanced chromosome quality and supported chromosome counting especially in the 24 dpf group. The quality and quantity of chromosome slides were also significantly determined by tissue type, and the slides prepared from heads (gill cells) produced the best results.

Artificial mitotic gynogenesis, a chromosome set manipulation, is applied to provide the homozygous progeny with only maternal inheritance. Here, gynogenetic development was induced in the sterlet Acipenser ruthenus L. (Acipenseridae) by activation of the eggs originating from albino females with the UV-irradiated spermatozoa from wild-coloured males, followed by the heat shock applied to suppress the first mitotic division in the haploid zygotes. All experimentally obtained gynogenetic offspring possessed recessive albino coloration. Moreover, the genetic verification, based on three microsatellite DNA markers, confirmed the only maternal inheritance in the albino progeny. Cytogenetic screening enabled identification of the aneuploids, haploids, diploids, triploids, tetraploids and mosaic individuals among the gynogenetic larvae that hatched from the eggs subjected to the heat shock. Furthermore, 40% of the larvae from the haploid variants of the research that were not exposed to the temperature shock showed the diploid chromosome number. A variation of the ploidy level observed in the gynogenetic sterlets may be the consequence of the spontaneous polyploidisation that occurred in the haploid zygotes. Moreover, observation during embryogenesis showed varied stages of eggs development and the asynchronous cell cleavages that may have resulted in the chromosomal disturbances observed in the gynogenetic sterlets here.

Double haploids are the plants, generated spontaneously or induced by chromosome duplication of a haploid plant. They are homozygous at all loci which make them a unique line from the parent in respect of its genome constituent. There is a significant utilization of double haploids in breeding program like production of homozygous lines for cross pollinated crops and mutation breeding. Due to haploidization of chromosomes and again doubling them can produce some novel traits, which cannot be expressed under existing diploid condition. This technique has a significant impact on the improvement program of floricultural crops like chrysanthemum, carnation, petunia, rose, iris, lily, phlox etc. Haploids occur spontaneously at a lower frequency but they can be induced by several methods, such as modified pollination methods in vivo (Wide hybridization, Chromosome elimination, Pollination with irradiated pollen, etc.) and by In vitro culture of immature gametophytes. They are made chromos...

Gynogenesis is an asexual mode of reproduction common to animals and plants, in which stimuli from the sperm cell trigger the development of the unfertilized egg cell into a haploid embryo. Fine mapping restricted a major maize QTL (quantitative trait locus) responsible for the aptitude of inducer lines to trigger gynogenesis to a zone containing a single gene NOT LIKE DAD (NLD) coding for a patatin-like phospholipase A. In all surveyed inducer lines, NLD carries a 4-bp insertion leading to a predicted truncated protein. This frameshift mutation is responsible for haploid induction because complementation with wild-type NLD abolishes the haploid induction capacity. Activity of the NLD promoter is restricted to mature pollen and pollen tube. The translational NLD::citrine fusion protein likely localizes to the sperm cell plasma membrane. In Arabidopsis roots, the truncated protein is no longer localized to the plasma membrane, contrary to the wild-type NLD protein. In conclusion, an intact pollen-specific phospholipase is required for successful sexual reproduction and its targeted disruption may allow establishing powerful haploid breeding tools in numerous crops.

The feeding rate effects were studied on the growth performance of gynogenetic diploid larvae of sterlet Acipenser ruthenus during the first 4weeks of exogenous feeding.Theexperimentalrearingwasconductedfrom7to38dayspost-hatch(dph) in a circulation system. This was set up in four groups with three replicates

Mosaicism is frequently observed in aquaculture practices, and it adversely affects the production as well as the restoration programme of the sturgeon. The purpose of the present study was the induction of 2n/3n mosaic in sterlet, Acipenser ruthenus L., and compare their embryonic and larval development with diploid control sterlet. Microsatellite DNA loci genotyping was conducted for the identification of the genotypes and parentage analysis. Embryonic development was monitored in experimental groups at every 24 h interval. Identification of individual stages of embryonic development was recorded based on a 36-degree scale of development. Additionally, the BW and body length (LT) of experimental fishes were taken during 110 days of the rearing period. The Fulton's condition coefficient (F), length-weight parameters, and specific growth rate (SGR) coefficient were calculated. The analysis of embryonic development of the 2n/3n mosaic and the diploid control group did not show differences. However, higher mortality (88%) was observed in 2n/3n mosaic groups in comparison to the diploid control groups (55%). BW and body length of 2n/3n mosaic sterlet were slightly lower than the diploid control sterlet, but the differences were not statistically significant. F analysis did not confirm a lower growth performance of the fishes in the 2n/3n mosaic group. Microsatellite DNA loci genotyping confirmed both the incidence of polyspermy and retention of the second polar body. This paper presents the first report on embryonic development and growth performance of 2n/3n mosaic sturgeons.

Artificial mitotic gynogenesis, a chromosome set manipulation, is applied to provide the homozygous progeny with only maternal inheritance. Here, gynogenetic development was induced in the sterlet Acipenser ruthenus L. (Acipenseridae) by activation of the eggs originating from albino females with the UV-irradiated spermatozoa from wild-coloured males, followed by the heat shock applied to suppress the first mitotic division in the haploid zygotes. All experimentally obtained gynogenetic offspring possessed recessive albino coloration. Moreover, the genetic verification, based on three microsatellite DNA markers, confirmed the only maternal inheritance in the albino progeny. Cytogenetic screening enabled identification of the aneuploids, haploids, diploids, triploids, tetraploids and mosaic individuals among the gynogenetic larvae that hatched from the eggs subjected to the heat shock. Furthermore, 40% of the larvae from the haploid variants of the research that were not exposed to the temperature shock showed the diploid chromosome number. A variation of the ploidy level observed in the gynogenetic sterlets may be the consequence of the spontaneous polyploidisation that occurred in the haploid zygotes. Moreover, observation during embryogenesis showed varied stages of eggs development and the asynchronous cell cleavages that may have resulted in the chromosomal disturbances observed in the gynogenetic sterlets here.

Background: Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench.] is a nutrient-rich vegetable crop widely grown in the tropics and sub-tropics mainly for its edible pods. The haploid technique has been used in plant breeding for the improvements of plants and to develop new varieties in relatively a short time. Hence, we have optimized several factors such as plant growth regulators (PGR), sucrose concentration, cold treatment, type of media and culture conditions for callus induction from the anther and ovary of okra (557 F1 hybrid). Methods: The flower buds of different sizes were collected to determine various stages of development and then subjected to cold pre-treatments. The explants were then cultured on various combinations of PGRs i.e., naphthyloxy acetic (NOA), Indole acetic acid (IAA), 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2, 4-D), Benzyl amino purine (BAP), isopentenyl adenine 2iP, Kinetin (KIN) and Thidiazuron (TDZ). Result: The optimum developmental stage of microspore for callus in...

The white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) is the largest freshwater fish in North America. Because of the unique life history characteristics of sturgeon, including longevity, late maturation and long spawning intervals, their aquaculture can be a significant investment of resources. As a result of habitat loss and overharvesting, natural populations of white sturgeon are threatened and there is a growing effort to improve conservation aquaculture programs. Germ cell transplantation is an innovative technology previously demonstrated in a variety of fish species to be able to produce a surrogate broodstock. The technique relies upon optimal donor germ cell recovery and transplantation into a recipient fish. In this study, we developed and optimized the harvest of donor cells for germline transplantation and evaluated methods for ovary cryopreservation for the first time in the white sturgeon. We found that harvesting gonads from juveniles between the ages of 1.5 and 2.5-years res...

Artificial cross between two genetically different populations of Japanese Misgurnus loach was made to examine the reproductive capacity of the artificial inter-populational hybrid females. Ploidy status and microsatellite genotypes of the eggs laid by these hybrids were inferred from those determined in progenies developed by normal fertilization with haploid loach sperm, induced gynogenesis with UV-irradiated goldfish sperm and/or hybridization with intact goldfish sperm. Some hybrid females laid unreduced diploid eggs genetically identical to the mother. However, these diploid eggs could not develop by spontaneous gynogenesis, but grow to triploid by incorporation of a sperm nucleus. Other hybrid females laid haploid eggs together with diploid eggs and/or various aneuploid and polyploid eggs. Thus, a disruption of normal meiosis occurred in inter-populational hybrid females. The results suggested that the two populations should be so distant as to give rise to atypical formation of unreduced and other unusual eggs in their hybrids.

Secretario de Prensa y publicaciones JOSÉ ANTONIO PORTELA jportela@laconsulta.inta.gov.ar Vocales Titulares IGNACIO PAUNERO SUSANA ROTHMAN Vocales Suplentes RICARDO MURRAY FERNANDO FERNANDEZ Revisor de Cuentas Titular GONZALO CUNHA Revisor de Cuentas Suplente ALDO LOPEZ ASAHO CC 8 (5567) La Consulta, Mendoza, Argentina Horticultura Argentina ReViSTA De lA ASOCiACión ARgenTinA De HORTiCulTuRA Año 2007 Volumen 26, número 60 ÍnDiCe Horticultura 5 Factores ambientales que afectan la calidad de raíces en mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz). Cenóz, P.J.; Burgos, A.M. y López, A.E. Environmental factors in cassavas (Manihot esculenta Crantz) root quality 10 Comparación de la transmisión de la radiación fotosintéticamente activa (PAR) en invernaderos del norte de la Patagonia. N. Iglesias y A. Muñoz Comparison of the transmission of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) in greenhouses of northern Patagonia 17 Pérdidas poscosecha de lechuga, en la región de Rosario, Argentina. Mondino, M...

Main Points: 1. Zebrafish embryos at the end of pronuclear fusion and before initiation of zygotic mitosis are resistant to teratogenic effects of heat. 2. The teratogenic heat resilient window exists transiently during the maternally controlled phase of development. 3. Heat shock during the teratogenic heat resilient window enables generation of morphologically normal zebrafish tetraploids. 4. Diploidization of haploids by transient heat shocks during the teratogenic heat resilient windows aids in effective generation of gynogenic diploids.

El Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza (IBAM) tiene la misión de generar conocimientos en aspectos básicos y aplicados a la agricultura de regadío y pertenece a la Universidad Nacional de Cuyo y al CONICET. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar los artículos publicados en los 10 años desde la creación del Instituto. Para ello se recopilaron todas las publicaciones desde el 2009 a la actualidad y se trabajó con los datos que se desprendieron de los mismos, como el financiamiento, las colaboraciones, las disciplinas, el equipamiento, los indicadores de calidad de las revistas y el índice h del IBAM. Teniendo en cuenta el ranking de Scimago, se concluyó que el 58% de las publicaciones se encuentran en el cuartil 1 (Q1). En cuanto a las disciplinas, donde hubo más producción fueron las relacionadas con los cultivos de la región de Mendoza, como por ejemplo la vid, papa, ajo y olivo entre otras. El 94% del financiamiento para las publicaciones proviene de instituciones nacionales...

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui 1) pola elektroferogram, 2) homosigositas dan heterosigositas ikan mas strain Punten gynogenetik dan 3) mengevaluasi metode gynogenesis yang telah dilakukan serta 4) untuk mengetahui jumlah kromosom. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Balai Benih Ikan (BBI), Punten-Batu Malang, dan Laboratorium Fisiologi Tumbuhan Jurusan Biologi Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang. Materi penelitian yang digunakan adalah ikan mas strain Punten (parent, F1, dan F2 gynogenetik) masing-masing 3 (tiga) ekor. Metode penelitian secara deskriptif dengan digambarkan melalui tabel dan gambar berupa foto-foto. Hasil analisis SDS-PAGE (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfat Polyacrylamide Gel Elektroforesis) menunjukkan ada 4 (empat) pita protein pada parent dan 2 (dua) pita protein untuk F1 gynogenetik yang berbeda, dimana pita protein 37 kD hanya ditemukan pada F1.3. Pada F2 gynogenetik juga ditemukan 3 (tiga) pita protein yang berbeda. Sedangkan antara F1 dan F2 gynogenetik ditemukan 4 (empat) pita protein yang sama. Selain itu juga ditemukan 3 (tiga) pita protein yang sama pada ketiga macam contoh yang diuji, yaitu 122 kD, 108 kD dan 91 kD. Berdasarkan pola elektroferogram tersebut ternyata populasi parent adalah heterosigot, sedangkan untuk F1 dan F2 gynogenetik telah homosigot. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa metode gynogenesis yang telah dilakukan di Balai Benih Ikan (BBI) Punten Batu Malang sudah tepat. Jumlah kromosom dari ketiga macam contoh yang diuji adalah sama 2N = 100.

Production of heterozygous and homozygous clones of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) was successfully carried out. An outbred clonal line was produced by cross-breeding between a viable mitotic gynogenetic female and male (recessive mutation in a sex determining gene). At the same time, an inbred clonal line was produced by gynogenetic reproduction (retention of 2nd polar body) using optimal pressure/heat

Background: A recent systematic review and meta-analysis was realized to determine the impact of intraoperative transfusion goal directed protocols with viscoelastic methods on postoperative outcome in children. This study is part of a vast and extended Thesis Project concerning the impact of Goal Directed therapies on postoperative outcome in the pediatric population. Objective of this Editorial: To analyze the results, conclusions and future perspective of this recent systematic review and meta-analysis on the impact of intraoperative transfusion goal directed protocols with viscoelastic methods on perioperative outcome in children.

The European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax is a very important commercial fish in Europe, the production of which by aquaculture has increased several fold during the last decades. Studies on biology, control of reproduction, broodstock management, offspring quality and rearing techniques, as well as large investments in the aquaculture sector, have made possible this rapid increase in production. However, under culture conditions, there are still important problems that Ž. Ž. negatively influence its industrial production. These are: 1 high percentage of males 70-90% , Ž. some of which are precocious at the first year of life; 2 in males, puberty typically appears in the Ž. Ž. second year of life at commercialization , 1 year before females; and 3 males grow less than females, being 40% lower in body weight at harvest time. Consequently, reduction of the number of males andror production of all-female stocks and sterile fish and prevention of puberty are highly desirable goals. The present work reviews the latest scientific advances on the genetic and physiological control of the sex and the process of puberty in the sea bass to provide tools to alleviate some shortcuts in its industrial production.

Ikan hias merupakan salah satu komoditi yang banyak diminati karena mempunyai daya tarik tersendiri baik warna, bentuk  maupun tingkah lakunya yang unik. Komet (Carassius auratus auratus) pertama kali dibudidayakan oleh masyarakat Cina pada tahun 1729. Namun pembudidaya sering menghadapi permasalahan adanya kecendrungan penurunan persentase daya tetas telur, mortalitas larva ikan yang tinggi serta warna ikan. Untuk itu maka harus dilakukan perbaikan genetik pada ikan budidaya dengan berbagai metode. Salah satunya dengan metode manipulasi kromosom, yaitu dengan cara pemberian teknik kejutan suhu panas. Sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui berapa kejutan suhu panas yang tepat pada daya tetas telur (hatching rate) dan kelangsungan hidup (survival rate) larva ikan komet( Carrasius auratus auratus ). Penelitrian ini dilaksanakan selama 2 bulan dari bulan Februari – April 2018 yang berlokasi di Balai Benih Ikan Kelobak Kepahiang, dengan alat berupa akuarium heater, blower da...

The European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax is a very important commercial fish in Europe, the production of which by aquaculture has increased several fold during the last decades. Studies on biology, control of reproduction, broodstock management, offspring quality and rearing techniques, as well as large investments in the aquaculture sector, have made possible this rapid increase in production. However, under culture conditions, there are still important problems that Ž. Ž. negatively influence its industrial production. These are: 1 high percentage of males 70-90% , Ž. some of which are precocious at the first year of life; 2 in males, puberty typically appears in the Ž. Ž. second year of life at commercialization , 1 year before females; and 3 males grow less than females, being 40% lower in body weight at harvest time. Consequently, reduction of the number of males andror production of all-female stocks and sterile fish and prevention of puberty are highly desirable goals. The present work reviews the latest scientific advances on the genetic and physiological control of the sex and the process of puberty in the sea bass to provide tools to alleviate some shortcuts in its industrial production.

Ikan hias merupakan salah satu komoditi yang banyak diminati karena mempunyai daya tarik tersendiri baik warna, bentuk  maupun tingkah lakunya yang unik. Komet (Carassius auratus auratus) pertama kali dibudidayakan oleh masyarakat Cina pada tahun 1729. Namun pembudidaya sering menghadapi permasalahan adanya kecendrungan penurunan persentase daya tetas telur, mortalitas larva ikan yang tinggi serta warna ikan. Untuk itu maka harus dilakukan perbaikan genetik pada ikan budidaya dengan berbagai metode. Salah satunya dengan metode manipulasi kromosom, yaitu dengan cara pemberian teknik kejutan suhu panas. Sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui berapa kejutan suhu panas yang tepat pada daya tetas telur (hatching rate) dan kelangsungan hidup (survival rate) larva ikan komet( Carrasius auratus auratus ). Penelitrian ini dilaksanakan selama 2 bulan dari bulan Februari – April 2018 yang berlokasi di Balai Benih Ikan Kelobak Kepahiang, dengan alat berupa akuarium heater, blower da...

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian kuning telur unggas  dan jenis yang terbaiknya terhadap laju pertumbuhan larva seurukan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri atas  4  perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah P0: telur ayam ras; P1: telur puyuh; P2: telur itik; P3: telur ayam kampung/lokal. Parameter yang diamati meliputi laju pertumbuhan spesifik (SGR), laju pertumbuhan relatif (RGR), serta kualitas air sebagai data penunjang. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pemberian telur unggas yang terbaik adalah pada perlakuan P2 dengan nilai SGR 15 %/hari dan RGR 26 %/hari.

Carassius auratus complex is believed to originate from East Eurasia and consist of diploid and triploid forms. Diploid form reproduces sexually, whereas triploid form possesses mixture modes of unisexual gynogenesis and sexual reproduction, which makes it a unique case to study evolutionary issues among vertebrates. In this study, we identified 337 triploid individuals from 386 specimens of Carassius auratus complex sampled from 4 different sites of Xingkai Lake and Suifen River on the northeast Asia transboundary areas of Russia and China, and found that triploids were ubiquitous, whereas diploids existed only in SII site of Suifen River. Triploid males were detected in all surveyed sites, and an unusually high triploid male incidence (23%) was found in the Chinese reach of Suifen River. Then, nuclear and cytoplasmic markers were used to analyze their genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship. A total of 61 distinct tf alleles and 35 mtDNA CR haplotypes were revealed. Higher genetic diversity and divergence were confirmed in triploids than in diploids, and identical genetic background between triploid males and females was demonstrated. Moreover, evolutionary implications and roles of triploid males were suggested in population proliferation and diversity creation of the triploid form.

In this study, a 3x2 factorial feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding rate on growth performance, feed conversion ratio and meat yield of sterlet reared in a recirculating aquaculture system. The diet containing 45% protein 6.5% fat was offered to the sterlet with initial average weight of 187 g at three feeding rates: 1, 2 and 3% of body weight at 18.7 ±0.97°C for 60 days. SGR were 1.7 ±0.10, 2.1 ±0.11 and 2.0 ±0.11, respectively. FCR amounted as 1.8 ±0.11, 2.9 ±0.15 and 4.4 ±0.14, respectively. In terms of the hepatosomatic index, viscerasomatic index and carcass efficiency no statistic differences were found between feeding rate groups (P>0.05). Considering growth performance and FCR data, it can be concluded that the best growth of sterlet at 17-19°C was obtained in fish fed with 2% BW/day. As a result, the diet containing 45% protein and 6.5 % fat can be recommended for use at 2 % BW/day feeding rate for 150-300 g size sterlets.

The Acipenser ruthenus (Linnaeus, 1758), albino variety, in the second summer rearing to Brates sturgeons station from Galati was experimented. A number of 513 one year old sterlet were stocked in three Ewos fibreglass tanks, at an individual mean weight of 40 g and total length of 20 cm, in the first day of June 2007. The experiment had extended on 165 days, until half of November. During experimental tries the fishes were monitoring permanently and the essential parameters of technological water (dissolved oxygen, pH and temperature evolution) were checked and recorded. Feeding was achieved with commercial granular food and the conversion coefficient recorded was 1,3. Final body mean weight of sterlet was 130 g/ex. and the average length of 30 cm; the specific growth rate was 0,55g/day., i.e. 90 g/ex, and the survival percent recorded was 89,08 %.

Goldfish (Cyprinus carpio L) is a very popular type of fish and has been widely known by people throughout Indonesia. Goldfish is one type of consumable fish that includes inland fishery commodities, namely freshwater fisheries that have good prospects. In increasing fishery production efforts, especially freshwater fisheries, what really needs to be considered is the quality of fish fry as well as their mothers. To improve the good and superior quality of fry and broodstock fish, it is necessary to carry out the process of handling fish through the method of chromosome manipulation. This study aims to determine the effect of heat shock time on the triploidization process on egg quality and survival of ika Mas larvae (Cyprinus carpio L). This research was conducted from February 7 to March 5, 2005 at the BPBAT (Freshwater Aquaculture Fish Development Center) laboratory, Marga Sakti Village, Padang Jaya District, North Bengkulu Regency. The method used in this study was an experiment...

Onion suffers from high inbreeding depression and, as a result, inbreds that are developed lack genotypic and phenotypic uniformity. Gynogenesis has emerged as a potential strategy to address this drawback. Efforts have been made since the 1980s for identifying highly-responsive genotypes and for overall improvement of the protocol for bettering gynogenic frequency in onion. Besides improving media composition, identification of responsive explants and increasing the chromosome efficiency has remained a major area of focus over the years. This article purports to review progress made thus far in the induction of gynogenic haploids in onion, and challenges/opportunities associated with it.

The objective of the present stady was to determine the optimum level of feeding rate for peres fish (Osteochilus vittatus) . The experimental fish fed with a commersial diet contains 48% crude protein. The fish sample was 1.0 cm in average length and 0.066 g in average weight at stocking density of 20 fish per aquarium (45 cm x 45 cm x 35 cm). The fish was fed three times a day at 8 AM, 12 AM and 5 PM for 60 days. The ANOVA test showed that the feeding rate gave a significant effect on weight gain, length gain, and specific growth rate (p 0.05). In general the higher growth rates were found at 8% feeding rate, while the higher hepatosomatic index and survival rate were found at 5% feeding, but these values were not different significatly with 8% feeding rate. It is coucluded that the optimum level at feeding rate for peres fish (O. vittatus) was 8% body weight per day. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan jumlah ransum harian yang optimal kepada benih ikan peres (Osteochilus v...

Thyroid hormones (THs) play important roles in regulating growth, development and physiological functions in vertebrates. To study the role of short-term effects of thyroxine (T4) on metabolism and growth in female Sterlet sturgeon, thirty fish with a weight of 707.97 ± 37.15 g were divided into six tanks. Fish were injected intraperitoneal with (a) coconut oil alone (control), (b) 1 mg T4 kg per BW in coconut oil (T 1) and (c) 10 mg T4 kg per BW in coconut oil (T 10). Blood samples were collected at 0, 4, 7, 14, 28 and 60 days for plasma biochemical analysis, and body length and mass were determined at day 60. Based on results, higher growth was indicated in T 10 group. The highest T4 levels were observed on day 4 in the T 1 and T 10 treatments and gradually declined during the trial. Plasma T3 levels were highest on days 4 and 7 in the T 1 and T 10 groups, respectively. Plasma triglyceride levels were significantly elevated on day 28 in the T 1 group and on day 60 in the T 10 group. Plasma glucose concentrations were significantly elevated on days 7 and 14 in T 10 group. Overall, the present results suggest that a single injection of T4 can improve growth via changes in the metabolic profile of Sterlet sturgeon.

Doubled haploid onion (Allium cepa L.) plants allow the production of completely homozygous lines for a later production of hybrids. The haploid plants are normally produced using in vitro gynogenesis. The obtained haploid plantlets must be treated with different agents for doubling chromosomes. It is necessary to adjust the concentration and the length of treatment of the doubling agent. In this case, the effect of 250 and 500 mg.L-1 colchicine and 15.2; 30 and 60 mg.L- 1 amiprophos-methyl during 24 and 48 h was assessed over the rate of onion haploid plantlets chromosome doubling. The best duplication treatment was 250 mg.L-1 colchicine for 48 h, which yielded 100% of doubled haploid plants. On the other hand, a positive correlation resulted from the ploidy level and stomatal size, and a negative correlation between the level of ploidy and stomatal density. Significant differences between the stomatal length, width and density in haploid and doubled haploid plantlets were observed...

Ikan patin (Pangasius pangasius) merupakan salah satu spesies ikan air tawar yang potensial untuk dibudidayakan karena memiliki performa reproduksi yang baik, salah satunya yaitu fekunditas tinggi. Namun telur ikan patin bersifat lengket (adhesif) yang mengakibatkan telur saling menempel sehingga tidak dapat terbuahi secara maksimal. Teh hijau (Camellia sinensis) mengandung senyawa tanin yang dapat mengurangi daya rekat telur. Proses lama perendaman akan mempengaruhi nilai derajat pembuahan telur ikan patin karena diduga teh hijau dimana memiliki ambang batas tertentu dapat berubah menjadi racun karena akumulasi dosis dan waktu dapat menjadi racun karena reaksi-reaksi kimia yang ditimbulkan. Oleh sebab itu, perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk mengkaji pengaruh lama perendaman larutan teh hijau terhadap pengurangan daya rekat telur. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh lama perendaman larutan teh hijau (C. sinensis) terhadap derajat pembuahan dan perkembangan embryo ikan patin d...

Anemone is an allogamous species marketed as a cut flower. Pure lines formation in this species is expensive and inefficient because progeny suffers from inbreeding depression. Pure lines obtained from plant anthers are a widely used material to produce new hybrids in short time. The aim of this study is the optimization of production of A. coronaria androgenic plants. Flower buds of eight cultivars were measured, disinfected for 20′ in 1% sodium hypochlorite and rinsed with distilled sterile water. Development stage of microspores and their size were evaluated. Anthers were distributed in Petri plates containing a double layer constituted of Nitsch and Nitsch agarized substrate enriched with activated charcoal (1%) and with or without sucrose (3%) and the same substrate in liquid phase without activated charcoal. Anthers were shocked with a preculture at 5 or 33 °C for 5 days and then incubated in the dark at 23 °C. After 21 weeks, the number of regenerants was counted. Plants were transferred into the flask with modified MS substrate and placed at 18 °C. After 3 months of in vitro culture, the survival rate of plants was evaluated. Among the varieties, significant differences in anther number, microspore size, and presence of abnormal microspores were observed. Heat shock pretreatment at 33 °C increases the number and survival of embryos and plants, but the varieties respond to the thermal shock in different ways. The influence of genotype and the maturation phase of flower buds, anthers and microspores are discussed related to the androgenic plant development.

Fish meal is an important part of raw material for fish feed. However, the use of fish meal is considered unsustainable, compete with human being and expensive. By product of Anchovy (Stolephorus sp.) which contains high protein is potential to be used to replace fish meal. Present study aimed to determine the utilization of anchovy by-products raw materials as feed ingredient for seurukan fish (Osteochilus vittatus) and evaluate its effect on the growth performance and intestinal morphology. In total 250 seurukan fish (initial weight 0.67 ± 0.01 g) was randomly divided into four triplicates groups: control group, and experimental diets which had different inclusion level of anchovy by-products meal: 50%, 35%, and 20%. Fish were fed with different diet at level of 8% of body weight three times a day for 28 days. Present results showed that the inclusion of anchovy by-product meal in the feed by 50% can produce a higher value of weight gain (0.47±0.02 g), length gain (0.69±0.09 cm), ...

Effect of colchicine and amiprophos-methyl on the production of in vitro doubled haploid onion plants and correlation assessment between ploidy level and stomatal size Efecto de la colchicina y del amiprofos-metil en la producción in vitro de plantas dihaploides de cebolla y determinación de la correlación entre el nivel de ploidía y tamaño de los estomas

Carp is a freshwater fish, body shape is long and somewhat rounded with a small head, the high back and across large scaly body. The development of aquaculture carp (Cyprinus carpio) is progressing very rapidly with cultivation system are manifold. Pisciculture technology will not form without yielding seeds followed by genetic improvement effort. To improve the quality of the parent, the parent needs to be purified race carp (Cyprinus carpio) that exist so that the resulting pure strain. The success of seed carp, especially at this stage of the enlargement is determined by the quality of the seed. Breeding programs developed at this time is the method gynogenesis. Ginogenesis method is the process of female gamete without interference from male gamete gene. The experimental design used in this study is completely randomized design (CRD) is equipped with 3 treatments and 3 replications. Analysis using analysis of variance, with the distribution table F or F test that compares the va...

Effect of colchicine and amiprophos-methyl on the production of in vitro doubled haploid onion plants and correlation assessment between ploidy level and stomatal size Efecto de la colchicina y del amiprofos-metil en la producción in vitro de plantas dihaploides de cebolla y determinación de la correlación entre el nivel de ploidía y tamaño de los estomas

14 hari (56,25%). Persentase ikan terkolonisasi sel donor pada hari ke-21 pascatranplantasi pada benih umur 7 dan 10 hari adalah sama (80%), sedangkan transplantasi benih umur 14 hari sebesar 60%. Berdasarkan keberhasilan transplantasi secara kumulatif (tingkat kelangsungan hidup dan kolonisasi), transplantasi pada benih umur 14 hari (33,75%) menunjukkan hasil lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan perlakuan transplantasi pada benih umur 7 hari (25,00%) dan benih umur 10 hari (30,00%). Dengan demikian, transplantasi sel testikular ikan neon tetra pada benih ikan mas telah berhasil dilakukan, dan umur optimum benih ikan mas adalah 14 hari setelah menetas. Kata kunci: ikan neon tetra, ikan mas, transplantasi, kolonisasi, sel testikular. ABSTRACT SRI SETYO WULANDARI. Testicular cell transplantation of neon tetra fish Paracheirodon innesi to different ages of common carp fry. Supervised by ODANG CARMAN and ALIMUDDIN. Neon tetra Paracheirodon innesi is an ornamental fish that have high export value. However, production is still relatively low due to low fecundity (approximately 180 eggs/brood). Technology of neonf tetra (as donor fish) testicular cell transplantation to common carp which have high fecundity provides a promising way to overcome the problem of neon tetra production. This research was performed to determine the optimum age of common carp fry (as recipient fish) that is able to receive donor cells and allow high success of transplantation. In this research, the testes of neon tetra fish were dissociated by 0.5% trypsin solution. The testicular cells were labeled with PKH-26 fluorescent dye, and then transplanted into the peritoneal cavity of 7, 10 and 14 days post hatching common carp fry. The results showed that the survival of 7 day-old transplanted fry (31.25%) was lower than that of 10 day-old (37.75%) and 14 day-old transplanted fry (56.25%). Percentage of fish colonized testicular cells donor at 21 days posttransplantation on 7 day-and 10 day-old fry was similar (80%), while on 14 dayold fry was 60%. Based on the cumulative transplantation success rate (survival and colonization rates), transplantation on 14 day-old fry (33.75%) showed higher result compared to transplantation on 7 day-old fry (25.00%) and 10 day-old fry (30.00%). Thus, it can be concluded that transplantation of neon tetra testicular cells to common carp fry have been successfully carried out, and the optimum age of common carp fry to transplantation was 14 days after hatching.