Identity and Identification

Two empirical studies investigated the relation between different types of social groups and four core types of ingroup identification. It was hypothesized that particular types of group would be associated with particular types of ingroup identification. With minor discrepancies across samples, participants showed stronger social identification with social category groups, stronger communal identification with intimacy groups, and stronger interdependent identification with task groups. The results confirmed predictions and provided sufficient evidence to conclude that the manifestation of different types of ingroup identity varies as a function of the type of group that is most salient at the moment of identification.

Den 25 januari 1744 lämnade Annika Åqvist sin välbeställda rusthållargård i Roslagen för att ta sig till Hamburg och förena sig med sin make Olof. 1 Ett drygt halvår tidigare hade Olof hastigt tvingats lämna landet misstänkt för att ha uppmanat sina sockenmän att ansluta sig till dalupproret. Hans flykt misstänkliggjorde även Annika och hon utgav sig därför under sin resa för att vara änka och försökte hålla sitt mål hemligt. I Helsingborg blev dock myndigheterna misstänksamma, och Annika arresterades. Under den följande rättegången skärskådade rådhusrätten Annikas inblandning i hennes makes förehavanden, men inte nog med det: rättsprotokollen visar hur magistraten i Helsingborg granskade Annikas resande i stort, och de ansträngde sig för att utreda Annikas samtliga kontakter och handlingar. 2 I föreliggande artikel analyserar jag den tidigmoderna svenska statens misstänkliggörande av Annikas resande och rörlighet. Utifrån en enskild fallstudie undersöker jag hur lokala överheter formulerade migranten som ett säkerhetsproblem, och diskuterar vilket hot Annika utgjorde mot magistraten och 1. Artikeln ingår i projektet "Baltic Hospitality" finansierat av Östersjöstiftelsen, vid Södertörns högskola.

La trajectoire d’Albert Widders, Aborigène australien, permet d’historiciser le modèle ségrégatif qui a dominé le Sud-Est de l’Australie au XXe siècle. Sa vie semble en effet avoir été coupée en deux par l’apparition d’un ordre ségrégatif. Né dans les années 1840, Albert était, dans la première partie de sa vie, assez bien intégré au monde des colons blancs, au point d’épouser une femme européenne. Suite à l’effondrement de son mariage, il a cependant quitté la région et formé une nouvelle famille, cette fois avec une femme aborigène. De ces deux mariages sont issues deux « branches » d’une famille – l’une dans le monde aborigène, l’autre dans le monde « européen » – dont les destins sociaux contrastés permettent d’appréhender avec un regard nouveau les transformations des relations raciales en Australie du Sud-Est, marquées par l’avènement, au XXe siècle, d’une dichotomie rigide séparant « Noirs » et « Blancs ».

Este novedoso libro aborda la historia del proceso de identificación de las personas. Los autores subrayan en la introducción que se proponen tratar la dimensión histórica de la identificación, un concepto para el que resulta difícil dar una definición, como también lo es para el concepto de identidad, y que no ha sido hasta ahora objeto de atención por parte de los historiadores. Sin embargo, en el viaje en el tiempo que realizan About y Denis con su libro, ponen de manifiesto el interés del concepto y sus múltiples implicaciones en un terreno donde confluyen otras ciencias sociales como la sociología, la politología o la antropología. Los autores reconocen los méritos de quienes ya se han acercado anteriormente al problema de la identificación de individuos, como Natalie Z. Davis en El regreso de Martin Guerre o Carlo Ginzburg en “Signes, traces, pistes. Racines d ́un paradigma de l ́indice”, Le Débat, no 6, p. 3-44; sin embargo, en tales trabajos no se invoca de modo explícito la noción de identificación. Se trata, por tanto, de un sector nuevo en el campo de los estudios históricos y que se ha venido desarrollando en los últimos quince años.

Facial image identification is an area of forensic sciences, where an expert provides an opinion on whether or not two or more images depict the same individual. The primary concern for facial image identification is that it must be based on sound scientific principles. The recent extensive development in 3D recording technology, which is presumed to enhance performances of identification tasks, has made essential to question conditions, under which 3D images can yield accurate and reliable results. The present paper explores the effect of mesh resolution, adequacy of selected measures of dissimilarity and number of variables employed to encode identity-specific facial features on a dataset of 528 3D face models sampled from the Fidentis 3D Face Database (N $ 2100). In order to match 3D images two quantitative approaches were tested, the first based on closest point-to-point distances computed from registered surface models and the second grounded on Procrustes distances derived from discrete 3D facial points collected manually on tex-tured 3D facial models. The results expressed in terms of rank-1 identification rates, ROC curves and likelihood ratios show that under optimized conditions the tested algorithms have the capacity to provide very accurate and reliable results. The performance of the tested algorithms is, however, highly dependent on mesh resolution and the number of variables employed in the task. The results also show that in addition to numerical measures of dissimilarity, various 3D visualization tools can be of assistance in the decision-making.

At fiPSt glance, any connection between professional wrestling and school-based literacy practices might seem far-fetched, or incongruous at best. This seeming incongruity, however, is what intrigues us most. It is also what drives us to wonder if governmental and media sources that regularly proclaim a crisis in literacy achievements might be overlooking some potentially rich intersections between young people's personal and school literacies. Finally, we can't help but wonder, along with columnist Patrick Clinton (2002), if the" real" ...

The ongoing refugee crisis presents a plethora of challenges and requires systematic contributions from public and private
entities—e.g., governments, non-governmental organizations, community organizations and businesses. Relative to the
other three, (explicit) business efforts toward refugee (economic) integration are yet sporadic, limited to a few large organizations.
While acknowledging that integration encompasses multiple spheres and is complicated by national and local
variations across EU member states, this conceptual article treats business support of refugee (economic) integration as a
manifestation of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and contends that such efforts may enhance employee-organizational
identification. Drawing on scholarship from CSR and organization–employee identification, we develop a conceptual model
including propositions about mediating and moderating mechanisms of the relationship among refugee integration, CSR
communication and employee-organizational identification. Our study offers a conceptual bridge between what is known
about the importance, barriers and enablers of refugee labor market integration with the lesser-known organizational,
specifically employee, perspectives on the issue. Leveraging on this conceptual framework, further research may focus on
testing the relationship empirically through collecting field data from business firms which have made an explicit claim on
refugee support.

Despite enormous resources spent on sex education, the United States faces an epidemic of unplanned pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections among young people.  Little research has examined the role sex educators play in alleviating or exacerbating this problem.  In this study, we interviewed 50 sex educators employed by public schools throughout a Midwestern, U.S. state about their experiences in the sex education classroom.  Twenty-two interviewees communicated feelings of conflicted identification and provided examples of the ways in which they experienced this subjectivity in the context of their employment.  We find these interviews shed light on the as-yet-understudied communicative experience of conflicted identification by delineating key sources of such conflict and discursive strategies used in its negotiation.  Our results suggest that those who experience conflicted identification and who have a sense of multiple or nested identifications within their overarching professional identity may be safeguarded to some extent from eventual organizational disidentification.

PhD thesis investigating implicit and explicit attitudes towards non-native (Asian) speakers of English in China, Japan and South Korea using a cross-cultural research instrument for direct comparison. The study also investigates factors on social judgements such as nationality, gender, and identification rate. The research uses a verbal guise experiment, a free classification task and an adapted perceptual dialectology task in order to measure judgements towards speakers of English from Hong Kong, India, Japan, Mainland China and South Korea.

See download for detailed abstract.
Full text available at: http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/18036

Keywords: language attitudes; EFL; ELF; Asian Englishes; World Englishes; verbal guise; speaker identification; speech perception; folk linguistics; sociolinguistics

Consumer behaviour in the field of art museums appears to be influenced both by the identity of the public and the art museum and by the context. It is a matter not of changing museum content, but of bringing its identity closer to that of the public in order to promote access to art. The authors first present the theoretical and conceptual framework for their research and then suggest a qualitative methodological approach to addressing the issues described in the results.

This article engages with Archer's call to further research on reflexivity and social change under conditions of late modernity (2007, 2010, 2012) from the perspective of existing work on reflexive discourse in the language disciplines (Silverstein 1976, Lucy 1993). Drawing from a linguistic ethnography of the networked trajectories of a group of working-class South Asian youth in Hong Kong (Pérez-Milans & Soto 2014), we analyze the trajectory of Sita, a Hong Kong-born young female with Nepali background. In her trajectory, performative acts of ethnic minority-based activism emerge as key in the enactment of a given set of values, stances, types of persona and situated forms of alignment/disalignment. That is to say, Sita's enactment of activism is seen in this article as tied to a discourse register (Agha 2007: 147). As such, 'talking/doing activism' is inter-textually linked to a speech chain network of a group of secondary school students, teachers, researchers and community-based minority activists engaged with Sita in various interrelated projects for social empowerment. Analysis of interview transcripts, online chats and multimodal artifacts shows the extent to which the coordinated formation of this discourse register proved useful in providing Sita with relevant cultural capital (Bourdieu 1986) with which she shaped her own academic trajectory, from a low-prestige government-subsidized secondary school to an elite international college.

Problematyka tożsamości podmiotów gospodarczych jest stosunkowo rzadko poruszana w obszarze nauk o zarządzaniu, niemniej jednak w ostatnim dwudziestoleciu zwiększyła się liczba opracowań naukowych poświęconych tej tematyce. Studia nad badaniem tożsamości przedsiębiorstw podzielić można na trzy główne nurty: tożsamość przedsiębiorstwa (ang. corporate identity), tożsamość organizacyjna (ang. organisational identity) oraz identyfikacja wizualna (ang. visual identity) . Pomimo wysiłków podejmowanych przez naukowców (ale również i praktyków) w celu pełnego zrozumienia i wyjaśnienia zjawisk związanych z formowaniem się tożsamości w przedsiębiorstwach, nie wypracowano dotąd jednej spójnej definicji tożsamości. Co więcej, multidyscyplinarność tego pojęcia spowodowała duże zamieszanie terminologiczne w literaturze. "Tożsamość" jest bowiem jednym z tych terminów w nauce, którego względnie pełen sens uchwycić można tylko dzięki transdyscyplinarnemu podejściu. Mówienie o tożsamości z perspektywy tylko jednej nauki to, zdaniem autorki daleko posunięte ograniczenie prowadzące do pozbawienia tego terminu większości potencjału wyjaśniającego. Taka różnorodność ujęcia tego tematu z jednej strony pozwala na uzyskanie pełnego obrazu tożsamości (w różnych jej aspektach), z drugiej zaś hamuje wszelkie próby integracji stosowanych podejść.

L'educatore ed il riabilitatore, nella misura in cui rinunciano ad un rapporto esclusivamente formale nei confronti del bambino (che trasformerebbe se stessi in staff ed il bambino in internato) non possono non vivere nei confronti del bambino processi identificatori simili a quelli del genitore.
Afferma Bernfeld "l'azione esercitata dall'educatore (e dal riabilitatore, potremmo aggiungere noi), è quella che su di lui hanno esercitato i propri genitori"  .
Genitori, educatori, riabilitatori cioè si trovano sempre in rapporto a due bambini: quello che è di fronte a loro e quello che è dentro di loro. 
Il bambino di fronte a loro evoca cioè il bambino che è dentro di loro e l'azione educativa avviene così sempre sotto il segno del potere desiderante dei genitori, ed in ultima istanza, della società storica in cui i soggetti vivono.

У артыкуле аналізуюцца асноўныя прынцыпы і інструменты этнічнай ідэнтыфікацыі і катэгарызацыі беларусаў і літоўцаў у ХІХ ст. Метадалагічным падмуркам даследавання сталі палажэнні тэарэтыкаў канструктывісцкага напрамку вывучэння феномена этнічнасці, якія разглядалі этнічныя групы ў кантэксце сацыяльнага канструявання іх ідэнтычнасцей. Асаблівая ўвага ў артыкуле звернута на тое, якім чынам у навуковым дыскурсе ХІХ ст. адбывалася знешняя катэгарызацыя беларусаў і літоўцаў і, адпаведна, як канструяваліся сімвалічныя межы паміж імі, інтэрпрэтаваныя даследчыкамі як этнічныя.

In a social context of ethnic adversity wherein several identity dimensions are involved, the question of belonging reveals itself problematic. In American society, African Americans had been denied elementary constitutional rights and, thus, access to full American identity (Americanity) till the early 1960s. In such a conflictual situation, Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr., the pacifist Civil Rights direct action leader, settled the question of belonging to Americanity in a subtle manner in his “I Have a Dream” speech.
The present paper revisits the speech and speculates that in his aspiration to attain social and political equality King has recourse to cultural conformity as a strategy of identification so as to gain the recognition that is supposed to validate his belonging to Americanity.
Methodologically, the speech is explored through the lens of the Cultural Studies viewpoint in that the paper combines the interpretative commentary techniques pertaining to content analysis and the strategic sociological approach to identity stances involving ethnic belonging, in particular, and people dealing with two cultures, in general.

This article analyses the development of three EU migration databases and their significance for the internal control of irregular migrants. Because borders and immigration policy alone cannot stop irregular migration, many governments turn to internal migration control on settled irregular migrants. Surveillance of this group is aimed at their exclusion from key societal institutions, discouraging their stay and ultimately, the deportation of apprehended irregular migrants. These are policies in which identification of irregular migrants is crucial. In this age, registration and identification mean computerized and networked databases. The member states of the EU are currently developing a network of databases in the field of (irregular) immigration. The Schengen Information System (II), the Eurodac database and the Visa Information System are vast databases, often including biometric data, aimed at controlling migration flows and identifying and sorting legal and irregular migrants. These systems are able to ‘re-identify’ parts of the population of irregular migrants on the basis of digital traces of their migration history. It is argued that the digital infrastructure that is now growing past its infancy is developing into a formidable tool for the surveillance of irregular migrants in Europe.

An analysis of the debt negotiations between the Greek government and the EU partners in the months January-July 2015. The paper uses discourse analysis and international relations, identity and negotiation theories to claim that Greek national identity was used by the Tsipras government for negotiation purposes and that such use led to unsatisfying and poorly agreed results and undermined the existing relations between the parties.

The lesbian thinker Monique Wittig, in questioning the binary sex relations that define two opposite social classes – men and women – argues that "lesbians are not women", because they are not subjected to the same oppressions as the supposed "class of women". We objectify through bibliographical revision to show bichas, viados, caminhoneiras, sapatonas etc. promote a rupture with traditional notions of masculine and feminine by the way they are presented and understood socially, since they are also displaced from heterosexuality. So, we think then as other processes of (dis)identification, since they are not located in the same spectrum of privilege, power and relational that those inserted in the organization of classes of the feminist materialist thought.

Research concerning computer hackers generally focuses on how to stop them; far less attention is given to the texts they create. Phrack, an online hacker journal that has run almost continuously since 1985, is an important touchstone in hacker literature, widely read by both hackers and telephone and network security professionals. But beyond its instantiation as a compendium of illicit technical knowledge, Phrack was, above all, a rhetorical publication. The files in each issue of Phrack created a shared rhetorical vision concerning the place of the hacker underground within society and in relation to law enforcement officials, as well as what it means to be a hacker. This essay examines two important events in the evolution of the hacker movement through the lens of Phrack—Operation Sundevil and the arrest of Kevin Mitnick. How these events were framed in Phrack both shaped and reflected emerging shifts in hacker collective identity.

La longévité de la Nation de l'Islam, une secte de Musulmans Noirs fondée aux États-Unis au début des années 1930, intrigue d'autant plus qu'elle maintient son adhésion au séparatisme ethnique, à en juger par les déclarations récentes de Louis Farrakhan, l'actuel maître spirituel et porte-parole de la secte. Toutefois, les déclarations de ce dernier recèlent aussi des indications qui paradoxalement trahissent une envie évidente d'appartenir à l'identité américaine. En réalité, l'identification chez ce leader gravite autour de trois dimensions identitaires distinctes, à savoir en premier lieu l'identité ethnique, qu'il s'évertue en deuxième lieu à occulter en affichant sa conversion à l'identité islamique et, en troisième lieu, l'identité nationale américaine qu'il semble ne pas répudier complètement. L'hypothèse qui sous-tend le présent travail soutient que les différences culturelles ne permettent pas à Farrakhan, en raison du stade avancé de son américanisation, une distinction identitaire nette, sans le recours à l'islamité. Ce travail se propose d'étudier la résultante de ce choix identitaire impliquant des symboles culturels aussi bien primordiaux que d'emprunt ; il se fonde sur l'analyse du contenu sémantique d'un discours fleuve de Farrakhan publié en 2013, qui a été retenu notamment pour son titre à la fois évocateur et ambigu où il est question de donner des directives au président Obama et à la « Nation »! Dans une approche psychosociologique se réclamant de l'école interprétative, ce travail cherche principalement à comprendre les finalités identitaires chez ce dirigeant afro-américain converti à l'islam ainsi que les stratégies qui en découlent qui se construisent dans ce cas grâce à des attitudes interactionnelles, en réaction à une adversité ethnique persistante, due à des pratiques racistes et discriminatoires encore très perceptibles dans la société américaine. Ce travail montre que les données qualitatives qui se dégagent de ce discours tendent à appuyer une hypothèse selon laquelle Farrakhan cherche à accéder à l'américanité par la mise en relief de son islamité afin de contourner la dévalorisation qui pèse sur son identité afro-américaine. Dans les propos antinomiques de Farrakhan s'entremêlent, en effet, des symboles identitaires culturels et religieux de tous bords, et il en ressort une stratégie complexe d’identification qui combine recherche de différenciation identitaire et revendication de similitudes culturelles.

Storytelling has been part of human activity for thousands of years. Stories have the power to inform, persuade, elicit emotional responses, build support for coalitions and initiatives, and build civil society. This essay describes the 20 master story plots used throughout history,as well as the rhetorical, persuasive, and message design skills used to create compellingstories. The master plots and narrative techniques are advanced as important communi-cation and academic skills to teach storytelling to professionals, and to explain narrativetheory to public relations scholars. Emplotment, narrative theory, and Burkean identifica-tion and form, are contextualized as narrative tools, along with “master plots” from theprofessional writing literature.

This paper aims to develop an instrument to measure Player-Avatar Identification (PAI) in video game playing. Survey studies were conducted with over 1000 students in Singapore primary and secondary schools. The results of the studies demonstrated that PAI can be conceptualized and reliably measured in terms of four factorsfeelings during play, absorption during play, positive attitudes toward the game avatar and importance of the avatar to one's self identity. The four-factor model showed acceptable model data fit and satisfactory reliability and validity. The construct validity was supported by the relationship between PAI and identity style. The result suggested that students with diffused identity style reported significant higher scores on absorption and importance to identity. The usefulness of the concept and the scale was discussed in relation to behavioral and developmental implications. Player-Avatar Identification 18 students with diffused identity style reported significant higher scores on importance to identity as well as absorption compared to the other two groups.

The process of spectator’s engagement with the character is one of the most multidimensional studies in film theory. In his study on the character engagement, Murray Smith states that: ‘Characters are salient elements of narrative structure, but we should never lose sight of the fact that characters are, nevertheless, parts of larger structures’. (Smith, 1995, 74) By using the example of We Need to Talk About Kevin, an adaptation of Lionel Shriver’s (2003) famous homonymous novel, this essay will closely study the phenomenon of perverse allegiance through the prism of the ‘structure of sympathy’ theory, and discuss, to what extent perverse allegiance can be regarded as an aspect of character engagement and ‘identification’.

Mozart  Applied Anthropology Inquest  2019___ http://www.pontecorboli.com/scheda.php?codice=puech ____  The short life of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart ended in brutal circumstances followed by a mass grave burial. After the exhumation of the skull, the Mozarteum International Foundation was commissioned to design an exhibition Amadeus retracing the life of Mozart and Salieri with the help of forensic anthropology. The survey verified existing knowledge and made sense of newly discovered facts.

In 1948, a peaceful people underwent a prolific tragedy with the rupture of their homeland. Having welcomed with open arms the victims of a terrible tragedy in a distant land to a place where people of multiple faiths lived in social harmony, they shared their land, their food, their customs, only to be assaulted in a violent attack on the principles of a pluralistic society. These newcomers, it seemed, were determined to create a nation all for themselves, unwilling to share political authority over a diverse group of individuals and a unique assemblage of cultural identities. Resisting foreign attempts to split their homeland in two, this inherently peaceful people did what they could only think to do: They turned to their neighbors, whose cultures shared a similar language, heritage, and way of life. They, with the help of these neighbors, met the aggressive act of such a political demand with a decidedly aggressive response: the declaration of war. For them, there was no other way to preserve and protect their homeland, united in its historical importance to three religious faiths.

Tiraillés entre leur appartenance politique (à la République de Chine, donc à Taïwan) et leur localisation géographique (à quelques kilomètres seulement des côtes de la province chinoise du Fujian), les archipels de Kinmen et Matsu constituent un enjeu particulier et un révélateur original des relations sino-taïwanaises et de la trajectoire politique de la République de Chine. Avec les outils de la géopolitique, ce mémoire de recherche étudie la ainsi question de l'identité de ces territoires archipélagiques à l'aune de l'interaction entre trois strates identitaires principales : la sinité, la taïwanité et l'identité locale (de Kinmen et de Matsu).

This article evaluates provincial documentary culture in the Deccan (south-central
India) prior to the incorporation of this region into Mughal Hindustan in 1687. It investigates the production and content of ʿarz-o-chehrah (muster rolls), one among
many documentary genres that verified the Mughal soldier and his horse circulating
on the front lines of uncertain conquest. From these materials, a previous generation
of scholars distilled a taxonomy of self-contained “sub-national or ethnic”
or “racial” groups (“Irani,” “Turani,” “Afghan,” “Rajput,” “Deccani,” “Indian Muslim,”
and “Miscellaneous”) that confirmed narratives about the Mughal nobility found in
chronicle histories. However, these modern construals of “ethnicity” remain difficult
to map onto the actual ones found on descriptive rolls nor do they tell us how everyday
interactions between provincial scribes and the soldier-subject transformed these
categories. Social identifications underwent changes when imperial officials, scribes,
and soldiers shared a war front with the armies of the regional, independent Deccan
sultanates. Finer degrees of specificity characterized “northern” soldiers’ labels while
“southern” cavalry were defined through broad, essentialized groupings, reflecting the
changing profiles of cavalry recruitment. By analyzing social identifications, this article
charts the making of a pan-subcontinent system of soldier recruitment wherein
the state-making processes of northern and southern India began to mirror each other,
widening the ways of defining and seeing the ‘Mughal’ soldier. This unique piece of
paper bound two individual creatures, man and horse, whose identities were both
separate and united, into a mutually-dependent relationship. These double portraits
of man and horse functioned as proxies for pay slips and not simply as pre-modern
identification cards. In doing so, they also provide a window into one instance of the
uneven, ambiguous professionalization of mercenary-soldiers taking place across the
early modern world.

This chapter discusses the ways in which mythical stories of the origins of subcultures and the authenticity of subcultural identities have influenced subculture research since the 1970s. It states that neither the origin stories nor the authentic identities may be real, but that people nonetheless believe in them and base their actions on these beliefs. Based on these findings, the chapter proposes to approach subcultural myths in a pragmatic way, as constructed and negotiated stories that hold great importance for subcultural actors and scholars alike.

Followers’ identification with the leader and the organizational unit, dependence on the leader, and empowerment by the leader are often attributed to transformational leadership in organizations. However, these hypothesized outcomes have received very little attention in empirical studies. Using a sample of 888 bank employees working under 76 branch managers, the authors tested the relationships between transformational leadership and these outcomes. They found that transformational leadership was positively related to both followers’ dependence and their empowerment and that personal identification mediated the relationship between transformational leadership and followers’ dependence on the leader, whereas social identification mediated the relationship between transformational leadership and followers’
empowerment. The authors discuss the implications of these findings to both theory and practice.

The Israeli state apparatus mandates differentiated IDs to Palestinian citizens of Israel, Palestinian non-citizens in East Jerusalem, Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza. The bureaucracy of Palestinian ID cards since 1948 has rendered Palestinians more legible for the security interests of Israel while simultaneously discriminating Palestinians from Jews as unequal citizens and non-citizens. The ID card regime, and less so the permit regime, limits Palestinian geographic movement and economic mobility while simultaneously permitting freer Jewish-Israeli flows and mobilities. ID cards demonstrate the power of the Israeli regime to produce distinct people and bind them to specific territories (such as the Palestinians), while allowing others (Jewish-Israelis) to ‘trespass’ over those same boundaries. Through ID cards borders are erected between Jewish and Arab people, not Israeli and Palestinian territory. The ID card regime puts into question the nature and territorial boundaries of ‘Israel’, and the geopolitical existence of the ‘Palestinian Territories.’