Intertextuality And Plagiarism

This paper describes aspects of a research project which used linguistic and intertextual analysis of student writing to investigate the relationship between the academic curriculum and student voice in a first year economics course at a South African university. I argue that the discourses and practices of first year university economics textbooks provide a model of literacy practices which contradict many of the literacy practices of the discipline of economics. The first year economics textbook in particular, rather than exposing students to a variety of arguments and encouraging the development of critical reading skills appropriate for academic contexts, tends to be single voiced. This gives the impression of consensus in the discipline and it may encourage rote learning and plagiarism. This argument is supported with data from a research project. r

The sudden shift of schools to distance learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic has also impacted hospitalized children with severe medical, physical, or neurological conditions. We developed a system that enables children to attend classes using an alter-ego robot that lets them virtually experience an actual classroom environment. However, due to the inability of the existing camera and monitors to automatically adjust and magnify pivotal information that teachers present, another challenge is to draw children's attention and increase or maintain their concentration and focus during remote classes. Thus, we proposed and developed a system that automatically magnifies the view around where a pointing motion is detected. In this study, we described the design of our proposed camera-sensor-based pointing motion recognition with magnification function system using Kinect which consists of an RGB (color) camera, an IR (infrared) camera, an emitter-based Depth sensor, and four microphone arrays. We also conducted multiple experiments to extract pointing motions and evaluate the ability of the system to detect them using different parameters such as magnification rate, change-of-position tracking rate, and reset-position rate which were consequently used for Semantic Differential analysis. The optimal conditions and algorithms (e.g. upper body limb positioning, camera-blackboard-body distance and height measurements, color dimensions, user-monitor distance, etc.) were also investigated for system stability.

The ubiquity of the internet, lavish content and adeptness of social-media applications arouses issues of social media plagiarism, where lines cross in WhatsApp messaging and academic plagiarism. Plagiarism and copyright infringement have a variety of implication for scholars. While there are plagiarism checkers like Turnitin, it cannot decipher an original message extracted from the WhatsApp status update or
broadcast message. Hence the relevance of this textual and discourse analysis. The paper concludes that
WhatsApp plagiarism can be mitigated by user exercising strength-of-character (virtue) and discretion in updates. Also, the government providing enabling environment via policies, in the interest of good
scholarship.

En este trabajo se estudian las características particulares del proyecto editorial y literario que, desde 1985, viene desarrollando Ediciones Vigía. La reflexión se centra en el análisis la obra Los graduados de Kafka (2008), del autor cubano Jorge Ángel Hernández Pérez, por medio de la cuál se exploran y distuten las características artesanales y los componentes artísticos que otorgan una intensidad dramática al contenido del libro. Se discuten aspectos paralelos como la apropiación, la forma en la que los libros de artista demandan una la relación diferente de sus lectores, la distribución y elaboración de libros artesanales y el papel particular que, en este caso, tiene la intervención del editor y los diseñadores. Asimismo, se reflexiona sobre las referencias cruzadas entre lo que se denomina «kafkiano», los elementos intertextuales y el mundo en el que se desarrollan los relatos que componen la obra de Hernández Pérez.

The creativity of an individual is only limited to the imagination span of an individual, in that there have been persons who have shaped and advance the world by only their creative imagination , but in contrast to that there is the force that seeks to remove creativity from our lives and that is when one seeks to limit himself from his own creativity , that view is called plagiarism. the impact of plagiarism is that firstly, it shows our creative inadequacies, secondly it does not give credit to authentic work and thirdly, plagiarism have become a criminal offence. Firstly it is at times highly likely for us to have Creative inadequacy when we want to have a well refined research, we might want to add some source, facts or information from scholars and to make our work more meaningful. This is due to the fact of our human inadequacies to forget , require learning or inspiration or just maybe we can't find the answer to that question.but at no time should it be done without the correct appraisal of the author of the idea that we may use to make our work more interested to view and read. Secondly,it does not give credit to authentic works. it is a simple process to cite that the information or conclusion in our work didn't develop from our own creative imaginations, to say we had help from an external source rather we seek to take credit.any document that has ideas or words that was written by someone else than the person writing the piece,breaks down the bond of creativity which the heavenly father gives to each individual to be able to think and imagine and then make his imagination His own or reality,therefore the reproduction of one's creativity and imagination intellectual to mimic your own is wrong.

Plagiarism is regarded as a heinous crime within the academic community, but anecdotal evidence suggests that some writers plagiarize without intending to transgress academic conventions. This article reports a study of the writing of 17 postgraduate students. Source reports in the student-generated texts were compared to the original sources in order to describe the relationship between the two. Interviews were also conducted with the student writers and their supervisors. The student writing was found to contain textual features which could be described as plagiarism, but the writers’ accounts of their work and the textual analysis strongly suggest absence of intention to plagiarize, thus providing empirical verification of similar suggestions in the literature. Implications of these findings are discussed and include a recommendation that the focus on preventing plagiarism be shifted from post facto punishment to proactive teaching.

Two kind of frequent written activities of Romanian advanced students are described in this paper: these are quotation and plagiarism in french dissertations done for research degree. Both are used by students for the production of their final text, almost homogeneous, avoiding to use all complex rules necessary to the text generation, which rules are very often ignored by these students because appropriate exercises for writing are missing in their programs.
We analyse a typical example of quotation and plagiarism and we try to understand and to describe the particular educational context in Romania. Our conclusions suggest how to give an officially recognition to these stigmatised activities in order to insert them in a real curriculum of training for writing.
Dans cet article, on étudie deux activités rédactionnelles fréquentes dans les mémoires de fin d’études des étudiants roumains francisants : la citation et le plagiat. L’une et l’autre se combinent pour produire un texte relativement homogène qui allège considérablement les lourds processus de génération textuelle que les étudiants ne peuvent maîtriser, faute d’entraînement.
Après l’analyse d’un exemple type, on cherche à comprendre les raisons de cet état de fait dans le contexte particulier de la situation éducative puis des propositions sont faites pour que ces activités officiellement condamnées puissent devenir des activités reconnues qui s’inséreraient dans un programme de perfectionnement à la rédaction écrite.

Les relations unissant les Pensées aux Essais ne cessent d'occuper les études pascaliennes. La plupart des éditions disponibles des Pensées renvoient désormais en notes aux passages plagiés, visés ou commentés des Essais, et de nombreux travaux, anciens comme récents, ont permis d'éclairer les principales facettes de l'influence intellectuelle de Montaigne sur Pascal 1 ou de préciser le rôle qui lui était assigné dans l'apologie en devenir 2 . Aussi est-il curieux d'observer que la question de l'emprise formelle et stylistique des Essais sur les Pensées n'ait suscité, pour sa part, que peu d'études approfondies 3 . Dès le XVII e siècle, les Recueils de choses diverses édités par J. Mesnard le précisaient cependant : « M. Pascal estimait Montaigne pour son style et son sens. Il disait qu'il lui avait appris à écrire » 4 . Peu se sont donc donné la peine d'interroger une évidence aussi bien installée.

Top Ten Reasons to read this Book

1. Show Christians and Jews the truth of the Quran while showing them the errors of the Bible!

2. You will see exactly which verses of the Quran correct those errors from the Bible!

3. Contains Islamic replies to established excuses by Jewish and Christian scholars!

4. Provides you with a new climax in comparative religion analysis!

5. Nearly a decade of research to make this book for you, the reader!

6. Organized in a topical format for quick and easy reference - an encyclopedia of Quranic corrections to errors in the Bible!

7. You are going to read four books in one:

*A book of Errancy; that lists over two hundred contradictions in the Bible

*A book of Excuses; in light of religious fairness, excuses by the top Biblical apologetics have been included!

*A book of Rebuttals; refutations to the Biblicist excuses are listed, so that the reader can view both views with an open mind!

*A book of Corrections; which lists the ways the Quran corrects the Old and New Testament.

8. Detailed descriptions of over 200 miracles in the Quran. What thousands of priests and thousands of years could not do: the Quran does.

9. Extensively lists the Differences and Similarities between the Quran and the Bible.

10. Lists the various Biblical differences between Judaism and Christianity and how the Quran settles those points of dispute.

El poeta ecuatoriano Ernesto Noboa Caamaño publicó en 1916 «Emoción vesperal», composición que, según parece, un año antes había salido a la luz en Argentina con la firma de Emilio Berisso y bajo el título de «Spleen». El presente estudio investiga las relaciones entre ambas obras, preguntándose si se nos presenta un caso de plagio.

Over the past three decades, international trade agreements, intellectual property law, multinational business, and governmental (and nongovernmental) organizations have established administrative frameworks in which culture is treated as a fungible resource (Coombe 394). The rapid commodification of culture is part of what has been called “the second enclosure movement”—a process that accelerated at the international level in the 1980s, when the erosion of the industrial manufacturing base in the advanced Western economies sent governments (particularly the Reagan administration) “casting about for a politically painless way to address the growing trade deficit” between East and West (Alford 99). The weight of this massive shift from industrial to information capitalism is reflected in the prioritization of intellectual property issues in the World Trade Organization’s General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), where literary (and other traditionally “cultural”) matters were integrated with questions of commerce and security in the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs). The conversion of literary creations into cultural commodities has reconfigured world literary space and the terms of participation in it. It seems clear to me that these property models of culture pose problems for comparative literature, when 99.4% of the world’s intellectual properties are controlled by owners in the post-industrialized Global North (UNDP 68). But, despite the fact that Pascale Casanova and other analysts of World Literature claim to be interested in “the unequal distribution of literary resources” (175), the world literature industry has taken little stock of the real economic and political contexts in which contemporary literature is produced and comparative (and world) literature practiced.

This text is the result of a research process that has been carried out during the last five years on the realities and problems of plagiarism in contexts of higher education in different countries. We have observed eight groups of university students of different degrees in Engineering in a mandatory course of "Oral and written expression" in two universities in different countries (Ecuador and Spain). This course aims to provide tools to develop skills in oral and written presentations on academic assignments. Through practical exercises, manuals and presentations, students develop different strategies to generate tools to expose their knowledge as a "way of doing". The development of student tasks follows specific guidelines discussed with the use of technology to detect plagiarism, Turnitin and Urkund tools. The results of our research indicate how the average percentage of plagiarism in student work is reduced with the introduction of this software.

This is the PDF-PowerPoint which I prepared for my online exposition at The X International Legal Forum "Legal Protection of Intellectual Property: Problems of Theory and Practice" HISTORY OF LEGAL SCIENCE: TRANSFORMATION OF IDEAS AND IMAGES February 19, 2022, 11:00–13:00 MSK Plagiarism in Science: Historical, Ethical & Legal Discourse Discussion Club, organised by the Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL).

Монография Л. Г. Пановой «Мнимое сиротство: Хлебников и Хармс в контексте русского и европейского модернизма» – попытка подвергнуть художественные произведения, манифесты и жизнетворческие практики первого авангарда непредвзятому рассмотрению, не зависимому как от культа авангарда, так и от сложившейся за столетие инерции его восприятия. В монографии проблематизируются: природа первого авангарда, легитимность того уникального места, которое он занял в сегодняшнем литературном каноне, и масштаб его новаторства (письмо с якобы чистого листа без опоры на предшественников). В развитие этой исследовательской программы прокладываются увлекательные интеллектуальные маршруты от существующих трактовок прославленных произведений Велимира Хлебникова («Заклятия смехом», «Мирасконца», «Ка», «Зангези» и др.) и знаменитой пьесы Даниила Хармса «Лапа» – через их контекстуализацию – к новым. В результате у обоих писателей обнаруживается богатейшая доавангардная родословная. Драматического пика анализ творчества Хлебникова и Хармса достигает при обсуждении их программных жестов разрыва с традицией, типа бросания Пушкина с парохода современности, долженствовавших отвлечь внимание аудитории от предшественников и сфокусировать его на грандиозном авторском «я». В целом оба писателя оказываются, сами того не желая, типичными представителями модернизма, разделяющими со своей эпохой интеллектуальные моды, сюжеты, мотивы, жизнетворческие и рекламные стратегии. Их принадлежность к модернизму демонстрируется и в разделе, посвященном нумерологическому топосу русской литературы. Почерпнув математический репертуар у современников-модернистов, Хлебников использовал его для создания своих автомифологем «Король времени» и основатель «звездного языка», на которые затем нетривиальным образом отреагировали обэриуты, а также другие модернисты, как авангардного, так и неавангардного толка, от Михаила Кузмина и Евгения Замятина до Вениамина Каверина и Осипа Мандельштама.
Для филологов, специализирующихся на авангарде и модернизме, и широкого круга читателей, интересующихся историей русской литературы. Второе издание, испр. и доп., - 2018.

Начало монографии см. здесь -  https://id.hse.ru/books/226935985.html ; там же ссылка на сайт, продающий электронную версию книги .

An Imaginary Orphanhood: Velimir Khlebnikov and Daniil Kharms in the Context of Russian and European Modernism (1st. ed. 2017, 2nd ed. 2018) by Lada Panova takes a new and revisionist look at the Russian avant-garde. It examines the literary works, manifestoes and life-as-art practices of Velimir Khlebnikov, Daniil Kharms and other avant-garde authors, countering various critical myths about the avant-garde (including its own), especially the notion that the movement arose ex nihilo, totally rejecting all authority or precedent and “writing from a clean slate.”
An Imaginary Orphanhood offers provocative readings of the most celebrated works by Khlebnikov (“Incantation by Laughter,” The World in Reverse, “Ka,” Zangezi, etc.) and of Kharms’ much discussed play Paw. In each case, analysis begins with an overview of accepted interpretations; goes on to contextualize the work by examining relevant intellectual fashions, cults and patterns of the epoch that came into play; and ends up offering some unexpected conclusions.
Among other things, this reexamination of Khlebnikov and Kharms’ works reveals the authors’ rich pre-avant-garde literary pedigrees. The demythologization of the “orphanhood” proclaimed by the first avant-gardists culminates in a discussion of Khlebnikov and Kharms’ programmatic gestures of rupture with tradition, such as the well-known call to throw Pushkin and the classics off the steamboat of modernity. These gestures aimed at deemphasizing the writers’ links to their predecessors and focused readers’ attention instead on their own grandiose selves. In reality, both Khlebnikov and Kharms emerge, unwittingly, as true sons of modernism who shared its intellectual concerns, as well as its strategies for self-advertising and for making art out of life (zhiznetvorchestvo).
The modernist manner of avant-garde thinking is also demonstrated in a section dedicated to the numerological topos in Russian literature. Khlebnikov reworked the modernist numerological repertoire, generating self-promotional mythemes and laying claim to such titles as “King of Time” and Founder of the universal “star language.”  These in turn provoked lively responses from Oberiu and other modernists, including Mikhail Kuzmin, Evgenii Zamiatin, Veniamin Kaverin and Osip Mandel’shtam.
An Imaginary Orphanhood targets specialists in Russian modernism and Russian avant-garde, as well as a wider readership interested in Russian literature.

O nce dismissed for its supposedly sloppy plot and poor prose or briefly lauded for its status as the first African American novel, William Wells Brown's Clotel; or, The President's Daughter: A Narrative of Slave Life in the United States (1853), is finally getting the scholarly attention it deserves. 1 Since Ann duCille declared in 2000 that "Clotel remains a book in need of both reading and readings, an originary, enabling text in want of analysis and deep theorizing," scholars have flocked to supply them. 2 Nearly every major academic trade press-including Bedford/St. Martin's, Broadview, Library of America, Norton, and Penguin-offers an edition of Brown's now "classic American novel" edited by a highly regarded Brown scholar. 3 Edited essay collections discussing early African American literature include, almost by default, pieces on Brown and Clotel.

Les historiens des sciences accordent à Francesco Redi le mérite d’avoir réfuté, sur la base d’un rigoureux empirisme, la croyance millénaire dans la génération spontanée, c'est-à-dire l’idée que les êtres vivants pourraient se développer à partir de la matière. Pourtant, la lecture en contexte de l’œuvre de Redi, ainsi que sa comparaison avec la littérature érudite de son temps, mettent radicalement en discussion cette image.
En 1668, Redi publie les 'Esperienze intorno alla generazione degl’insetti' (Expériences sur la génération des insectes), œuvre qui, déjà dans le choix du vulgaire et dans son titre 'Esperienze', dénonce la volonté de Redi d’adhérer à l’école galiléenne.  Pourtant, cet article met en relief toute une série de contradictions entre la façade galiléenne des 'Esperienze' et leur contenu. Premièrement, en insistant sur le fait que les citations – d’auteurs anciens et modernes, de traités d’histoire naturelle mais aussi des classiques de la littérature - sont extrêmement abondantes dans le traité de Redi. Mais également en montrant, par une analyse détaillée des sources utilisées par cet auteur, que ce dernier a largement (et tacitement) exploité le travail de l’érudit français Samuel Bochart.

Deuxièmement, contrairement à ce que Redi proclame dans les premières pages des 'Esperienze', le débat théorique au sujet de la génération spontanée est bien présent à son esprit quand il compose ce traité. On peut même dire que les 'Esperienze' sont conçues comme une réplique polémique dans laquelle l’érudition se trouve manipulée –j’analyse en particulier la relation dialectique entre le texte de Redi et les écrits du célèbre Athanasius Kircher (qui à son tour a pillé l’œuvre très influente de Fortunio Liceti).

... instruction, Pecorari supports “learning by doing” (p. 50), ie apprentice-type arrangements through which novices ... reporting of content from a source without distortion; (4) the effectiveness of using sources for ... to be called plagiarism, but any of the texts in this corpus could have ...

Данная работа представляет собой исследование, посвящённое изучению поэтики интермедиальности в английской литературе начала ХХ века на примере романов "Куда боятся ступить ангелы" Э.М. Форстера и "Луна и грош" У.С. Моэма. Исследование проведено в русле современных литературоведческих и культурологических концепций.
Изучением проблемы интермедиальности в искусстве начали заниматься лишь в конце ХХ века. Основой для новых исследований стала необходимость переосмыслить тысячелетние традиции синтеза искусств с позиций современных литературоведческих, культурологических и лингвистических концепций. Называя одни и те же явления по-разному (синтез искусств, синкретизм, интертекст и интермедиальность), не одно поколение учёных посвятило свои работы данной проблеме.

A recent find in the Department of Early Printed Books and Special Collections at Trinity College Dublin revealed that George Shanks, the man who published the first English translation of The Protocols of the Elders of Zion in January 1920 was working as a clerk in the Chief Whips Office at 12 Downing Street under Coalition Whip, Freddie Guest. A closer look at Shanks' background also reveals he was the nephew of Aylmer Maude, the famous friend and translator of Tolstoy who became a leading voice in the pro-Interventionist movement of the Russian Affairs Committee during the Russian Civil War of 1917 to 1922. Maude’s colleagues at this time included former members of Britain’s wartime propaganda bureau in Petrograd, Harold Williams, Bernard Pares and Hugh Walpole, who were working closely with Winston Churchill on a no-holds barred campaign to destroy Lenin's Bolsheviks. I also explore the impact of Churchill's no less incendiary article for the Illustrated Sunday Herald, Zionism versus Bolshevism, which cynically combined the needs of making progress on the issue of British Mandate Palestine with attempts to undermine the trade negotiations between David Lloyd George's governmentand Soviet Russia.

A brand new find also reveals that Shanks co-translator, Major Edward G.G. Burdon was serving as Secretary to the United Russia Socities Association under House of Commons Speaker, James Lowther and alongside members Sir Bernard Pares, John Buchan and Hugh Walpole in support of White Russia's war against the Bolsheviks..

Historians do a fantastic job of recovering the past but like everybody else they're not infallible. There are many reasons for omissions, with few (if any) arising from outright conspiracy or deliberate attempts to deceive.

Please note that this book DOES NOT support the paranoid notion that The Protocols is real. The Protocols of the Elders of Zion is a crude and malicious fake, as this unfinished draft of book sets out to prove.

The PDF download available here takes the form of a guide to a book that has yet to be completed. It is a rough, unfinished draft.

ظاهرة التناص بين الإمام عبدالقاهر الجرجاني وجوليا كريستيفا
The phenomenon of intertextuality between Al-Jerjani and Kristeva
من كتاب : بحوث المؤتمر العلمي الدولي الأول لكلية اللغة العربية بأسيوط، (الإمام عبدالقاهر الجرجاني وجهوده في إثراء علوم العربية)، المدة من 8 - 10 شوال 1435هـ، السنة 2014 ، الشهر 11،  المجلد 3 ، أرقام الصفحات 1386 – 1434، الرقم المرجعي للكتاب 22316/2014

Peu après sa parution en 1968, le roman Le devoir de violence, du Malien Yambo Ouologuem, fait scandale lorsque plusieurs passages s'avèrent «plagiés» d'écrivains européens. À partir du concept de «récriture», soit la récupération-modification de textes existants pour produire une oeuvre originale (Jeandillou 1994), cet article avance que le plagiat peut constituer un ressort essentiel d'une posture narrative subversive dans une perspective postcoloniale. Les emprunts d'Ouologuem contestent les paradigmes européens de propriété intellectuelle et d'authenticité, tout en s'inscrivant dans un mimétisme transgressif et une hybridité qui mine l'autorité (néo)coloniale. Ce pillage symbolique répond alors à celui longtemps exercé en contexte de domination.

The present communication aims at creation of the Bessarabian poet Grigore Vieru in the broader context of the unique phenomenon of Intertextuality disseminated along the Romanian literature. The very genotextualisation thus appears as a unhackneyed poetical corpus, the cultural mechanism of which necessarily includes various psychoanalytical elements of domestication and foreignisation

Алгебра Хлебникова – числа, формулы, уравнения и таблицы – стала его визитной карточкой с середины 1910-х годов. С 1920-х годов в программе хлебниковедческих штудий она прочно удерживает второе место (первое – у словотворчества).
Традиционно в арифметике Хлебникова видят манифестацию его пророческого дара (вариант: дара ученого), с одной стороны, и самобытность его художественного мира, с другой. В настоящей статье предпринимается попытка пересмотреть оба эти положения в пользу третьего, интертекстуального. Математическое «хозяйство» Хлебникова, сосредоточенное в «Досках судьбы» и более ранних эссе, а также рассеянное по его поэзии, прозе, драматургии и переписке, – закономерный продукт Серебряного века. Принадлежность Хлебникова к этой традиции и драпируют одежды пророка.

This thesis explores debates about plagiarism in post-apartheid South Africa, focussing on two highly-publicised cases, Antje Krog’s Country of My Skull and Zakes Mda’s The Heart of Redness.  Through close reading, and by presenting such reading as culturally meaningful rather than forensic, I argue that in each text plagiarism acts as a contestation of cultural authority and a type of symbolic violence. Each text consciously affiliates itself to a particular literary tradition, occluding those sources that trouble the limits of these traditions, and re-appropriating cultural prestige. Re-establishing context illuminates the violent transculturations that underwrite South African cultural production and how national literatures are fields of contestation, rather than organically developing, self-contained formations.
Chapter One considers the dispute between Stephen Watson and Krog over their respective poeticisations of |Xam narratives, contextualising it within a long history of appropriative white writing about indigenous peoples. Chapter Two considers Krog’s alleged plagiarisms in Country of My Skull; notes other instances of unacknowledged copying; and relates Krog’s borrowings to her use of testimony, arguing that a number of testimonies are fictionalised, and that Krog's borrowings and fictionalisations work together to lend her text a first-hand authenticity marked as specifically African. Chapter Three considers Mda’s alleged plagiarism of Jeff Peires’s The Dead Will Arise and notes how, contrary to Mda’s claim that there is no written record for the Khoikhoi stories he retells in his novel, there is one, Theophilus Hahn’s Tsuni-||Goam. Mda’s borrowings serve to reinscribe an originary Xhosa identity, relatively uninflected by Christian,colonial influence, and to affiliate his work with African orature, rather than print culture. The afterword comments on the wider cultural and ethical implications of plagiarism; the ‘counter-narratives’ that Krog and Mda’s borrowings reveal; and the relationship of their borrowings to the metaphorical ‘forging’ of a ‘new’ South Africa in post-apartheid authorship.

Corruption and unethical issues in African higher education systems is a problem that requires urgent intervention. Plagiarism in publications is one of the ways this corruption manifests. Focusing on the usage of anti-plagiarism software in higher education in Africa has become a necessity. Moreover, the overriding consideration here is level of awareness, adoption and usage of antiplagiarism software and how it resonates amongst students of public and private universities in Nigeria. The crux of this paper centred on addressing the problem of corruption and other related unethical issues that infringe on intellectual property rights in academic milieu with adoption of control measures. The paper therefore utilised protection motivation theory (PMT) to further illuminate the understanding of plagiarism. The model explains how students' awareness and usage of plagiarism software, their institutions' attitude to plagiarism in terms of adoption, and students' personal protection tendencies offer the control mechanism in a form of anti-plagiarism software. Structured questionnaires were administered to 150 undergraduates; the data set was analysed to determine the Covariance and this indicated the differences in the students' level of awareness and perception of the control of the act of plagiarism. The findings highlighted the necessity of usage of anti-plagiarism software for the management of corruption and unethical issues in university education. Finally, recommendations were made for the development of specifically tailored programs by universities to effectively address the issue of students' plagiarism.

Many students are first introduced, during their orientations on a university campus, about the use of plagiarism in their academic writing. It is something all students have all had to deal with in their academic careers. However, not all students adhere to the rules of not plagiarizing on academic papers in higher education settings. Many nonnative English speaking students and professors do not follow the rules of the university plagiarism policies. Not adhering to the rules could lead to serious consequences for the non-native English speaker that they were either unaware of or imagined they could circumvent because of what occurred in their past university’s system. The participants included in the reviewed studies are of East Asian ethnicity attending Western universities. The study examines the literature and posits that Google Drive is capable of assisting students’ collaboration on writing assignments in the university setting. The results indicate four areas of interest for educators to be aware of: patchwriting, culture, the inability among native English speaking and nonnative English speaking professors to teach the proper skills needed to solve theproblems faced by students who plagiarize, and there needs to be communication with the academic advisors of English language learning students.

Questo volume raccoglie gli atti di due seminari tenutisi nel 2010 presso la Facoltà di Giurisprudenza di Trento. I due incontri sono parte integrante della prima serie di seminari del gruppo LawTech (<http://www.lawtech.jus.unitn.it/>) del Dipartimento di Scienze Giuridiche dell’Università di Trento, serie concepita e organizzata dal collega Umberto Izzo assieme allo scrivente. L’idea fu quella di riunire attorno a un tavolo studiosi provenienti da diversi saperi e ragionare sul complesso e affascinante concetto di «plagio». Giuristi, studiosi di letteratura, artisti, musicisti, storici si confrontarono da diverse prospettive dando vita a un dibattito interdisciplinare estremamente ricco di riferimenti culturali e spunti di riflessione. Le relazioni presentate nell’aprile 2010 sono state rielaborate, completate da riferimenti bibliografici e raccolte nel volume che oggi vede la luce. La doppia pubblicazione, mediante licenza Creative Commons, sia in formato cartaceo (a pagamento), sia in Open Access (formato digitale gratuito disponibile sull’archivio istituzionale Unitn eprints <http://eprints.biblio.unitn.it/> e sul sito LawTech, alle pagine dedicate al tema del plagio <http://www.lawtech.jus.unitn.it/index.php/plagiarism>), completa l’opera di diffusione che aveva preso le mosse, all’indomani delle giornate seminariali, con la messa a disposizione del pubblico delle riprese dei lavori (si veda l’archivio video del sito Web Jus.unitn.it all’URL: <http://www.jus.unitn.it/services/arc/2010/0421/home.html>)

Intertextuality in the Detective Fiction of P.D. James. Clues (Fall-Winter 2001) Bowling Green University Press.


Among the British intellectual and political elite, the art of juggling literary references was, at least until the beginning of World War II, a widespread game. It was a useful tool for cultured people, having graduated from either Oxford or Cambridge, to recognize one another and, in a way, to exclude the vulgum pecus from the serious problems in society. Frequently citing the great classics was thus a sign of solidarity for a class of people from the same socio-cultural background.
However, with the progressive percentage decline in the power structure of this elite in government institutions, literary reference games were significantly curtailed. If they have nearly disappeared in these official circles, they continue to flourish in the works of detective fiction writers.