Marginality

This article questions how marginalised and emerging identities are negotiated in a particular type of musical collaboration: that between sean nós singers (the ‘traditional voice’) and composers of contemporary music in Ireland.

Drawing on Fabian Holt’s (2008) concept of locating marginalised musics ‘in-between’ cultural categories and genres (what he terms ‘in-between poetics’), and exploring both the socio-historical trajectory and development of sean nós singing and of contemporary music in Ireland using specific musical examples, I will examine what bringing emerging and marginalised voices to the fore might mean for previous conceptions of Irish musical identity. I argue that it is within these ‘in-between’ spaces that musical collaborations occur and that there is room for a pattern of marginality to emerge, one in which the ‘hidden’ or marginal voice of sean nós finds a new space and expression within a genre which has remained on the periphery of Irish musical culture. The concept of an ‘in-betweenness’ offers a conceptual framework in which music at the borders or boundaries of its own tradition or practice can find new ways to mediate its marginality and ‘otherness’ and to negotiate musical identity. Thus, marginality as a concept functions creatively within these collaborations, finding a space for a new or ‘emerging’ voice to be articulated in the process.

Furthermore, I explore how the relationship between particular musical collaborations and identity in Ireland can contribute new perspectives to musicology in terms of revising existing issues within the discipline in relation to the theoretical, linguistic and descriptive frameworks used to analyse and explain the meaning of this music from an identity perspective.

A partir de los textos de las epístolas denominadas zurzūriyyāt, en este artículo se pretende profundizar en las dos caras del personaje en torno al cual se articulan estas originales y singulares composiciones, exclusivas de la literatura andalusí. El retrato literario que de él transmiten tiene mucho que decir sobre la figura histórica de un hombre apodado al-Zurayzīr, que en estas creaciones literarias oscila entre el símbolo y la realidad y que recuerda mucho al héroe de las maqāmāt.

Based on the epistles called zurzūriyyāt, in this article we try to study in depth the two sides of the character around which these original and unique literary pieces —exclusive of Andalusian literature— revolve. The literary portrait that these texts convey about the mentioned character has much to say about the historical figure of a man nicknamed al-Zurayzīr, who fluctuates between symbol and reality in these literary creations and who is very reminiscent of the hero of the maqāmāt.

It seems that every culture shares a figure who "tricks" and transgresses rules even if at the same time he is a "Cultural Hero". Based on a classification of some basic characteristics common to all "tricksters", and despite the fact that contradiction and ambiguity are fundamental to their identity, this paper deals with the traces of the trickster in several Medieval Literature characters as Loki, Renart, Tristan, Merlin, Robin Hood and the anonymous mischievous deceivers of fabliaux and nouvelles.

Il semblerait que toutes les cultures ont en commun un personnage qui transgresse les lois sociales et abuse ses semblables, même s'il peut, à la fois, représenter un héros civilisateur. Malgré les contradictions et ambiguïtés qui déterminent la figure du trickster ou joueur des tours mythique, on partira d'une classification des composantes fondamentales de son identité pour examiner ses traces chez plusieurs personnages de la littérature médiévale tels que Loki, Renart, Tristan, Merlin et Robin Hood, ainsi que chez les mystificateurs anonymes des courts récits.

Ce texte présente les observations et résultats obtenus à partir d'une étude se centrant sur l'un des principaux points de passage frontalier entre le Mexique et le Guatemala et portant sur le franchissement irrégulier de la frontière. Il s'agit de parvenir à une meilleure compréhension du phénomène en mettant en lumière les facteurs sociaux, culturels, géographiques ou encore politiques et institutionnels.

A baseline survey in the 4 blocks of North 24 Parganas was proposed to understand the state of violence on women in the extreme fringes of the state. These 4 blocks of Sandeshkhali 1&2, Minakhan and Hingalganj, are near Kolkata but are still remote in terms of facilities and service providers.  Most of the islands in sundarban are now self-sufficient in terms of essential service providers likeschools and hospitals. However the one thing needed to uphold the virtues of a civilized society whichonly recognize power, Police Stations are rare. Many of the women interviewed are from familieswhose male members are either part- time agricultural labour and migratory labour for constructions inKolkata or other big cities in India, that include Delhi, Mumbai. The women themselves, many of themare rag-pickers and work as domestic help in the city and its suburbs. This report will help not only us to develop a customized proposal to address the shortcomings of the region but will also help other like minded organizations to comprehend the extent of violence and understand the various impediments faced by the women of this nearly remote landscape(Sunderbans).

RESUME : L’objet de notre travail est d’explorer la notion de pratiques de consommation marginales à travers le cas de la lithothérapie. Cette pratique, qui s’entoure d’une aura teintée de médecine, de spiritualité, d’ésotérisme et qui contient également des éléments de collection et de rituels doit être observée comme un nouveau marché dont
l’ampleur est pour le moment non quantifiable. Notre recherche, exploratoire, considère la
spiritualité comme une tendance de consommation. Cette recherche présente donc un
premier travail axé sur la revue de la littérature, la méthodologie exploratoire mise en oeuvre
(la netnographie et l’entretien d’experts) ainsi que les principaux résultats obtenus sur le terrain. Enfin, les premiers éléments de discussion soulèvent les projets de construction
identitaire des consommateurs via les significations symboliques associées aux produits proposés sur le marché de la spiritualité.

Understanding the life of the wage earners or the laboring class, which remains deeply influenced by the process of marginalization in a highly casteist and gendered society like India is relevant due to two vital reasons. One, the wage earners are the victims of marginalization that has resulted from either the denial of; or inequitable distribution of resources; or both; the roots of which actually lie in a complexity of socio-cultural-economic-political framework of society, these people being mostly the victims of structural marginality. In India, members of a specific ‘gender, caste, class, and ethnic identity’ experience structural marginality due to which the laboring class remains the most exploited even though their labour is utilized by every social group of society. In fact, the lowly paid wage earning work of these groups of individuals is due to their being members of a particular or more marginalized groups at a time (Figure 1). Again Indian society having adopted a socialist and democratic form of constitution that pledges to minimize the inequalities in income, to eliminate inequalities in status, facilities and opportunities, among individuals and groups of individuals by Article 38 (2); to secure all workers a living wage, conditions of work ensuring a decent standard of life and full enjoyment of leisure and social and cultural opportunities by Article 43; to take special care of the SCs, STS  and other weaker sections of the society and to protect them from social injustice and all forms of exploitation by Article 46. Despite this, the ideals of equality, justice and liberty being the core ideals inherent in Indian constitution along with the fundamental rights of non-discrimination and non-exploitation of any individual or group of individuals based on caste, class, gender, race, need a revisit after sixty-five years of the framing of constitution. It is required to check whether these ideals have been implemented so as to benefit the most disadvantaged groups of Indian society. In this regard, to understand the nature and extent of marginalization of the wage earning communities hold relevance because marginalization and development are the two contrasted but interrelated terms, and success of democracy rests on the principles of development of each and every citizen in equal terms with that of the entire nation of India, of course not excluding the small district of Cachar.

The Impact of Training and Development on Employee Performance and Effectiveness: A Case Study of District Five Administration Office, Bole Sub-City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, (03), pp.188-202

Marginality as a Root Cause of Poverty: Identifying Marginality Hotspots in Ethiopia, (78), pp.420-435.

Developmental State of Ethiopia: Reflections on the Benefits Obtained and the Costs Incurred, (14), No.2

Leskaj, E. (2017). The challenges faced by the strategic management of public organizations. Administratie si Management Public, (29), pp.151-161.

Eigene Visualisierung der Figurations-, Interdependenz- oder Prozeßtheorie des deutsch-niederländischen Soziologen Norbert Elias (1897-1990) als theoretisches Modell für künftige historiographische Forschungen zum Thema "Historische Adelsdevianz".

Human attitudes, practices and behavior modes as determined by culturally marked spaces: the author offers a new key to a wide range of phenomena coming from different Indo-European cultures, both archaic and modern, starting from the social-semantic structure Scythian "animal style" and up to Russian "mat" as (genetically) a male obscene code.

Repetition is one of the central themes of The Hungry Tide by Amitav Ghosh. In the tide country of the Sunderbans tide and ebb occur at regular intervals and this repetition decides everything for the people of the tide country. Even their life and death are decided by it. Chance and coincidence make Nirmal, Nilima, Kusum and Horen face each other. it is the tide country that ultimately decides their fate. Years later when Kanai, Piya, Moyna and Fokir are at the same place, incidents and situations repeat themselves making repetitions one of the central deciding factors.

Sons and Lover, a psychological compilation, a novel of ideas, devoid of traditional plot, an anti feminist piece of literature, one bright book of life, is well known for its autobiographical outburst which was published in 1913. It is the love novel for which D.H Lawrence commands our respect and sympathy in the shape of novel writing. Though the influence of Sigmond Freud is quite discernible in the works of D.H Lawrence, Sons and Lovers exposes us to Lawrence's deep interest and adequate knowledge and analysis of man-woman relationships and its intricacies.

Novita Rizki Y-170311611620-Offering B 7.2.1 FUNGSI PRODUKSI Fungsi produksi umum menghasilkan fungsi tenaga kerja (L) dan fungsi modal (K), yaitu Q = f(L, K) Fungsi produksi yang biasa dipakai pada analisis ekonomi adalah fungsi produksi Cobb-Douglas yang ditulis sebagai Q = A Dimana A konstan dan 0 < < 1, 0 < < 1, L > 0, K > 0. Sebagai contoh, fungsi produksi Cobb-Douglas secara spesifik bisa ditulis Q = 50L 0.4 K 0.6 Tabel 7.4 Tabel fungsi marginal untuk Q = Q = A : 0 < < 1, 0 < < 1 Nama Turunan Parsial Tafsiran Produk Marginal dari Tenaga Kerja Q L = MP L = = A MP L > 0 Dengan modal yang konstan, Q meningkat sebagai input tenaga kerja. L, meningkat Q LL = = = (-1) = (-1) Karena Q LL < 0 maka kurva cekung ke asal Q LL < 0 Dengan modal yang konstan, Q meningkat, tetapi meningkat pada nilai yang menurun; oleh karena itu MP L menurun (nilai berubah menjadi negatif) sebagai input tenaga kerja, L, menurun Produk Marginal dari Modal Q K = MP K = = A Hokum Pengembalian Tenaga Kerja yang Semakin Berkurang MP K > 0 Dengan tenaga kerja yang konstan, Q meningkat sebagai input modal. K, meningkat Q KK = = = A (-1) Q KK < 0 Dengan tenaga kerja yang

Marginalität. Ränder. Der Begriff der Marginalität changiert zwischen Abstraktion und Bildhaltigkeit. Das macht ihn benutzerfreundlich - man weiss immer schon in etwa, was gemein ist. Andererseits macht es ihn ungreifbar, weil die Assoziationen, die sich mit dem Rand verbinden, nicht ohne weiteres auf einen Begriff zu bringen sind. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, verschiedene implizite Wertungen, die die topographische Suggestion transportiert, synthetisierend zu beschreiben. Berücksichtigt werden Randpositionen auf unterschiedlichen medialen Oberflächen (Bilder, Karten, Manuskriptseiten). Korreliert wird der Befund mit den Ergebnissen der Sozialtopographie. Welche Perspektiven eröffnet eine Engführung der baulichen 'mise en espace' mittelalterlicher Gemeinschaften, der 'mise en place' im Bild und der Karte sowie der 'mise en page' des mittelalterlichen Codex? Die These ist: Wenn man die historischen Raumkonzepte, die dem Begriff der Marginalität unterlegt sind, expliziert, dann ermöglicht das nicht nur, den modernen Begriff an das Imaginarium der mittelalterlichen Quellen anzuschliessen, sondern auch, den modernen “Vereinbarungsbegriff”  (Schubert) als Terminus zu präziseren. Der Beitrag bietet eine resümierende Skizze dieser Operation.

The article examines the role of social media groups for online freelance workers in the Philippines—digital workers obtaining “gigs” from online labor platforms such as Upwork and Onlinejobs.ph—for social facilitation and collective organizing. The article first problematizes labor marginality in the context of online freelance platform workers situated in the middle of competing narratives of precarity and opportunity. We then examine unique forms of solidarity emerging from social media groups formed by these geographically spread digital workers. Drawing from participant observation in online freelance Facebook groups, as well as interviews and focus groups with 31 online freelance workers located in the cities of Manila, Cebu, and Davao, we found that online Filipino freelancers maintain active social interaction and exchange that can be construed as “entrepreneurial solidarities.” These solidarities are characterized by competing discourses of ambiguity, precarity, opportunity...

Mellor is an exceptional archaeological site. An Iron Age hlllfort on the fringes of the Pennines in Stockport, Greater Manchester, UK, only discovered in 1995,Its investigation has been the result of a partnership between the Mellor Archaeological Trust and the University of Manchester. Excavations have revealed many exciting discoveries, often in almost surreal situations, such as a deep defensive ditch hidden beneath an almost flat suburban lawn, a Bronze Age flint dagger, and Iron Age roundhouses. This volume brings together the first decade of research on the site, and places it firmly in its regional context as a type-site for Iron Age and Romano-British upland settlement in North West England and the north Midlands.

“Robert Park’s Marginal Man: The Career of a Concept in American Sociology,” in The Anthem Companion to Robert Park, ed. Peter Kivisto (New York: Anthem Press, 2017), 159–180.

An earlier version of this chapter appeared in Laboratorium, 2012, vol. 4, no. 2: 199– 217.

In this twenty-first century, Gender-study/Feminism has become the most glaring issue all over the world. The study on Gender and Sexuality is very common in all art forms, from cinema to text, from Taslima Nasrin’s Lajja to Ram Madhvi’s Neerja. In this paper, I would like to discuss feminism in the “Postcolonial” or “Post partition” paradigm when this issue has not been taken as large shape as it has been taken in our present era. During the colonial period, different kinds of colonial rules were often imposed by the colonizers on the native people. Post colonialism provides a platform for citizens to discuss various experiences endured during colonization. These may include: like migration, slavery, oppression, resistance, representation, difference, race, gender, place and responded to the influential discoursed of imperial Europe. Women has been dominated, oppressed and suppressed by the male counterpart in all the layers of our society and now it has been a vital issue to discuss in literary text. Anita Desai’s Fasting, Feasting undeniably highlights the social evils that have affected and still continue to affect the lives of many Indian women. The paper presents how the female protagonist in Desai’s Fasting, Feasting is subjected to gender discrimination and female marginalization. Through her role and character, the paper tries to bring into surface the hard realities related to female life in present India.

La narrativa cubana de la Revolución presenta hasta la década de los ochenta una marcada tendencia a silenciar la marginalidad. Sin embargo, los llamados Nuevos a partir de los años ochenta, y sobre todo los Novísimos en la década de los noventa, consiguen abrir nuevos espacios temáticos y desarrollar una poética de la marginalidad, que sitúa a personajes atípicos, periféricos, en el centro de la labor narrativa. El presente artículo parte de analizar en primer lugar el posicionamiento ideológico de la Revolución con respecto al concepto de marginalidad, para a continuación examinar ejemplos de la narrativa de cinco autores que desde diferentes perspectivas han reflexionado sobre la marginalidad en la primera década de este siglo: Guillermo Vidal, Pedro Juan Gutiérrez, Amir Valle, Lorenzo Lunar y Ronaldo Menéndez.

Approaches to Marginality in Early 21st Century Cuban Narrative Fiction: Revolutionary Cuba narrative fiction showed a clear tendency to avoid the topic of marginality until the 1980s. Since then, however, first the Nuevos, and then the Novísimos, have opened new thematic spaces and developed a poetics of marginality, in which atypical, peripheral characters appear in the centre of their texts. This article analyzes the ideological position of the Revolution in relation to the concept of marginality and then examines examples of the narrative fiction wrtitten by five authors who from different perspectives have reflected on marginality in the first decade of this century: Guillermo Vidal, Pedro Juan Gutiérrez, Amir Valle, Lorenzo Lunar and Ronaldo Menéndez.

Des années 1950 à aujourd’hui, les littératures camerounaises ont été prises en charge par différentes sphères de publication : de Paris à Ibadan, en passant par Londres, Limbe ou Yaoundé. Derrière ces espaces, des histoires de relations coloniales, économiques, littéraires ou encore de construction idéologique ont influencé le développement des corpus camerounais, faisant du Cameroun un lieu de haute pression éditoriale. Cet article propose une analyse des positions éditoriales camerounaises au cours des sept dernières décennies. Il s’agit d’y observer la marginalité comme constitutive du livre camerounais. Cette marginalité est alors tantôt subie et tantôt assumée comme une stratégie d’autonomie intellectuelle.

A paraitre : publication envisagée dans les Actes de la journée d'étude du GRIAD "Écritures émergentes et nouvelles marges au Cameroun", sous la direction de Pierre Fandio.

Programme : http://apela.hypotheses.org/759

The article examines the role of social media groups for online freelance workers in the Philippines—digital workers obtaining “gigs” from online labor platforms such as Upwork and Onlinejobs.ph—for social facilitation and collective organizing. The article first problematizes labor marginality in the context of online freelance platform workers situated in the middle of competing narratives of precarity and opportunity. We then examine unique forms of solidarity emerging from social media groups formed by these geographically spread digital workers. Drawing from participant observation in online freelance Facebook groups, as well as interviews and focus groups with 31 online freelance workers located in the cities of Manila, Cebu, and Davao, we found that online Filipino freelancers maintain active social interaction and exchange that can be construed as “entrepreneurial solidarities.” These solidarities are characterized by competing discourses of ambiguity, precarity, opportunity, and adaptation that are articulated and visualized through ambient socialities. While we argue that these entrepreneurial solidarities do not reflect a passive and simplistic acceptance of neoliberal discourses about digital labor by digital workers, the solidarities forged in these groups also work to undermine their resistive potential such that these tend to reinforce rather than impose pressure toward critical structural changes that can improve the viability of digital labor conditions.

1 Marginality-An Overview and Implications for Policy Joachim von Braun and Franz W. Gatzweiler Part 1 Concepts and Theory 2 Marginality-A Framework for Analyzing Causal Complexities of Poverty Franz W. Gatzweiler and Heike Baumuller 3 Exclusion and Initiatives to &quot;Include&quot;: Revisiting Basic Economics to Guide Development Practice Sajjad Zohir 4 Marginality from a Socio-ecological Perspective Daniel Callo-Concha, Jan Henning Sommer, Janina Kleemann, Franz W. Gatzweiler, and Manfred Denich Part 2 Dimensions and Prevalence of Marginality 5 Mapping Marginality Hotspots Valerie Graw and Christine Husmann 6 The Poorest: Who and Where They Are? Akhter U. Ahmed, Ruth Vargas Hill, and Farria Naeem 7 Targeting the Poorest and Most Vulnerable: Examples from Bangladesh Nusha Yamina Choudhury and Christa Rader 8 Correlates of Extreme Poverty in Rural Ethiopia Degnet Abebaw Ejigie and Assefa Admassie 9 Examining the Circle of Attachment, Trauma, Shame, and Marginalization: the Unheard ...

The comic albums of Tintin have attracted the readers of all ages since its first publication as a comic strip. But the series is meant for the audience of all age groups and they have more to offer than some mere adventures in pictures. One popular side of Tintin is his playing the role of the saviour of the people or the nations he visits during his adventures. The present essay intends to shade some critical light on the framing of his character as the saviour of the Others – the depiction of the Others, the changing situations, changing perspectives, the different flavours in his role of a saviour. It follows the trail of his journey from being the Boula Matiri to a human being.

Throughout history, vagrancy appears as one of the notions of the Human Condition. Its artistic and poetical representations are drawn from multiple sources and offer various models. The fantasy of vagrancy in French poetry in the second half of the Nineteenth Century is fashioned as much through the vagrant’s relationship with space as with Society. Its models spring from marginality and contestation. Spatial structure presents an opposition between « closed » and « open », « interior » and « exterior », and so forth... These separations fluctuate and interact mutually. The poet conjures, from any questing, marginal figure, his own image. The general tendency, from Hugo to Rimbaud, shows both a crushing of the poetical figure, transforming it into a magus or a prophet, and the proliferation of the accursed poet’s « negating anger ».

This is an ethno-historical study of a university theatre group, CITAC (Coimbra’s Academy Theatrical Initiation Circle), existent since 1956 in Coimbra, Portugal. It concerns the produced artistic objects and the relationship within the surrounding community, shaped as a mode of resistance, between life and art. The significance of how a theatre group’s experience echoes in personal life, producing “thinking bodies”, it suggests that dramatic play can have repercussions in personhood and in the construction of a community’s ethos, above all, in its political dimension.
By means of micro-historical perspective, we analyze the symbolic and political construction of identity before and after the democratic revolution, April 1974, by means of creative action made by CITAC members. In each historical context, CITAC produces a sense of marginality (experimenting new theatrical forms) radicalizing the process of emancipation, creating a new logic, a possible world, able to escape censorship, or the new democracy emergent disciplinary strategy. In that sense we see it constituting itself outside the power logic. In this regard, we explore the theatrical manifestations and the socio-political events that CITAC members became involved. It is argued that emancipation, as a practice of resistance, can happen by means of marginality without center.
I made ethnography to a theatre course to draw the path of a CITAC generation, in order to better understand how dramatic play may be involved in self transformation process.
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Estudo etno-histórico de um grupo de teatro universitário, o CITAC (Círculo de Iniciação Teatral da Academia de Coimbra) que existe desde 1956, em Coimbra, Portugal. A investigação debruça-se sobre os objectos artísticos e a relação com a comunidade circundante, configurada enquanto modo de resistência, entre a vida e a arte. A significância de como a experiência teatral em grupo ecoa na construção da identidade pessoal, produzindo “corpos pensantes”, sugere que o jogo dramático pode ter repercussões na construção da pessoa e na produção de um ethos de grupo, acima de tudo na sua dimensão política.
Através da micro-história, leva-nos a analisar a construção política e simbólica da identidade antes e depois da revolução democrática, em Abril de 1974, a partir da acção criativa que o CITAC e os seus membros concretizaram. Em cada contexto histórico, o CITAC produz um senso de marginalidade (experimentando novas formas teatrais) que radicaliza o processo de emancipação, ao criar uma lógica própria, um mundo possível, capaz de escapar à censura, ou à estratégia disciplinadora emergente na nova democracia, constituindo-se fora da lógica do poder. Em relação a isto, exploram-se as manifestações teatrais e sociopolíticas em que os elementos do CITAC se viram envolvidos. Argumenta-se que é por via de uma marginalidade sem centro que a emancipação, enquanto prática de resistência, pode acontecer. Através da etnografia a um curso de teatro traça-se, igualmente, o trajecto de uma geração do CITAC para melhor perceber o modo como o jogo dramático pode estar envolvido na transformação do self.

After decades of comparative neglect, there has recently been an increase of interest in the topic of consumption. Some sociologists have made strong claims for the new structural role of consumption practice as a central focus of everyday life, a focus in earlier times provided by occupation. In such a view lifestyle increasingly becomes a basis of social identity, displacing class as the central organizing principle of social life. Most Sociological accounts of consumption, until very recently, implicitly began from a set of materialist premises, considering consumption a matter of survival in the face of unequally distributed resources. The classical sociology of Marx, Weber and Simmel considered consumption a function of production, and consumption patterns a corollary of class position. Consumption was an expression of a central social hierarchy, inequalities of resource being turned into tools of class and status group struggle.

The French colony at Plaisance, Newfoundland (Canada)—occupied from 1662 to 1714—was France’s only official colony in Newfoundland. This was a fishing colony, in which colonists caught, processed and exported dried codfish to various European ports. Despite being the largest French settlement in Newfoundland, Plaisance has typically been regarded as a peripheral and insignificant outpost in the northern region of New France. In this historiographical tradition, the colony suffers in its remote, inhospitable environment; this contributed to the impoverishment of its residents, and rendered them utterly dependent on overseas trade for their survival. The detailed analysis of a previously-unstudied archival series reveals that this standard narrative exaggerates the situation. The Vieux Fort archaeological site (dating 1662-1690) provides a well-preserved archaeological context against which the standard historiography of the colony can be confronted.  Economic, social, and environmental marginality are relative concepts, and perceptions of Plaisance’s marginal status differ depending on the interpreter and the interpretation.

In September 2016, an international group of young scholars came together at the University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany, to discuss their research projects in the context of the workshop "Voices from the Margins: Societal Change and the Environment in Poetry." Not yet entirely expecting how turbulent the next few months would be in terms of poetry and protest, but very much aware of the increasing relevance of both fields and the hybrids they engender, we wanted to provide a platform to discuss poets who engage with social and environmental issues. The main focus here were poets who write from a position of marginality, be that geographically, socially, economicallyor on the basis of race, gender or sexual orientation.

Num país pobre e desigual como é o caso de Cabo Verde, onde os grupos dominantes apropriam-se e controlam os dispositivos produtores dos recursos, relegando os dominados para segundo plano, surge obviamente situações de exclusão e marginalidade. Sendo assim, uma parte significativa da população caboverdiana, como resposta, vê-se obrigada a buscar estratégias urgentes com vista à sua sobrevivência. A existência de uma forte economia informal, particularmente na cidade da Praia, faz com que algumas crianças e adolescentes em situação de rua vejam asseguradas a sua sobrevivência quotidiana, na medida em que esse sistema lhes possibilita a angariação de recursos que de outra forma dificilmente conseguiriam obter. Neste artigo pretende-se perceber as dinâmicas dessas crianças, sobretudo as chamados “crianças de rua" dentro e nas imediações dos principais mercados a cidade, assim como identificar as actividades económicas por elas desempenhadas e o seu papel no total funcionamento do sistema informal da Praia.

This is a book about prison, rehabilitation, cells, hallways, human psychology, values, conspiracy theory, justice, dysfunctions, "criminal minds", morality, and many more. The issues revealed in it are part of my work as educator in the biggest and most notorious prison in Rep. of Macedonia - Idrizovo.