Sociology Of Deviance

Recreational trespass or 'urban exploration' (UE) is the practice of researching, gaining access to and documenting forbidden, forgotten or otherwise off-limits places, including abandoned buildings , construction sites and infrastructure systems. Over the past two decades, a global subculture has coalesced around this activity. More recently, however, the practice has begun to transform along divergent lines. The aims of the present article are threefold: first, to bring UE and its emergent variants to the attention of a criminological audience; second, to interrogate increasingly spectacular visual representations of UE and attendant processes of commodification; and third, to introduce the rhizome as a way of thinking about urban social formations, their development and appropriation.

Long-distance commuting (also called fly-in/fly-out or FIFO) is a system of labour-force provision for industrial operations in remote regions; e. g., at oil and gas extraction sites in the Russian Arctic. Employees  commute on a rotational shift basis of 14 days in and 14 days out (14/14) or on a 30/30 roster. This chapter is based on longterm ethnographic research in the northwestern Siberian Arctic. The theoretical considerations relate to coping strategies for the two main constraints inherent to this way of life: the separation of meaningful social spheres (home and on duty) and the ascription of deviance to this lifestyle. People who cope well with this multilocal and mobile way of life pursue two strategies: (1) the conscious integration of space through the simultaneous connecting and separation of the spheres in order to constitute an integrated, enlarged and meaningful social and geographical space and (2) a flexible process of normalisation which turns the ascription of deviance into potential.

http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0156-09764

This chapter will: explore the social context in which ‘problem drug users’ and ‘inadequate parents’ are constructed; outline key issues and difficulties involved in working with problem drug users whose children are considered to be at risk of abuse or neglect; draw on research carried out with social workers, health visitors, drugs clinic workers and parents to examine the barriers of working together to assess children’s needs where parents misuse drugs; and  explore strategies for better partnership approaches.

Les contours de la sociologie de la déviance se sont dessinés aux EtatsUnis dans les années 60 grâce à l'essor d’études empiriques et d’une
perspective théorique s’étant affranchie de sa matrice initiale: la sociologie
des problèmes sociaux. Le développement de ce domaine de recherche s'est
non seulement accompagné d'une prolifération de manuels nord-américains
en tout genre, mais aussi de nombreuses critiques à l'égard de la cohérence
de son projet théorique (est-il possible de penser ensemble criminalité,
homosexualité, maladies mentales et musiciens de Jazz?). Dans le contexte
actuel, la mort de la sociologie de la déviance est régulièrement annoncée
en raison de la disparition supposée de son objet: l'application de nouvelles
politiques publiques prendrait désormais en compte les comportements
déviants d’autrefois (homosexualité, maladies mentales, prostitution…),
leur donnant même parfois raison (l’épisode du retrait de l’homosexualité
de la bible diagnostic de la psychiatrie américaine est ici paradigmatique)
en veillant à neutraliser les effets de stigmatisation à partir de désignation
politiquement correcte.… Si les ex-déviants obtiennent partout une
reconnaissance, alors elle n’existe plus nulle part en tant que telle. Ou bien,
hypothèse plus probable, s'est-elle au contraire renouvelée et sophistiquée?
Auquel cas, il est nécessaire d'élaborer un nouveau cadre théorique afin
d'ouvrir des pistes de recherches inédites.

Opportunities for deviant economic exploitation grew significantly in the second half of the twentieth century. Drawing from interviews with forty-seven fraudulent telemarketers, this article describes the backgrounds and pursuits of one type of deviant actor that has stepped forward to exploit these opportunities. The men and women interviewed for this research were reared in middle-class, disproportionately managerial and entrepreneurial families. Their class and family backgrounds provided them with high, but ill-defined, expectations for material success. Their preparation for successful conventional careers was unremarkable. As a result, they were predisposed to economic activities that required few credentials but provided a high income. Once involved in and aware of the deviant nature of their endeavors, continuation in fraud was facilitated by the income it produced and the lifestyle it permitted, by self-definitions enhanced by their manipulative abilities, and by acquisition and use of a vocabulary of motive that deflected blame. An augmented version of sociological strain theory provides an analytic vantage point from which to examine the backgrounds, aspirations, and perspectives of those involved in fraudulent telemarketing.

The term deviance is outlined in Tami Bereska’s book Deviance, Conformity, and Social Control in Canada (2018) as “a person, behaviour, or characteristic that is socially typed as deviant and subjected to measures of social control”. Deviance can be explained through various theoretical perspectives, but this paper will be examining deviance from the Functionalist Perspective; using Robert Agnew’s General Strain Theory to examine the March for Our Lives movement through a perspective of deviance.

Qualitative research provides opportunities to study bullying and peer harassment as social processes, interactions and meaning-making in the everyday context of particular settings. It offers the possibility of developing a deep understanding of the culture and group processes of bullying and the participants’ perspectives on peer harassment as well. It gives participants opportunities to discuss their own understanding and experiences of bullying in their own words. This article reviews qualitative studies on bullying or peer harassment in school (including some studies in which qualitative and quantitative methods — so-called mixed methods — have been used).

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Être criminel de profession, ce n’est pas facile tous les jours. Comment les malfaiteurs font-ils pour identifier les policiers infiltrés et éviter de s’associer à eux ? Et comment font-ils pour recruter des acolytes fiables, des truands qui ne risquent pas de les truander ?

Contemporary research into health treats diagnosis as a central step in illness management and trajectories. Most public health policies, especially in the case of Alzheimer’s disease, claim that the earlier a diagnosis is made, the better it is for patients and caregivers. Quantitative and qualitative analysis from our longitudinal interview study, conducted with 60 caregivers of persons diagnosed with dementia, shows that this usual model of diagnosis [symptoms → diagnosis → meaning and caregiving] should be nuanced. First, diagnosis does not follow increased symptoms, but occurs rather through a process involving the observability of patients’ troubles and their interpretation of said troubles as requiring medical assistance ‐the ‘trouble?observability?interpretation convergence.’ Second, diagnosis does not systematically trigger the mobilisation of a caregiving network: such mobilisation may follow the diagnosis, but it can also provoke it, temporarily prevent it, or have no immediate impact. These observations beg the question: To what extent does diagnosis matter? We conclude by questioning the centrality of diagnosis in the illness trajectories and its crucial role in the mobilisation of a caregiving network, that is often taken for granted, and propose to distinguish between ‘anticipation diagnosis’ and ‘emergency diagnosis’.

There has been a continuous attack on education, particularly alternative, progressive, democratic and liberatory forms of education that seek social justice and an equality of opportunity for all to develop.  In the UK this has led to an attack on educators as 'the enemies of promise' by the Secretary of State for Education.  However, what is being proposed by policy makers are the old 'know your station in life' strategies of managing inequality.  These have always resulted in a violation of the intelligence of people.

This exploratory study was conducted to inquire into the experiences of gay santeros – those who take care of religious statues or imahes that are used for Catholic religious activities. The study looked into the entry of the santeros to the practice of pagsasanto, their access to the imahe, their reasons for entering and maintaining the practice, and the benefits that they perceive to derive from it. Through conducting interviews with openly-gay santeros, it was found that early exposure to their religious family, school, and local community influenced them into entering the practice of pagsasanto. On access to the imahe, the participants were either owners of the imahe through purchase, donation or inheritance, or caretakers of the imahe through entrustment by their religious networks. On reasons for entering and maintaining the practice, it was found that such was conducted and maintained for egoistic reasons, self-expression, legacy, or spirituality. Lastly, it was found that ad...

Why do some mental illnesses emerge in certain times and places and later disappear? Because it integrates a wide array of social processes and relies on a strong epistemological position, Hacking's theory of ecological niches constitutes the most comprehensive and ambitious attempt to answer this question. However, this theory lacks a convincing definition of its research object ("transient mental illnesses"), a conceptualization of how individuals would "fall ill" as well as a solid methodological framework to form case studies. This article addresses these issues in order to propose an extended theory of ecological niches.

This study shows how labels anchored in unconscious bias can contribute to the gender institution. It draws on interviews with women leaders in Canadian for-profit organizations to illustrate how labels relate to unconscious bias towards women leaders, how labels delegitimize or legitimize women leaders, and how women leaders react to labels. Guided by these results, the study theorizes how the micro-level practice of labeling anchored in unconscious bias can uphold or disrupt gender categories and associated gendered social roles, thus shaping the gender institution.

Ripercorrendone in modo rigoroso le principali teorie e tematiche, il volume aggiorna il dibattito critico sul discorso socio-criminologico, colmando il vuoto esistente nel mercato editoriale italiano su prospettive e sviluppi contemporanei delle teorie sociologiche della devianza e del crimine e proponendosi come un utile strumento di formazione critica per gli studenti di scienze sociali, politiche e giuridiche. Il volume è articolato in due sezioni. La prima è dedicata alla ricognizione delle teorie e approfondisce le strategie di identificazione e di definizione della devianza e del
crimine all’interno dei diversi ambiti storici e intellettuali, con attenzione agli aspetti metodologici e agli sviluppi delle singole prospettive nei contesti contemporanei. La seconda, invece, intercetta ambiti e tematiche di attualità, approfondendo aspetti esplicativi e applicativi delle diverse prospettive e individuandone la spendibilità in termini di interventi e politiche. Il suo approccio del tutto originale rispetto ai manuali
esistenti fa del volume un importante strumento per chi voglia accostarsi allo studio sociologico delle devianze e del crimine nel mondo contemporaneo.

Celem artykułu jest wykazanie roli empatii i jej uwarunkowań w pracy resocjali-zacyjnej, realizowanej przez personel zakładów poprawczych i schronisk dla nielet-nich w Polsce. Empatia odgrywa ważną rolę zarówno w budowaniu więzi pomiędzy personelem a podopiecznymi, lecz także w przypadku konstruowania komunikatów, wzbudzania emocji oraz transformacji postaw. Działania kadry oparte na empatii wo-bec nieletnich inicjują także współodczuwanie po stronie tych ostatnich. Z drugiej strony empatia może nieść za sobą także konsekwencje pejoratywne, gdy personel stosuje ją wobec czynów karalnych popełnionych w przeszłości przez wychowanków. Zaprezentowane w artykule wnioski opierają się na siedmioletnich badaniach jako-ściowych prowadzonych w ośrodkach resocjalizacyjnych wszystkich typów w całej Polsce. W badaniach zastosowana została zasada triangulacji w zakresie metod, ba-dacza i danych. Do analizy zebranych materiałów empirycznych wykorzystany został nurt interpretatywny, który daje możliwość uchwycenia interakcyjnego charakteru działań empatycznych.

Homophobic violence can be considered as an expressive act. Violent behavior can be considered as anti-homosexual when victims are chosen because they are considered or perceived as homosexual.
Following this reasoning, hate crimes as homophobic crimes have a communicative value, since they represent a range of “masculinization” practices within the processes of gender socialization, both
in conventional and illegitimate social worlds. Every homophobic act aims to intimidate not just the victim, but the whole group associated with the, whether concretely or merely in the perception of the perpetrator. This chapter will take into account the main research on victimization from an international perspective; it will highlight how both the gender of the perpetrator and the cultural constructions of
masculinity(ies), in a heterosexist and hegemonic system, seem to play a fundamental role in producing homophobic and anti-homosexual behaviour

in A. Balloni - R. Sette (Eds), Handbook of Research on Trends and Issues in Crime Prevention, Rehabilitation, and Victim Support

DEVIANCE AND POLICE ORGANISATIONAL CULTURE IN SLOVENIA Authors: Emanuel Banutai, Jerneja Šifrer and Gorazd Meško ABSTRACT Purpose: The purpose of this article is to examine the correlation between police deviance and police organisational culture in ...

Face à l’augmentation du nombre de mules transportant de la cocaïne entre la Guyane et la Métropole, les acteurs de la prévention guyanais initient des actions en direction des jeunes. Dans ce contexte, une enquête menée à la fois auprès de professionnels en charge de ces actions et de jeunes de l’Ouest guyanais permet de confronter leurs perceptions et de faire apparaître le fort décalage entre les discours institutionnels et ceux des jeunes concernés. L’analyse des expériences des jeunes permet de déconstruire certaines prénotions portées par des acteurs institutionnels sur les trafiquants, les recruteurs et les mules elles-mêmes. L’étude1 permet ainsi de proposer des axes de préconisation pour de futures actions de prévention.

I processi di globalizzazione hanno finito col causare forme di convivenza reciprocamente escludentisi che generano una percezione sempre più forte della vulnerabilità collettiva.
La società postmoderna avverte il rischio sociale in relazione alla visibilità della minaccia, spesso presunta, cui è collegato: il “senza permesso di soggiorno”, il “senza fissa dimora” e il “senza lavoro” o, più in generale, il deviante, canalizza in un concreto tangibile tutte quelle forme di insicurezza relazionale derivanti dalla distorsione delle regole comunicative e dalla conseguente sospensione della fiducia intersoggettiva.
Questo volume descrive, in prima istanza, l’evoluzione dei concetti, delle categorie e degli idealtipi che hanno costituito e costituiscono la sociologia occidentale della “diversità deviante” – dall’uomo delinquente di Lombroso agli “scarti dell’umanità in esubero” di Bauman – con un utilizzo circostanziato delle fonti testuali calate, volta per volta, nel peculiare spaccato storico-culturale da cui traggono origine.
È, in secondo luogo, un atlante delle diversità, che delimitando i contorni dell’attuale cultura, “liquida” e “atlantica”, analizza le ragioni che fanno della devianza il prodotto di un processo di attribuzione di significato viziato a priori, e l’esito di un’interazione sbilanciata in cui il perdente, per la sua minorità economico-sociale e la sua estraneità culturale, è destinato come tale, fin dall’inizio, dalle stesse regole del gioco.

This art icle uses interview data to explore how 28 women diagnosed with chronic sexually transmit ted diseases (STDs) managed the impact of stigma on how they saw themselves as sexual beings. Constant comparat ive analysis reveals the ways in which they manage the stigmatized sexual health stat us of genit al herpes and human papillomavirus infections. Findings from this study indicate that the women engaged in a three-st age process of reconciling their spoiled sexual selves. First, the majority of them passed for healthy ; some covered by lying about what was happening to their bodies. Second, almost all used stigma transference to de ect the blame onto real and imaginary others. In the end, all of the women prevent ively or therapeut ically disclosed to intimate others. The data suggest , through a narrat ive model of the self, that the women viewed their sexual selves as ''damaged goods'' yet prevent ed the stigma from infecting their core self-narrat ives.

From 2008 to 2009, “herbivore men (sôshoku danshi or sôshoku-kei danshi in Japanese)” became a trendy, widely used term in Japanese. It flourished in all sorts of media, including TV, the Internet, newspapers and magazines, and could even occasionally be heard in everyday conversation. As it became more popular its original meaning was diversified, and people began to use it with a variety of different nuances. In December of 2009 it made the top ten list of nominees for the “Buzzword of the Year” contest sponsored by U-CAN. By 2010 it had become a standard noun, and right now, in 2011, people do not seem particularly interested in it. Buzzwords have a short lifespan, so there is a high probability that it will soon fall out of use. The fact remains, however, that the appearance of this term has radically changed the way people look at young men. It can perhaps even be described as an epochal event in the history of the male gender in Japan.

In the late 1980s illicit drug use became a major social problem in the UK. Since then policy and practice has largely been shaped by psychological and medical perspectives that emphasise the physiological and psychological nature of dependence. Concerned by the limited impact in reducing the number of problem drug users, in 2000 the Government shifted the emphasis away from voluntary treatment by the Health and Voluntary sector, towards coercive treatment, initially in the form of a Drug Treatment and Testing Order (DTTOs). The Drugs Interventions Programme (DIP), a £447m programme to ‘direct drug misusing offenders out of crime and into treatment’ (Home Office, 2004 p. 29) further illustrates and reinforces this shift. This article argues that this shift in approach is also likely to founder, as it continues to be dominated by a narrow focus on the individual and their drug dependence, and fails to adequately address the social context, nature and underlying causes of problem drug use.

Annoverato tra i classici della sociologia della devianza e, più complessivamen-te, della riflessione socio-criminologica contemporanea, Come si diventa devianti merita di ritornare a essere reperibile nel mercato editoriale a cinquant'anni dalla sua pubblicazione. Il testo, presen-tato in una versione aggiornata, ripropo-ne con inedita attualità la necessità di utilizzare un approccio naturalistico che tenga conto della prospettiva soggettiva dello stesso soggetto "deviante". Metten-do in discussione le teorie essenzialiste che guardano alle predisposizioni degli individui alla devianza e riflettendo cri-ticamente sugli approcci classici, David Matza pone le basi per una sociologia pubblica della devianza e del crimine e sottolinea l'importanza della reazione sociale come principale aspetto politico che determina il processo del divenire devianti. Anticipatore della riflessione fenomenologica e esistenzialista, così come delle prospettive che si rifanno alla criminologia culturale, Come si di-venta devianti rimane una lettura impre-scindibile per chi voglia comprendere i significati, le emozioni, le esperienze e i motivi sviluppati dal soggetto deviante inteso come agente attivo all'interno del processo di produzione della devianza. David Matza (1930-2018), è stato tra i maggiori sociologi e criminologi ameri-cani. Ha insegnato alla University of Ca-lifornia, Berkeley. "Lo sviluppo di una visione sociologica dei feno-meni di devianza implica[va], […], la sostituzione di una posizione correzionale con una consapevole valutazione o apprezzamento del soggetto devian-te, l'implicita epurazione di una concezione pato-logica ponendo un nuovo accento sulla diversità umana, e l'erosione di una semplice distinzione fra fenomeni devianti e convenzionali, risultante da una più intima conoscenza del mondo così com'è, a favore di una valutazione più profonda che ne sot-tolinea la complessità."

This article concerns alcohol use as it pertains to the construction of White masculinity through an analysis of students' accounts. Seventy-eight face-to-face interviews were conducted with volunteer female and male, African American, European American, heterosexual and homosexual students at a mid-sized university. Results suggest that the meaning of public drinking is to express a form of masculinity. In students' gendered descriptions of their own and peers' drinking behavior, alcohol use among White men was found to symbolize the embodiment of hegemonic masculinity. Masculinities were constructed via drinking stories, the body's ability to tolerate alcohol, and the relevance of drinking too little or not at all, which symbolized weakness, homosexuality, or femininity. Implications for social policy and future research are discussed.

Moderne Ansätze der Kriminologie rücken den Ort eines Verbrechens in den Fokus ihrer Untersuchung. Entsprechende kriminalpräventive Maßnahmen betreffen daher vor allem die Situation in der sich eine kriminelle Handlung ereignet. Primäre und Tertiäre Prävention, die bei potentiellen Tätern ansetzen, thematisieren diese kriminologischen Theorien hingegen nicht. Das Wissen über die Beziehung zwischen Raum und Kriminalität liefert neue Ansatzpunkte für die situative Kriminalprävention. Ersetzen kann sie täterorientierte Prävention allerdings nicht. Jede Deliktform bedarf einer spezifischen Form der Prävention.

Diese Arbeit tut drei Dinge: Erstens entwirft sie ein theoretisches Konzept wie man sowohl den städtischen Raum als auch Merkmale des Individuums in ein umfassendes Handlungskonzept einbeziehen kann (Teil A). Zweitens gibt sie einen Überblick über die verschiedenen Theorien der environmental criminology (Teil B) und drittens warden die Ergebnisse einer qualitativen und einer quantitativen kriminalgeografischen Untersuchung vorgestellt, die im Rahmen dieser Arbeit durchgeführt wurden (Teil C). Die Ergebnisse der empirischen Untersuchung zeigen, dass Ladendiebstahl anhand von Täterdispositionen allein nur unzureichend erklärt werden kann, während Gelegenheitsstrukturen des Raumes vor allem auf Jugendliche eine enorme Wirkung auszuüben scheinen. Eine gänzlich andere Wirkungsweise des städtischen Raumes auf kriminelles Verhalten existiert für den Diebstahl aus Kraftfahrzeugen: In der qualitativen Untersuchung zweier besonders deliktbelasteter Räume (hot spots) in der Stadt Trier zeigte sich, dass Raummerkmale, die die informelle soziale Kontrolle in bestimmten Settings unterbindet, dieses Delikt begünstigen. Diese Räume entfalten durch ihre bauliche Struktur kriminogenes Potential.

Manual de desviación y control social, enfocando los aspectos claves del delito y delincuencia en la sociedad contemporánea. Presenta los conceptos, teorías e investigación sobre el área. Sirve para realizar análisis del crimen y delincuencia. Es un texto innovador que discute las teorías criminológicas más modernas, las políticas de seguridad y prevención, las técnicas de análisis de desviación, valores de la población, y riesgos de victimización. Analiza el sistema penal, no sólo en su estructura, sino también en los actores principales, víctimas, y ofensores. Presenta instrumentos de evaluación penal. Las tablas incluyen datos comparativos, internacionales, en los que se sitúa a España con sus pautas peculiares de desviación y delito. El punto de vista es social (más que legalista), y crítico (discutiendo los progresos realizados en el mundo en estos temas), explicando lo que todavía queda por averiguar. El libro incluye además una bibliografía comentada.

First coined in 1973 to describe a pathological response on the part of individuals involved in kidnapping or hostage-taking situations, the label "Stockholm syndrome" has since been used in a much broader range of contexts including reference to wife battering and human trafficking, and in debates about gender and race politics as well as international relations. Tracing the domain expansion of Stockholm syndrome since the 1970s, we examine how the label offers claimsmakers a device for neutralizing the arguments of those with opposing points of view, and, in so doing, reinforces collective narratives and "formula stories" of victimization.