Marketing Research

To cite:
Wilkins, A. 2017. Rescaling the local: Multi-academy trusts, private monopoly and statecraft in England. Journal of Educational Administration and History, 49 (2), 171-185

For the past six years successive UK governments in England have introduced reforms intended to usher in less aggregated, top-down, bureaucratically overloaded models of service delivery as well as secure conditions for greater school autonomy.  Yet the ‘hollowing out’ of local government has not resulted in less bureaucracy on the ground or less regulation from above, nor has it diminished hierarchy as an organising principle of education governance.  In some cases, monopolies and monopolistic practices dominated by powerful bureaucracies and professional groups persist, albeit realised through the involvement of new actors and organisations from business and philanthropy.  In this paper I adopt a governmentality perspective to explore the political significance of large multi-academy trusts (MATs) – private sponsors contracted by central government to run publicly funded schools – to the generation of new scalar hierarchies and accountability infrastructures that assist in bringing the gaze of government to bear upon the actions of schools that are otherwise less visible under local government management.  On this account, it is argued, MATs are integral to statecraft and the invention and assemblage of particular apparatuses for intervening upon specific organisations, spaces and peoples.

As brands expand them in terms of customer portfolio, they have recognized their needs to be compatible with multicultural and multinational customer groups. In order to capture wider customer groups in different sectors, the companies have begun extension process by vertical and horizontal methods. Thus, this paper aimed to explain this process in terms of theories of categorization, regulatory focus and typical-based which were developed by previous scholars.

This two part paper discusses some of the stakeholder issues that affect Barrick Gold Corporation. It also provides a discussion on some of the internal marketing issues that the mining giant needs to be aware with a case study of its Lumwana outfit.

This volume has been prepared under the auspices of the project entitled, ‘Competition Reforms in Key Markets for Enhancing Social & Economic Welfare in Developing Countries’ (CREW Project). This project was implemented by CUTS in four countries: Ghana, India, Philippines and Zambia, and across two common sectors: Staple Food and Bus Transport with the support from DFID (UK) and BMZ (Germany) facilitated by GIZ (Germany). The aim of the project was to highlight the relevance of competition reforms for social and economic welfare in developing countries, and motivate other countries, governments and development partners to accord greater attention to the subject of competition reforms. In view of this overall aim of the project, with inputs from the project advisers CUTS designed the final conference of the CREW project on a broader theme to talk about ‘Relevance of Competition & Regulatory Reforms in Pursuing Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Developing Countries’. The theme was thought to be both contemporary and relevant in view of the adoption of the SDGs a couple of months before this final conference. In addition to the support it received from DFID (UK), BMZ (Germany) and GIZ (Germany), the conference also received support from the World Bank, G-77 Secretariat and the OECD. CUTS is grateful to all the above organisations for supporting the conference, and indeed also the production of this volume. We acknowledge the support from the members of the Project Advisory Committee of the CREW project, who contributed to make this conference a grand success. Special thanks to Clement Onyango and colleagues at CUTS Nairobi for their support and tireless efforts in the run-up and during the conference. We gratefully acknowledge the hard work and patience of all the paper authors for contributing extremely interesting individual chapters to this volume. We are also thankful to those friends of CUTS who reviewed the draft papers – Eleanor Fox, Tania Begazo/Martha Licetti (World Bank), Rafaelita Aldaba, R S Khemani, Frederic Jenny, Payal Malik, Allan Fels, David Ong’olo, Ashwini Swain, Peter Holmes and John Davies/Lynn Robertson (OECD). We are indebted to Mukhisa Kituyi, Secretary General, UNCTAD for writing an encouraging Foreword – and we hope to continue to receive his and UNCTAD’s support. We greatly appreciate the diligence of Madhuri Vasnani and Garima Shrivastava for editing and Mukesh Tyagi for preparing the layout of this report. Special thanks are due to Ashutosh Soni for his excellent coordination of communication with authors and reviewers of papers of this volume. We acknowledge the efforts of all the members of the CREW team, especially Cornelius Dube, Shreya Kaushik and Neha Tomar. Last but not the least, this report would not have seen the light of the day without the skillful direction, and overall guidance of Pradeep S Mehta, Secretary General, CUTS. He took special interest in this volume and went through each and every paper carefully himself. Words alone cannot convey our sincere gratitude to each and every individual who have contributed in every small way towards bringing out this volume. But it is only words that this world thrives on. We express our sincere gratefulness to all such individuals, without whom the publication of this volume would not have been possible.

Benefits of customer loyalty scheme and brand loyalty programmes of Accor Hotels: A case study based on Mercure London City Bankside Hotel.

The research on the subject of customer loyalty in the hotel industry and fostering such loyalty through a multi-brand loyalty programme by Accor group of hotel evaluates the concepts relating to behavioural and attitudinal loyalty. It was found that loyalty programs not only reward the customers for repeat purchase behaviour, but also has an important strategic role in collecting the information about the customers. The various viewpoints relating to the implementation of loyalty programs, design of reward schemes and the utilisation of information collected from the customer are discussed. In the case of Accor hotels, there are several brands with differentiated service offerings and the reward scheme is an integrated one. The Accor hotels reward scheme provides points to the customers for staying in the participating hotels/brands such as Sofitel, Pullman, MGallery, Grand Mercure, Novotel, Suite Novotel, Mercure, Adagio, Ibis and Spa.
Through convenience sampling method two managers and four junior managers in the marketing department were interviewed. From the research, and mostly through the interview data it was found that the customers are able to accrue the points for their stay and spend at the hotel, and redeem their loyalty benefits at more than 2500 participating hotels from the lower end Ibis (budget hotel) to the upper end luxury Sofitel and Pullman hotels. The customers are able to exchange these reward points at various points of sale such as at the airports, taxis and related travel services. All the redemptions are targeted at the travelling customer and their needs and hence travelling customers are benefitted. The loyalty programme is also inducing the customer to spend more as the rewards collected can be redeemed against the services of the different hotel properties.
Since there is collaboration between travel and hospitality organisations, Accor hotel is benefitting significantly. It is clear that with the entire organisation the Mercure Hotel is also benefitting from the multi-brand loyalty scheme. The customers at the bottom of the pyramid in the brand structure of Accor group would be moving upwards and there are a considerable number of properties under the lower mid-scale and lowest scale such as the Ibis. The recommendations is to target and capture restaurant customers with the help of direct sales approach from the waiters and customer facing employees in the restaurant to become member in the loyalty programme. The customer-facing employee’s right from the lobby to the restaurant should be provided training to give special service to such repeat customers.

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Airbnb’s remarkable growth is applauded, but there is certainly room for expansion in the Korean market. In this study, the authors conducted a background analysis of Airbnb, studying the strengths and weaknesses of the firm and devising strategies for further success in Korea.
In regards to price, the authors decided the price strategy currently held is applicable in Korea as well. There is no need for change in that aspect. The authors did observe the need for a premium service centered on business travelers, those who travel most frequently. The premium service would have an annual fee, but it would provide benefits to customers in the form of additional services and exclusive deals.
Brand awareness is relatively low in South Korea. To inform the Korean audience, who are potential guests and hosts, there is the need to adopt widely used Korea online platforms, including Kakaotalk and Naver. Not only does this widen Airbnb’s footing in the market, but it also establishes new ground for which promotions can take place.
Airbnb stands at an advantage due to the ubiquity of Internet and mobile phone users in a highly technologized country. Numerous network platforms are ready to accept Airbnb’s entrance into its user base, and upon entrance, Airbnb will already be ahead of competitors in claiming South Korea’s market for room accommodations.

This article analyzes how mass-market cruise lines mobilize food, laborers, and built environments to offer passengers cosmopolitanism with the purpose of maintaining a unique business model. It is argued that while companies target a growing demand for culturally immersive dining experiences, they do not seek to offer complete immersion in any one culture but cosmopolitanism through a combination of multiple themed establishments on a mobile platform. Culinary themes are installed using labor and built environments, for instance through the placement of visual and material culture in eateries. While some onboard dining experiences are themed around the cultures of nations on the ship’s itinerary, many evoke international cultures. In studying how mass-market cruise lines as mobile spaces of containment combine both international and localized dining experiences to offer the “world on a ship,” scholars of tourism can better understand how touristic companies produce cosmopolitanism at destinations.

The focus of this paper is to apply sensory branding to the case of Lego. Henceforth, the thesis question for my paper is the following: To what extent does Lego use sensory branding and what should the company do in the future in terms of utilizing sensory branding?

The reason for choosing this topic is first of all, that I myself grew up with Lego and as so many in my age range intuitively understand the sensory characteristics of the touch and look of the Lego brand. Second of all I chose this topic because Lego seems to be applying sensory branding only in a limited sense.

This is interesting first of all, because it indicates, that there is room for improvement in Lego’s overall branding strategy. Second of all, it is interesting because according to fellow Danish marketing guru Martin Lindstrom, the future belongs to companies who fully adopt sensory branding. This is particularly relevant for Lego considering they are in an industry where function is relatively easily copied. Therefore, if Lego does not improve its sensory branding efforts, the company risks being overtaken by competitors applying a more holistic sensory branding strategy.

Research alignment is a relatively new concept with dissertations and research projects. Most researchers and dissertation chairs are not familiar with it. To achieve research alignment is very important and must be taught to novice and experienced researchers. The purpose of this article to discuss and illustrate how to achieve research alignment in studies. This article will provide a model and template for developing research alignment in a study. As basis for a research study, it is important the researcher and doctoral student understand the concept of alignment and know how to achieve it. First, this article discusses the definition of alignment. Second, it provides two models for developing alignment. Last, the article provides examples of research alignment with studies to illustrate it.

Abstract
Purpose – To examine the impact of relationship marketing strategy on customer loyalty.
Design/methodology/approach – A questionnaire derived from previous studies and the relevant
literature was completed by 220 bank customers in Malaysia. Multiple regression analysis assessed
the impact on customer loyalty of four key constructs of relationship marketing (trust, commitment,
communication and conflict handling).
Findings – The four variables have a significant effect and predict a good proportion of the variance
in customer loyalty. Moreover, they are significantly related to one another.
Research limitations/implications – The relationships investigated in this study deserve further
research. Because the data analysed were collected from one sector of the service industry in one
country, more studies are required before general conclusions can be drawn.
Practical implications – It is reasonable to conclude, on this evidence, that customer loyalty can be
created, reinforced and retained by marketing plans aimed at building trust, demonstrating
commitment to service, communicating with customers in a timely, reliable and proactive fashion, and
handling conflict efficiently.
Originality/value – Reinforces and refines the body of knowledge relating to customer loyalty in
service industries.
Keywords Relationship marketing, Customer loyalty, Banks, Malaysia
Paper type Research paper

Quality of life (QOL) has become a central issue of concern in peoples’ lives and the research on this topic has largely increased in the past decades. However, some studies on QOL only adopted objective indicators and QOL research is still very scarce in some fields of study such as tourism. Additionally, in tourism, the majority of the studies on QOL focus on assessing the QOL of residents of destinations and neglect segmentation based on QOL as a tool for market segmentation.
The aim of this study is to overcome some previously referred to limitations and, specifically: (i) to measure visitors’ perceptions of tourism impact on their QOL by adopting subjective indicators; and (ii) to segment visitors based on perceptions of tourism impact on their QOL.
Study results reveal that tourism is likely to have a more positive impact on the psychological and social domains of QOL and that QOL is a good basis for segmenting the tourism market. Visitors perceiving more positive tourism impacts in their QOL differ from others on several features such as motivations to travel, travel group, interaction with local residents and satisfaction with the trip.

This dissertation analyzes the postfeminist tendencies and biopolitics in contemporary media practices by considering the pop culture exemplar, the Kardashian-Jenner family.

This dissertation received First Class Honors from Trinity College Dublin.
Vanessa graduated with Distinction in B.A. English Literature and Media Studies.

This case study examines Zara’s current retail strategy and digital transformation. It details Zara’s current in-store and eCommerce retail strategy, the impact of digital on the retail environment and customer experience, and the growth opportunity provided by eCommerce. By providing a competitive analysis of the current market, this paper presents key opportunities, strategic questions, and possible solutions for retail brands to improve their digital strategy.

This paper received First Class Honors in the Digital Marketing Strategy course at Trinity Business School.

Kitap, temel dijital pazarlama kavramları ve remarketing (yeniden pazarlama) konusunda bilgi sahibi olmak ya da mevcut bilgilerini gözden geçirmek isteyen fakat yabancı dil bilgisi yeterli olmayan dijital pazarlama uzmanlarına ve bu konuda uzmanlaşmak isteyenlere yardımcı olacak şekilde hazırlanmıştır.

Kitap aynı zamanda dijital pazarlamada sıklıkla tercih edilen remarketing hedeflemesi (yeniden pazarlama) ile yapılan reklam kampanyalarının etkinliğini ölçmeyi içermektedir. Sürekli olarak daha önce inceledikleri ürünün reklamı¬na maruz kalan tüketicilerin marka ve ürün algılarında var olan değişimler ve buna bağlı olarak verimli bir remarketing kampanyası yapabilmek için dikkat edilmesi gereken hususlar ele alınmaktadır.

Kitap özellikle dijital pazarlama ve e-ticaret alanında uzmanlaşmak isteyen, dijital reklamcılığa yeni başlayan ve çeşitli hedefleme yöntemleri ile satış artırmak isteyen çalışanların verimli kampanya yapabilmek ve bunu ölçebilmek adına yol göstericisi olacaktır.

As Edgar Degas said: “Art is not what you see, but what you make others see”. It means that the more you can transform your view of art from abstract things into physical things, the larger the enhancement for people who appreciated these. Took this quote as one of the favourite quotes to explain their business philosophy, Chula, a fashion brand which founded by a Spanish couple, Laura Fontan and Diego Cortizas, has already had their own market share and potential customers to develop and success in the Vietnamese fashion market.
Even so, the Spanish owners decided to take the opportunity to expand their business into other markets. As a marketing consultant for Chula, this paper takes Mexico City as a new potential market for Chula to further their business in the foreign market. This paper will analyse and evaluate the market of Mexico City bases on Segmentation, Targeting, and Position as well as some considerations of brand which Chula could apply for open business in the new market, besides that, recommending a marketing strategy which company could use to build up their branch in Mexico City.

This Paper explores and summarises the Director's Duties of the UK Companies Act 2006 with emphasis on "the duty to promote the success of the company.

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Being the world’s third largest manufacturer and retailer of private label apparel that offers high-quality and reasonably priced clothing, Uniqlo is preparing to increase its presence in the Southeast Asian and Oceania market. The company has a goal of doubling its stores to around 400 stores by 2022 (Inside Retail Asia, 2017). After successfully opening stores in several countries in Southeast Asia, Uniqlo’s next move is to penetrate Vietnam’s retail market by 2019, since Vietnam’s economic outlook proves to be a viable choice for Uniqlo to invest in. Vietnam is chosen as the target market because of its good relationship with Japan; one of its biggest investors, high density of population, stable political condition, and inexpensive labor but good quality production. Moreover, in the recent years, Vietnam’s economy has increased significantly, which resulted in the increase of customer’s demand, especially for the fashion industry.

Our main marketing objective is to open two first retail stores in Ho Chi Minh and Hanoi, two big cities in Vietnam. Our main target customers are the middle income class, mainly the young generation. Currently there are four main competitors in the market. For local brands, there are Canifa and Viettien, and for global brands, there are Zara and H&M. Based on the perceptual map, Uniqlo is currently the leader of the functional casual clothing brand, with price as affordable as the local brands. Our marketing strategy is based on the marketing mix, which includes product, price, place, and promotion. We will differentiate our products by providing functional products for different uses and special designs tailored for Vietnam customers, introducing our special service in the stores, and establishing online store with direct shipping to customer’s location. We will use three strategy methods for the affordable pricing; first, targeting price resulted from our economy of scale from our factories and suppliers in Vietnam and from experience curve; second, reducing total supply chain cost; and third; mark-up pricing. For the place strategy, we are planning to open our stores at Vincom Mall, Hanoi, and Saigon Center, Ho Chi Minh. We will also launch a bilingual online store with the English and Vietnamese languages. We are planning to do our promotion by advertising in media like TV, radio, magazine, and billboards; distributing discount coupons; doing digital advertising like search engine optimization and social media marketing; and collaborating with other brands.

With the 15% revenue growth each year, we estimated that we will reach break-even point and net income in our second year of operation. Our marketing budget is estimated to $3,696,250 and will be realized in the 3 years, with marketing programs focused on promotional coupons, search engine advertising, billboards, brand ambassador, magazine and newspaper advertising, television and radio, flyers and posters, website, and others. We also developed contingency plans to mitigate any risk during the execution of the marketing plan within limited budget, time, and available resources.

Marketing choices are crucial components of a strategic marketing process. At this stage of planning, decisions are made in order to indicate the direction of the marketing mix not to mention the way products are going to be perceived in the market place. These marketing choises group consumers together based on common needs with the ultimate goal to affect the buying decisions of the target customers for these products, which stands for segmenting, targeting and positioning strategy.  In other words, STP is a marketing signification that associates the way to evaluate and choose a target market for specific product or service. Considering the factors related to this topic, the question of what specific consequences arise when addressing this topic must be elaborated. This research is particularly outstanding for the reader because it will analyze the STP strategy of a well-known company that produces sports equipment, which is Nike.

The following is an analysis of the IKEA case study found in the Strategic Management Text book. This analyses the strategies used by IKEA to gain competitive advantage in markets outside its original area. The report begins by providing a background into IKEA. It studies International Business Level Strategy and the three international corporate level strategies.

Despite the fact that brand awareness is good and an intelligent way to help increase the purchasing of good and services, it is underutilized and relatively unknown among many business developers and persons, especially Melcom. This study therefore sought to explore the impact of brand awareness on customer loyalty: a case study of Melcom-Agona Swedru. A qualitative research design guided this study and the interviewing method of data collection was used in extracting information from the respondents. The respondents of this study were both staff and customers of Melcom. A simple random sampling was used in selecting 27 respondents for the study. The researcher analyzed the data using STATA and Microsoft Office. An informed consent was sought from the respondents and all ethical issues were adhered to. From the study, 15(55.6%) were males and 12 (44.4.0%) were females. The researcher divided the ages of the respondents into groups of four age differences per the outcome of the interview starting from age of 15-19years and ended at ages of 40-44. Of these groups, the table shows that, the majority of the respondents 10 (37%) were in the ages of 35-39years and also few, 3.7% (1 person) each was in the age group of 20-24 and 40-44 years. The third socio-demographic variable from the table (level of education) reports that, 14 (51.9%) respondents had Senior High School as their highest level of education, while few of the respondent, 5(18.5%) have ever had tertiary education. Also, among the 27 respondents, 92.6% (25 respondents) were Christians while the remaining 7.4% (2 respondents) were Muslims. The researcher recommended that the Government should endeavor to initiate ventures (workshop centers, business branding awareness joints) for businesses in Agona Swedru in order for them to meet some of their societal and educational obligations in the society. There is a need for policy makers (the Ghana Revenue Authority, the Media and Business Management Team for instance) to increase information and awareness of businesses through outreach programmes Agona Swedru. It is recommended that, the studies should be conducted in other part of the country to help identify more questionable problems relating to brand awareness and communication related issues.

Scholars called for detailed studies that customer relationship management viewed as the main factor affecting customer loyalty beside the mediating effect of creating values and customer satisfaction on the relationship between customer relationship management and customer loyalty. Consequently, this paper presents a detailed literature review of final-results and discussion of previous research to review the associations among customer relationship management, creating values, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty. This paper could serve as a useful beginning point for private and public institutions and to be more supportive to upgrade the strategies and systems to get, keep and grow more customers in such institutions.

In the age of technology where everything is rapidly evolving, marketing goes into a more competitive environment than ever before. The Internet, globalization and digitization contribute to the markets. On the one hand, burst of information stems from all sides where potential customers have limited time to investigate and consider their purchasing decisions. On the other hand, supply of products is higher than demand, leading to oversaturated markets.  The only certainty is that a well-structured marketing plan based on a solid marketing strategy is the foundation of a business plan, which constitutes the mean to reach the marketing goals and achieve the objectives (Slack, 2015). Specifically, it indicates the cornerstone for the actions that should be followed in order to display the product or service to potential and existing customers, thus its analysis is an issue which causes a great deal of debate. Considering the factors related to this topic, the question of what specific consequences arise when addressing this thesis must be elaborated. This research is particularly outstanding for the reader because it will describe the 4Ps of a well-known company, which is Coca-Cola, not to mention it will focus on how marketing environment factors of SWOT analysis affect its 4Ps. The aim of this specific report is to demonstrate the significance of micro and macro environment analyses where companies could apply the resources in the most effective way in order to further improve targeted marketing strategies and broaden selling capabilities.

A marketing plan may be part of an overall business plan. Solid marketing strategy is the foundation of a well-written marketing plan. While a marketing plan contains a list of actions, a marketing plan without a sound strategic foundation is of little use to a business.

Internet and social networking have become a part of people's daily lives all around the world. Social media has inspired the people by providing tremendous benefits to ease their day to day activities. People in the world use at least one form of social media. Among them, youngers (age range 20-29) is more attracted towards the social media and spend more time on social media sites. Generation Y is more familiar with internet and social networking and represent the highest social media usage in Sri Lanka. The present study investigates the influence of informativeness, interactivity, entertainment and credibility of social media advertising on purchase intention. This descriptive study was conducted using 384 respondents from Kurunegala district, representing generation using convenience sampling and data was collected through questionnaires. Cronbach alpha values for all the variables were more than 0.7 therefore, there's a higher internal consistency of research and the questionnaire. Based on the correlation analysis, it indicates that there is a higher positive association between the variables. Base on the regression the present study found that there is significant positive impact of those four factors on purchase intention of Generation Y in Kurunegala District. Therefore, the researcher recommends corporations to utilize four types of social media platforms which are Facebook, Instagram, YouTube and LinkedIn for enhancing purchase intentions, as social media advertising is more effective for the organization which sell, and manufacturing goods and services mostly consumed by young men and women because majority of the social media users tend to be younger.

Значні можливості, широкий вибір та насичення ринку товарами та послугами ускладнює прийняття споживачами рішення про купівлю тих чи інших товарів. Відчуваючи велику конкуренцію, значна частина сучасних компаній активно використовує найрізноманітніші підходи та методи маркетингу. Часто споживачі покладаються не на раціональні чинники, а на власні підсвідомі мотивації, викликані маркетинговими стимулами. Тому компанії приділяють значну увагу дослідженням поведінки та смаків споживачів, щоб наблизити кінцевого споживача до товару, переконавши його в необхідності споживання. Більшість вітчизняних компаній продовжують використовувати інструменти класичного маркетингу, незважаючи на появу інноваційних методів просування. Традиційні маркетингові дослідження дають результати, що можуть бути неефективними та значно відрізнятися від реальності, тому компанії починають шукати альтернативні способи вивчення поведінки споживачів. Одним із сучасних напрямів дослідження поведінки споживачів є нейромаркетинг, методи якого загострюють проблему етики нейронауки. Мета цієї статті – проаналізувати можливості інструментів нейромаркетингу для вивчення поведінки споживачів та визначити етичні аспекти використання нейромаркетингу в сучасних ринкових умовах. Ця мета передбачає виконання таких завдань: 1) розкрити актуальність використання нейромаркетингу; 2) визначити поняття нейромаркетингу та визначити його види; 3) порівняти традиційні маркетингові дослідження та нейромаркетинг; 4) визначити поняття нейроетика; 5) визначити проблеми нейроетики в маркетингу; 6) з’ясувати роль етичного кодексу на прикладі Кодексу етики NMSBA; 7) запропонувати рішення етичних проблем нейромаркетингу.

Було виявлено, що нейромаркетинг є перспективним маркетинговим інструментом, оскільки він надає нову інформацію, яку неможливо отримати за допомогою традиційних маркетингових досліджень. Він використовує нейробіологію для виявлення підсвідомих процесів прийняття рішень споживачами та розуміння справжніх стимулів їхньої поведінки. Нейромаркетологи проводять дослідження, щоб визначити дії споживачів, які відбуваються під впливом їх почуттів, думок, підсвідомих процесів. Тому нейромаркетинг дає змогу збільшити цінність продукції для споживачів та суспільства за умови спрощення відносин між споживачами та товарами. На відміну від традиційних маркетингових досліджень, нейромаркетингові дослідження дозволяють отримати результати з меншими відхиленнями від реальності завдяки здатності вивчати підсвідомі процеси у споживачів. Дослідження мозку в медичних та комерційних цілях передбачає необхідність вивчення етичних, правових та соціальних питань та наслідків, що можуть виникнути в процесі дослідження. Ці питання вивчає наука під назвою нейроетика. Найпоширеніші етичні проблеми нейромаркетингу – це автономія, усвідомлена згода, конфіденційність споживачів та конфіденційність. Але якщо дотримуватися правил етичного кодексу, використання цих засобів може бути більш ефективним.

Organic agriculture is an area in full process of development and the market for organic products is increasing rapidly in recent years, both worldwide and in Romania. However, there is limited research that are scientifically fundamented with regard to the Romanian market. Starting from this premise, we conducted a study that aims getting an overview about the level of knowledge that the Romanian consumers have about organic products. The study has three main objectives. They refer to the way how the Romanian consumers evaluate their knowledge about organic products and the objective level of information that consumers in Romania have on organic products. In addition, we proposed to find out what is an organic product for the Romanian consumer or, more precisely, how does the Romanian consumer define the organic products. The results of the research are nationally representative for the urban population.

http://www.researchmoz.us/suncare-uk-december-2013-report.html

The rise in the population of the eldest demographics poses challenges as well as opportunities, as although the over-55s are the most knowledgeable when it comes to the dangers of the sun, they are least likely to use sun protection and self-tanning products. However, as they continue to seek tans and the rate of malignant melanoma rises in this group, this offers opportunities both for the sun protection and self-tanning segments.

Three existing areas of research activity are addressed: (1) the local gendering of entrepreneurship; (2) gendered relationship between institutions and resource mobilization in place; and (3) gendered spaces of engagement. Looking through the lens of geography, a case study involving interview data from loan officers in Worcester, Massachusetts in the US are used to examine how financial institutions and the perceptions of loan officers create differential access to financial resources for women entrepreneurs. The paper finds that loan officers localize the interconnections between lending rules and institutional structure to collectively inform a landscape of resource availability for women starting businesses. The paper confirms the notion that lending is gendered but the effects of this are spatially variable, which has implications for industry standard advice regarding the best lenders for business owners.

The globalization has brought many things, in particular it allowed local markets to be really opened to the world. The borders between countries are not a problem anymore, especially in case of international trade and marketing. Therefore a product, which has been produced in one country, easily can be seen abroad, in ordinary shops and supermarkets. Trade capacity between Turkey and Poland has been increasing regularly as from 2000. The main products which has been exported from Turkey to Poland are for example cars, LCD monitors, unshelled hazelnuts, and washing machines. Recently, some companies like an Atateks-Morera, Beko, DSD Foreing Trade, Evita Textile-BGN, and the others, have established firms (branches) in Poland and they are launching own brands. The purpose of this article is to determine which of the Turkish products are present in the stores in the West Pomeranian Voivodship in Poland. Then, by analyzing marketing activities, the basis of their success on the market will be determined. We are of the opinion (out thesis) that Turkish products are gaining clients because of their good quality on the one hand, and non-originating brand on the other. And our first results show that indeed the success depends on the strategy of separating from the country image, and of delivering good quality products. The methodology used in the work includes: analysis of secondary data (trade statistics), searching for Turkish brands being present in stores in Poland, and observation of marketing activities of selected companies on Polish market.