Media Discourse

Culture has been traditionally seen as the by-product of a particular society in a clearly defined territory (Yengoyan 1986). However, the elusive concept of culture, seen as both a merging and dichotomising force, has been called into question due to the increasing entanglement of contemporary societies (Welsch 1999). Indeed, territories can no longer be seen as containing cultures, since people move with their meanings, and meanings find ways of travelling and flourishing even when people stay in their territories (Hannerz 1996). The increasing development of communications systems (Hepp 2009) and economic interdependencies and dependencies plays an important role in challenging the traditional view of culture. Thus, the concept of transculturality can better characterise contemporary cultures and their ability to move beyond material and immaterial borders.
One of the ways through which cultural-specific phenomena cross borders and find a new life in a different environment is represented by forms of hybridisation (Bhatia 2004), seen as vehicles which can help popularise given genres. The hybridisation of broadcast news, for instance, has produced forms of docu-fictions, which can be placed in the blurred generic area of story-telling and news reporting, mixing together facts and fictions (Baym 2009). However, as vessels, these narrative hybrid forms bring together with them cultural-specific elements, which are difficult to re-enact in a new context. This is the case, for instance, of the TV series Gomorrah, which is based on the Italian novel Gomorra written in 2006 by the Neapolitan author Roberto Saviano.
As Saviano has repeatedly underlined (Caliendo 2012), most of the news stories linked to the Neapolitan Mafia, known as Camorra, stay local and remain largely unknown to most Italians. Further, as Cavaliere (2010) states, international books and movies generally focus on the Sicilian Mafia, while little has been written about the Camorra. Saviano’s exposé, first, and its popularised adaptations have shed light on the criminal activities of the Camorra and, while some elements of fiction are undeniably present in both the book and its adaptations, they succeeded in raising awareness on the problems linked to the Neapolitan context, something that journalism has failed to highlight from a national and an international point of view.
In order to achieve this, from a national point of view, the TV series, for instance, premiered in Italy with Italian subtitles, since the language of Gomorrah – The Series (from now on referred to as GTS) is a mix of both Italian and Neapolitan dialogues. While representing a third step in the translation of the original script, the UK subtitles of the TV series, on the other hand, have helped draw attention to the criminal activities plaguing Naples’ hinterland from an international point of view. However, since translation is central in the process of identity formation (Gentzler 2008), the aim of this contribution is to focus on the transcultural reception of the series. In particular, based on the concept of translation repercussion (Chesterman 2007), the proposed analysis will firstly focus on a particular aspect of the TV series, that is, how the producers of the series have created their target audience in the Italian and English versions of the DVD blurbs. Based on the work of Bednarek (2010, 2014), this preliminary analysis of the TV series will help us see how this specific type of advertising discourse construes its target audience. Since these texts “must take care to engage with what can be a diverse audience in an appropriate way” (Baker 2006: 50) by, for instance, “deciding what aspects [...] are foregrounded (or backgrounded) and what assumptions are made about the interests and lifestyles of the target audience” (Baker 2006: 50), the analysis of DVD blurbs can help us better understand what values are specifically constructed in discourse, thus, highlighting the type of universe that producers want to create when addressing their target audience. Additionally, since this type of persuasive discourse will eventually result in a financial exchange, language plays a fundamental role in the representation of the TV series as a whole and, thus, how it should be interpreted by its viewers.
The second part of our investigation will focus on how the main characters linguistically construct themselves in the context of the Italian and English subtitles of the TV series. We have decided to focus specifically on the subtitles of the TV series since, in the English adaptation, GTS was not dubbed and, thus, in order to make the comparison between the original and its re-adaptation more productive, we have decided to avoid taking under consideration also the original script of the TV series, since this would have insulated given differences that were not strictly linked to the translation process but due to the different media. The analysis was carried out thanks to corpus linguistic methodologies and these have allowed us to see how the “individual linguistic thumbprint” (Culpeper 2014: 166) of each character in the source text was construed in the target text. As we will see, given characteristics of specific characters seem to be stereotyped in the target text, while others seem to highlight given peculiarities in the target texts that were not particularly underlined in the source texts, thus, offering the audience new personas in the translation of the original text.

This study explores the ideologization of media discourse in the Middle East through investigating political influences over leading media corporations in the region. A critical discourse analysis was applied to news reports issued by prominent Middle Eastern media giants Al Jazeera and Al Arabiya. The research data included eight news articles from both media outlets. Thus, four articles from each corporation have been studied and analyzed in an effort to realize the objectives of the study at hand. Blass’s Manipulative Strategies… and van Dijk’s Ideological Square… consti- tuted primary methodological instruments within the framework of this research. The findings indicate an explicit impact of local political agendas on the discourse and editorial policies of each of the studied media corporations, which emerge in violation with the claimed journalistic commitment to objectivity and impartiality in terms of news reporting.

Although Paris ambitions to become the bicycle capital of the world by 2020, cycling represents a tiny share of its traffic, far behind Copenhagen, ranked best city for cyclists in the world since 2015. In a research practice that contrasts cycling in emerging vs. established cycling cities, this empirical study aims to contrast the ways in which photographs published in French vs. Danish media position their readerships vis-à-vis cycling and cyclists. The analysis, based on photographs taken from a large corpus of media reports published in a mix of broadsheet and tabloid newspapers, draws on both Systemic Functional Linguistics' APPRAISAL framework and discursive news values analysis. The analysis shows that bicycles per se are often the focus of news photographs, with emphasis on their wide availability in both Paris and Copenhagen, while Parisians and Copenhageners are depicted as individuals who just happen to ride their bicycles, rather than fervent cycling buffs. Photographs concerning cycling casualties focus on celebrities in both countries, suggesting a strong link to the news value of Eliteness. While photographs in the Danish newspapers mostly depict people cycling in bicycle lanes, this is rarely the case in the French newspapers. Moreover, Le Figaro French broadsheet is depreciative of new bicycle lanes that encroach on car space and critical of cyclist-motorist relations in Paris.

This paper analyses the process of exclusion of Saddam Hussein, in a Spanish newspaper, El País, in the period just before the Gulf War. This exclusion procedure is articulated on two axes: division and rejection (Foucault, 1964). `Division' means establishing an inclusive us and an exclusive them, in this case, him. This move therefore entails a personification of the conflict, which produces immediate feelings of identification or rejection, and simplifies how the war is understood. Both effects are reinforced by the second move of the exclusion procedure: `rejection'. Once the two camps are established an imaginary dimension, related to the ideology of consensus and ethnic prejudices, is evoked in order to create an image of Saddam Hussein in which he plays the stranger, the irrational being, the madman, the beast and, ultimately, the personification of evil. These are the villain's attributes in the fairy tale of the just war (Lakoff, 1992), which is the script of the event activated by the newspaper for the conceptualization of the conflict and its protagonists. On the other hand, a positive image is created for a unique and ideological us, in which, as readers, we are included and absorbed.

Although the concept of environmental refugees has been circulating for more than thirty years, not much has been written about how the displacement of people caused by environmental disasters has entered into public discourses. More specifically, within the empirical investigations into the discourses on environmental displacement, the phenomenon of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) moving inside the borders of their own countries as an effect of disasters has received little critical attention with respect to how it is framed. The present article explores the discursive constructions of IDPs in Canadian news discourse which refer to the destructive 2016 Alberta fire in Fort McMurray, the heart of the tar sands region. Thus, a corpus of news reports is analysed in a discourse-analytical perspective with the intent of identifying specific discursive strategies, frames and patterns in the representation of the social actors within newspaper narratives. The analysis shows that the representations of IDPs in the corpus under investigation are characterized by different patterns of language choice compared to those emerging from the discourses on climate refugees, asylum seekers and migrants in general, evident in previous studies. In the end, what becomes also apparent is that nomination strategies are connected to specific ideologies in discourse, on the basis of which the correlation between the tar sands and the fire is either omitted or mildly unveiled.

"RESUMEN
La comunicación entre el compositor de música y su audiencia no es en modo alguno directa. Está fuertemente intervenida por agentes que controlan aspectos críticos del proceso. Se produce así una compleja intermediación entre los interlocutores, que exige de la negociación y el diálogo a diferentes niveles para que la comunicación pueda consumarse efectivamente. Los nuevos significados que se generan por la intermediación no han sido tomados en cuenta en los estudios musicológicos tradicionales, que tienden a ver la interacción musical como algo dual, unívoco, lineal y simple. Proponemos en este trabajo acercarnos a este problema en el caso particular de la música de conciertos, a partir de las categorías de DISCURSO, DISEÑO, PRODUCCIÓN y DISTRIBUCIÓN que ofrecen Gunther Kress y Theo van Leeuwen (2001) para el análisis de los discursos multimodales.
Palabras clave: composición musical, intermediación, discurso multimodal.

ABSTRACT
Communication between composer and audience is not straight. This communication is strong biased by agents who control critic aspects of the process. This produces a complex intermediation among the interlocutors that requires of negotiation and dialog if communication should be effectively completed. The new significations generated by this process has not been taken in consideration by the traditional musicological studies, who considered the musical interaction as dual, univocal, lineal and simple. We propose in this paper to study the particular case of the concert music starting from the categories of DISCOURSE, DESIGN, PRODUCTION and DISTRIBUTION created by Gunther Kress and Theo van Leeuwen (2001) in order to analyze the multimodal discourses.
Key words: musical composition, intermediation, multimodal discourse."

THE INTERNAL DISCOURSE IN THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN ON THE ARTSAKH CONFLICT UNDER THE RULE OF PRESIDENT HASSAN ROUHANI (2013-2020)

The paper presents a study of the IRI internal discourse related to the Artsakh (Nagorno Karabakh) conflict during the presidency of Hassan Rouhani. It is aimed to emphasize the key concerns and principles discussed by analysts, popular media, and some public figures and to determine the main directions of the discourse.

This study is the main part of my BA thesis - with an edited Introduction and without Appendix attached.

Revised and expanded version of a paper read at the 15th EAJS International Conference 2017 (Lisbon, Aug. 30 – Sept. 2, 2017) - Section 5, Panel S5b_15: Sound and music as medium. For the published version, see http://doc.rero.ch/record/329598.

Commonly said to embody the 'urbane' and 'refined' lifestyle of metropolitan Tokyo and to prefigure the transnational and consumerist characteristics of today's mainstream J-Pop, Japanese City Pop has undergone several recontextualizations since it first surfaced in the last quarter of the 20th century. I use City Pop as an example to interrogate the intermedial qualities of the processes at work in the emergence and sustenance of popular music genres. I first examine some common multi-semiotic (aural, visual and textual) characteristics of the musical products most commonly classified as City Pop, conceptualizing the genre as an example of intermedial translation. I then relate the results of this examination to select material from a small diachronic corpus of Japanese-language musical intertexts built from music history books, disc guides, and newspaper and music magazine articles published between 1977 and 2016. I identify actors in the discursive construction of City Pop as a genre and trace changes in the musical and extra-musical qualities attributed to it. Our contemporary understanding of the term 'City Pop' and our perception of the artists it points to are shown to have been strongly shaped by enthusiast press articles and popular musical histories written by a relatively small number of Japanese music journalists who integrated disparate and often contradictory artistic productions into a coherent genealogical narrative centered on the folk-rock band Happy End. My findings indicate the comparatively strong importance of etic text-based narratives over emic musical properties or short-term music industry marketing strategies in the construction of City Pop as a popular music genre, pointing to the fundamental primacy of language/writing in what Jens Schröter has termed 'ontological intermediality.'

Racial hoaxes are becoming a popular discursive strategy to disguise racism, as well as a powerful means for triggering waves of fake news and outraged comments both on mainstream and social media. Built on grounds of plausibility and consistency with existing narratives, racial hoaxes may remain latent for a long time, and periodically emerge when negative stereotypes can be framed as actual news stories. Racial hoaxes have relevant political and social implications: spread across multiple channels, they can foster exclusionary discourse on immigration, migrants , refugees, and other minorities, with concrete consequences on people and policies. In particular, far-right movements embrace hoaxes as a great opportunity to advocate their claims and legitimate their calls for violent action. Theoretical background Racial hoaxes are becoming a popular discursive strategy to disguise racism. This concept has mainly been used in US legal and criminological fijields, aimed at exploring the connection between racial stereotypes and related practices in policing, and shifting criminal responsibility from a white offfender to a fijictional black predator (Russell, 1998). Nonetheless, this concept could be scrutinized from wider social and communicational perspectives, looking at how racial hoaxes are created and circulated, and how they afffect ethnic relations. The concept also provides powerful insights into study how prejudices and stereotypes are objectivized, and how hostility tales turn into social action. Moreover, racial hoaxes should be a relevant matter for communication studies, since they involve both mainstream and digital media, and have relevant consequences on public.

This article deals with how fear is misused in media discourse. Pursuing the claim that it is impossible to eliminate fear from the public sphere, this paper argues that fear control is a technique widely used by certain interest groups to generate and spread uncertainty among people in order to create an atmosphere in which their goals are easily reachable. This paper will discuss the concepts of discourse, hegemony, and power relations in order to show how public language (both written and spoken) in media discourse reflects, creates, and maintains power relations. In this sense, fear, which is a crucial “energizing fuel” of such public language, could be considered and further elaborated as both a contextual variable and as a tool for facilitating power relations by applying various techniques. Aiming to show how media use and control the nature and level of fear in public discourse, I will discuss two techniques – the commercialization of fear and the method of “othering.” While commercialization implies the mass (re)production and (re)appropriation of fear in a public space, “othering” has been applied when the object of reporting is an out-group individual or community and self-group is using the media as a tool for their negative portrayal, thus creating boundaries and provoking discrimination and violence. The case of Serbia will be used to indicate how techniques of “othering,” linked with the regime’s propaganda, may contribute to the creation of an atmosphere of fear, and make a people seek protection and become easy prey for manipulation.

This book is an exploration of current approaches to the linguistic, cultural and social interpretation of texts in diverse contexts of English. By investigating an array of different discourses, we aim to bring to the fore a variety of social and cultural representations and to illustrate the way in which represented participants are generally embedded in social, political, and cultural practices through and in the language.
A glance at the contents of the book will immediately reveal that this is an unusual, and maybe uncomfortable, type of academic publication, at least within the complex Italian academic context. Indeed, corpus linguists may well define the volume as an un-‘principled’ collection of texts. However, the rationale behind this purposefully unsystematic assortment of essays resides in the fact that it is only by adopting different, though somewhat contiguous, linguistic, cultural and social perspectives that researchers can comprehensively approach a variety of texts when seeking out the covert meaning-making structures of different discourses.

This book provides the first comprehensive account of temporal deixis in English printed and online news texts. Linking the characteristic usage of tenses with the projection of deictic centres, it notes how conventional tenses, particularly in headlines, are affected by heteroglossia arising from various accessed voices. The resulting tense shifts are interpreted pragmatically as a conventional reader-oriented strategy that creates the impression of temporal co-presence. It is argued that since different tense choices systematically correlate with the three main textual segments of news texts, the function of tense needs to be viewed in a close connection with its local context. Traditional news texts are also contrasted with online news, particularly as far as the effect of hypertextuality on the coding of time is concerned. A two-level structural framework for the analysis of online news is proposed in order to account for their increased textual complexity. The book will be of interest to a wide range of scholars and students working in the fields of media pragmatics, discourse analysis and stylistics.

Participation of Adam “Nergal” Darski, the leader of the death metal band Behemoth, in the television talent–show The Voice of Poland in autumn 2011 caused a media storm and fierce public debate in Poland . This story has focused as in a lens Polish social, political and religious life. Here heavy metal intersects with the popular media and culture, controversial stage image with court trials, Nergal’s fight against leukemia with advertising, Satanism and its symbols with Christianity, political struggle during the parliamentary election campaign with religious life, freedom of speech and artistic expression with religious freedom. This paper aims to answer two fundamental questions about those events: (1) How various discourses involved influenced each other?; (2) Which communication mechanisms have been used? Methodologically I use the Critical Discourse Analysis approach of Norman Fairclough (2003, 2005) and the case study method (Gerring, 2007; Stacks, 2005, 2011) to identify three intertwining and interacting processes of communication: (1) Nergal’s shockvertising/publicity in the death metal niche; (2) Nergal’s shockvertising/publicity in TVP when promoting The Voice of Poland to mass audience; (3) political and religious scandalization performed by specific activists (various political, church and religious organizations, bishops etc.)

Critical discourse analysis of media is a broad enterprise with its roots in the seminal analyses of the 1970s and 1980s. In this chapter, I outline three relatively new developments, and point to directions in which media discourse analysis is now beginning to move (Section 2). To illustrate these new directions in a concrete analysis, the chapter explores media accounts of Africa (Section 3), and explores the potential of drawing on decolonial thinking to analyse media discourse (Section 4).

From the time of their introduction in Paris and other French cities in the summer of 2018, free-floating electric scooters have quickly grown in popularity and numbers, creating a conundrum for Paris and other municipalities over their regulation. This study aims to explore the representation, in French mainstream newspapers with contrasting ideological viewpoints, of free floating e-scooters, their users and operators, as well as public authorities’ response to the problems they caused. Articles from Le Figaro and Le Monde newspapers were collected between June 2018 and September 2019, generating a dataset of 107 articles and 741 occurrences of appraisal. The analysis highlights a very negative view of e-scooters, most particularly over safety issues and their use of public space. Articles from Le Figaro were also harshly critical of the ways in which public authorities struggled to regulate this new means of transport.

In the world of technology-mediated communication (TMC), the involvement of audiences with media texts takes very diverse forms. The participation is shaped by multiple factors ranging from the genre of the media text (e.g., the news article as opposed to the radio phone-in program), the general participatory situation (e.g., before/after a story or event and within/outside of the text), to the interactive affordances of the individual media platforms (print, radio, TV, online).
Adopting a combined media linguistic and socio-pragmatic perspective, this chapter explores the types of interactivity and interaction that occur in the media. Focusing on online news media, it explains how media interactivity can translate into actual interaction with the recipients, thereby affecting the overall participation framework of the media discourse event. Finally, the chapter outlines several current trends (customization of content, remediation, dispreferred participation, etc.) and points out some potential problems associated with these participatory phenomena.

Language, Gender, and Popular Culture.In Ehrlich and Meyerhoff (eds.) (2014) The Handbook of Language, Gender and Sexuality (2nd edition) Blackwell pp604-624

Abstract:
This chapter presents a sample of explorations of language and gender both in and through popular cultural forms. The sample covers magazines and their offers of friendship and community, gendered style and professional identity in broadcasting and audience engagement with television talk. Gender stereotypes, sexist attitudes and oppressive patterns of behaviour circulate abundantly in popular culture, but popular media can also be used to engage with these things critically. The final section presents some non-academic work which does just that: cartoons and comics.

This chapter focuses on the linguistic practices of fans and other media consumers as evident in their contributions on social media platforms. The digital environment has had significant impact on such practices, as summarized by Jenkins (2006a: 141-142):
• It has increased the speed with which fans can communicate with each other and the development of new fan communities.
• It has allowed fans to access a much wider range of perspectives online and to practice more effective activism.
• The international reach of the internet has made the community larger and transnational.
• It has moved fandom towards the mainstream.
Nevertheless, fandom-and audience engagement more generally-has mainly been considered in non-linguistic disciplines, with only a few exceptions. This chapter discusses relevant linguistic practices through which audience members respond to narrative mass media texts on social media platforms. It does so with reference to fictional TV series and focuses primarily on the linguistic studies that have been undertaken in this field so far.

Adopting social semiotic analytical framework, the research examines the shift in women's representation in 30 posters of top-grossing movies between 1930 to 2012 with the following objectives: (i) to examine the visual representation of women in movie posters, (ii) to investigate gender bias in titles and taglines of movie posters and (iii) to show the shift in the representation of women in movie posters across three eras of Hollywood. Four major role categories emerged: lover, damsel in distress, sex object and heroine. The result of the study showed a few thoughts about the possibility of changes of weak and dependent to strong and independent women. Movie titles and taglines mainly referred to male heroes' missions or actions and women's villainy, besides other themes such as racial conflicts or war.

The aim of this study is to probe for ideological constructions of racism embedded within the structure of media discourse. This paper focuses on three news reports relating to the representation of ethnic minorities that are connected to the case of the Cologne sex assaults in Germany. In doing this, this paper examines how ethnic minorities are represented in three news reports from two British newspapers with contrasting political stances: The Telegraph, a right-wing newspaper, and The Independent, a left-wing newspaper. The analysis of the reports in both newspapers adheres to the analytical paradigm of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and regards the analytical frameworks of van Dijk (1993; 2000a; 2000b) and Chilton (2004). The present paper shows that ideology can be considered to be a significant factor in the discursive representation of ethnic minorities in the analysed news reports; and that the negative portrayal of the Other conduces to the reproduction of racism, whereas anti-racist discourse is instrumental in the transformation of the negative mental models people have acquired of ethnic minorities.

Key words: Cologne sex assaults, Critical Discourse Analysis, ethnic minorities, Germany, immigrants, media discourse, negative other-presentation, new racism, news reports, racialization, racism, representation, The Independent, The Telegraph, United Kingdom.

In this article I discuss " wicked " women in contemporary pop culture, analyzing the language of the " heroines " , or protagonists, of three popular American television series: Weeds, Nurse Jackie and Saving Grace. All feature female characters who are " flawed " in some way and can be described as " non-conforming " , since they engage in behavior that would be socially and morally condemned – they deal in drugs (Weeds), are addicted to pills (Nurse Jackie) or are alcoholics (Saving Grace). While this has attracted some comment in the mainstream media, such comments are not based on any empirical research and have tended to center on these women's behavior. In contrast, the approach taken here focuses on their linguistic practices, in particular their use of " bad language " , including taboo words and swearing. The analyses show that all three female protagonists challenge stereotypical expectations about appropriate " feminine " behavior for white heterosexual Anglo-American women through their use of " bad language " , while the impact of such cultural representations depends on a range of factors.

This study investigates the widely recognizable discourse that characterizes South Korea as a plastic surgery nation by tracing media coverage of plastic surgery as published in two major Korean newspapers from 1960 to 2009.This study attempts to enrich our understanding of plastic surgery in modern times within the Korean context by delineating three distinctive periods of plastic surgery: legitimization (1960–79), popularization (1980–99), and industrialization (2000s). I show how the discourse of South Korea as a plastic surgery nation is both a local and a global construction. This paper further aims to deepen our understanding of enhancement technology by showing how the plastic surgery discourse in South Korea demonstrates the permeability of the boundaries between therapy and enhancement, bodily and social enhancement, and the individual and collective body. While the discourse has reinforced these complementary and intertwined relationships, what enhancement means for whom has not been questioned. I argue that statistics have variously been used to proclaim the ubiquity of plastic surgery, which works to “make up people” without attending to the actual experiences and effects of plastic surgery, either for individuals or the nation. In this way, the characterization of South Korea as a plastic surgery nation is a dubious construction.

This book explores the role of language and images in newspaper, radio, online and television news. The authors introduce useful frameworks for analysing language, image and the interaction between the two, and illustrate these with authentic news stories from around the English-speaking world, ranging from the Oktoberfest to environmental disasters to the killing of Osama bin Laden. This analysis persuasively illustrates how events are re-told in the news and made ‘newsworthy’ through both language and image. This clearly written and accessible introduction to news discourse is essential reading for students, lecturers, and researchers in Linguistics, Media/Journalism Studies, and Semiotics.

Esta pesquisa concentra-se em compreender por que a educação foi convertida em uma arena de disputa por um modelo biopolítico, na qual polarizam-se de um lado, os movimentos LGBTI+ e feminista e, de outro, o movimento conservador/fundamentalista, representado sobretudo por grupos como o Movimento Escola sem Partido e igrejas neopentecostais e católica. Busca-se compreender de que forma o discurso moral conservador produz efeitos na sociedade e interfere no processo de elaboração de políticas para a educação. Para analisar a movimentação discursiva, é desenvolvido um modelo para “inferência do discurso”, composto por uma etapa de análise do discurso e outra de mapeamento computacional. Identifica-se a presença do discurso da ideologia de gênero em postagens do Facebook, nas discussões do PNE 2014
e em proposições apresentadas na Câmara dos Deputados brasileira.
Desenvolve-se o conceito de sequestro semântico, um processo de apropriação e ressignificação discursiva de teorias e/ou conceitos oriundos de um campo de estudo com o objetivo de desestabilizá-lo. O texto conclui que a educação ainda é uma arena de disputa, na qual o discurso de combate à “ideologia de gênero” se mantém vivo, reverberando na sociedade e impactando a vida de todos aqueles que divergem de um modelo cis-hetero-normativo.

Koncepcja paniki moralnej w jej "klasycznym" wydaniu, zaproponowanym przez Stanleya Cohena w 1972 roku,  jest niewystarczająca do opisu nowego typu panik moralnych, takich jak sprzeciw wobec jawnej obecności gejów i lesbijek w przestrzeni publicznej, który jest tematem książki, ale też problem uchodźców, ideologii "gender" czy konflikt dotyczący krzyża na Krakowskim Przedmieściu. Tego typu paniki, wyraźnie dzielące społeczeństwo, autorka pracy nazywa panikami transformacyjnymi. Są one symptomem szerszych zmian porządku społecznego - nomosu.

تتمحور إشكالية هذه الدراسة حول السياقات الشبكية والاندماج الإعلامي وأثرهما على الممارسة الإعلامية المعاصرة. لقد شكّلت التكنولوجيات الرقمية تحديا كبيرا للصناعة الإعلامية، خاصة من خلال ميلها الى الاندماج، وهو مما أدى الى إعادة صياغة الهوية المهنية للإعلاميين، وبالتالي الممارسة الإعلامية في عالم اليوم.  تقوم إشكالية هذه الدراسة تحديدا على بحث السياقات الشبكية والاندماج الإعلامي وعلاقتهما بالممارسة الإعلامية المعاصرة، أي محاولة التعرف على الأثر التكنولوجي في الصناعة الإعلامية عموما، والممارسة الإعلامية خصوصا، وانعكاسات ذلك على الهوية المهنية للإعلام والإعلاميين. يتمثل السؤال الرئيس للدراسة في: ما هي تجليات السياقات الشبكية والاندماج الإعلامي في الممارسة الإعلامية المعاصرة؟

This article uses a new corpus containing dialogue from 66 US television series to analyse the use of swear/taboo words in the narrative mass media. Swear/taboo words are both noticeable to audiences and associated with social attitudes and judgments, including language ideologies. They are also subject to regulations. At the same time, they have important functions for the narrative. Screenwriters must negotiate these competing demands and heed language-external constraints. In this article I examine how swear/taboo words are used in TV series and propose a new taxonomy of nine different linguistic practices.

This book explores the role of language and images in newspaper, radio, online and television news. The authors introduce useful frameworks for analysing language, image and the interaction between the two, and illustrate these with authentic news stories from around the English-speaking world, ranging from the Oktoberfest to environmental disasters to the killing of Osama bin Laden. This analysis persuasively illustrates how events are re-told in the news and made ‘newsworthy’ through both language and image. This clearly written and accessible introduction to news discourse is essential reading for students, lecturers, and researchers in Linguistics, Media/Journalism Studies, and Semiotics.

წინამდებარე ნაშრომი 1896-1905 წლებში გამოცემულ გაზეთ „ივერიისა“ და „ცნობის ფურცელის“ პერიოდიკაზე დაყრდნობით იკვლევს აფხაზეთის ადგილს ქართულენოვანი პრესის მიერ ფორმირებულ იდენტობის დისკურსებში. კვლევის მიზანია, ნაციონალიზმის კონსტრუქტივისტული თეორიების პერსპექტივიდან, ქართული ნაციონალური დისკურსისა და ამ დისკურსში აფხაზეთის ინტეგრაციის პროცესის ანალიზი. მეთოდოლოგიური თვალსაზრისით კვლევა ეფუძნება სოციალურ მეცნიერებებში ფართოდ გამოყენებად კომბინირებულ კვლევით სქემებს (Mixed Methods Research), რაც თვისებრივი და რაოდენობრივი მეთოდების შეთავსებასა და ამ გზით მათი შეზღუდვების კომპენსირებას გულისხმობს. კვლევის პირველი ნაწილი მოიცავს საკვლევად აღებული პერიოდიკის შინაარსის რაოდენობრივი ანალიზის (Quantitative Content Analysis) გზით მიღებულ რეზულტატებს, ხოლო მეორე ნაწილი შინაარსის თვისებრივი ანალიზის (Qualitative Content Analysis)  გზით ცდილობს პრესის მიერ ფორმირებული იდენტობის დისკურსების გამოვლენას.
კვლევის რაოდენობრივმა ნაწილმა გვაჩვენა, რომ აფხაზეთთან დაკავშირებულ თემებს, დროის თანაბარ მონაკვეთში, „ცნობის ფურცელი“ უფრო მეტჯერ აშუქებდა, ვიდრე „ივერია“. ამასთან, ორივე გაზეთი ყველაზე ხშირად სოხუმთან დაკავშირებულ საგაზეთო მასალებს აქვეყნებდა. რაოდენობრივმა კვლევამ გამოკვეთა იმ ძირითადი თემატური ტენდენციების რიცხვითი სურათი, რაც საკვლევად აღებულ პერიოდში ახასიათებდა „ივერიისა“ და „ცნობის ფურცლის“ საინფორმაციო ბადეებს.
კვლევის თვისებრივმა ნაწილმა გამოკვეთა საკვლევად აღებული გაზეთების მიერ აფხაზეთის შესახებ ფორმირებული დისკურსების ძირითადი მახასიათებლები და მათი მიმართება ერთიანი ქართული ერის იდეასთან.
საძიებო სიტყვები: „ივერია“, „ცნობის ფურცელი“, აფხაზეთი, იდენტობის დისკურსები.