Memorandum

The concept that team members perform different team roles is fundamental to studies of team diversity and its relationship to team processes and team performance. In this paper we review research that uses Belbin's ( , 1993a) ) model in an effort to provide a thorough assessment of construct validity in light of conflicting claims in the literature. The model's theoretical grounding is considered in light of role theory. The psychometric properties of the inventory used to assess a person's behaviour in a team are examined together with 43 studies that have examined the relationships between team roles and other variables. While the evidence is mixed, we conclude that the model and the inventory have acceptable convergent validity. However, discriminant validity among some team roles is low. Suggestions for further research are offered. Dominant, trusting, extrovert, mature, positive, self-controlled, self-disciplined and stable. Mature, confident, a good chairperson, clarifies goals, promotes decision making, delegates well. Can be seen as manipulative. Offloads personal work.

The dynamisms of the present realities have propelled multinationals worldwide to engage in Cooperate Social Responsibility (CSR). This explains to a large extent why there are different models of community interface and development which serve as the means to dispense CSR to stakeholders. The Global Memorandum of Understanding (GMoU) is the Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC) existing major community interface model in Nigeria. And like all models of interaction and development, it has its own challenges. Therefore, the aim of this study was to x-ray the qualities and the maintenance of projects born-out of the model and the problems associated with the community-based managers of the model called the Cluster Development Boards' (CDBs) in the Niger Delta Communities. Explanatory Survey design was chosen for the study and primary and secondary data were collected from well-informed sources related to the variables from different stakeholders. The central conclusions of the study are that the projects sited in various communities through the model are not generally very high in quality and they are not adequately maintained by the communities were the projects are sited. And CDBs membership disagreements in the various communities are commonly propelled by greed and government officials' interference with the process of selection/appointment.

This paper studies the extent to which new trademarks refer to innovation. A sample of 660 Benelux trademarks shows that the motives of trademark registration are not primarily related to appropriating rents from innovation. This confirms the view that trademarks provide exclusive rights but no incentive for innovation per se.

The coping literature has demonstrated that differences in personality affect how individuals adapt to various stressful events, such as physical pain and traumatic experiences. This paper extends these findings into a stressful event in the financial domain, investment losses. We hypothesize that differences in the Big Five personality traits can explain variance in individuals' extent of adaptation to financial losses. The reported findings show that individuals scoring higher on agreeableness and intellect, and lower on conscientiousness adapt more to losses. It will be argued that these findings suggest that adaptation requires willingness and ability to process new information.

Water is the sector most comprehensively covered in European Union's environmental policy. An initial wave of directives accounting for public health protection and for harmonisation of environmental rules in the common market was followed by a call for a policy reform to address more properly realistic objectives, often conflicting in practical interpretation, such as environmental protection, subsidiarity and deregulation. The present paper discusses the evolution of EU water policy and examines critically how the various issues and objectives are brought together in the new EU water framework directive. The complex interplay of institutional and non-governmental actors in the formulation of European water policy is analysed, while finally its implications for the development and the ultimate character of the new, reformulated EU water policy are discussed. ' The first number denotes year of publication; the relevant legislative texts can be searched with reference to the full code.

Curso de introdução à historiografia da psicologia: apontamentos para um curso breve -parte terceira. Memorandum, 3, 112-131. Retirado em / / , do World Wide Esta terceira parte do "Curso Breve" compreende depoimentos que o professor Brožek forneceu naquela ocasião acerca da própria vivência pessoal de pesquisador. Constitui, portanto, uma fonte rica e inédita para a reconstrução da história deste pioneiro da historiografia da psicologia, através do testemunho de sua próprias memórias pessoais acerca dos acontecimentos históricos dos quais fora protagonista. Conclui-se assim a edição desta documentação referente ao "Curso de introdução à Historiografia da Psicologia", proferido pelo Professor Josef Brožek no curso de Psicologia da Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, no mês de maio de 1996. 113 Brožek, J. e Massimi, M. (ed.). (2002) Curso de introdução à historiografia da psicologia: apontamentos para um curso breve -parte terceira. Memorandum, 3, 112-131. Retirado em / / , do World Wide

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a multi-disciplinary subject and definitions vary with regard to the perceived scope or boundaries of the corporation's responsibility. In this paper, corporate motives for CSR are explored, along with the notion of an altruistic ethical impulse among business leaders or managers, perhaps motivated by religious beliefs. It is suggested that the formal adoption of CSR by corporations could be associated with the changing personal values of managers and that there may be an association between different industries, the personal values of the managers who work in them and their commitment to CSR. This paper is preparatory to an empirical investigation that will address how corporate social responsibility (CSR) is interpreted and institutionalised by organisations, including an analysis of firms' perceptions of the boundaries regarding where and to whom their corporate social responsibilities lie.

VANNI SUHASTI. Pembangunan Sistem Informasi E-Office Modul Nota Dinas pada PUSDATINKOMTEL – KEMENDAGRI. Dibimbing oleh RINA TRISMININGSIH.
Saat ini, prosedur yang diterapkan dalam pembuatan, penyimpanan, dokumentasi, dan verifikasi nota dinas pada lingkungan unit kerja PUSDATINKOMTEL masih dilakukan secara manual. Dokumentasi nota dinas hanya berupa penyimpanan dokumen hardcopy. Penerapan metode tersebut, menjadikan pembuatan nota dinas kurang efektif dan efisien. Masalah lainnya yaitu, pencarian nota dinas lama membutuhkan waktu yang lama, dikarenakan harus membuka terlebih dahulu data-data lama dan mencarinya satu-persatu dan resiko hilang maupun rusaknya dokumen. Dengan demikian dibangunlah Sistem Informasi E-Office Modul Nota Dinas pada PUSDATINKOMTEL – KEMENDAGRI yang mempunyai beberapa fungsi diantaranya fasilitas pembuatan nota dinas, pengiriman nota dinas ke eselon terkait untuk proses verifikasi, pencarian nota dinas yang sudah pernah dibuat oleh pegawai tersebut, sedangkan login sebagai admin adanya fasilitas manipulasi data pegawai PUSDATINKOMTEL, manipulasi hak akses penerima pesan nota dinas, manipulasi data klasifikasi nota dinas, mencari dan mencetak laporan pembuatan nota dinas berdasarkan nama pegawai yang pernah membuat nota dinas. 
Pembuatan sistem informasi ini menggunakan metode Rapid Application Development (RAD). Metode ini dibagi menjadi lima tahap yaitu pemodelan bisnis (bussiness modelling), pemodelan data (data modelling), pemodelan proses (process modelling), pembentukan aplikasi (application generation), pengujian dan pergantian (testing and turnover). Sistem ini memfasilitasi pembuatan nota dinas secara online sesuai tata naskah dinas di lingkungan KEMENDAGRI dan proses verifikasi nota dinas melalui pengiriman nota dinas. Selain itu memfasilitasi admin sistem dalam mengelola data pegawai, klasifikasi nota dinas, hak akses penerima nota dinas, mencari dan mencetak laporan pembuatan nota dinas berdasarkan nama pegawai yang pernah membuat nota dinas.
Kata kunci : e-office, metode RAD, nota dinas, sistem informasi

Obiettivo del presente memorandum, è quello di condividere la rimodulazione della strategia di marketing e comunicazione del progetto sportivo denominato EM314, a seguito del rinvio di 12 mesi del debutto, da parte dell’atleta titolare del progetto (Emmanuele Macaluso) a causa dell’emergenza sanitaria globale Covid-19. Debutto che dalla stagione 2020 è stato quindi posticipato alla stagione 2021.
La volontà dell’autore, e dei professionisti coinvolti nel progetto, è quella di creare un case history, con spunti tecnici da mettere a disposizione di atleti, manager sportivi e studenti che, a causa di emergenze sanitarie, o più in generale di fattori esterni, debbano o dovranno rimodulare strategie di marketing e comunicazione sul medio-lungo periodo.

Nota all’abstract: Il presente memorandum rappresenta un punto di vista inedito e completo, in quanto l’autore di questo documento, oltre ad essere il Marketing & Communication Manager del progetto EM314 è anche l’atleta.

Ulteriori informazioni sul progetto EM314 all’indirizzo http://www.em314official.com

A lungo considerata una componente minoritaria degli studi demo-etno-antropologici italiani, nell’ultimo decennio l’antropologia applicata sta vivendo una fase di rilancio che per essere compresa e valorizzata in modo organico richiede uno sforzo di storicizzazione, capace di disarticolare lo snodo di questioni politiche, culturali e accademiche addensate attorno alla relazione tra antropologia e applicazione nel panorama nazionale. L’articolo si concentra su un momento della storia degli studi – gli anni Cinquanta e Sessanta del Ventesimo secolo – in cui si è assistito alla prima fondazione di un’antropologia impegnata in azioni di pianificazione e di inter- vento sociale nel territorio e cerca di mettere in luce le ragioni storiche che hanno ostacolato l’affermazione di un progetto unitario di rafforzamento della disciplina nel quadro delle scienze sociali in Italia.

Koçi Bey Risalesi, Osmanlı toplum ve devlet düzeninde meydana gelen değişikliklerin, gelenekçi bir bakış açısıyla analizini yapan risalelerin en çok tanınanı ve
en kapsamlısıdır. Koçi Bey bu eserde, bir yandan Osmanlı geçmişinin parlak bir
tasvirini verirken, diğer taraftan geleneksel müesseselerin çözülmesi sonunda
ortaya çıkan tabloyu tasvir eder ve sahip olduğu bakış açısı çerçevesinde, toplumun bozulma sebeplerini irdeleyerek bunalımdan çıkış yollarını göstermeye çalışır. Bu makale, Osmanlı tarihinin herhangi bir kesitini veya yönünü bir
tarihçi gibi ele almaktan ziyade, o dönemin bugün tarihe nasıl konu edildiği
noktasından hareket eden bir yaklaşımla, bir tarih sosyolojisi çabası olarak değerlendirilmelidir.
The Pamphlet of Koçi Bey is the best known and the most comprehensive
treatise among the treatises analyzing the changes in social and political order
of Ottoman Empire between 16th and 17th centuries, with a traditional point
of view. In this work Koçi Bey, gives a brilliant depiction of the Ottoman past
on the one hand; while on the other hand, he depicts the consequences of the corruption of traditional institutions and within the framework of his perspective, he tries to show the way out of depression by examining the causes of corruption in society. This article should be considered as an effort of historical sociology moving from the point of how that period is taken as a subject of history today, rather than treating any part or aspect of Ottoman History as a historian.

ABSTRACT Focusing on a subset of European cities belonging to the SmartCities (inter) Regional Academic Network (SCRAN), ie Bremerhaven, Edinburgh, Groningen, Karlstad, Kortijk, Kristiansand, Lillesand, Osterholz, Norfolk, this chapter will offer a decision network model built around an analytical hierarchy able to verify whether the development of cities with in North Sea Region is smart.

Pentru municipiul Turda, statuia dr. Ioan Raţiu din piaţa primăriei poate fi considerată o siglă a localităţii, o siglă a întregii Transilvanii, un simbol al luptei românilor pentru drepturi naţionale şi pentru unire. Una dintre vechile familii româneşti renumite de la Turda, ce poartă numele de Raţiu, este de referinţă atât pentru istoria locală cât şi pentru istoria modernă a României, Dacă dr. Ioan Raţiu, fost tribun în armata lui Avram Iancu declanşează lupta pentru drepturi naţionale prin mijloace juridice, fiind iniţiatorul Memorandumului din 1892, după moartea sa survenită în anul 1902, alţi membrii ai acestei familii, vor fi pe mai departe purtători de steag românesc pentru înfăptuirea idealurilor de veacuri a românilor din Transilvania. Unul dintre aceştia a fost avocatul turdean dr. Augustin Raţiu. Augustin Raţiu s-a născut în comuna Petreştii de Sus, judeţul Cluj, la 7 iulie 1884, din părinţii Nicolae Portos Raţiu, preot în localitate (nepot de văr al memorandistului dr. Ioan Raţiu) şi Ludovica Gaia, originară din comuna Sând (astăzi Sănduleşti), judeţul Cluj. 1 Rămas orfan de mic, singurul fiu al familiei Raţiu îşi îndreaptă paşii spre studiu. Studiază la Cluj, Bistriţa şi Blaj. După terminarea facultăţii de drept din Cluj şi obţinerea doctoratului, îşi depune "cenzura de avocat" la Târgu-Mureş, obţinând diploma la 19 octombrie 1912 şi îşi deschide birou de avocatură la Turda. Educat în spiritul familiei Raţiu, Augustin a fost un continuator al idealului naţional promovat prin întreaga sa activitate desfăşurată pe tot parcursul vieţii. A fost căsătorit de două ori. La 6 mai 1913 s-a căsătorit la Sibiu cu fiica avocatului Ioan Turcu din Făgăraş, pe nume Eugenia, cu care a avut patru copii: Iancu, Radu, Mircea şi Eugenia. 2

Morocco has a rich and diverse cultural heritage including 35 ancient medina’s. Despite these important assets, Morocco is facing some serious stagnation in reaching their tourism ambitions as have been defined in their Vision 2020. To identify their relevance for (urban) tourism, it is crucial to understand and to include the historic and multi-layered development. Based on two empirical approaches, we highlight the tourism potential of each medina in terms of the strategic assets and the availability of tourism infrastructure based on information from AirBNB, Booking, and Tripadvisor. Data from these accommodation websites illustrates existing power-law relations in terms of size and scale, and a natural grouping and patterns in the touristic activity of the medina’s. Based on our findings, we propose a research agenda which could further support the Moroccan government in reaching their tourism ambitions with a strong emphasize on urban tourism and the ancient multi-layered medin...

This paper studies risk attitudes using a large representative survey and a complementary experiment conducted with a representative subject pool in subjects' homes. Using a question asking people about their willingness to take risks "in general", we find that gender, age, height, and parental background have an economically significant impact on willingness to take risks. The experiment confirms the behavioral validity of this measure, using paid lottery choices. Turning to other questions about risk attitudes in specific contexts, we find similar results on the determinants of risk attitudes, and also shed light on the deeper question of stability of risk attitudes across contexts. We conduct a horse race of the ability of different measures to explain risky behaviors such as holdings stocks, occupational choice, and smoking. The question about risk taking in general generates the best all-round predictor of risky behavior. (JEL: D0, D81, C90, J10) participants at numerous seminars and conferences, in particular

A Psicologia Humanista norte-americana surgiu há cerca de cinqüenta anos, apresentando-se como uma terceira força capaz de fazer frente ao que julgava ser uma desumanização determinista da imagem de ser humano promovida pelo Behaviorismo e pela Psicanálise. Apresentando sua versão do objeto da Psicologia como dotado de um nível de liberdade, criatividade e pró-atividade, os principais representantes da Psicologia Humanista se recusaram a abandonar o método experimental, proclamando a sua abordagem como aderida à ciência moderna. Assim inauguraram um novo dilema, que tem acompanhado a história da Psicologia Humanista: deveria esta manter sua adesão ao método científico que não se adequa a seu objeto de pesquisa ou transformar a imagem de ciência que pratica para adequá-la à sua imagem de ser humano? Defende-se aqui tese de que a Psicologia Humanista, mesmo com as adesões proclamadas de Maslow e Rychlak, acabou por abandonar o método experimental para aderir a investigações finalistas. Palavras-chave: psicologia humanista; ciência moderna; epistemologia da psicologia.

В годините на преход бяха допуснати много грешки в развитието на туризма, довели до стихийно и непланомерно презастрояване, загуба на традиционни пазари и партньори, понижаване на конкурентноспособността на българския туристически продукт, унищожаване на национални туристически ресурси, природни и културно-исторически ценности. За ограничаване на негативните тенденции и повишаване качеството на туристическия продукт, група обществени туристически и природозащитни организации подписаха Меморандум за устойчиво развитие на българския туризъм чрез опазване на природното и културното наследство в България. В настоящото изследване е дадена дефиниция на понятието отговорен туризъм и е направен анализ на механизма за прилагане на етичните принципи в туризма, мястото на етическата отговорност и етическите решения в туристическата политика. Представен е Глобалния етичен кодекс в туризма въз основа, на който е изготвен Меморандумът за устойчиво развитие на българския туризъм. Описани са целите на Меморандума, основните принципи и акценти, както и насоките за бъдещите съвместни действия на присъединилите се организации. Ключови думи: отговорен туризъм, глобален етичен кодекс, меморандум за устойчиво развитие на туризма в България, етическа отговорност

There have been admitted many mistakes in tourism development in the years of transition, resulted in irrepressible and non planned overdevelopment, loss of traditional markets and partners, reducing of the competitiveness of Bulgarian tourist product, destruction of national tourism resources, natural, cultural and historical values. For limiting the negative trends and improving the quality of the tourist product, a group of public tourist and environmental organizations signed a Memorandum of sustainable development of Bulgarian tourism by conservation of natural and cultural heritage in Bulgaria. In the present survey it is given a definition of responsible tourism and it is made an analysis of the mechanism for the application of ethical principles in the tourism, the place of ethical responsibility and ethical solutions in tourism policy. It is presented the Global Code

What is the Purpose of this Document? This guide note reminds stakeholders in the building and construction industry, from design professionals and suppliers to contractors, about their ability to influence the selection of environmentally sustainable building materials and products. The Guide Note can be read in conjunction with Ecologically Sustainable Development (ESD) Guide Note 'Planning, Design and Delivery' of new and refurbished government building projects. Building and construction industry practitioners are presented with significant environmental opportunities during their involvement with the life functions of a building. Substantial benefits are available, by careful selection of building materials, components and assemblies and the practices used to incorporate them into a built environment. These benefits range from conserving resources to reducing environmental impacts, improving environmental quality and accruing subsequent savings through improved productivity and waste reduction.

People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers. Link to publication General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal. If the publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the "Taverne" license above, please follow below link for the End User Agreement:

Turkey is facing a slight but remarkable reversal in population flows between settlements, a movement known as 'counterurbanisation'. The aim of this paper is to investigate the new patterns of population flows linked to changes in employment. To explore these patterns, the paper focuses on the causality linkages between urban-rural migration and rural employment, with a special focus on entrepreneurship, at the NUTS II level. Data used in this study are obtained from the Turkish Statistical Institute. To determine the link between counterurbanisation and entrepreneurship, a multivariate statistical technique, viz. linear regression analysis, was used. This paper is the first attempt to explore the new trends in migration and employment in Turkey while offering a contemporary context for the different patterns of causal relations between counterurbanisation and entrepreneurship. The results suggest that, in Turkey, the major motivation still remains the pursuit of employment.

Multi-Actor Multi-Criteria Analysis (MAMCA) has proven to be a suitable tool for the evaluation of transport projects. It allows to incorporate explicitly the aims and views of the actors involved, which is essential in the context of transport appraisal issues where stakeholders are getting increasingly involved in the decision process. If their interests are not involved or not taken into account, action groups may emerge in order to eventually prevent the implementation of the decision that is taken. MAMCA, as an extension of a traditional multi-criteria analysis, does not require monetary values but is able to work with all types of quantitative and even qualitative inputs in a multi-actor choice context. In the context of sustainable mobility and sustainable logistics this kind of evaluation tool is more and more needed. Different alternative solutions to a problem are evaluated according to multiple criteria, so as to eventually determine which one of them is the preferred option. The method does not replace the policy maker, but allows him to come to a judgment in an informed and balanced manner.

We examine a model of social learning in networks following the lines of Bala and Goyal (1998, 2001). As a model of agents’ behaviour we have chosen the model of informational cascades of Bikhchandani et al (1992). Similarly to Bala and Goyal we find that the higher the ’degree of integration’ within the society is, the more likely it is that conformity of actions will arise. However, unlike their results our model suggests that in the presence of informational externalities globalisation of informational flows, expressed in the increasing density of communication channels in a network, may drive down the expected social welfare.

In January 2015 the radical left SYRIZA has won the Greek national elections and formed a coalition government with Independent Greeks (ANEL), a right-wing populist party. After a seven-month negotiation with Greece’s creditors and the agreement for the implementation of a third memorandum of fiscal adjustment, SYRIZA announced the conduction of a second round of national elections in September 2015. After a second electoral victory, SYRIZA formed again a coalition government with ANEL. The main characteristic of SYRIZA’s pre-electoral campaign was that it has primarily focused on the commitment for austerity measures termination and on the implementation of tax alleviation. Even during the second electoral campaign in September 2015, after the agreement for the implementation of the third memorandum of fiscal adjustment, SYRIZA was promising that its implementation will be socially endued in order to reduce negative social consequences, such as those created by the previous memoran...

... Palavras-chave: psicologia histórica; história da psicologia; história das ciências humanas; história das idéias; Ignace Meyerson. ... (1960). A pessoa e sua história. (1960). Pintura e realidade. ... (1961). Notas sobre o objeto. (1961). O pensamento psicológico de Louis Gernet. (1963) ...

Este trabalho apresenta uma modalidade de abordagem do fenomeno da violencia pela via do horizonte propiciado na dimensao da etica. O proposito deste artigo consiste em examinar as relacoes entre etica e violencia no que diz respeito a suas possiveis consequencias psiquicas. A partir do modo como violencia e definida pela Organizacao Mundial de Saude (OMS) destaca sua articulacao com varios temas como forca, poder, politica, terror e burocracia. Sera apontada e discutida a dimensao etica a partir de uma situacao paradigmatica para a reflexao posterior sobre a situacao de violencia e vulnerabilidade. Apresentamos uma posicao quanto as relacoes entre etica e violencia: estas nao deveriam ser pensadas apenas a partir da concepcao imediata da vitima mas deve-se ressaltar uma especie de transmissao intergeracional e intercultural da vulnerabilidade. Isso e compativel com a repeticao que se verifica em numerosas formas de violencia em varios contextos culturais.  Palavras-chave:  violenci...

Estimates on Italian and Norwegian data indicate that the preference structure among middle-aged Italian males and Norwegian males and females who are approaching retirement has strong similarities. The policy simulation indicates somewhat stronger responses to cuts in pension benefits in Norway than in Italy. But given the differences in institutions and labour market participations in the two countries, the responses are surprisingly similar. It should also be noted that the Italian data are based on a survey, while the Norwegian data are register-data, which covers the whole population and contains detailed information about the wage income and pension rights of the individuals JEL Classification: D10, H55, J26.

This study estimates the effect of seasonal patterns of pull/push weather elements (rainfall, temperature, wind, and cloud coverage) on recurrent fluctuations in tourism demand for Aruba, originating from the USA and Venezuela. The estimation is based on an econometric methodology consisting of decomposing time series of weather elements and tourism demand, using a Census X-12 decomposition procedure, and subsequently applying a unit root test, an Engle & Granger cointegration test, a Granger causality test, and a Euclidean distance measure. The results show no influence of weather (pull and push) on the seasonal patterns of tourism demand from Venezuela. On the other hand, the study showed a clear causal relationship between (pull and push) seasonal weather variability and tourism demand from the USA.

O texto homenageia Arno Engelmann, Professor Titular do Departamento de Psicologia Experimental do IPUSP. São apresentados dados biográficos e a evolução de sua carreira na Universidade de São Paulo desde os primórdios do curso de Psicologia, na década de 1960, e a relevância de seu trabalho em suas áreas de atuação, como Evolução Histórica da Psicologia, Sensação e Percepção, Estados Subjetivos, Relatos verbais como acesso metodológico a estados de ânimo e à consciência. Suas contribuições como professor, orientador, pesquisador e suas relações pessoais como colega e amigo são ilustradas sob a forma de depoimentos escritos de alunos, orientandos, colegas e amigos, obtidos por meio de contatos por e-mail ou telefone no decorrer do ano de 2018. 

Entrepreneurs as the dominant employment source in rural areas play a crucial role, not only in the continuity of the rural economy but also in the continuity of rural life. The aim of this study is first to explore the profile of rural entrepreneurs, and second to identify the most important factors that determine their different embeddedness levels in rural areas. To achieve this aim, we will first use descriptive statistical techniques, and later on one of the artificial intelligence methods, i.e. rough set data analysis in order to investigate 255 entrepreneurs from Turkish rural areas on the basis of the data obtained from in-depth questionnaire interviews. This study is the first attempt to evaluate rural entrepreneurs and their place in rural areas. Descriptive statistics on entrepreneurs show that the gender gap and the education problem still exist in many villages, although depopulation is somewhat limited due to the motivation of entrepreneurs. However, most entrepreneurs want to stay in their villages: they have stated that the continuity and the success of their entrepreneurial activity are very much related to the social relations and their involvement in the village social life. According to the results of our second analysis, embeddedness and disembeddedness of entrepreneurs are strongly associated with the remoteness of villages, the personal profile, and the use of external information by entrepreneurs.

El presente artículo tiene como finalidad analizar a las mujeres como objeto de estudio en la Revista Archivos de criminología  aplicadas a las ciencias afines en la Argentina en el periodo comprendido entre 1902 y 1913. Nos detendremos particularmente a contemplar las características de las mujeres estudiadas en sus páginas, diferenciando aquellos casos que fueron  judicializados de los que no fueron objeto de intervención penal. En dicho recorte mostraremos cómo la consideración jurídica y científica de los mismos estaba imbuida en los valores de género de la época sobre los roles esperables para las mujeres.

This paper presents a new approach to the functional approximation of the M/G/1/N built on a Taylor series approach. Specifically, we establish an approximative expression for the remainder term of the Taylor series that can be computed in an efficient manner. As we will illustrate with numerical examples, the resulting Taylor series approximation turns out to be of practical value. keywords: Series expansion approach; Taylor series; M/G/1/N queue; Performance Measures; Deviation matrix

Individuals with a preference for keeping moral obligations may dislike learning that voluntary contributions are socially valuable: Such information can trigger unpleasant feelings of cognitive dissonance. I show that if initial beliefs about the social value of contributions are su¢ ciently low, duty-oriented consumers are willing to pay to avoid information. Attitude campaigns can increase contributions from such consumers by providing them with unwanted information. Consequentialist warm glow types with low initial beliefs, however, will seek low-cost information on their own initiative; thus, campaigns will have less e¤ects for such consumers.

We construct an endogenous growth model based on Lucas (1988) and van Zon and Muysken (2001). The model shows how the provision of health services influences an economy's rate of growth. Since growth is produced using labour services, increasing health activities also implies lowering output and possibly growth. At the same time a good health is necessary to be productive at all. Hence there is a direct trade-off between the health state of the population and growth performance. We add a stylized demographical and epidemiological module to the Lucas model that enables us to distinguish between care activities and cure activities. We illustrate how changes in the rate of morbidity and the rate of mortality influence the optimum allocation of scarce (labour-) resources over its various uses that include care-, cure-, final output production and human capital accumulation activities. We show that in this setting the relation between growth performance and health activities is parabolic. For low levels of health activities growth increases with the size of the health sector, and then starts falling again for further increases in the size of the health sector. Thus we illustrate that an increase in longevity as experienced by Western economies entails lower growth prospects for these economies, while for economies in the development stage, a positive relation between health activities and growth is more likely to exist. For the latter countries a double health dividend may be realized from increasing health care spending, i.e. the population can attain both a higher health level and a higher growth rate of income and consumption per head. For Western economies such a double dividend might still be obtained by increasing the productivity of the health sector rather than by expanding health activities, ceteris paribus. The main conclusion of our model is, however, that human capital accumulation is still the ultimate source of growth, but the health sector is instrumental in realizing the potential of the productive human capital embodied in the population. Because of that, an exclusive focus on cutting current health costs may interfere with the growth prospects of an economy, thus potentially tightening intertemporal macro economic budget constraints rather than loosening them.