Social Values

This project involves a critical review of current knowledge and understanding of social value in the context of heritage management. Encompassing the significance of the historic environment to contemporary communities, social value relates to people’s sense of identity, distinctiveness, belonging, and place, as well as forms of memory and spiritual association. The project  considers the thorny issue of how to deal with the dynamic, iterative, and embodied nature of these relationships and the values created through them. Particular attention is focused on the modes of experience, engagement and practice that inform people’s relationships with the historic environment and the creation of value. The project also explores increasing evidence that points of crisis and conflict, including those associated with difficult and traumatic forms of memory, are particularly potent contexts for the creation of value. The range of methodologies used in existing research and surveys is critically analysed, along with their application in the spheres of heritage conservation and public policy. Finally, the appropriateness of a conceptual apparatus that tends to quantify and fix values is examined. The possibilities for capturing more fluid processes of valuing the historic environment are considered, along with the implications for other spheres of arts and culture

In Colombia, political decisions related to the countryside preserve an unjust social order, maintaining inequities and obstacles to the well-being and life quality of farmers. In this scenario the Territorial Arrangement Planning of the San Nicolas Valley, in the East of the department of Antioquia, has generated a series of rural conflicts that accentuate the vulnerabilities of rural residents, threatening the agricultural tradition in this subregion. Thus, this study inquired about the perceptions of legality in the peasant population of the area. A descriptive-correlational study with non-probabilistic sampling was carried out, including 380 peasants, members of civic-rural associations of the San Nicolas Valley, evaluating in four scales: beliefs, values, knowledge of the law and perceived legality in the context. Statistical analyses were performed in SPSS v.22 software. The findings indicated significant relationships between the study variables. Despite the state abandonment of the proletariat to market forces in an area with socioeconomic imbalances, no determining link was found between low income and violation of the law.
Resumo: Na Colômbia, as decisões políticas relacionadas ao campo preservam uma ordem social injusta, mantêm as desigualdades e os obstáculos ao bem-estar e à qualidade de vida dos agricultores. É assim que o Plano de Ordenamento Territorial do Vale de San Nicolás, no leste do departamento de Antioquia, gerou uma série de conflitos rurais que acentuam as vulnerabilidades dos moradores rurais, ameaçando a tradição agrícola nessa sub-região. Diante dessa situação, este estudo indagou sobre as percepções de legalidade na população camponesa da área, por meio de um estudo descritivo-correlacional, com amostragem não probabilística, que incluiu 380 camponeses, membros de associações cívico-rurais do Vale de San Nicolás, avaliando quatro escalas, crenças, valores, conhecimento da lei e legalidade, percebidas no contexto. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas no SPSS v. 22. Os resultados indicam relações significativas entre as variáveis do estudo. Apesar do abandono estatal do proletariado às forças de mercado em uma área com desequilíbrios socioeconômicos, nenhuma ligação determinante foi encontrada entre baixa renda e violação da lei.

Research on achievement goal promotion at University has shown that performanceapproach goals are perceived as a means to succeed at University (high social utility) but are not appreciated (low social desirability). We argue that such a paradox could explain why research has detected that performance-approach goals consistently predict academic grades. First-year psychology students answered a performance-approach goal scale with standard, social desirability and social utility instructions. Participants' grades were recorded at the end of the semester. Results showed that the relationship between performance-approach goals and grades was inhibited by the increase of these goals' social desirability and facilitated by the increase of their social utility, revealing that the predictive validity of performance-approach goals depends on social value.

Discussions of ethical approaches in nursing have been much enlivened in recent years, for instance by new developments in the theory of care. Nevertheless, many ethical concepts in nursing still need to be clarified. The purpose of this contribution is to develop a fundamental ethical view on nursing care considered as moral practice. Three main components are analyzed more deeply -- i.e., the caring relationship, caring behavior as the integration of virtue and expert activity, and "good care" as the ultimate goal of nursing practice. For the development of this philosophical-ethical interpretation of nursing, we have mainly drawn on the pioneering work of Anne Bishop and John Scudder, Alasdair MacIntyre, Lawrence Blum, and Louis Janssens. We will also show that the European philosophical background offers some original ideas for this endeavor.