Semi-Structured Interviews

Thesis Title: Careers and Labour Market Flexibility in Global Industries: The Case of Seafarers
The flexibilisation of labour in the global labour market has been a bone of contention among scholars from different disciplines over the past four decades. On the one hand, such employment is seen as a detrimental practice to employees, who might lose their occupational identity as well as constantly experience job insecurity and uncertainty. On the other hand, flexible employment is perceived as the pillar of freedom, enabling individuals to fulfil their potential through increasing labour market opportunities. In an attempt to assess these competing views within the context of a global industry where flexible employment is commonplace, the shipping industry has been chosen as the basis of an investigation to answer the following research questions:
1. To what extent are flexible employment arrangements perceived as beneficial to employers?
2. What are the perceived implications of flexible employment arrangements for employees?
3. What is the relationship between the flexibility of employment and the occupational identities of seafarers?
To answer these research questions, qualitative research methods were used to speak to over 70 participants. The methods included mostly semi-structured in-depth interviews and informal conversations conducted aboard a cargo ship.
The findings of the thesis can be largely divided into three main aspects. First, the thesis sheds light on the complexities of flexible employment in the shipping industry (i.e. the perceived negative and positive implications of such employment) for employers and employees. Secondly, using the shipping industry as an example, the thesis challenges current widespread views about the benefits of flexible employment to employers. Thirdly, the thesis presents the idea of a ‘double occupational identity’ to describe the often-complex occupational identity of seafarers related to differences in perceived labour market power.
Several strengths, limitations, and recommendations for policy and also for major stakeholders in the shipping industry are raised at the end of the thesis.
Key words: Career; Employment; Flexible Labour; Global Labour Market; In-Depth Interviews; Job; Occupational Identity; Precarious Work; Qualitative Research Methods; Seafarers; Seafaring Career; Shipping; Work.

Myriads of scholarly sources have studied various aspects of being a bodhisattva; yet few of them look into the practicability of the bodhisattva path in the modern era.  The present research discusses the notion of what a bodhisattva is, and investigates the Buddhist understanding of this concept and its praxis in a contemporary social context.  This study has adopted primary data sources which were produced by means of a mixed method, including a canonical analysis of the Vimalakīrti Nirdeśa Sūtra, and qualitative fieldwork data, together with other first-hand data sources.  Canonical analysis has provided the theoretical discourse from the Mahāyāna perspective, focusing on the idea of prajñā; while the qualitative data, which were derived from interviews, validate the applicability of the theoretical discourse, namely, bodhisattva-mārga (the bodhisattva path).  The 46 interview sessions with individuals and focus groups involved Buddhist volunteers, helping service practitioners, beneficiaries, and Buddhist masters (totally 38 participants), who were recruited by cold calls, snowball effect, acquaintances, and electronic mailing.  The interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed for analysis through the paradigm of interpretative phenomenological analysis, in order to explore the informants’ lived experiences. In addition, this study was also supported by multiple sources, including visual art.  Ensuring the research rigour, different forms of triangulation were employed, covering member checking and peer analysis at an inter-rater reliability of 92%.  With the aid of ATLAS.ti 7, a computer-assisted software for qualitative data analysis which was used for both the canonical and the interview analyses, eight themes were grouped together, including bodhisattva, bodhicitta, catvāri apramānāni, roles, praxis, qualities, intensions, and causes of sickness, from which self-benefiting altruism (altruistic activities and other forms of help performed towards other people which result in benefit to oneself), representing what is referred to here as the bodhisattva spirit.  This research further differentiates between self-benefiting altruism and reciprocal altruism, reflecting the philosophical disparities in diverse cultures.  Therefore, it offers potential insight into Buddhist helping behaviour that contributes to the well-being of sentient individuals and the society.

Semi-structured interviews are a widely used technique in development research. Unlike formal interviews, which follow a rigid format of set questions, semi-structured interviews focus on specific themes but cover them in a conversational style. They are often the best way for learning about the motivations behind people’s choices and behaviour, their attitudes and beliefs, and the impacts on their lives of specific policies or events. And they often provide valuable information that wasn’t anticipated by the researcher. Whether you are interviewing a ministry official, a farm worker, or a head teacher, there are tips and techniques for getting the most from the conversation.

"1 Introduction
PRINCIPLES AND PLANNING FOR RESEARCH
2 Theoretical Perspectives and Research Methodologies
3  Selecting and Planning Research Proposals and Projects
4 Research Ethics
5 Searching, critically reviewing and using the literature
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
6 Research design: quantitative methods
7 Research design: qualitative methods
8 Research design: using mixed methods
9 Sampling strategies
10 Designing Descriptive and analytical surveys
11 Designing Case Studies
12 Designing Evaluations
13 Action Research and Change
DATA COLLECTION METHODS
14 Collecting Primary Data: Questionnaires
15 Collecting Primary Data: Interviewing
16 Collecting Primary Data: Non-participant Observation
17 Collecting Primary Data: Ethnography and participant observation
18 Collecting Primary Data: Focus groups
19 Collecting Primary Data: Unobtrusive Measures
ANALYSIS AND REPORT WRITING
20 Secondary analysis
21 Getting started using SPSS
22 Analysing and Presenting Quantitative Data
23 Analysing and Presenting Qualitative Data
24Writing up the Research
25 Planning presentations and vivas
References
Glossary
"

This thesis (288 pages) represents an qualitative and historic inquiry into the meaning of abortion in present day Norway. The thesis includes new material (interviews with women and men), focused analysis of the relation and dynamics between religion, gender and present ideology of equality, as well as thorough discussions on theory (theories of Culture, Myth, History, Gender), and the development of a feminist foundation for a feminist theory of Myth.

In this interview, Catharine Des Forges, Director of the Independent Cinema Office (ICO) is asked about her views and experiences of UK film exhibition and audiences. The ICO is a London-based organisation that supports UK independent cinemas via programming, training, consultancy, film distribution, and events for cinema professionals. This interview is an account of Des Forges' motivations behind the establishment of the ICO, and its current activities relating to audience development. The focus is on independent or cultural cinema and its development in the UK since the 1990s. The interview was undertaken in April 2021, at a stage when the coronavirus pandemic lockdown measures in the UK were relaxing, but cinemas were still closed (and had been for most of the preceding 14 months). As a result, some of the discussion relates to the severely altered cinema exhibition landscape and the challenges it faces in the medium and long-term future.

Objective: To describe the experiences and perspectives of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) regarding dietetic services and to suggest improvements for their access and delivery.

Design: Semistructured telephone interviews.

Setting: Urban and rural Australia.

Participants: A total of 30 English-speaking adults with T2DM recruited by means of electronic advertisements and posters.

Phenomenon of interest: Engagement with services, adherence to diet, and perspectives regarding dietetic services.

Analysis: Capability, opportunity, and motivation model of behavior and theoretical domains framework informed the analysis.

Results: Participants were predominantly middle-aged, White, university-educated, and full-time professionals. Most had been diagnosed with T2DM for 2 years or more, were overweight or obese, were on glucose-lowering medication, and had visited the dietitian at least once. Two inter-related behaviors were identified: eating a healthy diet for T2DM and participating with dietetic services. Health literacy, as well as support by family, friends, and professionals, were reported as enablers for both these behaviors. Barriers stated included misconceptions about diets and the role of dietitians, unpleasant previous experiences with services, and lack of social support.

Conclusions and implications: These data support that improving health literacy of people with T2DM, in conjunction with social support by family and friends and professional support by dietitians, is likely to facilitate dietary behavior change.

This article examines the positionality of local stakeholders in the production of knowledge through fieldwork in qualitative research in Northern Uganda. While scholarly literature has evolved on the positionality and experiences of researchers from the Global North in (post)conflict environments, little is known about the positionality and experiences of local stakeholders in the production of knowledge. This article is based on interviews and focus groups with research assistants and respondents in Northern Uganda. Using a phenomenological approach, this article analyzes the positionality and experiences of these research associates and respondents during fieldwork. Three themes emerged from these interviews and are explored in this article: power, fatigue, and safety. This article emphasizes that researchers need to be reflexive in their practices and highlights the need to reexamine how researchers are trained in qualitative methods before going into the field. This article is further critical of the behavior of researchers and how research agendas impact local stakeholders during and after fieldwork.

Children with special needs present a unique set of challenges that require the services of specially trained educators and therapists. However, the various therapies and educational strategies are compartmentalized among these professionals. There is little interaction between educators and therapists that promote early childhood education and development. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the perceived impact of early childhood educators and medical therapists using a structured case study interview. The findings indicated that transference of professional knowledge impacts best practice for both professionals. This paper contributes to the unique perspectives of the medical community; and the connection between medicine, education, and the benefits and challenges of a transdisciplinary approach. This paper also provides insight on how to collaborate better to improve outcomes of teamwork and to develop coordinated approaches to education and service delivery to improve the efficiencies of both professionals.

Using a longitudinal design, the authors of this study examined the relationship between externalizing problems and impulsivity in early childhood and symptoms of disordered eating in late adolescence. Method: Participants were urban, African American first-grade girls (N ϭ 119) and their parents who were participating in a longitudinal study examining the prevention of disruptive behaviors. Impulsivity, conduct problems, and oppositional defiant behavior were assessed by parent report via structured interview questions. At 9-year follow-up, bulimic symptoms were measured by the Eating Disorder Inventory. A hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to determine the longitudinal association among impulsivity, conduct problems, and oppositional defiant behavior and bulimic symptoms. Results: Parental report of impulsivity in first-grade girls, but not conduct problems or oppositional defiant behavior, was associated with self-reported bulimic symptoms in the girls in late adolescence (p Ͻ .04). Conclusions: These results extend previous findings of a concurrent relationship between impulsivity and dysfunctional eating behaviors to a minority sample and further indicate that behavioral impulsivity in early childhood may be used to identify children for targeted prevention of disordered eating.

The research aims at investigating the Saudi Secondary school Teachers' Attitudes towards using Interactive Whiteboard in the classrooms. The research uses the Quasi-Experimental approach, with one group (100) teachers, and limited to the Secondary school Teachers that enrolled in the first semester of (2011/2012) academic year. The research uses Interactive Whiteboard Attitude Survey, observation skill card for using Interactive Whiteboard in the classrooms and structured interviews with students. The ...

This book bridges a gap between discussions about truth, human understanding, and epistemology in philosophical circles, and debates about objectivity, bias, and truth in journalism. It examines four major philosophical theories in easy to understand terms while maintaining a critical insight which is fundamental to the contemporary study of journalism. The book aims to move forward the discussion of truth in the news media by dissecting commonly used concepts such as bias, objectivity, balance, fairness, in a philosophically-grounded way, drawing on in depth interviews with journalists to explore how journalists talk about truth.

For the Routledge Research in Journalism Series.

Over the past two decades with the rise of digital media, newspapers across Western democracies have been increasingly adopting new forms of online participatory journalism. During this time, 'below the line' comment spaces have grown to be one of the most popular forms of user-generated content. Comment spaces are thought to perform a multitude of functions. However, much has been made about their potential as spaces for public debate that could act as a new form of the public sphere where journalists can hear from, and directly engage with, their readers. Survey and interview research has suggested that some journalists do read, and sometimes engage in, comment sections. However, no study has systematically analysed how journalists actually engage in comment spaces; what factors shape such engagement; and how this has evolved over time. In this chapter, we begin to fill in these gaps by investigating how Guardian journalists behave below the line. Our research, which draws upon a multi-method approach and longitudinal research dataset, included a manual content analysis of all comments made (2006-17) by 26 journalists (n= 5448) and 18 semi-structured interviews conducted in two phases (13 in 2012 and 5 repeated in 2017-18). Our chapter sheds light on how journalists behave below the line and what this might mean for journalism practice in the digital age.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to extensively report the implications of the global trend of declining fertility rates and an increasingly ageing population. The experiences of childless men are mostly absent from gerontological, psychological, reproduction, and sociological, research. These disciplines have mainly focussed on family formation and practices, whilst the fertility intentions, history, and experience of men have been overlooked. Not fulfilling the dominant social status of parenthood provides a significant challenge to both individual and cultural identity. Distress levels in both infertile men and women have been recorded as high as those with grave medical conditions. Design/methodology/approach The aim of this paper is to provide some insight into the affect involuntarily childless has on the lives of older men. This auto/biographical qualitative study used a pluralistic framework drawn from the biographical, feminist, gerontological, and life course approaches. Data were gathered from in-depth semi-structured biographical interviews with 14 self-defined involuntary men aged between 49 and 82 years from across the UK. A broad thematic analysis highlighted the complex intersections between involuntary childlessness and agency, biology, relationships, and socio-cultural structures. Findings Diverse elements affected the men’s involuntary childlessness: upbringing, economics, timing of events, interpersonal skills, sexual orientation, partner selection, relationship formation and dissolution, bereavement, and the assumption of fertility. The importance of relationship quality was highlighted for all the men: with and without partners. Quality of life was affected by health, relationships, and social networks. Awareness of “outsiderness” and a fear of being viewed a paedophile were widely reported. Research limitations/implications This is a study based on a small self-selecting “fortuitous” sample. Consequently care should be taken in applying the findings to the wider population. Originality/value Health and social care policy, practice and research have tended to focus on family and women. The ageing childless are absent and excluded from policy, practice, and research. Recognition of those ageing without children or family is urgent given that it is predicted that there will be over two million childless people aged 65 and over by 2030 (approximately 25 per cent of the 65 and over population). The consequences for health and social care of individuals and organisations are catastrophic if this does not happen.

This project aims to give a simple and multi-layered presentation of the Muslim minority of Western Thrace and the relation between the Orthodox and the Muslim communities of Western Thrace. It was first observed that in Komotini, although it is a peaceful environment, the communities hardly interact socially and there seems to be concealed feelings of mistrust between them, expressed by the fact that this is a sensitive topic of discussion among the communities. Subsequently, the history and current issues of the region and the relation between the communities were studied in depth in order to identify the reasons behind the sensitive nature of the topic. Moreover, in order to get some more concrete information, the point of view of the locals was examined.

Often, in spite of having the right set of qualifications, technical skills and experiences, certain candidates fails to impress the interviewers during job-interviews. There is no denying of the fact that when it comes to finally secure a job; almost everything depends upon the candidate’s performance during the interview process. Therefore, besides recognizing the importance of interviews; it is also widely believed that with proper understanding, preparation and practice, a person’s interview skills and employability can be greatly enhanced. With this objective, this article brings forth a valuable compilation of 25 important interview questions and suggestions for their effective answering. Most of the questions selected here are basically collected and shortlisted through a process of focus group discussion. The questions are general and contemporary in nature and are mostly suitable for junior to middle-level management positions, across various private sector organizations in India.

Planning for a Baby:  https://youtu.be/2iwLh6XCnq8

Pregnancy with IBD: https://youtu.be/br0kciD8xJk

Motherhood with IBD: https://youtu.be/TQjt8pnMv4I


Our aim is to provide an understanding of the experience of women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who have made the transition to motherhood. A total of 22 mothers with IBD were recruited from around the United Kingdom. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and analyzed using thematic analysis. The central concept—Blurred Lines—offers a novel frame for understanding the transition to motherhood with IBD through identifying parallels between having IBD and becoming, and being, a mother. Parallels clustered into three main themes: Need for Readiness, Lifestyle Changes, and Monitoring Personal and Physical Development. Hence, women with IBD are in some ways well prepared for the challenges of motherhood even though, as a group, they tend to restrict their reproductive choices. We recommend health professionals initiate conversations about reproduction early and provide a multidisciplinary approach to pregnancy and IBD in which women have confidence that their ongoing treatment will be integrated successfully with their maternity care.

This study proposes that if regular interview-based investigation into the English language learning strategies is conducted, research into the interviewing process employed to gather that information itself is required.  This ’research into research’, or “revisiting” of the interviewing technique (Duranti 1997), has in the case of this study conducted in a Thai college setting entailed the use of a micro-analytic discourse approach in combination with localised assessment criteria of  interview data.  This assessment framework is referred to as “layers of insight”, drawing upon a combination of information from the interview content - learning strategies - and from the discourse of the interviews themselves.  The findings from the use of this new interpretative methodology have shown that better insights into regular learner strategies research can be gained if the interviewer becomes aware of recurring patterns of speech used from interview to interview and is able to interpret them with localised assessment criteria rather than anglo-centric norms.

Kirsten Martinus & Dave Hedgcock.  Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to highlight the difficulties faced during the interview process in a cross-national qualitative comparative case study between Japan and Australia. It discusses the challenges in producing insightful data and preserving the integrity of findings when methodologies are influenced by different cultural and professional environments.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper explores literature on cross-national qualitative research in the context of policy research as well as the philosophical and professional differences between Japan and Western countries (like Australia). It reflects on practical examples and strategies used by the researcher during the ethics and interview processes when adapting widely accepted qualitative case study methodology to suit the Japanese cultural and professional environment.

Findings
– The paper finds that linguistic, cultural, professional and philosophical differences between the countries challenged initial researcher assumptions that comparability between the case study regions would be maintained through the application of accepted methodologies and an “insider” status. It observes that the quest to generate rich and insightful data places the character and capability of the researcher as central in the research process.

Originality/value
– This paper provides practical examples and strategies for social science researchers using interview methods in Japan and Australian. It points to a need for further research on the ambiguous and elusive nature of the “insider” paradigm as well as the “comparability” of cross-national qualitative case studies when methodological “flexibility” is used to enrich and preserve the integrity of research findings.

This paper seeks three principal things: to reveal something of the enigma that was Henri Lefebvre, to problematise some of the popular claims regarding the utility of his work for empirical research and to provide insights into his research philosophy and methodology. While light is shed on some of the enigmas, others remain mysterious and that is considered appropriate. The importance of Lefebvre's metaphorical and actual journey from the rural to the urban is emphasised. A crucial aspect of the paper is the engagement with Lefebvre's attempts to make sense of this journey by elaborating his approach to theoretical and empirical issues. The paper explores how key concept of transduction is related intimately to the production of space, right to the city, planetary urbanisation and the urban society. In closing the paper highlights the challenge of the possible-impossible in the midst of capitalist neoliberal abstract space.

Samenvatting
Het Leerkracht Relatie Interview is een semi-gestructureerd interview dat relatieproblemen tussen individuele leerlingen en hun leerkrachten op een gedetailleerde wijze in kaart brengt. Aan de hand van een casus van een leerkracht en een leerling met een diagnose Autisme Spectrum Stoornis wordt uitgelegd hoe het Leerkracht Relatie Interview kan bijdragen aan handelingsgerichte diagnostiek.


Summary
The Teacher Relationship Interview is a semi-structured interview that provides an in-depth evaluation of relationship problems between individual students and their teachers. Based on a descriptive case report of a teacher and a student diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder, it is explained how the Teacher Relationship Interview can make a contribution to needs-based psycho-diagnostic assessment.

The present research aims to explore perception of Hong Kong employees towards workplace counseling and workplace counselors. This preliminary exploration adopted a qualitative approach. Two individual face-to-face and semi-structured interviews were conducted, and thematic analysis was used for data analysis. The interviewees showed very little knowledge about workplace counseling, but had concerned about confidentiality and workplace counselors’ independency and neutrality.  Furthermore, they preferred workplace counselors to be well familiar with internal operations, business management and organizational culture. This study suggests that workplace counseling at a strategic level may play a pioneer role for developing caring organizational culture. Further, it spells out the interaction of workplace counseling and healthy workplace. The discussion may enrich publicawareness about how counseling at work can help both staff and organizational development to cope with workplace challenges and life difficulties. The study also discussed on workplace counseling and work-life-balance that may contribute to not only healthy workplace but also a healthy society.

Framed by expectancy violation theory, this study used joint interviews to explore why couples create communication rules for their technology use and what happens if the expectation is violated. Participants’ (n = 36) narratives were analyzed through four coding cycles: in vivo, initial, value, and focused coding. Interviews with romantic couples resulted in three themes: rules are performative, rules reduce conflict, and rules guide modality weaving. During an expectation violation, findings revealed that the magnitude of the violation is first determined by the violator defending their behavior. Then, based on the appraisal process, the couple reframes the rule to better work for their future interactions. Key findings conclude that rules are not rigid; they are fluid and develop naturally over time. This research adds to the literature about how mediated communication transforms the dynamics of romantic relationships as couples explicitly and implicitly create communication rules to help maintain their partnership.

(From the back cover) Looking for a practical, comprehensive overview of qualitative research methods? Want to know the best approach to take for you and your research project?

Analysing Qualitative Data in Psychology takes you through five different qualitative approaches - thematic analysis, interpretative phenomenological analysis, grounded theory, narrative analysis and discourse analysis. Applying them all to a common data set, this book gives you step-by-step guidance on each approach and helps you work out which is the right one for you.

Plus, with a whole new part on qualitative data collection - including chapters on interviewing, social media data and visual methodologies - and an extensive set of online resources, this new edition is the ultimate resource for students engaged in qualitative psychological research or studying methods at any level.

https://uk.sagepub.com/en-gb/eur/analysing-qualitative-data-in-psychology/book268665

Wouldn't it be great if you knew exactly what a hiring manager would be asking you in your next interview?

While we unfortunately can't read minds, we'll give you the next best thing: a list of the 31 most commonly asked interview questions and answers.

While we don't recommend having a canned response for every interview question (in fact, please don't), we do recommend spending some time getting comfortable with what you might be asked, what hiring managers are really looking for in your responses, and what it takes to show that you're the right man or woman for the job.

Consider this your interview study guide.

What are semi-structured interviews? How can they be used in political science? In this article, I discuss the main defining aspects of in-depth interviews as qualitative data collection techniques focused on understanding the emotions, beliefs, perceptions, motivations, and attitudes of individuals. Specifically, I deal with the combination of structure and flexibility present in semi-structured interviews and discuss the consequences of this for the validity and reliability of the collected data. Next, I present a practical guide to the application of this method in political science. I discuss the main stages of the use of semi-structured interviews, from theory to data analysis, bringing practical examples and permeating relevant discussions in the area, such as the debate between quantitative and qualitative traditions and the need for transparency in the application of interviews and qualitative research in general. The expectation is to offer introductory content to students and researchers in the area and, thus, contribute to advance in formal training and rigorous use of qualitative techniques, both still incipient in Brazil.

T . ( 2 0 0 1 ) Journal of Advanced Nursing 35(6), 827±835 Nursing the patient with severe communication impairment Background. Effective communication with patients is critical to effective nursing practice. Surprisingly, there is little information on nurses' experiences in caring for patients who are unable to speak. Purpose and method. This study provides descriptive information from interviews with 20 nurses who cared for patients with severe communication impairment. The interview protocol explored positive and negative experiences of nursing patients with severe communication impairment. Frequency counts and descriptive analyses were conducted to identify the major themes emerging from the interviews. Results. The results suggest that nurse±patient communication is dif®cult when the patient has severe communication impairment, although some nurses discovered effective strategies to facilitate communication with such patients. Many of the dif®culties could be viewed as a breakdown in understanding arising from the lack of a readily interpretable communication system that could be used by nurse and patient.

h i g h l i g h t s Studies on instructors' difficulties in teaching students with disabilities are limited. This qualitative study employs interviews to explore science instructors' barriers. The study reports first-order (external) and second-order (internal) barriers. Complex interactions between first-order and second-order barriers are discussed. The need for effective professional development models is highlighted.

This thesis examines the ways in which political journalists in the USA and UK talk about issues of truth and power as it relates to journalism’s role as the Fourth Estate. The theoretical basis comes from a critique of the two major structures underpinning the Fourth Estate, that of epistemology (the study of truth) and ideology (broadly, the study of power and ideas). This involves unpacking and critically examining the ability of news media to convey ‘true’ information and the ideological formations in which the news media production practice is situated. The epistemological theories of Realism, Pragmatism, Antirealism and Hyperrealism will first be elucidated in an in-depth theoretical discussion, focusing on the contributions of Baudrillard. Four major theories of ideology, that of personal ideological bias, chaos, control, and ideology as fetishistic disavowal will be examined, this time focusing on the work of Žižek.
This theoretical discussion is complimented by an analysis of interview questions relating to epistemological concerns and to ideology. The empirical data consists of twenty interviews conducted with political correspondents in the USA and UK. A version of critical discourse analysis is used to examine the ways in which journalists talk about the issues raised by the questions, what is termed their ‘discursive strategies.’ The categories for analysis are grounded in the discursive strategies used by the journalists themselves, examined to elaborate not simply the explicit content, but the deeper implicit meanings inherent in the way they answer.
This provided both an original theoretical discussion and an original set of empirically-derived data. It also allows us to further understand the role of journalism as the Fourth Estate, the types of ‘truth’ it brings to us, the types of ideologies that underpin the news production process via news media professionals, and how the system is maintained despite its inherent contradictions.

This study focuses on the issue of social exclusion in British tennis. It commences with a critique of current LTA policy, presenting exclusion as static, ahistorical and underpinned by false dichotomies of age and social class. Aspects of Norbert Elias’s theoretical approach are employed throughout as an analytical framework. Initially, the roots of exclusion in British tennis are sought through historical analysis. Aspects of the Civilising Process help direct attention towards wider social processes to explain the prevalence of exclusion, particularly in tennis clubs. Cost was a crucial factor in determining early access, but as tennis became more accessible to lower classes, codes of behavioural etiquette helped demarcate members along status lines. Into the mid-20th century, the globalisation, professionalisation and commercialisation of tennis pushed the LTA to adopt a more performance-oriented outlook, but this has come to oppose the more relaxed culture of tennis clubs. Thus, a power struggle emerged between these two institutions, and, underpinned by thirty interviews with leading figures in British tennis as well as extensive documentary analysis, the third section documents these developments from the 1980s. Crucially, tennis clubs remain largely amateur and voluntary-run organisations, yet are important locations for the implementation of the LTA’s demanding talent development objectives. These recent developments are understood with the help of Elias’s Game Models theory. The fourth section presents findings from a ten-month ethnographic study of social exclusion in a tennis club; a micro-analysis of club member relations underpinned by Elias’s Established-Outsider Relations theory. Overall findings suggest that social exclusion in British tennis is far more complex, multi-faceted and historically-rooted than what current LTA discourse presents. Differences in age and class are less central, and instead preconceived notions of social status based on longevity of membership, adherence to behavioural norms and playing standard are powerful determinants of inclusion.

Present day parents have become accustomed to regularly posting information and disclosing details about their children on social media, i.e. engaging in sharenting. Although many parents value the practice as it not only enables to involve distant family members and friends in the growing up of the children, but has also become a practice for collecting precious memories receiving social support and sharing one's parenting dilemmas; sharenting has still gained quite a negative public image. The current article aims to highlight some of the most dominant concerns that scholars have voiced when talking about the dark sides of sharenting-the emergence of a datafied child, loss of privacy and a potential distress the practices of sharenting might cause to the parent-child relationship.

Heteronormative and gender hierarchical organization of economic, legal, and family life intersect to marginalize the lesbian community in South Korea. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) and women’s rights movements achieved some gains after democratic transition in the 1990s, but anti-LGBTQ activists target lesbians with harassment and violence. How do lesbians build networks and safe space under these conditions? How do they balance competing needs for visibility and safety? Drawing on 16 months of participant observation and ethnographic interviews, I analyze the relationship between lesbian community growth and safety practices. My intersectional approach examines the heterosexist context in which lesbian social spaces are maintained, and relations of power among LGBTQ, feminist, and anti-LGBTQ groups. Under threat of intersectional violence, lesbian social entrepreneurs withhold information, screen members and rely on spatial tactics to hide in plain sight, prioritizing safety over visibility. Finally, I discuss how some community members marginalized by these safety practices gain access to lesbian spaces.

The aim of this study was to investigate how individuals;who had been victims of school bullying;perceived their bullying experiences and how these had affected them;and to generate a grounded theory of being a victim of bullying at school. Twenty-one individuals;who all had prior experiences of being bullied in school for more than one year;were interviewed. Qualitative analysis of data was performed by methods from grounded theory. The research identified a basic process of victimising in school bullying;which consisted of four phases: (a) initial attacks;(b) double victimising;(c) bullying exit and (d) after-effects of bullying. Double victimising refers to a process in which there was an interplay between external victimising and internal victimising. Acts of harassment were repeatedly directed at the victims from their social environment at school – a social process that constructed and repeatedly confirmed their victim role in the class or the group. This external victimising affected the victims and initiated an internal victimising;which meant that they internalised the socially constructed victim-image and acted upon this image;which in turn often supported the bullies’ agenda and confirmed the socially constructed victim-image. The findings also indicate the possible positive effect of changing the social environment.

Master thesis about the perceptions of multilingual students at Ghent University. This paper investigates whether the students valorize their multilingualism positively or negatively, whether they  experience difficulties with the academic Dutch language drawing on six semi-structured interviews.

Building Information Modeling/Management (BIM) is an emerging technological and procedural shift within the AEC industry. In this paper, we describe how we used interviews, case studies and action research to collect information on how implementation of BIM is made in architecture firms. Hypotheses on what facilitates BIM implementation in these firms are drawn.