Text Input

In this study, I extended input methods for the Japanese language to Egyptian hieroglyphics. There are several systems that capable of inputting Egyptian hieroglyphic writing. However, they do not allow us to directly input hieroglyphs, for instance, into MS Word. The new Egyptian hieroglyphic input system being reported here, developed using technology used for inputting Japanese writing, is quite unique and allows the direct input of hieroglyphs, for example, into MS Word. Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs and the Japanese writing system (with its mixture of hiragana, katakana and kanji) share basic graphemic characteristics. For instance, Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic logograms are functionally similar to Japanese kanji logograms (Chinese characters), whereas Egyptian hieroglyphic phonograms are functionally similar to Japanese hiragana and katakana syllabic phonograms. The input technology for Japanese makes it possible to input a mixture of logograms and phonograms, and phonetic complements. This technology is a well-organized and handy tool to input Japanese writing into computers, having been used by over 100 million people. I applied this technology to Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic inputting and created a new intuitive hieroglyphic inputting system using Google Japanese Input. Using this method, anyone can directly write Egyptian hieroglyphic writing into software like MS Word. If the transcription of an ancient Egyptian word is entered, the correct hieroglyphs are generated by this system. If there are multiple options for any phonemic combinations that use other combinations of phonetic complements or determinatives, a dropdown window with a list of several combinations of glyphs appears and the user can choose the desired combination.

The paper describes Sanskrit Analysis System (SAS) – a complete analysis system for Sanskrit. Some modules of this system have already been developed. The system accepts full text inputs in Devanāgarī Unicode (UTF-8). The sandhi module does the segmenting for complex tokens and then hands over the text for detailed processing. Currently, the SAS modules have independent interfaces for unit testing at http://sanskrit.jnu.ac.in. The authors are working on the integration process of these modules. The SAS has two major components - the shallow parser and the k(raka analyzer. The shallow parser has separate modules, some of them are partially implemented, and some of them are in the process of being implemented. The modules have been developed as java servlet in unicode using RDMBS techniques. The applications of the SAS will be many ranging from being a Sanskrit reading assistant to machine translation system from Sanskrit to other languages.

The paper describes the idea of touchless virtual keyboard designed for disabled people with tetraparesis. Each key can be selected by three double eye blinks registered by EMG sensor. EEG signals are used as a support that allows the user to change the input mode of single characters to the mode of predicted words selection. The keyboard was implemented and evaluated during provided experiments. Obtained result (WPM=1.11) partially confirms the calculated typing speed (WPM=1.23). It is also found that the keyboard efficiency can be improved by using a list of predicted words, even the number of those words is low and they are short (WPM=1.27). Provided discuss presents that improved keyboard used by experienced users could achieve the typing efficiency even up to WPM=3.15.

We have conducted interviews with 22 users of three multi- device services, email and two web communities, to explore practices, benefits, and problems with using services both from desktop computers and mobile devices. Participants reported different usage patterns on different devices, offering support for adapting services to the capabilities of devices. The most common usage problems reported concerned text input

Nowadays cell phone is the most common communicating used by mass people. SMS based communication is a cheap and popular communication method. It is human tendency to have the opportunity to write SMS in their mother language. Text input in mother language is more flexible when the alphabets of that language are printed on the keypad. Bangla mobile keypad based on phonetics has been proposed earlier. But the keypad is not scientific from frequency and flexibility point of view. Since it is not a feasible solution in this paper we have proposed an efficient Bengali keypad for cell phone and other cellular device. The proposed keypad is based on the frequency of the alphabets in Bengali language and also with the view of structure of human finger movements. We took the two points in count to provide a flexible and fast cell phone keypad.

Nowadays cell phone is the most common communicating used by mass people. SMS based communication is a cheap and popular communication method. It is human tendency to have the opportunity to write SMS in their mother language. Text input in mother language is more flexible when the alphabets of that language are printed on the keypad. Bangla mobile keypad based

A text-to-speech (TTS) synthesizer aims to produce speech from the corresponding text input. For Indonesian language, IndoTTS, eSpeak, and text-to-speech on Google Translate are available and widely used among the Indonesian. In this study, we evaluated those systems and conducted semantically unpredictable sentences (SUS) test. SUS test results showed that the intelligibility of those systems needs further improvement.

Summary The rendering of Sanskrit poetry from text to speech is a problem that has not been solved before. One reason may be the complications in the language itself. We present unique algorithms based on extensive empirical analysis, to synthesize speech from a given text input of Sanskrit verses. Using a pre- recorded audio units database which is itself tremendously

The paper introduces an application using computer vision for letter hand gesture recognition. A digital camera records a video stream of hand gestures. The hand is automatically segmented, the position of the hand centroid is calculated in each frame, and a trajectory of the hand is determined. After smoothing the trajectory, a sequence of angles of motion along the trajectory is calculated and quantized to form a discrete observation sequence. Hidden Markov models (HMMs) are used to recognize the letters. Baum Welch and Viterbi path counting algorithms are applied for training the HMMs. Our system recognizes all 26 letters from A to Z and the database contains 30 example videos of each letter gesture. We achieve an average recognition rate of about 90 percent. A motivation for the development of this system is to provide an alternate text input mechanism for camera enabled handheld devices, such as video mobile phones and PDAs.

The development of shorthand handwriting recognition for pen-centric interfaces can provide the critical infrastructure for natural pen-centric interactions to enhance many pen-centric learning applications. The technical innovations include chatroom and special-symbol shorthand as well as appropriate online handwriting recognition strategies for small form-factor devices. Famous writers throughout history have preferred and effectively used shorthand - Cicero's orations, Martin Luther's sermons, and Shakespeare's and George Bernard Shaw's plays were all written in a style of shorthand. Pen-centric shorthand innovations will provide faster text input for teaching, studying, and learning applications, providing the greatest impact on the utility of applications running on small mobile devices.

In most virtual reality applications, both three dimensional operation such as user navigation and object manipulation and text input such as programming, writing annotations and chat communication are important activities. However, most previous studies have proposed limited techniques for either text input or three dimensional operation. It is desirable to be able to directly operate a virtual object and input text in a virtual environment for working efficiency. In this paper, we propose a seamless input technique for user navigation and text input in an immersive virtual environment and develop an input device. The proposed input device can be attached on palms in order not to restrict hand motion. Our device enables a user to input text easily and speedily, because each button is assigned to each finger. Moreover, our device contains 6DOF trackers for three dimensional operation. Experimental results show that our prototype is faster to input text than existing methods.

We investigate the deployment possibilities of speech enabled services in a Web based e-learning environment. The integration of speech technology is realized with a client/server architecture. Therefore, the services speech synthesis, speech recognition, and speaker verification are installed at a central SpeechServer. The client uses a Java applet (SpeechApplet), which is integrated in an HTML page. It takes the user's input (e.g. speech or text input) and activates the according service at the SpeechServer. The SpeechApplet is easy to integrate into existing Web pages and aims at a simple JavaScript interface for communication between the Web page and the applet. In this paper we introduce this system, explain different modules, and discuss first evaluation results of these technologies.

The EUTRANS project, aims at developing Machine Translation systems for limited domain applications. These systems accept speech and text input, and are trained using an example based approach. The translation model used in this project is the Subsequential Transducer, which is easily integrable in conventional speech recognition systems. In addition, Subsequential Transducers can be automatically learned from corpora. This paper describes the use of categories for improving the EUTRANS translation systems. Experimental results with the task defined in the project show that this approach reduces the number of examples required for achieving good models. 1 I n t r o d u c t i o n The EUTRANS project 1 (Amengual et al., 1996a), funded by the European Union, aims at developing Machine Translation systems for limited domain applications. These systems accept speech and text input, and are trained using an example based approach. The translation model used in this project is the Subseque...

In recent years, there are huge developments in Information and Communication Technology (ICT). ICT in present form has offered to interact with the computing system in users own language. But, there are several challenges to be addressed to achieve the full advantages of ICT. One of the biggest issue is standard text input mechanism. In practice, the text input mechanism

Information cannot be found if it is not recorded. Existing rich graphical application approaches interfere with user input in many ways, forcing complex interactions to enter simple information, requiring complex cognition to decide where the data should be stored, and limiting the kind of information that can be entered to what can fit into specific applications' data models. Freeform text entry suffers from none of these limitations but produces data that is hard to retrieve or visualize. We describe the design and ...

Speech recognition technologies have come a long way in the past generation. Indeed, they are becoming ever more pervasive in our day-to-day lives, especially in the form of voice-activated menus so prevalent in many automated answering systems. However, speech technologies are still of limited usefulness for large-vocabulary speaker-independent applications in noisy environments, especially where relatively limited computing resources are available as in present-day personal digital assistants (PDAs). ...

ABSTRACT During reading, the model of the situation described by the text is continuously accommodated to new text input. The hypothesis was tested that readers are particularly sensitive to diagnostic text information that can be used to constrain their existing situation model. In 3 experiments, adult participants read narratives about social situations that were ambiguous in terms of whether they involved 2 or 3 social cliques. Diagnostic text information enabling the reader to constrain the situation model to 1 of the 2 potential versions required longer reading times than non-diagnostic information, and fundamentally affected the structure of the situation model. Recognizing the diagnostic value of critical text information did not require additional working memory resources, but updating the situation model according to the diagnostic information did. This evidence may suggest that some of the situation model updating is occurring offline. The results are discussed with regard to working memory resources required in updating situation models.