Wetland Ecology

WEBINAR: PANTANAL - UMA DISCUSSÃO NECESSÁRIA
Abordagem: Discussão pertinente e atual sobre as queimadas no Pantanal Mato-Grossense, apontando a Política Florestal no Estado de Mato Grosso, o marco regulatório da Lei do Pantanal mato-grossense, bem como o cuidado necessário com os animais silvestres, socializando debates com a Sociedade, a Comunidade técnica, acadêmica, o setor empresarial, juristas e Instituições Organizacionais.

Programação - 08/10
09h00 - Solenidade de Abertura com a presença da Diretoria da OAB-MT
Dr. Leonardo Pio da Silva Campos - Presidente da OAB-MT
Dra. Gisela Alves Cardoso - Vice-Presidente da OAB-MT
Dr. Flávio José Ferreira - Secretário - Geral da OAB-MT
Dr. Fernando Augusto Vieira Figueiredo - Secretário Geral Adjunto da OAB-MT
Dr. Helmut Flávio Preza Daltro - Diretor Tesoureiro da OAB-MT
09h30 TEMA: O PANTANAL NA VISÃO CONSTITUCIONAL
Palestrante: Dr. Paulo de Bessa Antunes - È Sócio da Prática de Direito Ambiental do Tauil & Chequer Advogados. Antes de associar-se ao escritório, Paulo foi sócio do escritório boutique em direito ambiental Bessa, Homem de Carvalho & Gonçalves Advogados, foi Procurador Regional da República - Ministério Público Federal por trinta anos, presidente da Comissão Permanente de Direito Ambiental do Instituto dos Advogados Brasileiros e chefe de Assessoria Jurídica da Secretaria de Estado do Meio Ambiente do Estado do Rio de Janeiro.
10h00 - TEMA: QUEIMADAS NO PANTANAL: UMA VISÃO GERAL.
Palestrante: Dr. Leonardo Pio da Silva Campos - Presidente da OAB-MT.
10h30 - TEMA: TUTELA JURÍDICA CONSTITUCIONAL DO PANTANAL MATO-GROSSENSE E SEUS REFLEXOS NO ÂMBITO INFRACONSTITUCIONAL.
Palestrante: Dr. Celso Antonio Pacheco Fiorillo - Advogado especializado no âmbito do Direito empresarial, é o primeiro professor Livre - Docente em Direito Ambiental do Brasil sendo também Doutor e Mestre em Direito das Relações Sociais. Professor da Escola da Magistratura federal da 1ª Região.
Mediadora: Dra. Ana Carolina Barchet - Presidente da Comissão Nacional de Direito Ambiental da Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil.

1º PAINEL
14h00 - TEMA: AÇÕES DE COMBATE AS QUEIMADAS/ INCÊNDIOS NO PANTANAL MATO-GROSSENSE
Palestrante: Tenente-Coronel Dércio Santos da Silva - Tenente do Batalhão de Emergências Ambientais do Corpo de Bombeiros Militar de Mato Grosso; Coordenador Estadual de Gestão do Fogo – SEMA/MT; Corregedor Geral Adjunto; Diretor Adjunto de Segurança Contra Incêndio e Pânico; Diretor de Ensino, instrução e pesquisa do CBMMT; Diretor Adjunto de Ensino, Instrução e Pesquisa do CBMMT; Comandante do Batalhão de Emergências Ambientais do CBMMT.
14h30 - TEMA: AÇÕES DE COMBATE AS QUEIMADAS/ INCÊNDIOS NO PANTANAL SUL MATO-GROSSENSE.
Palestrante: Tenente-Coronel QOBM Waldemir Moreira Junior - Chefe do Centro de Proteção Ambiental do Corpo de Bombeiros Militar de Mato Grosso do Sul (CPA – CBMMS); Engenheiro de Incêndio e Pânico (CBMDF, 1998). Curso de Prevenção e Combate à Incêndios Florestais (Prevfogo/IBAMA, 2003). Curso de Perícia de Incêndios florestais (Prevfogo/IBAMA, 2006). Estágio de Operações no Pantanal (Exército Brasileiro, 2001). Curso Expedito de Operações no Pantanal (Marinha do Brasil, 2003). Curso de Busca e Salvamento (CBMCE, 2008).
15h00 - TEMA: AÇÕES DE COMBATE AS QUEIMADAS/ INCÊNDIOS NA ESFERA FEDERAL NO PANTANAL MATO-GROSSENSE.
Palestrante: Gibson Almeida Costa Junior - Superintendência do IBAMA em Mato Grosso (SUPES/MT).
Mediadora: Dra. Renata Silva - Presidente da Comissão do Meio Ambiente da OAB-MT.

2° PAINEL.
16h00 - TEMA: LEGISLAÇÃO DO PANTANAL SUL MATO-GROSSENSE: A PRÁTICA DA PECUÁRIA E A SUSTENTABILIDADE.
Palestrante: Dr. Pedro Putini Mendes - Advogado, consultor jurídico e professor nas áreas de Direito Agrário, Ambiental e Políticas Públicas para o Agronegócio. Doutorando em Planejamento Territorial e Desenvolvimento Socioambiental pela Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Mestre em Desenvolvimento Local pela Universidade Católica Dom Bosco. Organizador e coautor de livros de direito. Foi presidente da Comissão de Assuntos Agrários e Agronegócio da OAB/MS e membro da Comissão do Meio Ambiente da OAB/MS entre 2013/2015. É Membro Consultivo da Comissão de Direito Ambiental e da Comissão de Direito Agrário e do Agronegócio da OAB/SC.
16h30 - TEMA: LEGISLAÇÃO DO PANTANAL MATO-GROSSENSE: LIMPEZA DE PASTAGEM E CADASTRAMENTO AMBIENTAL RURAL.
Palestrante: Vicente Falcão de Arruda Filho - Secretario Extraordinário de Estado de Apoio e Acompanhamento às Políticas Ambientais e Fundiárias, período de 18/12/2009 até 31/12/2010; Secretario Adjunto de Estado de Politicas e Programas de Governo, período de 01 de janeiro de 2011 até 01 de agosto de 2011; Secretário de Estado de Meio Ambiente, período de 31 de agosto de 2011 até 31 de dezembro de 2012; Superintendente Executivo do Instituto Ação Verde, período de 01 de junho de 2014 até 31 de agosto de 2018; Secretario Adjunto de Estado de Gestão Ambiental – SEMA, período de 01 de setembro de 2018 até 31 de dezembro de 2018; Superintendente Executivo do Instituto Ação Verde.
17h00 - AS IMPLICAÇÕES DAS QUEIMADAS NA FAUNA SILVESTRE PANTANEIRA
Palestrante: Dr. Werner Grau Neto - Sócio em Pinheiro Neto Advogados, formado em Direito pela USP. Especialista em Direito Ambiental pela Faculdade de Saúde Pública/Faculdade de Direito da USF. Mestre em Direito Internacional - Concentração em ambiental - pela USP. Doutor em Direito Tributário.
Mediadora: Dra. Glaucia Amaral - Presidente da Comissão de Direitos dos Animais da OAB-MT.
Mediador: Dr. Fabrício Renann Pastro Pavan - Vice-presidente da Comissão de Meio Ambiente da OAB-MT e Secretário-Geral Adjunto da Caixa de Assistência dos Advogados (CAA-MT).
18h00 - Encerramento.

Sobre o autor do curso:
Organização:
Comissão de Meio Ambiente da OAB-MT.
Comissão Nacional de Meio Ambiente (OAB/Nacional).
Comissão de Defesa dos Direitos dos Animais da OAB-MT.

We applied two recent approaches largely used in biological conservation: Threat Analysis (TAN) and Threat Reduction Assessments (TRAs), assessing the effectiveness of a project focused on two water-related bird species (common tern, Sterna hirundo and little tern, Sternula albifrons), commonly breeding in some wetlands of Italy. We used the IUCN standardized lexicon for the classification of threats, utilizing a panel of experts to assess a set of regime attributes (extent, severity and magnitude) of each human-induced disturbance. Our aims were: (i) through the TAN approach, to carry out an arrangement and quantification of the main threats acting on our focal species and select the priority ones; (ii) through the TRA approach, to test the effectiveness of an operational project focused on mitigating the threats and improving the breeding success of species (i.e., building rafts and floating islands to encourage their nesting). Using the TAN approach, experts identified the following human-induced threats (IUCN code): 6.1-Generic disturbance; 7.2-Water stress; 7.3-Salinization; 8.8-Vagrant dogs; 8.8-Mediterranean gulls; 8.8-Wild boars, all significantly different in their magnitude. Among them, wild boars and Mediterranean gulls appeared the priority threats with the greatest extent, intensity and magnitude. Using the TRA approach, after the project, we assessed an overall decrease in the threat magnitude of 23.08% (21.42% when considering only the threats directly affected by our project). These data suggest that further efforts should be devoted to achieving greater effectiveness of conservation actions focused on our target species. With limited time and resources to quantify threats, expert-based approaches could be useful for rapidly assessing the effectiveness of small conservation projects by providing a range of scores obtained following an analytical procedure. In this regard, Threat Analysis and Threat Reduction Assessment could be considered useful tools to support adaptive management in project management cycles.

The Ouachita River is 605 miles long and hosts an impressive amount of biodiversity within its waters and on its shores. Twenty-three aquatic animals are endemic in the Ouachita river and lake systems (Nature Conservancy, 2013). Coffee Creek and Mossy Lake are tributaries of the Ouachita River that have become contaminated with paper mill waste from the Georgia Pacific paper mill plant in Crossett, Arkansas. The ecosystems and biodiversity are severely threatened by the toxic runoff from the paper plant, many of which host endemic species that forage, nest and breed in the tainted watershed. One risk associated with contaminated habitats is the potential for bottleneck effects within both the aquatic and terrestrial life systems of these freshwater ecosystems. Additionally, reduced genetic diversity, mutations, decreased population density and population extirpation are some of the deleterious effects facing the biodiversity in water bodies contaminated by anthropogenic sources like the Georgia Pacific paper mill. Industrial pollution has become a serious concern for this and almost every waterway in the United States due to decades of unmonitored, corporate waste disposal.


    Keywords: biodiversity, watershed pollution, river pollution, wetland pollution

Wetlands are unique, productive ecosystems where terrestrial and aquatic habitats meet. Wetlands play a critical role in maintaining many natural cycles and supporting a wide range of biodiversity. Wetlands can also contribute to the wellbeing of the community by acting as urban green spaces which provide aesthetic appeal, landscape diversity and recreational opportunities. Globally wetlands are under threat due to altered hydrology, destruction of vegetation, fragmentation, dumping of waste, being drained and other anthropogenic reasons. Wetlands provide numerous ecological goods and services but are under tremendous stress due to rapid urbanization, industrialization and agricultural intensification. An inventory of wetlands of any region is a prerequisite for their conservation and management. One of the aims of monitoring is to provide information for ecological assessment, which can provide early warning of changes that could negatively affect species or ecosystems.

Climate change, a timely topic, cannot be understood solely by analyzing modern-day ecosystems. Sediment stratigraphy from tidal marshes is an important source of paleoecological data, as these ecosystems experience high rates of deposition and preserve organic material well. Although Hudson River Valley marshes have been extensively researched, work has focused on the four areas protected by the Hudson
River National Estuarine Research Reserve (HRNERR). The marshlands of Haverstraw in Rockland County are comparable to the HRNERR sites in their capacity for biodiversity, carbon sequestration, and other important ecological functions. They are, however, understudied. This study uses loss-on-ignition and macrofossil analysis in combination with X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy to construct a high-resolution
paleoenvironmental record. Biotic and geochemical zones have been identified and correlated with archaeological and historical data to assess the influence of anthropogenic activity in the area. The organic:inorganic maxima evidenced likely correspond to a preindustrial period, characterized by burning events associated with increasing populations and concentrated settlement, as well as agricultural practices. Invasive species are prevalent, but certain key native species, notably Acorus americanus (American Sweet Flag), persist today. Exponential increases in heavy metal concentrations likely result from industry in the area but have declined following cessation of this activity and introduction of unleaded gasoline. Understanding historical human impacts is vital for predicting the ramifications of future development as well as establishing protocols for conservation and restoration.

This research work evaluates the impact of stormwater infiltration on the removal of organics, solids, nitrogen and phosphorus in a LECA-based horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland. Stormwater runoff for the period between January 2008 and June 2010 (30 months) was estimated for the drainage basin of the Vila Fernando wastewater treatment plant (constructed wetland system) and it was observed proportionality between the increase in surface runoff and the infiltration flow rate that reached the plant. The average stormwater infiltration rate that reached the plant was 67.4 m(3) d(-1) (77% of the influent flow rate into the plant). The 30 month monitoring campaign set up at one of the reed beds showed that stormwater infiltration led to a high variation of the hydraulic loading rate (HLR) throughout the bed, which affected its performance in the removal of organic matter, suspended solids and nitrogen. For a HLR below 20 cm d-1 the removal efficiencies for BOD5, COD and TSS doubled. The removal of nitrogen was too low and was associated with the weak development of nitrifying biofilm and the poor growth of reeds. However, it was observed a good relationship between the applied and removed loads for most of the parameters, which seems to indicate that the organic, solid, nitrogen and phosphorus loading rates influenced the respective removal rates. The use of a bed material with high specific surface area, such as LECA, can only improve the treatment capacity of horizontal subsurface flow systems if the organic and solid loading rates, as well as the HLR, can be effectively controlled.

Wetland restoration is increasingly important to reverse habitat degradation, recover ecosystem services, and maintain biodiversity. To aid project design, more information is required on the influence of wetland size, depth of water, and isolation on the waterbird communities that become established. During a restoration project in Doñana, one of the Europe's most important wetland complexes, an experimental network of 96 temporary ponds with standard shape but variable size, water depth, and isolation was created. We surveyed the waterbird community in spring from 2006 to 2008 and related species abundance and richness to abiotic pond characteristics. We also performed analyses pooling species by foraging guilds or body size. Waterbird abundance and species richness were highest in 2007, the wettest year when the ponds had longer hydroperiods. Larger ponds had consistently higher abundance and species richness for the entire community and for different guilds and body sizes. Moreover, the density of birds per hectare was higher in large ponds than in the smaller ones. Pond isolation and excavated depth did not affect overall abundance and richness, although opposing effects of depth were observed on some size classes, and ducks and large birds preferred isolated ponds. Some bird groups preferred ponds at a particular location. This is the first waterbird study to address the importance of pond size, depth, and isolation independently of confounding variables such as pond shape. It illustrates the varied responses from different bird groups and demonstrates the importance of varying depth, location, and isolation to enhance community abundance and diversity.

Le lac Sidi M'hamed Benali est un site stratégique du point de vue environnemental, touristique et socio-économique. Plusieurs études sont menées à son profit : granulométrie, évaluation de la qualité de son eau, inventaire faunistique, planctonique et floristique. Différents secteurs ont proposé des plans de gestion et d'aménagement du site selon l'importance de l'objectif à atteindre. La collecte des données (2002-2010) a permis de structurer les informations à l'aide d'un S.I.G. prêtant usage au logiciel MapInfo version 8.0. De ce fait, on a pu mettre en place une base de données facile à manipuler et créer une carte synthétique à la disposition des utilisateurs en vue d'un développement durable de cet habitat unique dans la région de Sidi bel abbès. Toutefois, la nécessité d'une contribution de la part des autorités et de la société civile est recommandée pour l'entretien et la conservation du lac au profit de la nature et des générations futures. Mots clés: Lac M'hamed Benali, biodiversité, SIG, base de données, aménagement touristique. Le lac Sidi Mohamed Benali, est considéré comme l'une des plus importantes réserves naturelles de la wilaya. Vu son rôle et son impact à l'échelle régionale, en matière d'écologie et de loisirs, il doit être considéré comme une importante réserve naturelle à protéger et à développer Matériel et méthodes Résultats Conclusion Le diagnostic environnemental du lac révèle que les sédiments sont sablono-argileux, l'eau contient quelques germes et éléments minéraux et organiques de quantités variables et il possède une richesse biologique considérable. L'application d'un SIG nous a permis l'élaboration d'une base de données accompagnée de la carte synthétique bio sédimentaire pour un suivi, une mise à jour, une prise de décision du milieu. Ainsi, cette base de données est accessible aux utilisateurs.

Baropal wetland is situated near to the Baropal village, Pilibanga tehsil of Hanumangarh District in Rajasthan state (29 0 22' 10" North, 74 0 05' 48" East) and comes under the Ghaggar river floodplain. Baropal wetland is a recently and naturally originated water body, presumably recharged by the seepage water of Ghaggar river and Indira Gandhi Canal Project (IGNP). It is a real example of rapid succession and species aggregation in the barren land and has been established as a rich biodiversity amphitheatre within the semi-desert region. The vegetation cover of Baropal wetland stretch has changed into Xerophytic to Mesophytic and Hydrophytic. As, it has established enormous plant and animal communities in a short period, in the present picture, the plant communities of Baropal wetland are much productive to support enough food and habitat to a variety of organisms. Unfortunately, Baropal wetland has not received any ecological attention despite being a water body and always ignored due to the inadequacy in the number of the well-established local researchers. Its beauty has always been superimposed by the fascinating archaeological sites which are present in the same locality (Ghaggar floodplain) and by the Ghaggar and Saraswati debate.

ECOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS AND EVALUATION OF BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES IN LAKE AYATA (OUED RIGH VALLEY: NORTHERN ALGERIAN SAHARA).
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ABSTRACT: Ayata Lake (155 ha) belongs to the complex of wetlands of Oued Righ Valley in Algerian Lower-Sahara. This study conducted between October 2009 and June 2010 has allowed a bioecological characterization of both biotic and abiotic elements of the site.
Flora and fauna Inventories have revealed existence of 13 plant species, 03 fish, 02 amphibians, 06 reptiles, 55 birds and 07 mammals. The flora of the site is mapped then the dynamics of dominant plant species is assessed by GIS software. Bio-ecological Statuses (faunal, trophic, phenological and protection) are attributed to the species surveyed and they are discussed. The spatiotemporal occupation of the lake by birds is mapped and detailed. Furthermore, this study includes a general review on wetlands ecosystems. Wetlands of the Lower-Sahara region (Ziban, Souf, valley of Oued Righ, and Ouargla) are inventoried, classified and mapped. This approach helped to highlight the biological resources of Ayata Lake and determine its actual ecological value. This can lead to propose suggestions for management and conservation close to its socioeconomic status in a sustainable development view.

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RÉSUMÉ: Le Lac Ayata (155 ha) appartient au complexe des zones humides de la Vallée d’Oued Righ au Bas-Sahara algérien. L’étude menée entre octobre 2009 et juin 2010 a permis une caractérisation bioécologique des éléments tant biotiques qu’abiotiques du site. Les inventaires de la flore et de la faune ont révélé l’existence de 13 espèces végétales, 03 poissons, 02 amphibiens, 06 reptiles, 55 oiseaux et 07 mammifères. La flore du site est cartographiée et la dynamique saisonnière des espèces dominantes est estimée par un logiciel de SIG. Des statuts bioécologiques (fauniques, trophiques, phénologiques et de protection) sont attribués aux espèces animales inventoriées puis ils sont discutés. L’occupation spatiotemporelle du lac par l’avifaune est cartographiée et détaillée. Par ailleurs, cette étude comporte des connaissances générales sur les des zones humides. Celles-ci sont inventoriées, classifiées puis cartographies dans la région du Bas-Sahara (Ziban, Souf, Vallée d’Oued Righ et Ouargla). Cette approche a permis de mettre en valeur les ressources biologiques du site et de déterminer son importance écologique. Ceci peut aboutir à des suggestions de gestion et de conservation étroites à son état socioéconomique dans une prospection d’un développement durable.

Considering ‘Cities Beyond the Plan’ helps us substantiate territory beyond being just a passive setting contingent to meta-forces. To do so, requires us look at logics and conceptual frame drawing from legal pluralism, that of space and territory, and Power. I explore this argument via the case of ‘Mayestripalya Kere’ a ‘wetland’ in one of Bangalore most elite neighborhoods. Here its wealthy residents co-join cartographic frames and singular perspectives of ‘the’ law to rationalize exclusive regimes. The chapter concludes with a wider question of substantiating territory and move beyond a perspective of the sacred as ‘minor’ religiosities as ‘local or tradition’ and see them as political spaces practiced that constitute the ‘urban’.

Several methods have been used to quantify the abundance of crabs, each of which presents with some form of bias.  The systematic errors attributed to the estimation of abundance of Uca have been linked to several recurring themes, including abiotic and biotic factors, spatial and temporal habitat complexities, and species-specific and sex-specific behaviours. Therefore, before selecting the most appropriate sampling technique for use in an intertidal mangrove habitat, the inherent biases of each, as attributed to this burrowing mangrove species, must be thoroughly understood.

The objectives of this discussion paper are:  1) to identify sampling techniques used to quantify Uca spp. populations, both as demonstrated during the Blacksoil Creek field trip and as adopted widely by the scientific community; 2) evaluate the effectiveness of each sampling technique, focusing on the strengths and weaknesses of each; and 3) conclude on the technique(s) that are best suited for use in a tropical intertidal wetland setting.

Water is inevitably the most important resource on Earth. Nearly 70 % of the Earth’s surface is covered by water, yet there is only 0.3% of the total water is available as fresh water for various human requirements. The water bodies present in urban areas such as lakes, ponds, tanks, rivers etc. are under continuous pressure due to various anthropogenic activities. In the current study, 3 water bodies of Vadodara city were selected for assessment of water quality. The selection was made on the basis of their size, human activities at the periphery and land use in the surrounding area. The water bodies selected were Sursagar lake (lake in the centre of the city) and Sama pond & Harni pond (ponds at the periphery of the city). One time grab samples were collected from  all the three reservoirs and they were analysed for pH, Conductivity, Total dissolve solids, Total suspended solids, Sodium, Potassium, Hardness, Alkalinity, Chloride, Sulphate, Nitrate-nitrogen, Nitrite-nitrogen, Phosphate, Ammonical-nitrogen, TKN, Sulphides, Oil and grease, DO, COD, BOD, Heavy metals. The result showed that the total dissolved concentration was found to be maximum in Sursagar lake which may be attributed to surface run off and use of surfactants in surrounding areas. It also showed elevated levels of Electrical Conductivity. The total hardness values were also maximum in Sursagar Lake in comparison to the rest of the two ponds. It was also identified during the study that the Nitrate was below detectable limit in case of Sama and Harni Ponds where as it was detected to be 0.115 ppm in Sursagar lake. This could have resulted in cultural eutrophication and ultimately increase in the BOD value. However, a continuous aeration system has raised the DO of water to as high as 8.46 ppm which maintains the healthy life in the lake ecosystem. The result showed that the concentration of contaminants in Sursagar Lake was maximum which can be attributed to excessive pressure from anthropogenic activities. The overall outcomes of the study were as follows:
• Generation of baseline information for further investigation of Limnological parameters.
• Qualitative assessment of anthropogenic impacts on water quality.
• Comparison of water quality among different water bodies having different peripheral land use pattern.

O Guia de Melhores Práticas Pecuárias da Planície Pantaneira foi idealizado em um workshop realizado em 2019 pelo WWF-Brasil no âmbito do projeto Paisagens Sustentáveis do Pantanal, Cerrado e Bosque Seco Chiquitano (PaSos), em Campo Grande/MS, que teve como objetivo identificar e analisar as boas práticas de pecuárias na Planície Pantaneira que estavam relacionadas com os serviços ecossistêmicos do bioma. O conteúdo do material foi elaborado em parceria com vários autores, que por meio de suas experiências e estudos sugerem ao leitor diversas possibilidades de conhecer e melhorar as práticas do produtor de gado de corte na Planície Pantaneira. O conteúdo inicia com o “Planejamento da Paisagem e Propriedade” trazendo uma visão ampla da propriedade inserida em uma paisagem diferenciada, apresentando os principais macrohabitats da maior área úmida do mundo às iniciativas de melhores práticas na pecuária; assim como as regulamentações legais, possibilidades e incentivos de apoio à conservação e desperta uma reflexão na gestão mais sustentável, trazendo questões ambientais, de negócios e de relações interpessoais. A seguir, desenvolve-se com a dinâmica dos manejos: “Manejo da pastagem” evidencia o olhar holístico que o produtor deve lançar em seu sistema de produção, abordando medidas de conservação à restauração das pastagens nativas, assim como os principais indicadores e práticas que permitam que o valor nutritivo disponibilizado para seu rebanho, permaneça alto, assim como a produtividade animal; em “Manejo do rebanho” apresenta ao produtor o fazer diário com os animais, a infraestrutura e o acompanhamento de índices zootécnicos, com a indicação de uso de raças localmente adaptadas e práticas que melhoram a convivência com predadores.

Les zones humides côtières sont parmi les écosystèmes aquatiques les plus productifs et représentent un intérêt majeur. Cependant elles sont gravement menacées par les actions anthropiques et les changements climatiques.
          La flore algale répond parfaitement aux variations de l’environnement biotique et abiotique et représente ainsi un indicateur sensible de ses changements.
L’objectif de notre étude, est d’évaluer les caractéristiques et la répartition actuelle de la flore algale des zones humides côtières de l’Ouest algérien et de définir les conditions de leur répartition. À plus long terme, cette étude apportera une meilleure connaissance des préférences écologiques de ces organismes et de leur abondance, et permettra de mieux évaluer le stress environnemental de la côte oranaise.
Mots-clés: Flore algale, distribution spécifique, distribution spatiale, biosurveillance, stress  environnemental, zones humides, Ouest algérien.

The high generation rate of medical radioactive waste in Uganda is a proof that medical waste management in Uganda is problematic. Based on a case study undertaken at Hospitals within Kampala, this research looked in to the various issues in the field of medical radioactive waste management. It explores the staff‘s perception towards the medical radioactive waste management and aims to examine the knowledge level, attitude and role of health care workers towards the medical radioactive waste management. The study looks in to the various medical radioactive waste treatment technologies available and chooses the best available technology for the on-site treatment of the waste.
In Uganda, there has been an emerging concern regarding medical radioactive waste management and the enforcement of international and national regulations requiring health care establishment to ensure that such waste is handled without any adverse effects to the human health and the environment (Ugandan Ministry of Environment and Forests, 1998). According to the Ministry of Health (2009), the current medical radioactive waste management system in Uganda is inadequate both at public and private level. The actual amount of medical radioactive wastes generated in Ugandan hospitals is not known and even trying to estimate it would be problematic (Wekoy, 2005). In addition, there is insufficient capacity and research data on medical radioactive waste generation, separation, storage, treatment and final disposal mechanisms in Uganda. Therefore, this study tried to provide a glimpse of how radioactive wastes are being handled at various hospitals.
The study used 10 hospitals aand simple random sampling was used for the study. Data sources were both primary and secondary. The data collection methods included; interviews, questionnaires, secondary data, observation and photography. The captured data was presented in graphic form like pie-chats, bar graph and percentages were generated. The research study found out that, much of the wastes collected consisted of solid radioactive wastes followed by liquid and lastly gaseous wastes and they were of low level according to their categorization. The radioactive wastes generated were mostly used gloves, syringes, items used by hospitalised patients after radiation therapy, protective clothing, masks, filters, overshoes, towels, hand tools, contaminated water and effluent, body fluids, discarded liquid radiopharmaceuticals, and liquid-patient excretion. These wastes are collected from the different departments of hospitals into one place, separated to different categories, some treated and others transported to the KCCA treatment plant after they have piled up.  Much of the wastes after segregation are stored on the KCCA containers awaiting transportation to the Municipal treatment plant and the remaining, mostly with highly radioactive materials are incinerated or treated from within the hospitals.
In conclusion, it was established that much of the radioactive wastes produced by hospitals were in forms which included; solids, liquids and gases. These wastes are segregated and then deposited at either the KCCA container or incinerated or in temporary plastic dustbins within the hospitals which were then further transferred to the Municipal waste treatment plant at Kiteezi in Wakiso district. Much of the radioactive wastes produced are low level waste.  Some high level wastes produced were incinerated at the hospital premises to reduce their effect to the environment and the staff involved in the garbage collection process.

We examined the composition and dynamics of spontaneous vascular vegetation in Lake Ayata (Valley of Oued Righ Algerian, Low-Sahara). The site is located between 33°29’17’’N to 33°29’48’’N and 05°59’10’’E to 05°59’37’’E. A systematic sampling of the flora has revealed 13 species belonging to 8 families and 13 genera. The waterbody is free of submerged plants. The plant life forms, structure and physiognomy of vegetation were determined. In addition, vegetation-land-cover was mapped to illustrate seasonal distribution of dominant plant species. Geostatistics on areas covered by vegetation and its seasonal dynamics were obtained and then discussed. The most common plant life forms were chamaephytes (53.8%) and therophytes (23.1%), which characterize desert vegetation that has low recovery and low height. Furthermore, vegetation mapping revealed the existence of 3 types of vegetation: (i) halophytic vegetation represented mainly by Chenopodiaceae species, which were extended all around the edges of the waterbody; (ii) hydrophytic vegetation represented mainly by Phragmites communis and Juncus maritimus, and (iii) sparse vegetation represented by Limoniastrum guyonianum and Triganum nudatum. Lake Ayata’s flora is poorly diversified but well adapted to adverse environmental conditions prevailing on the ground (salinity) and climate (drought).

This dissertation is a study conducted to draw on the Governance of an Urban River, which here is Mithi commonly refer to as a Nallah rather than a river in the city. The study has rigorously and comprehensively looked into the various aspects of urban river which unlike a natural river has a more complex context thus making the act of governance crucial and challenging.
The different layers in the system – social, political, economic and ecological all come together to form a narrative for Mithi which here is not a story with a happy end but marked with contestations and struggles where the Forgotten River tries to build an identity in the complex urban space. The Governance plays the key role in allowing and also preventing Mithi to battle the odds of utilitarian values. The perception different agencies and institutions have for the River and their interaction amongst each other results in urban political economy which is based on vested here is the resultant of the vested interest of the few over the grievance of the rest. The only mechanism in this situation that can work for an Urban River is the citizen rising up to the occasion and demanding the experts to change their lens to River’s Rejuvenation and Restoration.

he richness of the flora and fauna of north eastern region is well known to all. The flood plain wetlands constitute important fishery resources of Assam. The resources are managed through a complex social framework of Fisherman community. The state of this management determines the level and sustainable utilization with implications on fisheries and livelihoods. The Dhir beel is a water body situated in the Chapar-Salkocha Subdivision of Dhubri District. It is characterized as a floodplain wetland, covering an area of 689 ha and has a connection with the river Brahmaputra through an 11-km long channel. These years the impact of the change in the management regime on the sustainability of fisheries and livelihoods of fishers can be found. This change in the management regime has been due to immigration of a large number of people from nearby areas since 1980 and the increase in the Brick manufacturing industry. The study on this beel has shown the pressure of fishing and new methods of fishing techniques However, due to the lack of systematic study and awareness among the locally inhabited people affects the Dhir beel too much. Hence, an attempt is made in this paper to focus on the impact of changes in management of fisheries affecting the important Wetland Bioresources of Assam. This study thus underlines the potentials of Fish diversity and the need for documentation of knowledge pertaining the sustainable utilization and conservation of fish for the greater benefit of mankind. T Introduction: The fish resources utilization by human being can be distributed as mainly for food followed by ornamental and game purposes. Fish contributes almost half of the total number of vertebrates in the world. They live in almost all conceivable aquatic habitats. India is one of the mega-biodiversity countries in the world and occupies the ninth position in terms of freshwater mega-biodiversity. The Dhir beel is a water body situated in the Chapar-Salkocha Subdivision of Dhubri District. It is characterized as a floodplain wetland, covering an area of 689 ha and has a connection with the river Brahmaputra through a 11-km long channel. Three villages, viz. Satyapur, Mowatari and Arrearjhar with inhabitations of about Eight thousand people surround this water body. These villages were inhibited by local Hindu fishers in which 300 people were exclusively dependent on the Dhir beel. Over a period of time, social dynamics has resulted in the changes in stakeholders, institutions governing regulatory regimes and management system. The present study has attempted to understand the dynamics of the fisheries management regimes and its impact on fisheries and livelihoods in the Dhir beel. Such a study is particularly important as no such study has been made in India so far due to lack of comparative data. The present study has been undertaken in the Dhir beel as the case study with the specific objectives as such: (i) Anthropogenic activity around the Beel (ii) Potentiality of fisheries and the livelihood of the fishers, and (iii) Highlighting the sustainability implications of the change.

El presente documento corresponde a un Plan Maestro Urbano desarrollado por profesionales de las unidades de Medio Ambiente, Ornato y Asesoría Urbana de la Municipalidad de Coronel, cuyo objetivo central es la recuperación y puesta en valor del Humedal Boca Maule.

For teaching and research purposes, in this glossary was compiled some of the terms used in studies of wetlands and aquatic ecology, by professionals and technicians of the area. Terms of daily use in Venezuela, by people who perform some type of aquatic activity or are in contact with the fauna and vegetation of aquatic environments, were also incorporated. Many terms were translated into Spanish, from the technical literature; however, others, whose translation we thought would be unfortunate, have remained in their original form.

Con fines docentes y de investigación, en este glosario se han compilado algunos de los términos usados en estudios de humedales y ecología acuática, por profesionales y técnicos del área. También se incorporaron términos de uso cotidiano en Venezuela, por personas que ejecutan algún tipo de actividad acuática, o están en contacto con la fauna y vegetación de los ambientes acuáticos. Muchos términos fueron  traducidos al castellano, a partir de la literatura técnica; sin embargo otros, cuya traducción nos pareció que resultaría desacertada, se han mantenido en su forma original.

Prevailing theories of the evolution of early complex societies in southern Mesopotamia presume a uniform, arid landscape transited by Tigris and Euphrates distributaries. These theories hold that it was the seventh millennium BCE introduction of irrigation technologies from the northern alluvium to the south that began the punctuated evolution of Mesopotamian irrigation schemes. In this view, irrigation-dependent agro-pastoral production was the primary stimulus to urbanization and, millennia later, the emergence of city-states. In this dissertation, I cast serious doubt on the landscape characterization underlying this model. I argue that much of the archaic alluvial landscape of southern Iraq consisted in large part, not of desert or steppe, but of wetlands, and that this finding requires a comprehensive reassessment of southern Mesopotamian resource management strategies and their role in emergent complex polities.