He Benzen Aceton

an mn hoc Trang 1 Chng luyn lin tuc
SVTH: Phan Thanh Hai

GVHD : ThS. L Th Nh Y
MUC LUC
Trang
CHNG I : TNG QUAN V SAN PHM VA DY CHUYN CNG
NGH 2
I- TNG QUAN V SAN PHM
2
II- GII THIU V PHNG PHAP CHNG VA THAP M 3
III-THUYT MINH DY CHUYN CNG NGH 4
CHNG II : TNH TOAN CNG NGH THIT B CHNH 6
A - CN BNG VT LIU VA NHIT LNG: 6
I - CN BNG VT LIU 6
II - XAC NH S BC THAY I NNG 8
III - CN BNG NHIT LNG 10
B - THNG S CHNH CUA THAP: 15
I - NG KNH THAP 15
II - CHIU CAO THAP 21
III - TNH TR LC CUA THAP 24
CHNG III : TNH C KH THIT B CHNH
26
I - CHON VT LIU 26
II - CHIU DAY THN THAP 25
III - TNH AY VA NP THIT B 27
IV - B DAY LP CACH NHIT 28
V - TNH NG KNH NG DN 29
VI - MT BCH 30
VII - KCH THC A PHN PHI VA LI M 32
VIII- CA NI THIT B VI NG DN 32
IX - TAI TREO VA CHN 33
CHNG IV : TNH THIT B PHU 35
I- TNH THIT B UN SI HN HP U 35
II - TNH VA CHON BM 39
TAI LIU THAM KHAO
44

CHNG I : TNG QUAN V SAN
PHM
VA DY CHUYN CNG NGH
I. TNG QUAN V SAN PHM BENZEN VA AXTN
1. Axtn :
Axeton (CH
3
COCH
3
) la tn goi thng thng cua
propanon .y la loai hp cht
Cacboxyl,v vy la hp cht phn cc.No la cht
long si t
s
0
=56,1
0
C,nhit nay cao hn cht khng
phn cc co cung trong lng nhng lai thp hn
ancol va axit tng ng Axeton tan v han trong nc
,la dung mi cho nhiu cht hu c.
V mt hoa hoc tng t nh andehit ,axeton tham
gia phan ng cng hidro (H
2
) va natrihidro_sunphit
(NaHSO
3
) nhng khac ch khng b OXH bi dung dch
AgNO
3
(khng trang gng) va Cu(OH)
2
,nhng co th b
OXH va ct sat nhom -CO chuyn thanh hai axit
khi tac dung vi cht OXH manh.
V ng dung: Axtn la dung mi hoa tan nhiu hp
cht hu c nh: t axtat, nitro xenlul, nha
focmandehit, cht beo, dung mi pha sn, mc in ng
ng .No la nguyn liu san xut thuy tinh hu
c va co th tng hp xten sunfonat.
2. Benzen:
Benzen la hp cht vong thm, o la mt cht
long khng mau, co mui thm c trng, nhe hn nc,
tan nhiu trong cac dung mi hu c ng thi la mt
dung mi tt cho nhiu cht nh It (I
2
), lu huynh (S),
cht beo...,t
0
s
= 80,1
0
C 1 at, ng c t
0
=5,5
0
C,
ty khi d
20
4
= 0,879.
V mt hoa hoc, Benzen la mt hp cht vong
bn vng, tng i d tham gia phan ng th, kho
tham gia cac phan ng cng, OXH. c tnh hoa hoc
nay goi la tnh thm.
V ng dung : dung iu ch nitro benzen,
anilin, tng hp phm nhum, dc phm..., Clobenzen
la dung mi tng hp DDT, hexacloaran (thuc tr su)
Stiren (monome tng hp cht deo) va nhiu san
phm quan trong khac... Benzen con c dung lam
dung mi...
Ngun cung cp Benzen cho cng nghip la nha
chng ct, than a, hexan va toluen cua du mo. Khi
nung than beo nhit cao luyn than cc c
nha than a. Trong nha than a co cha rt nhiu
cac cht hu c khac nhau khi chng ct phn oan thu
c Benzen.
Ca Axtn va Benzen u ong vai tro quan trong
trong cng nghip hoa hoc.

II. GII THIU V PHNG PHAP CHNG, CHNG LIN TUC
& VIC LA CHON THAP M
Chng luyn lin tuc bi thap m lam vic ap
xut thng.
Trong cng ngh hoa hoc co nhiu phng phap
phn ring hn hp hai hay nhiu cu t tan mt phn
hay hoan toan vao nhau nh : hp thu, hp phu, li
tm, trch li, chng...Mi phng phap u co nhng
c thu ring va nhng u nhc im nht nh.
Vic la chon phng phap va thit b cho phu hp
tuy thuc vao hn hp ban u, yu cu san phm
va iu kin kinh t.
i vi hn hp Benzen va Axtn la hn hp hai
cu t tan hoan toan vao nhau theo bt ky ty l
nao co nhit si khac bit nhau th phng an
ti u tach hn hp trn la chng ct.
Chng ct la phng phap tach cu t ra khoi
hn hp da vao bay hi khac nhau gia cac cu
t (ngha la cung mt nhit ap sut hi cua
cac cu t se khac nhau) bng cach thc hin qua
trnh chuyn pha va trao i nhit gia hai pha long,
kh. San nh thu c gm cu t co bay hi
ln, mt phn cu t co bay hi thp hn. Con
san phm ay thu c chu yu la cu t kho bay
hi va mt phn cu t d bay hi. y dung mi va
cht tan u bay hi.
Trong san xut chung ta thng gp nhng phng
phap chng ct sau y :
- Chng n gian : dung tach s b
va lam sach cac cu t khoi tap cht (yu cu
cac cu t co bay hi khac xa nhau).
- Chng bng hi nc trc tip : tach
cac hn hp gm cac cht kho bay hi va tap cht
khng bay hi (Cht c tach khng tan trong nc).
- Chng chn khng : trong trng hp cn
ha thp nhit si cua cu t.
- Chng luyn : la phng phap ph bin
nht dung tach hoan toan hn hp cac cu t
d bay hi co tnh cht hoa tan mt phn hay hoa tan
hoan toan vao nhau. V thc cht y la qua trnh
chng nhiu ln thu c san phm tinh khit.
Ngi ta n gian h thng bng cach thay ca
h thng s thit b phai ch tao phc tap va
cng knh bi mt thap goi la thap chng luyn.
Trong o cac dong pha chuyn ng ngc chiu nhau.
Chng luyn ap sut thp dung cho hn hp
d b phn huy nhit cao va cac hn hp co
nhit si qua cao.
Chng luyn ap sut cao dung cho cac hn
hp khng hoa long ap sut thng.
Qua trnh chng luyn c thc hin trong
thit b loai thap lam vic lin tuc hay gian oan.
Co hai loai thit b thap la thap m va thap a.
Trong o :
Thap m
Thap m la mt thap hnh tru gm nhiu oan
ni vi nhau bng mt bch hay han. Trong thap ngi
ta y m, thap m c ng dung rng rai
trong cng ngh hoa hoc hp thu, chng luyn,
lam lanh. y s dung thap m chng ct hn
hp Benzen ,Axtn.
Thap m co th lam vic ap sut thng,
ap sut chn khng, lam vic lin tuc hoc gian
oan. Cu tao kch thc m tuy thuc ch lam
vic va yu cu tinh khit cua san phm.
Nhng no cung co han ch la kho lam t u
m. Nu thap qua cao th phn phi cht long khng
ng u. khc phuc, chia m thanh nhiu tng
co t thm a phn phi cht long i vi mi
tng.
III. THUYT MINH DY CHUYN CNG NGH
1. S cng ngh:
H thng thit b cng ngh chng luyn lin tuc
tng quat gm co :
- (1) : Thap chng luyn gm co 2 phn : phn trn
gm t trn a tip liu tr ln nh goi la
oan luyn, phn di gm t a tip liu tr
xung goi la oan chng.
- (2) : Thit b un nong dung un nong hn hp
u. S dung thit b loai ng chum, dung hi
nc bao hoa un nong v no co h s cp
nhit ln, n nhit ngng tu cao. Hi nc bao
hoa i ngoai ng, long i trong ng.
- (3) : Thung cao v
- (4) : B phn un bc hi ay thap, co th at
trong hay ngoai thap. y ta cung s dung hi
nc bao hoa un vi hi i trong ng long i
ngoai ng.
- (5) : Thit b ngng tu hoan toan, nc lanh i
trong ng.
- (6) : Thit b lam lanh san phm nh.
- (7) : Thung cha san phm nh
- (8) : Thung cha san phm ay.
- (9) : Thung cha hn hp u.
2. Qua trnh lam vic:
Hn hp Axtn_ Benzen la mt hn hp long hoa
tan hoan toan vao nhau theo moi ty l.
Ta co t
S
Axtn
= 56.1
0
C< t
S

Benzen
= 80.1
o
C nn bay
hi cua Axtn ln hn bay hi cua Benzen. Vy nn
san phm ay chu yu la Benzzen va mt phn rt
t Axtn, ngc lai san phm nh lai chu yu la
Axtn va mt phn rt t la Benzen.
Tin hanh cu th : Trc ht hn hp Axtn,
Benzen t thung cha (9) c bm vao thung cao
v (3) ri dn xung thit b un nong (2). S co
mt cua thung cao v am bao cho lng hn hp u
vao thap khng dao ng, trong trng hp cng sut
bm qua ln hn hp u se theo ng tun hoan
tran v b cha hn hp u. (2) dung dch c
un nong n nhit si bng hi nc bao hoa. Ra
khoi thit b un nong, dung dch i vao thap chng
luyn (1) v tr a tip liu. Do a dc un
nong n nhit si nn tai y Axetn thc hin
qua trnh chuyn khi t pha long sang pha hi va
tin v nh thap. Benzen la cu t kho bay hi
nhit nay no vn ang th long va phn
phi xung di. Nh vy trong thap, hi Axetn i t
di ln gp long Benzen i t trn xung. V nhit
cang ln cang thp nn khi hi Axetn i t di
ln co mang theo mt phn cu t Benzen, cu t co
nhit si cao se ngng tu lai va cui cung
trn nh ta thu c hn hp gm hu ht cu t
Axetn d bay hi. Hi Axetn vao thit b ngng tu (5)
c ngng tu lai. Mt phn cht long ngng i qua
thit b lam lanh (6) n nhit cn thit ri
i vao thung cha san phm nh (7). Mt phn khac
hi lu v thap a trn cung tng mc
tach.
Tng t qua trnh dch chuyn cua Benzen se keo
theo 1 phn cu t Axeton va cang xung thp nhit
cua thap cang tng khi cht long Benzen i t
trn xung gp hi Axeton co nhit cao hn, mt
phn cu t co nhit si thp c bc hi va
do o nng Benzen kho bay hi trong cht long
ngay cang tng. Cui cung ay thap ta thu c
hn hp long gm hu ht la cht long Benzen kho
bay hi. Cht long ay thap khi ra khoi thap c
lam lanh ri a vao thung cha san phm (8).
tit kim hi t ngi ta co th dung hi nh
thap un nong hn hp ban u.

CHNG II : TNH TOAN CNG NGH THIT
B CHNH
A. CN BNG VT LIU VA NHIT LNG :
I. CN BNG VT LIU :
1. Thng s ban u :
Goi F : lu lng hn hp u, kg/h,
kmol/h
P

: lu lng san phm nh, kg/h, kmol/h
W : lu lng san phm ay, kg/h,
kmol/h
a
F
: nng hn hp u, % khi
lng
a
P
:

nng san phm nh, % khi
lng

a
W
: nng san phm ay, % khi
lng
x
P
: nng hn hp u, % mol
x
F
x
W
thun tin trong qua trnh tnh toan
ta ky hiu :
Axtn : A, M
A
= 58
Benzen : B, M
B
= 78
Theo yu cu ban u F = 79000(kg/ngay) = 3291,67 (kg/h)
2. Tnh cn bng vt liu:
Phng trnh cn bng vt vit cho toan thap:
F = P + W (1)
Phng trnh cn bng vt liu vit cho cu t nhe:
F a
F
= P a
P

+ Wa
W
(2)
T (1) va (2) suy ra:

) / ( 74 , 1308
2 , 4 5 , 95
2 , 4 5 , 40
. 67 , 3291 h kg
a a
a a
F P
W P
W F
=
=
T (1) suy ra : W = F - P = 3291,67 - 1308,74 =
1982,93(kg/h)
Tnh nng phn mol cua cu t Axtn:
+ Thanh phn mol trong hn hp u:
478 , 0
78
405 , 0 1
58
405 , 0
58
405 , 0
1
=
+
=
+
=
B
F
A
F
A
F
F
M
a
M
a
M
a
x (phn mol) = 47,8 (%mol)
+ Thanh phn mol trong san phm nh:
966 , 0
78
955 , 0 1
58
955 , 0
58
955 , 0
1
=
+
=
+
=
B
P
A
p
A
P
P
M
a
M
a
M
a

+ Thanh phn mol trong san phm ay:
056 , 0
78
042 , 0 1
58
042 , 0
78
042 , 0
1
=
+
=
+
=
B
W
A
W
A
W
W
M
a
M
a
M
a
Tnh khi lng mol trung bnh:
- Trong hn hp u:
M
F
= x
F
M
A
+ (1- x
F
)M
B
= 0,478. 58 + (1- 0,478).
78 = 68,44(kg/kmol)
- Trong san phm nh:

M
P
= x
P
M
A
+ (1- x
P
)M
B
= 0,966. 58 + (1- 0,966).
78 = 56,34 (kg/kmol)
- Trong san phm ay:
M
W
= x
W
M
A
+ (1- x
W
)M
B
= 0,056. 58 + (1- 0,056). 78 =
76,88 (kg/kmol)

Nh vy ta co bang tng kt thanh phn san phm
nh sau:

Nng
phn
khi
lng
Nng

phn
mol
Lu
lng
(kg/h)
Lu
lng
(kmol/h)
Hn hp
u
0,405 0,478 3291,67 48,10
San phm
nh
0,955 0,966 1308,74 23,23
San phm
ay
0,042 0,056 1982,83 25,79

3. Thanh phn pha cua hn hp 2 cu t Axeton -
benzen
Bang thanh phn cn bng long hi va nhit si
cua hn hp 2 cu t ap sut 760 mmHg (%mol)
(bang IX.2a/146.II)

x 0 5 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
y 0 14 24,
3
40 51,
2
59,
4
65,
5
73 79,
5
86,
3
93,
2
100
t
0

80,
1
78,
3
76,
4
72,
8
69,
6
66,
7
64,
3
62,
4
60,
7
59,
6
58,
8
56,
1

Bng phng phap ni suy ta tnh c y
F
, y
P
, y
W
, t
0
s

nh bang sau:

San
phm
x
(%mol)
Phn
mol
y
(%mol)
Phn
mol
t si
F 47,8 0,478 64,2 0,642 64,8
P 96,6 0,966 97,7 0,977 57,0
W 5,6 0,056 15,2 0,152 78,0

(Cng thc ni suy nh sau :

A B
A B
A A
x x
y y
x x y y
+ = ) ( ;
A B
s
A
s
B
A
s
A
x x
t t
x x t t
+ = ) ( )

II - XAC NH S BC THAY I NNG :
1. Xac nh ch s hi lu Rx
min
:
976 , 1
478 , 0 642 , 0
642 , 0 966 , 0
*
*
min
=
=
F
F
F
P
X
x y
y x
R
Vi x
P
_nng phn mol cua Axtn trong pha
long san phm nh .
x
F
_ nng phn mol cua Axtn trong pha
long hn hp u.
y
*
F
_nng phn mol cua Axtn trong pha
hi nm cn bng pha long hn hp u.
2. Xac nh ch s hi lu thch hp :
Xac nh ch s hi lu thch hp da vao iu
kin th tch thap nho nht tc la tng ng vi
N
l
(Rx+1) nho nht (N
l
: S bc thay i nng ly
thuyt)
R
X
= b R
Xmin

Vi b la h s b = 1,2 2,5
Vn chon ch s hi lu thch hp rt quan
trong, nu lng hi lu qua be th thap se v
cung cao, iu nay rt kho thc hin, nu lng
hi lu ln th thap co thp i nhng ng knh lai
ln, san phm nh thu c chng bao nhiu.
Xac nh R
X
thch hp theo s bc thay i nng
c tin hanh nh sau : cho nhiu gia tr R
X
ln
hn gia tr R
Xmin
. Vi mi gia tr trn, ta xac nh
c tung cua ng lam vic oan luyn vi
truc tung B, vi:
1 +
=
X
P
R
x
B

th xac nh s bc thay i nng
ly thuyt


Da vao th ta co kt qua sau:
b 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,75 1,8 1,85 2 2,2
Rx 2,371
2
2,766
4
3,161
6
3,45
8
3,556
8
3,655
6
3,95
2
4,347
2
B 28,65 25,65 23,2 21,6
7
21,2 20,75 20,1 18,06
Nt 23,2 19,8 17,4 15,8 15,5 15,2 14,6 13,6
Nt(Rx+
1)
78,2 74,6 72,41 70,4
4
70,63 71,2 72,4
4
72,72

T bang bn tm c gia tr N
l
(R
x
+ 1) nho nht
tai R
x
= 3,458 ng vi b= 1,75.
Vy ta tnh c ch s hi lu thch hp Rx =
3,458.
S ngn ly thuyt cua thap chng la : 15,8
S ngn ly thuyt oan luyn la : 11,8
S ngn ly thuyt oan chng la: 4
III - CN BNG NHIT LNG :
Muc ch cua vic tnh toan cn bng nhit lng
la xac nh lng hi t cn thit khi un nong
hn hp u, un bc hi ay thap cung nh xac
nh lng nc lam lanh cn thit cho qua trnh
ngng tu va lam lanh .
Chon nc lam cht tai nhit v no la ngun
nguyn liu re tin, ph bin trong thin nhin va
co kha nng ap ng yu cu cng ngh.
S cn bng nhit lng:

Cac k hiu:
Q
D1
: lng nhit do hi nc cung cp un
nong hn hp u, J/h
Q
f
: lng nhit hn hp u mang vao, J/h
Q
F
: lng nhit do hn hp u mang
ra khoi thit b un nong, J/h
Q
xq1
: lng nhit mt mat trong qua trnh un
si, J/h
Q
y
: lng nhit hi mang ra khoi thap, J/h
Q
R
: lng nhit do lng long hi lu mang
vao, J/h
Q
P
: nhit lng do san phm nh mang ra, J/h
Q
D2
: nhit lng cn un nong san phm ay,
J/h
Q
W
: nhit lng do san phm ay mang ra, J/h
Q
xq2
: nhit lng mt mat trong thap chng
luyn, J/h
Q
ng1
: nhit do nc ngng mang ra thit b un
si hn hp u, J/h
H2O
H2O
H2O
H2O
Q
y

Q
F

Q
D1

Q
D2

Q
xq2

Q
ng1

Q
xq1

Q
W

Q
f

Q
P

Q
R

Q
ng2

Q
ng2
: nhit do nc ngng mang ra
thit b un si san phm ay, J/h

1. Cn bng nhit lng cua thit b un nong hn
hp u :
Phng trnh cn bng nhit lng cho qua trnh
un nong:
Q
D1
+ Q
f
= Q
F
+ Q
xq1
+ Q
ng1

a) Nhit lng do hi t mang vao Q
D1

Q
D1
=D
1
1
= D
1
(r
1
+ t
1
C
1
) (J/h)
Vi : D
1
: lng hi t mang vao
(kg/h)
1
: ham nhit cua hi nc (J/kg)
r
1
: n nhit hoa hi cua hi nc (J/kg)
t
1
: nhit nc ngng (
o
C)
C
1
: nhit dung ring cua nc ngng (J/kg
)
b) Nhit lng do hn hp u mang vao Q
f

Q
f
= F.C
f
t
f
(J/h)
Vi : F : Lng hn hp u, kg/h
C
f
: Nhit dung ring cua hn
hp u, J/kg.
C
f
=
B F A F
C a C a ) 1 ( +
a
F
: Nng phn khi lng
cua hn hp u
C
A
, C
B
: Nhit dung dung ring cua Axtn
va Benzen 25
o
C
(J/kg.)
t
f
: Nhit u cua hn hp (ly bng
nhit cua mi trng bn ngoai t
f
= 25
o
C)
c) Nhit lng do hn hp u mang ra Q
F

Q
F
= F.C
F
t
F

Vi C
F
: Nhit dung ring cua hn hp khi ra
khoi thit b un nong, J/kg.
t
F
: Nhit cua hn hp khi ra khoi
thit b un nong,
o
C
d) Nhit lng do nc ngng mang ra Q
ng1

Q
ng1
=
1 1 1
. . t C G
ng
= D
1
t
1
C
1

G
ng1
: Lng nc ngng (ly bng
lng hi t), kg/h
e) Nhit lng mt mat ra mi trng xung quanh Q
m1
(thng ly bng 5% nhit tiu tn)
Q
xq1
= 5%(Q
D1
- Q
ng1
) = 5% D
1
r
1

Nh vy lng hi nc bao hoa cn thit un
nong dung dch u n nhit si:

1
1
95 , 0
) (
r
C t C t F
D
f f F F

= , kg/h
+ F = 3291,67 (kg/h)
+ Tnh nhit dung ring cua hn hp u C
f
25
o
C :
C
f
25
= C
A
25
a
F
+ C
B
25
(1-a
F
)
C
A
25
, C
B
25
tra trong bang I-153/171.I va
bng ni suy
C
A
25
= 2190 (J/kg)
C
B
25
= 1753,75 (J/kg.)
=> C
f
25
= 2190 0,405 + 1753,75 (1- 0,405) =
1930 (J/kg.)
+ Nhit dung ring cua hn hp u khi i ra
thit b un nong nhit t
F
=t
s
= 64,8
o
C
C
F
64.8
= C
A
64,8
a
F
+ C
B
64,8
(1- a
F
)
C
A
64,8
= 2320,6 (J/kg.)
C
B
64,8
= 1955,2 (J/kg.)
=> C
F
64,8
= 2320,6 0,405 + 1955,2 (1- 0,405) =
2103 (J/kg.)
+ Ta chon hi nc bao hoa un si ap sut p
= 1 atm, t
o
=99,1
o
C, ta co r
1
=2264. 10
3
(J/kg)
(bang I-121/314.I)
Vy: ) / ( 135
10 . 2264 95 , 0
25 1930 8 , 64 2103
67 , 3291
3
h kg D =

=
2. Cn bng nhit lng cho toan thap:

2 2 2 xq ng W y D R F
Q Q Q Q Q Q Q + + + = + +
a) Nhit lng do hn hp u mang vao thap :
) / ( 10 . 57 , 448 8 , 64 2103 3291
6
h J F t C Q
F F F
= = =
b) Nhit lng do hi nc mang vao ay thap :
) / )( (
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
h J t C r D D Q
D
+ = =
D
2
: lng hi nc cn thit un si
dung dch ay thap, kg/h
2
: ham nhit cua hi nc bao hoa, J/kg
t
2
, C
2
: nhit va nhit dung ring cua nc
ngng,
0
C, J/kg
c) Nhit lng do long hi lu mang vao :
Q
R
= G
R
t
R
C
R
(J/h)
G
R
: Lng long hi lu, kg/h
G
R
= Rx.P= 3,458 1308,74= 4525,62 (kg/h)
t
R
, C
R
: Nhit va nhit dung dung ring
cua long hi lu
Ta co t
R
= t
P
= 57
o
C
C
57
R
= C
57
A
a
P
+ C
57
B
(1- a
P
)
C
A
, C
B
: tra bang I-153/171.I nhit
57
o
C va bng ni suy ta co:
C
57
A
= 2295,25 (J/kg)
C
57
B
= 1914,25 (J/kg)
=> C
57
R

= 2295,25. 0,955 + 1914,25.(1-
0,955) = 2278 (J/kg.)
Do o Q
R
= 4525,62 57 2278 = 590.10
6
(J/h)
d) Nhit lng do hi mang ra nh thap Q
y
:
d x d y y
R P G Q ) 1 ( + = =
d
: nhit tr cua hn hp hi nh thap,
(J/kg)

P P P P P d
t C r a a + = + =
2 1
) ' 1 ( '

1
,
2
: ham nhit cua Axtn va Benzen,
J/kg
C
P
: nhit dung ring cua hn hp hi ra
khoi thap nhit 57
o
C
C
P
= C
R
= 2278 (J/kg.) (tnh trn)
r
P
: n nhit hoa hi cua hn hp
nh thap tai nhit d 57
o
C
r
P
= r
A
a
P
+ r
B
(1- a
P
)
a
P
:la nng phn khi lng trong
hn hp hi nh thap
969 , 0
58
977 , 0 1
78
977 , 0
78
977 , 0
1
' =
+
=
+
=
A B
B
P
M
y
M
y
M
y
a (phn KL)
r
A
, r
B
: Nhit hoa hi cua Axtn, Benzen
57
o
C. Tra bang:
I-213/254.I va bng phng phap ni suy ta
co :
r
A
= 521,675.10
3
J/kg
r
B
= 410,25.10
3
J/kg
) / ( 10 . 22 , 518 ) 969 , 0 1 ( 10 . 25 , 410 969 , 0 . 10 . 675 , 521
3 3 3
kg J r
P
= + =
Suy ra
d
= r
P
+ C
P
t
P
= 518,22.10
3
+ 2278 57 =
648,07.10
3
(J/kg)
Vy Q
y
= P(Rx + 1)
d
= 1308,74.(1 +
3,458).648,07.10
3
= 3782,87.10
6
(J/h)
e) Nhit lng do san phm ay mang ra:
Q
W
= W.C
W
.t
W
, J/h
W : lng san phm ay, kg/h
t
W
: nhit san phm ay, t
W
= 78
o
C
C
W
: nhit dung ring san phm ay c xac
nh theo cng thc :
) 1 (
78 78 78
W B W A W
a C a C C =
C
A
78
, C
B
78
: nhit dung ring cua Axtn va Benzen
78
o
C. Tra bang
I-153/171.I va bng phng phap ni suy ta co
:
C
A
78
= 2363,5 J/kg.
C
B
78
= 2024,5 J/kg.
C
W
= 2363,5 0,042 + 2024,5 (1 - 0,042)
= 2038,74 (J/kg.)
Vy Q
W
=1982,93. 2038,74. 78 = 315,33. 10
6

(J/h)
f) Nhit lng do nc ngng mang ra :

2 2 2 2 2 2 2
t C D t C G Q
ng ng
= = , J/h
G
ng2
: lng nc ngng tu (kg/h) bng lng hi
nc cn thit un si dung dch ay thap
C
2
, t
2
: Nhit dung ring (J/kg.) va nhit cua
nc ngng (
o
C)
g) Nhit lng do tn tht ra mi trng xung quanh :
Q
xq2
= 0,05D
2
r
2
, J/h
Vy lng hi t cn thit un si dung dch
ay thap la :
55 , 1422
10 . 2264 95 , 0
10 ). 590 57 , 448 33 , 315 87 , 3782 (
95 , 0
3
6
2
2
=
+
=
+
=
r
Q Q Q Q
D
R F W y
(kg/h)
Vy lng hi nc bao hoa cn thit la:
D = D
1
+ D
2
= 135+ 1422,55 = 1557,55 (kg/h)
3. Cn bng nhit lng cho thit b ngng tu :
S dung thit b ngng tu hoan toan :
Phng trnh cn bng nhit lng :
P ( R
x
+ 1 ).r = G
n1
C
n
(t
2
- t
1
)
r : n nhit ngng tu cua hi nh thap
r = 518,22.10
3
(J/kg) (tnh phn Q
y

C
n
: Nhit dung ring cua nc nhit
trung bnh (t
1
+ t
2
)/2, J/kg.
t
1
, t
2
: Nhit vao, ra cua nc lam lanh,
o
C
G
n1
: Lng nc lanh tiu tn cn thit
h kg
t t C
r Rx P
G
n
n
/ ,
) (
) 1 (
1 2
1
+
=
Chon nhit vao cua nc lam lanh t
1
=25
o
C va
nhit ra t
2
= 45
o
C
Do o nhit trung bnh :
35
2
45 25
2
2 1
=
+
=
+
=
t t
t
tb

0
C
C
n
: nhit dung ring cua nc nhit
35
o
C. Tra bang I-147/165.I
C
n
= 0,99861 (kcal/kg.) = 4180 (J/kg.)
Vy lng nc lam lanh :
14 , 36166
) 25 45 ( 4180
10 . 22 , 518 ) 458 , 3 1 ( 74 , 1308
) (
) 1 (
3
1 2
1
=

+
=
+
=
t t C
r Rx P
G
n
n
(kg/h)
4. Cn bng nhit lng cho thit b lam lanh:
) ( ) (
1 2 2 2 1
t t C G C t t P
n n P
= ' '

2 1
' , ' t t : Nhit u, cui cua san phm nh a
ngng tu,
0
C
t
1
= t
P
= 57
o
C, t
2
= 25
o
C
t
1
= 25
o
C , t
2
= 45
o
C ,C
n
= 4180 (J/kg.)
C
P
: nhit dung ring san phm nh a ngng tu,
J/kg.
C
P
= 2278 (J/kg.) ( phn tnh Q
y
)
Lng nc lanh tiu tn la :
17 , 1141
) 25 45 ( 4180
) 25 57 ( 2278 74 , 1308
) (
) (
1 2
2 1
2
=

=
' '
=
t t C
C t t P
G
n
P
n
(kg/h)

Vy tng lng nc 25
0
C ,1amt cn dung ngng
tu va lam lanh la :
G
n
= G
n1
+ G
n2
= 36166,14 + 1141,17 = 37307,31
(kg/h)

B - THNG S CHNH CUA THAP
I. NG KNH THAP :
ng knh thap c tnh theo cng thc:

tb
tb
V
D
e t
=
3600
4
(m) cng thc (IX-
89)
V
tb
: lng hi trung bnh i trong thap
(m
3
/h)
e
tb
: vn tc hi trung bnh i trong thap
(m/s)

n'
2 2
1
1
2 2
g'1,y'1=yw
F,xF
n
G1,x1=xF
G'1,x'1
P,xP
GRx

V lng hi va lng long thay i theo chiu
cao thap va khac nhau trong mi oan nn lng hi
trung bnh trong tng oan khac nhau va do o ng
knh oan chng va oan luyn cua thap co th khac
nhau.

1 - ng knh oan luyn :
a/ Lu lng hi trung bnh trong oan luyn : co
th xem gn ung bng trung bnh cng lng hi i ra
khoi a trn cung cua thap g
va lng hi i vao
di cung g
1
cua oan luyn :
c tnh theo cng thc sau :

2
1
g g
g
d
tb
+
= (IX.91/181.II)
g
1
: lng hi i vao a di cung cua oan
luyn (kg/h)
g
: lng hi ra khoi thap a trn cung

(kg/h)
g
= G
R
+G
P
= G
P
(R
X
+1) (IX .92/181.II)
Vi G
R
: lng long hi lu , kg/h
G
P
: lng san phm nh (kg/h), G
P
= 1308,74
(kg/h)
Rx : ch s hi lu, Rx = 3,458
= > g

= 1308,74. (3,458+1) = 5834,36 (kg/h)
Ap dung phng trnh cn bng vt liu, nhit lng
cho a th nht cua oan luyn:
g
1
= G
1
+ G
P
(IX.93/182.II)
g
1
y
1
= G
1
x
1
+ G
P
x
P
(IX.94/182.II)
g
1
r
1
= g

(IX.95/182.II)
Vi :
- y
1
: nng cua cu t nhe trong pha hi
cua a th nht oan luyn
- x
1
: ham lng long a th nht oan
luyn
x
1
= x
F
= 0,405 (phn khi lng )
- G
P
= 1308,74 (kg/h) = 22,23 (kmol/h)
- r
1
: n hit hoa hi cua hn hp i vao
a th nht cua oan luyn (J/kg)
r
1
= r
A
y
1
+ r
B
(1 - y
1
)
r

: n nhit hoa hi cua hn hp hi i
ra khoi nh thap (J/kg)
r
= r
a
y

+ r
b
(1 - y

) = 518,22.10
3
(J/kg)
(a tnh phn TB ngng tu)
r
A
, r
B
: n nhit hoa hi cua Axtn va
Benzen nguyn cht
Tra bang I-212/254/I va ni suy ta co:
r
A
64,8
= 122,68 (kcal/mol) = 513636,62 (J/kg)
r
B
64,8
= 96,66 (kcal/mol) = 404696,1 (J/kg)
r
1
= 108,94. 10
3
.y
1
+404,7. 10
3

Vy ta co h phng trnh :
+ =
= =
+ =
+ =
3
1
3
1
3
1 1
1 1 1
1 1
10 . 7 , 404 . 10 . 94 , 108
10 . 3090493 22 , 518 67 , 5963 .
992 405 , 0 . .
74 , 1308
y r
r g
G y g
G g

Giai h ta c :
=
=
= =
= =
) / ( 94 , 5481
) / ( 68 , 6790
) / ( 10 . 225 , 456 ) / ( 97 , 108
) _ ( 547 , 0 ) _ ( 473 , 0
1
1
3
1
1
h kg G
h kg g
kg J kg kcal r
mol phan kl phan y

Suy ra lu lng hi trung bnh:
) / ( 75 , 1 ) / ( 52 , 6312
2
36 , 5834 68 , 6790
2
1
s kg h kg
g g
g
d
tb
= =
+
=
+
=
b/ Tnh khi lng ring trung bnh i vi pha hi
oan luyn:
| |
) / (
4 , 22
273 ) 1 (
3 1 1
m kg
T
M y M y
B tb A tb
ytb
+
= p (IX.102/183.II)
M
A
= 58 (kg/kmol) , M
B
= 78 (kg/kmol)
y
tb1
: nng d phn mol cua Axtn trong pha
hi oan luyn.
762 , 0
2
977 , 0 547 , 0
2
1
1
=
+
=
+
=
P
tb
y y
y (phn mol)
T: nhit lam vic trung bnh cua oan
luyn
K
t t
T
o F P
9 , 333 273
2
57 8 , 64
273
2
= +
+
= +
+
=
Do o :

| |
) / ( 291 , 2
9 , 333 4 , 22
273 . 78 ) 762 , 0 1 ( 58 762 , 0
3
m kg
ytb
=
+
= p
Vy ) / ( 36 , 2755
291 , 2
52 , 6312
3
h m
g
V
ytb
tb
tb
= = =
p

c/ Khi lng ring trung bnh i vi pha long oan
luyn
2
1
1
1
1 1
x
tb
x
tb
xtb
a a
p p p

+ = (IX-104a/183.II).

xtb
p : khi lng ring trung bnh cua hn hp
long trong oan luyn

2 1
,
x x
p p : khi lng ring trung bnh cua Axtn
va Benzene trong pha long ly theo nhit
TB (kg/m
3
), t
tb
= 60,9
0
C
) / ( 785 , 744
3 9 , 60
1 1
m kg
x x
= = p p (bangI-2/9/I)
) / ( 055 , 835
3 9 , 60
1 2
m kg
x x
= = p p
a
tb1
: phn khi lng trung bnh cua cu t
A trong pha long
68 , 0
2
955 , 0 42 , 0
2
1
=
+
=
+
=
P F
tb
a a
a
(phn khi lng )
472 , 771 =
xtb
p (kg/m
3
)
d/ Tm vn tc hi trung bnh i trong oan luyn:
Vn tc lam vic cua dong kh nho hn vn tc
ao pha t 10 20%.
Chon e
tb
= 0,8 .e
,
S
(m/s)
e
,
S
: la vn tc ao pha c tnh theo IX-115/187.II

8
1
4
1
16 , 0
3
2
75 , 1
'
lg
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
xtb
ytb
y
x
n
x
xtb d
ytb d S
G
G
A
gV p
p
u
u
p
p o =

Trong o
A = - 0,125

d
o :B mt ring cua m, (m
2
/m
3
)
V
: Th tch t do cua m, ( m
3
/m
3
)
y ta chon m Risiga, bng thep ln xn
co kch thc 25250,8 (mm), b mt ring
d
o = 220
(m
2
/m
3
), th tch t do V
= 0,92 (m
3
/m
3
), s m trong
1m
3
: 50.10
3
,khi lng ring xp la 640 (kg/m
3
).
g : Gia tc trong trng, g = 9,81(m/s
2
)

ytb xtb
p p , : khi lng ring trung bnh cua pha long
va pha hi (kg/m
3
)

n x
u u , : nht cua pha long nhit trung
bnh va cua nc 20
o
C
G
x
, G
y
: lu lng long va hi trung bnh,(kg/s)
* Xac nh nht
n x
u u , :
-
n
u : nht cua nc 20
o
C tra trong bang I-
102/94.I ta co :
) / ( 10 . 005 , 1 ) ( 005 , 1
2 3
m Ns Cp
n
= = u
- :
x
u nht cua hn hp long trong oan luyn
60,9
o
C, c tnh theo cng thc sau:
B tb A tb x
x x u u u lg ) 1 ( lg lg + =
722 , 0
2
966 , 0 478 , 0
2
=
+
=
+
=
P F
tb
x x
x (phn mol)
B A
u u , : nht cua Axtn va Benzene 60,9
0
C
I-101/91.I va bng phng phap ni suy ta co
:
) / ( 10 . 22865 , 0
2 3
m Ns
A
= u
) / ( 10 . 38667 , 0
2 3
m Ns
B
= u
) / ( 10 . 2646 , 0
2 3
m Ns
x
= u
* Tnh lu lng long, hi trung bnh trong oan
luyn:
2
1 R
x
G G
G
+
=
) / ( 257 , 1 ) / ( 62 , 4525 458 , 3 74 , 1308 s kg h kg R G G
x P R
= = = =
G
1
= 5481,94 (kg/h)
78 , 5003
2
62 , 4525 94 , 5481
=
+
=
X
G (kg/h) = 1,39 (kg/s)
52 , 6312
2
1
= =
+
=
tb
d
Y
g
g g
G (kg/h) =1,75 (kg/s)
Nh vy :
16 , 0
3
8
1
4
1
2
lg 75 , 1 ' lg
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
n
x
xtb d
ytb d
xtb
ytb
y
x
S
gV G
G
A
u
u
p
p o
p
p
e
16 , 0
3
8
1
4
1
005 , 1
2646 , 0
.
472 , 771 ) 92 , 0 ( 81 , 9
291 , 2 220
lg
472 , 771
291 , 2
75 , 1
39 , 1
75 , 1 125 , 0 ' lg 2 |
.
|
\
|

|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
S
e
313 , 1 ' =
S
e (m/s)
Vy tc lam vic : 05 , 1 ' . 8 , 0 = =
S tb
e e (m/s)
Vy ng knh oan luyn :
962 , 0
05 , 1 3600
36 , 2755 4
. 3600 .
. 4
=

= =
t e t
tb
tb
l
V
D (m)

2 - ng knh oan chng
a/ Lu lng hi trung bnh oan chng : c tnh
gn ung bng trung bnh cng cua lng hi ra khoi
oan chng va lng hi i vao oan chng :
2 2
1 1 1
g g g g
g
n
tb
' +
=
' + '
= '
V lng hi ra khoi oan chng bng lng hi i
vao oan luyn do o:
) / ( 68 , 6790
1
h kg g g
n
= =
Lng hi i vao oan chng g
1
, lng long G
1
, va
ham lng long x
1
trong oan chng c xac nh
bng h phng trnh sau :
W
G g G + ' = '
1 1
(1) (IX-
98/182.II)
W W
x G y g x G + ' = ' '
1 1 1 1
' (2) (IX-
99/182.II)
1 1 1 1
r g r g r g
n n
= ' ' = ' ' (3) (IX-
100/182.II)
Trong o :
y
1
= y
W
= 0,152 (phn mol) = 0,118 (phn khi
lng)
r
1
: n nhit hoa hi cua hn hp hi i vao
a th nht cua oan chng, c xac nh theo
cng thc trang 182.II :
) 1 (
1 1
y r y r r
B A
' + ' = '
r
A
, r
B
: n nhit hoa hi cua Axtn va Benzene
nhit t
W
= 78
o
C
tra bang I-212/254.I ta co:
r
A
= 119,05 (kcal/kg) = 498,44. 10
3
(J/kg)
r
B
= 94,35 (kcal/kg) = 395,024. 10
3
(J/kg)
3 3 3
1
10 . 227 , 407 10 ). 118 , 0 1 ( 024 , 395 118 , 0 10 . 44 , 498 = + = ' r (J/kg)
Vy : ) / ( 74 , 7607 68 , 6790
10 . 227 , 407
10 . 225 , 456
) 3 (
3
3
1
1
1
1
h kg g
r
r
g = =
'
= '
) / ( 67 , 9590 83 , 1982 74 , 7607 ) 1 (
1 1
h kg G g G
W
= + = + ' = '
102 , 0
67 , 9590
042 , 0 83 , 1982 118 , 0 74 , 7607 '
) 2 (
1
1 1
1
=
+
=
'
+ '
= '
G
x G y g
x
W W
(p. KL)
=0,12 (p. mol)
Vy lng hi trung bnh trong oan chng:
) / ( 21 , 7199
2
74 , 7607 68 , 6790
2
1 1
h kg
g g
g
tb
=
+
=
' +
= '
b/ Khi lng ring trung bnh i vi pha hi oan
chng :
Khi lng ring oan chng c tnh theo cng thc
sau:
| |
' . 4 , 22
273 ) ' 1 ( '
'
1 1
T
M y M y
B tb A tb
ytb
+
= p (kg/m
3
) (IX-
102/183.II)
Ta co : C
t t
t
o W F
tb
5 , 67
2
57 78
2
=
+
=
+
=
T = t
tb
+ 273 = 340,5
o
K
1
'
tb
y : phn mol cua Axeton trong hn hp hi
oan chng
3495 , 0
2
57 547 , 0
2
'
1
1
=
+
=
+
=
W
tb
y y
y (phn mol)
( ) | |
542 , 2
5 , 340 . 4 , 22
273 . 78 . 3495 , 0 1 58 . 3495 , 0
' =
+
=
ytb
p (kg/m
3
)
Vy ) / ( 49 , 2832
542 , 2
21 , 7199
'
'
3
h m
g
V
ytb
tb
tb
= =
'
=
p

c/ Khi lng ring trung bnh i vi pha long
oan luyn
2
1
1
1
' 1 '
'
1
x
tb
x
tb
xtb
a a
p p p

+ =
2235 , 0
2
042 , 0 405 , 0
2
'
1
=
+
=
+
=
W F
tb
a a
a (phn khi
lng)

2 1
,
x x
p p : khi lng ring cua Axeton va cua
Benzen nhit
trung bnh cua oan chng 67,5
o
C . Tra bang
I-2/9/I
) / ( 125 , 828
) / ( 88 , 725
3
2
3
1
m kg
m kg
x
x
=
=
p
p

Suy ra : 83 , 802 ' =
xtb
p (kg/m
3
)
d/ Tnh vn tc hi trung bnh trong oan chng:
Tng t trong oan luyn ta co : e
tb
= 0,85.e
,
S

8
1
4
1
16 , 0
3
2
'
'
'
'
75 , 1
'
'
' '
lg
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
xtb
ytb
y
x
n
x
xtb d
ytb d S
G
G
A
gV p
p
u
u
p
p o e

* Tnh nht
x n
' , u u :
Tng t trong oan luyn ta co :
) / ( 10 . 005 , 1 ) ( 005 , 1
2 3
m Ns Cp
n
= = u
B tb A tb x
x x u u u lg ) 1 ( lg ' lg + =
267 , 0
2
478 , 0 056 , 0
2
=
+
=
+
=
F W
tb
x x
x (phn mol)
B A
u u , : nht cua Axeton va Benzen
nhit 67,5
o
C :
Tra bang I.101/91/I
) / ( 10 . 36225 , 0
) / ( 10 . 21875 , 0
2 3
2 3
m Ns
m Ns
B
A
=
=
u
u

) / ( 10 . 3166 , 0 '
2 3
m Ns
x
= u
Chon m Rasiga bng thep co kch thc 35351,0 ,b
mt ring la 160 (m
2
/m
3
),th tch t do la 0,93 (m
3
/m
3
)
(chon m khac oan luyn thap ti u)
* Tnh lng long, hi trung bnh G
X
, G
Y
:
) / ( 0934 , 2 ) / ( 305 , 7536
2
67 , 9590 94 , 5481
2
'
1 1
s kg h kg
G G
G
x
= =
+
=
' +
=
) / ( 2 ) / ( 21 , 7199 s kg h kg g G
tb y
= = ' =
Do o :
2.
16 , 0
3
8
1
4
1
2
'
'
'
lg
'
'
'
'
75 , 1 ' lg
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
n
x
xtb d
ytb d
xtb
ytb
y
x
S
gV G
G
A
u
u
p
p o
p
p
e
|
.
|
\
|

|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
16 , 0
3
8
1
4
1
005 , 1
3166 , 0
83 , 802 ) 93 , 0 ( 81 , 9
542 , 2 160
lg
83 , 802
542 , 2
2
0934 , 2
75 , 1 125 , 0
) / ( 388 , 1 ' s m
S
= e
) / ( 11 . 1 ' . 8 , 0 ' s m
S tb
= = e e
Nh vy ng knh oan chng se la :
) ( 949 , 0
11 , 1 3600
49 , 2832 4
' . 3600 .
. 4
'
m
V
D
tb
tb
c
=

= =
t e t

Do ng knh oan chng va oan luyn chnh lch
nhau khng qua 10% nn ng nht hai gia tr ng
knh v gia tr ng knh chun.
Vy chon ng knh thap la D= 1,0 m (theo bang qui
chun cho ng kinh thap, 359.II).

II. CHIU CAO THAP CHNG LUYN:
Chiu cao thap chng luyn c tnh theo cng thc
IX-50/168.II
H = N
l
h
t
+ AH (m)
AH : chiu cao cua np va ay thap. y
thap lam vic ap sut
thng nn AH = (0,4 0,8) D = 0,6 1,0 = 0,6
m
(Np va ay thap co dang hnh elip)
N
l
: S bc thay i nng ly thuyt
h
t
: chiu cao tng ng cua bc thay i
nng , c tnh theo cng thc sau: (Trang
168/II)
x
y
y
x
f
x
y
e
y
x
d
x
y
c
d
b
d
a
y
tb y
td
G
G
m
mG
G
G
G
V
W
K h
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
1
lg
u
u
p
p
o
u
p

Hoc co th tnh theo cng thc (10-41/26.IV) :
( )
x
y
y
x
x
y
y
x
x
y
td td
G
G
m
mG
G
G
G
d h
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
' =
1
lg
e R 4 , 8
038 , 0
19 , 0
342 , 0
2 , 0
u
u
p
p

Trong o: k = 176,4 . m la gia tr TB cua
goc nghing cua ng cn bng v mt phng ngang.

1/ Chiu cao oan luyn
78 , 5003 =
x
G (kg/h) = 1,39 (kg/s)
52 , 6312 =
y
G (kg/h) = 1,75 (kg/s)
05 , 1 =
tb
e (m/s)

x
u = 0,2646.10
-3
(Ns/m
2
)

y
u : c tnh theo cng thc sau
B
B tb
A
A tb
y
hh
M y M y M
u u u
) 1 (
1 1

+ =
76 , 62 78 ) 762 , 0 1 ( 58 762 , 0 ) 1 (
1 1
= + = + =
B tb A tb hh
M y M y M
B A
u u , : nht cua hi Axeton va Benzen
67,5
o
C
Tnh theo cng thc: u
t
= u
0
.(273 + C) /(T+C)
) / ( 10 . 914 , 82
2 7
m Ns
A
= u (Trang116 /I)
) / ( 10 . 607 , 86
2 7
m Ns
B
= u
) / ( 10 . 973 , 83
2 7
m Ns
y
= u
6735 , 0
1
=
A
A
= =

=
n
x
y
n
tg
m
n
i
i
o

) / ( 472 , 771
3
m kg
x
= p , ) / ( 291 , 2
3
m kg
y
= p
), / ( 220
3 2
m m
d
= o ) / ( 92 , 0
3 3
m m V
d
=
0167 , 0
220
92 , 0 . 4 . 4
= = =
d
d
td
V
d
o
m
5220
10 . 97 , 83 92 , 0
291 , 2 0167 , 0 05 , 1
7
=

= = '

y d
y td tb
V
d
e R
u
p e

Do o :
( )
) ( 0511 , 1
78 , 5003
52 , 6312
6735 , 0 1
52 , 6312 6735 , 0
78 , 5003
lg
10 . 2646 , 0
10 . 973 , 83
291 , 2
17 , 771
78 , 5003
52 , 6312
5220 4 , 8 0167 , 0
038 , 0
3
7
19 , 0 342 , 0
2 , 0
m
h
td
=

|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=

Nh vy chiu cao oan luyn :
H
l
= 11,8 1,0511 = 12,403
(m)
2/ Chiu cao oan chng :
Ta co:
G
y
= 7199,21 (kg/h) = 2 (kg/s)
G
x
= 7531,305 (kg/h) = 2,092 (kg/s)
e
tb
= 1,11 (m/s)
) / ( 83 , 802
3
m kg
x
= p , ) / ( 542 , 2
3
m kg
y
= p
) / ( 10 . 3166 , 0
2 3
m Ns
x
= u

y
u : c tnh theo cng thc sau:
B
B tb
A
A tb
y
hh
M y M y M
u u u
) ' 1 ( '
1 1

+ =
71 78 * 6505 , 0 58 . 3495 , 0 ) ' 1 ( '
1 1
= + = + =
B tb A tb hh
M y M y M
B A
u u , : nht cua hi Benzen, Axit Axetic
67,5
o
C :
) / ( 10 . 371 , 88
2 7
m Ns
B
= u
) / ( 10 . 891 , 84
2 7
m Ns
A
= u

) / ( 10 . 3364 , 87
2 7
m Ns
y
= u
m : H s goc cua ng cn bng oan chng:
4976 , 1
1
=
A
A
= =

=
n
x
y
n
tg
m
n
i
i
o

) ( 0232 , 0
160
93 , 0 4 . 4
m
V
d
d
d
td
=
= =
o

8090
10 . 3364 , 87 93 , 0
542 , 2 0232 , 0 11 , 1
7
=

= = '

y d
y td tb
V
d
e R
u
p e

Do o :
( )
) ( 093 , 1
305 , 7536
21 , 7199 4976 , 1
1
21 , 7199 4976 , 1
305 , 7536
lg
10 . 3166 , 0
10 . 3364 , 87
542 , 2
83 , 802
305 , 7536
21 , 7199
8090 4 , 8 0232 , 0
038 , 0
3
7
19 , 0 342 , 0
2 , 0
m
h
td
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
=

Nh vy chiu cao oan chng:
H
c
= 1,093 4 = 4,3739 (m)
Nh vy chiu cao toan thap H = 12,403 + 4,374+ 0,6 =
17,38 (m)
III. TR LC CUA THAP:
Khi cht long chuyn ng t trn xung va cht
kh chuyn ng t di ln co th xay ra 4 ch
thuy ng : ch chay mang ; ch chay qua
; ch chay xoay va ch chay nhu tng.
Sc can thuy lc cua thap m i vi h hi
long im ao pha co th c xac nh theo cng
thc IX-118/189.II :
) / ( 1
2
m N
G
G
A P P
c
y
x
n
x
y
m
y
x
K U
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ A = A
u
u
p
p

U
P A : tn tht ap sut khi m t tai
im ao pha, N/m
2

K
P A : tn tht ap sut khi m kh, N/m
2
.
1 - i vi oan luyn
Tn tht ap sut m kh
K
P A c xac nh theo
cng thc IX-119/189.II :
y y
d
d
td
t y
K
V
H
d
H
P p e
o
e p
2
3
2
.
8 . 2
=

= A
Vi :
H = 12,403 m la chiu cao oan luyn

y
e : tc cua kh , ) / ( 05 , 1 s m
y
= e

t
e : tc thc cua kh trong lp m,
td
y
t
V
e
e =
: h s tr lc cua m, bao gm tr lc do
ma sat va tr lc cuc b
la ham s phu thuc vao chun s Rynn
Ta co > = 40 5220 Re'
y
ch chay xoay
888 , 2
5220
16
Re'
16
2 , 0 2 , 0
= = =
y

Vy 3210
92 , 0 8
291 , 2 05 , 1 220 403 , 12 888 , 2
3
2
=

= A
K
P N/m
2
.
* xac nh
U
P A , ta cn xac nh cac h s A,
m, n, c da vao bang IX.7/189.II :
Ta co : A = 5,15 ; m = 0,342 ; n = 0,19 ; c = 0,038
8960
10 . 97 , 83
2646 , 0
472 , 771
291 , 2
75 , 1
39 , 1
15 , 5 1 . 3210
038 , 0
7
19 , 0 342 , 0
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ = A

Ul
P (N/m
2
)
Tr lc trn oan luyn: AP
Ul
/ H
l
= 8960:12,403 = 722,4
(Pa/m)
2 - i vi oan chng :
Tn tht ap sut m kh
K
P A c xac nh theo
cng thc IX-119/189.II :
y y
d
d
td
t y
K
V
H
d
H
P p e
o
e p
2
3
2
.
8 . 2
=

= A
Trong o : H = 4,374 (m), Re= 8090
646 , 2
8090
16
Re'
16
2 , 0 2 , 0
= = =
y

Vy 904
93 , 0 8
542 , 2 11 , 1 160 374 , 4 646 , 2
3
2
=

= A
K
P (N/m
2
)
* xac nh
U
P A , ta cn xac nh cac h s A, m,
n, c da vao bang IX.7/189.II :
Ta co : A = 5,15 ; m = 0,342 ; n = 0,19 ; c = 0,038
2720
10 . 336 , 87
3166 , 0
83 , 802
542 , 2
2
092 , 2
15 , 5 1 904
038 , 0
7
19 , 0 342 , 0
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ = A

Uc
P (N/m
2
)
Tr lc trn oan chng la:AP
Uc
/H
c
= 2720:4,374 =
621,86 (Pa/m)
Tr lc oan chng va luyn u nm trong
khoang (400800 Pa/m) nn thoa man.

CH UNG 3: TNH C KH THIT B
CHNH

I. Chon vt liu:
Thap chng luyn ap sut kh quyn P = 760 mmHg =
1,01.10
5
N/m
2
la ap sut thp va trung bnh nn chon
thn thap hnh tru han (theo II.360).
Da vao XII.37/341.II ta chon thep tm X18H10T
II. Tnh chiu day thap:

Chiu day thn hnh tru lam vic di ap sut P
c tnh theo cng thc XIII.8/360.II
| |
) (
2
m C
P
P D
S
t
+
=
m o

Trong o : _ D = 1,0 m : ng knh trong cua thap .
_m : h s bn cua thanh hnh tru
theo phng doc: 9 , 0 = m
_C : h s b sung n mon, bao mon
va dung sai b day .
C c tnh theo cng thc sau :
C = C
1
+ C
2
+ C
3

- C1 : b sung do n mon, xut phat t
iu kin n mon vt liu cua mi
trng va thi gian lam vic cua thit
b
C
1
= 1 mm = 10
-3

m, do
vt liu bn
- C
2
: ai lng b sung do hao mon . i
vi thap chng ct C
2
= 0.
- C
3
: ai lng b sung do dung sai cua
chiu day, C
3
phu thuc vao
b day tm vt liu, theo bang
XIII-9/364.II chon
C
3
=
0,22 mm = 0,22.10
-3
m .
C = 1+ 0 + 0,22 = 1,22mm = 1,22.10
-3

m.
_ [o]: ng sut cho phep cua thep khng g
| | ) / (
2
m N
n
b
t
k
k
n
o
o = (XIII.1/355 II)
| | n
o
o
c
t
c
k
n
= (N/m
2
) (XIII.2/356 II)
Trong o : _ n la h s hiu
n=1 (XIII.2/356.II)
_ n
b
, n
C
: la h s an
toan theo gii han bn, gii han chay
(XIII.3/356.II).
n
k
= 2,6 ; n
C
= 1,5

_ o
t
k
, o
t
C
: gii han bn khi keo,gii
han bn khi chay tra
trong bang (XII.4/310.II) ng vi
thep X18H10T ta co s liu
day 1 3 mm, o
t
k
=
540.10
6
N/m
2
, o
t
C
= 220.10
6
N/m
2
Vy ng sut cho phep:
| | ) / ( 10 . 7 , 270
6 , 2
10 . 540
2 6
6
m N
n
k
k
k
= = = n
o
o
| | ) / ( 10 . 67 , 146
5 , 1
10 . 220
2 6
6
m N
n
c
c
c
= = = n
o
o
Vy | | o nhn gia tr nho hn | |
c
o = 146,67.10
6

(N/m
2
)
_ P = P
l
+ P
mt

P
l
: ap sut thuy tnh P
l
=
gH
x
p
H = 17,38 (m) : chiu cao thap
p
x
: khi lng ring cua
cht long trong thap, kg/m
3

) / ( 15 , 787
2
83 , 802 472 , 771
2
'
3
m kg
xtb xtb
x
=
+
=
+
=
p p
p
) / ( 34 , 134207 38 , 17 81 , 9 15 , 787
2
1
m N P = =
P
mt
= P
kk
=101325(N/m
2
)=1,0133at
P = 134207,34 + 101325 = 235532,34 (N/m
2
)
Vy chiu day thep c xac nh:
| |
| |
C
P
D
C
P
P D
S
t t
+
= +
=
1
2
2
m o
m o
(m)
V: 45 , 560
34 , 235532
9 , 0 . 10 . 67 , 146 ] .[ 2
6
= =
P
m o
>>1 nn co th bo qua 1
) ( 10 . 004 , 3 10 . 22 , 1
45 , 560
0 , 1
3 3
m S

= + =
Chon S = 4 (mm)
+ Kim tra ng sut cua thanh theo ap sut th P
o
(
dung nc ). Ap sut th c tnh theo cng thc
sau:
P
o
= P
1
+ P
th

P
th
: ap sut thuy lc ly theo bang
XIII.5/358.II
P
th
= 1,5 P =1,5 235532,34 = 353298,51 (N/m
2
)
P
o
= 353298,51 + 134207,34 = 487505,85 (N/m
2
)
Xac nh ng sut th thn thit b theo cng thc
XIII.26/365.II
| | | |
6
3
3
10 . 69 , 97
9 , 0 . 10 ). 22 , 1 4 .( 2
85 , 487505 . 10 ). 22 , 1 4 ( 0 , 1
) .( 2
) (
=
+
=
+
=

m
o
C S
P C S D
o t
(N/m
2
)
) / ( 10 . 33 . 183
2 , 1
10 . 220
2 , 1
2 6
6
m N
c
= = <
o
o
Vy S = 4 (mm) thoa man iu kin .
III. Tnh ay va np thit b
Np va ay thit b lam cung loai vt liu vi
thn thit b,chon ay va np thit b co g. Vi
D= 1,0 m da vao bang XIII.10/382.II. Ta co :
+ Chiu cao phn li ra : h
b
= 0,25.D =300 mm
+ Chiu cao cua g: h = 25 mm
+ Chiu day ay va np ay va np c xac nh
theocng thc (XIII.47/385.II):
| |
C
h
D
P k
P D
S
b
t
h
t
+
=
2 8 , 3 m o
,(m)
Trong o: _ k la h s khng th nguyn, chon k= 1
(k= 1- d/D )
_m
h
la h s bn cua mi han hng
tm, co m
h
=0,95 (bang XIII.8/362.II)
Ta xet ai lng :
| |
30 58 , 591 95 , 0 1
34 , 235532
10 67 , 146
6
> =
=
h
k
P
m
o

nn co th bo qua P mu s trong cng thc tnh S
=>
| |
C C C
h
P
k
D
S
b
h
+ = +
= + =
3
2 2
10 . 89 , 0
25 , 0 2
1
58 , 591 8 , 3
0 , 1
2
1
8 , 3
m o
(m)
Ta co : S
thap
- C = 4 -1,22 = 2,78 mm < 10 mm => b sung
thm 2mm vao gia tr C ban u tnh.
Vy b day ay, np la: S

= 0,89 + 1,22 + 2= 4,11 mm
Chon S
= 5 (mm)
Kim tra ng sut thanh theo ap sut th (
XIII.49/387.II)
| |
| |
3
3 2
2
10 ) 22 , 3 5 ( 25 , 0 95 , 0 1 6 , 7
85 , 487505 10 ) 22 , 3 5 ( 25 , 0 2 0 , 1
) .( . . . 6 , 7
) ( 2

+
=
+
=
C S h k
P C S h D
b h
o b t
m
o
= 151,87.10
6
(N/m
2
)
) / ( 10 . 33 , 183
2 , 1
2 6
m N
c
= <
o
o
Vy S
= 5 mm thoa man iu kin

IV. Tnh b day lp cach nhit:
tranh tn tht nhit cho mi trng xung
quanh, am bao cho qua trnh chng luyn at hiu
sut cao nht th ta phai trang b cho thap chng
luyn mt lp cach nhit .
Chon vt liu cach nhit bng bng thuy tinh co
h s dn nhit nho vi :
0372 , 0 = (W/m)
) / ( 200
3
m kg = p
Thng s thn thap : (XII.7/313/II)
H s dn nhit cua thep X18H10T la =16,3
(W/m)
Chiu day thn thap o = 4 mm = 4.10
-3
m
Nhit khng kh : T
2
= 25
o
C
Nhit trung bnh thap : C
t t
t
o tbL tbC
o
2 , 64
2
5 , 67 9 , 60
2
=
+
=
+
=
Chp nhn qua trnh truyn nhit trn la qua trnh
truyn nhit n nh . Xem nhit truyn t bn
trong ra ngoai theo tng phng nhiu lp .
Chp nhn nhit mt ngoai cua lp cach nhit
t
1
= 35
o
C
Tnh tn tht nhit ra mi trng xung quanh theo
cng thc :
2 2 2
. t q A = o (W/m
2
)
2
o - h s cp nhit bng bc xa va i
lu t b mt lp cach nhit
ra mi trng khng kh,
c tnh theo cng thc V-135 /41.II

2 2
058 , 0 3 , 9 t A + = o (W/m
2
)
At
2
- hiu s nhit gia
tng bn ngoai cua thit b vi mi trng
C t
o
10 25 35
2
= = A 88 , 9 10 058 , 0 3 , 9
2
= + = o
(W/m
2
)
) / ( 8 , 98 10 88 , 9
2
2 2 2
m W t q = = A = o
Nhit lng truyn t trong thap ra mt ngoai lp
cach nhit :
) / (
2
1 1
m W t K q A =
K : h s truyn nhit, W/m
2
.
1
t A : Hiu s nhit gia nhit trong
thap va nhit mt ngoai thap
V truyn nhit n nh nn q
1
= q
2
= q .
383 , 3
35 2 , 64
8 , 98
1
1
=
=
A
=
t
q
K (W/m
2
)
Mt khac : K = r
cn
cn
cn
th
th
o
+ +
Theo bang V-1 / 4.II ta co:
3
10 387 , 0

=
can
r (m
2
/W)
01097 , 0 0372 , 0
3 , 16
10 . 4
10 . 387 , 0
383 , 3
1 1
3
3
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ =
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ =

cn
th
th
can cn
r
K

o
o (m)
Vy chon b day lp cach nhit o
cn
= 11 (mm)
V. Tnh ng knh ng dn
1. Dng knh ng dn san phm nh:
ng knh ng dn san phm nh c tnh theo cng
thc II-36 / 369.I:
) (
785 . 0
4
m
V V
d
e te
= =
V : lu lng th tch san phm nh (m
3
/s)
e : vn tc trung bnh cua lu th.
Chon vn tc hi i trong ng
la e = 20 m/s.(II.2/369.I)
Lu lng san phm nh : g
d
=1308,74(kg/h)
Khi lng ring san phm nh
) / ( 291 , 2
3
m kg
ytb
= p
) / ( 1587 , 0 ) / ( 253 , 571
391 , 2
74 , 1308
3 3
s m h m
g
V
ytb
d
= = = =
p

) ( 1 , 0
20 785 , 0
1587 , 0
m d =
=
Vy chon d = 100 (mm)
2. ng knh ng dn hn hp u:

Tng t ta co : ) (
785 , 0
4
m
V V
d
e te
= =
- Lu lng hn hp u : G
d
= 3291,67(kg/h) =48,096
(kg/s)
- Khi lng ring hn hp u c tnh theo cng
thc :

B
F
A
F
x
a a
p p p

+ =
1 1

a
F
= 0,405 (phn khi lng)
B A
p p , : khi lng ring cua Axeton va Benzen
nhit t
F
=64,8
o
C
Tra bang I-2/9.I bng phng phap ni suy ta
co :
) / ( 52 , 739
3 8 , 64
m kg
A
= p
) / ( 96 , 830
3 8 , 64
m kg
B
= p
) / ( 33 , 791
3
m kg
x
= p
Vy ) / ( 10 . 155 , 1 ) / ( 16 , 4
33 , 791
67 , 3291
3 3 3
s m h m V

= = =
Do hn hp t chay vao thap nn chon e =
0,1 (m/s) theo bang II-2/ 369.I

1213 , 0
1 , 0 785 , 0
10 . 155 , 1
3
=
=

d (m) = 122 mm
3. ng knh ng dn san phm ay:
) (
785 . 0
4
m
V V
d
e te
= =

=
=
) / ( 1 , 0 s m
G
V
x
w
e
p
Lu lng san phm ay : G
W
= 1982,93(kg/h)
= 0,551 (kg/s)
Khi lng ring san phm ay tnh theo
cng thc sau :

B
w
A
w
x
a a
p p p

+ =
1 1

a
W
= 0,042 ( phn khi lng)
B A
nhit t
W
=78
o
C
Tra bang I-2/ 9.I & bng phng phap ni suy ta
co :
) / ( 7 , 721
3 78
m kg
A
= p
) / ( 1 , 817
3 78
m kg
B
= p
Vy ) / ( 6 , 812
3
m kg
x
= p
=> ) / ( 10 . 68 , 0 ) / ( 44 , 2
6 , 812
93 , 1982
3 3 3
s m h m V

= = =
=
=

1 , 0 785 , 0
10 . 68 , 0
3
d 0,093 (m) = 93 mm
4. ng knh ng hi lu
) (
785 , 0
4
m
V V
d
e te
= =
Lu lng hi lu : G
Rx
=P.Rx=1308,743,458
=4525,62 ( kg/h)
Hn hp t chay vao thap nn ta chon e =
0,1(m/s)
Khi lng ring san phm hi lu c
tnh theo cng thc sau:

B
P
A
P
x
a a
p p p

+ =
1 1

a
P
= 0,955 ( phn khi lng)
B A
nhit t
P
=57
o
C
) / ( 3 , 749
3 57
m kg
A
= p
) / ( 3 , 839
3 57
m kg
B
= p
Vy ) / ( 74 , 756
3
m kg
x
= p
=> ) / ( 10 . 66 , 1 ) / ( 98 , 5
74 , 756
62 , 4525
3 3 3
s m h m
G
V
x
Rx
= = = =
p

) ( 145 , 0
1 , 0 785 , 0
10 . 66 , 1
3
m d =
=

= 145 mm
VI. MT BCH :
Chon kiu bch (XIII.20/408.II)
1. Bch ni thit b :
T ng knh trong cua thap da vao bang (
XIII.27/420.II) ta chon bch kiu 4 ni cac oan
cua thn thap, ni thn vi ay va np ( P
o
=
487505,85 (N/m
2
))
S liu cua bch c cho bang sau :
P
y
.1
0
6
N/m
2

D
t

mm
Kch thc ni (mm) Kiu bch
D D
b
D
1
D
0
Bulng 4
d
b
Z h h
1
0,6 1000 1140 1090 1060 1013 M20 28 30 4
2. Bch ni thit b vi ng dn :
Chon mt bch kiu 1 cho cac ng dn theo bang
(XIII.26/412.II):

ng dn
D
y
,
mm
D
n
,
mm
Kch thc ng
ni
Bulng
h,
mm
D,mm
D
o
,mm
D
1
,mm
d
b
,mm
Z
(ca
i)
San phm
ay
(d=93)
100 10
8
205 170 148 M16 4 14
San phm
nh
(d=100)
125 13
3
235 200 178 M16 8 14
Hn hp
u
(d=122)
125 13
3
235 200 178 M16 8 14
Long hi
lu
(d=145)
150 15
9
260 225 202 M16 8 16

D
t
D
1
D
y
D
n
D

d
b

h

VII. KCH THC A PHN PHI VA LI M
Theo bang IX.22/230.II, vi ng knh trong cua
thap chng luyn D
t
= 1,0 (m) =1000 (mm) ta co kch
thc sau :
- ng knh a : D
d
= 600 (mm)
- ng dn cht long : d S = 44,52,5 (mm) ; bc
ng t = 70 ; s lng ng dn loai 2 la 40 ng ;
chiu day a loai 2 la 4 (mm)
- Li m : ng knh li la D
L
= 980 (mm)
; chiu rng cua bc li
b = 41,5 (mm).
VIII. CA NI THIT B VI NG DN
ng dn ni vi thit b thng qua mi ghep thao
c hoc khng thao c. i vi mi ghep thao
c ngi ta lam oan ng ni , o la oan ng
ngn co mt bch hay ren ni ng . Loai mt bch
thng dung ni vi ng co D
y
> 10 mm ; loai ren
thng ni ng co D
y
< 10 mm . Chiu dai oan ng
ni xac nh theo bang XIII- 32/434.II nh sau:
ng knh ng Chiu dai oan
ng ni(mm)
93 (mm) 150
100 150
122 175
145 175
IX. TAI TREO VA CHN THIT B
1 - Khi lng toan thap
Khi lng cua thap bao gm tng khi lng cua
thn thap, ay, np, lp cach nhit, cht long
trong thap, bch va a.
a- Khi lng thn thap:
Thn thap lam bng thep X18H10T co khi lng ring
la 7900(kg/m
3
) gm co thn thn thap , phn g d cua
ay va np thap :
- Vo thap co b day 4 mm ; D
t
= 1000 mm; D
n
= 1004
mm ; chiu cao H = 17,38 m
Do o khi lng toan thn thap :
( ) ( ) ) ( 42 , 864 0 , 1 004 , 1
4
38 , 17 .
7900
4
2 2 2 2
1
kg D D
H
M
t n
= = =
t t
p
- Phn g d cua ay va np :
H
2
= 2.h =230 = 60 (mm) = 0,06(m)
Suy ra khi lng phn g d :
( ) ) ( 3 ) 0 , 1 004 , 1 (
4
. 06 , 0
7900
4
2 2 2 2 2 '
1
kg D D
H
M
t n
= = =
t t
p
b- Khi lng ay va np thap : vi b day 5mm ;
g 30 mm c cho trong bang XIII.11/384.II:
M
2
= 141,012=28,28 (kg)
c- Khi lng lp cach nhit :
) ' ' (
4
2 2
3 3 t n
D D
H
M =
t
p
Vi
cn
o = 11 mm ; suy ra : D
n
= 1015 mm ; D
t
=
1004 mm
) ( 6 , 60 ) 004 , 1 015 , 1 (
4
38 , 17
200
2 2
3
kg M =
=
t

d - Khi lng cht long trong thap :
thun li cho vic tnh toan, ngi ta chp
nhn cht long chim toan b thap bo qua phn
chim cua m vi khi lng ring cua long ln
nht : ) / ( 6 , 812
3
max
m kg
x
= = p p .
Vy khi lng long la:
) ( 2 , 11092
4
0 , 1 38 , 17
6 , 812
4
2
2
max 4
kg
D H
M
t
=

= =
t
t
p
e - Tng khi lng bch:
* Khi lng cac bch ni thn, np va ay :
( ) | | ( ) | | ) ( 25 , 158 03 , 0 . 004 , 0 . 2 0 , 1 140 , 1 .
4
. 7900 . 3 . 2
4
2 2 2 2
1
kg h S D D n m
t
= + = + =
t t
p
Vi : n = 3(s bch) ; D = 1140 mm ; D
t
= 1,0m
;S = 0,004 m ; h = 0,03m
* Khi lng cac bch ni ng dn vi thn thap
:
- Bch ni ng dn hn hp u vao thap:
kg h D D m
n d
26 , 3 7900 . 014 , 0 ). 133 , 0 235 , 0 (
4
. ). .(
4
2 2 2 2
= = =
t
p
t

Vy khi lng cp bch nay :
m
2
= 2.3,26 = 6,52 kg
- Bch ni ng dn hi ra khoi nh thap :
m
3
= kg 52 , 6 7900 . 014 , 0 ). 133 , 0 235 , 0 .(
4
. 2
2 2
=
t

- Bch ni ng dn dung dch ay :
m
4
= 2. kg 27 , 5 7900 . 014 , 0 ). 108 , 0 205 , 0 .(
4
2 2
=
t

- Bch ni ng dn long hi lu :
m
5
= 2. kg 4 , 8 7900 . 016 , 0 ). 159 , 0 260 , 0 .(
4
2 2
=
t

Vy tng khi lng cac loai bch ni thn, np,
ay va ng dn :
M
5
= m
1
+m
2
+m
3
+m
4
+m
5
= 181,7 kg

f- Khi lng m :
Mt cach gn ung xem m y thap.
oan luyn:
Khi lng ring m : ) / ( 640
3
m kg
d
= p (193/II)
Suy ra khi lng m oan luyn:
) ( 76 , 6229 0 , 1 . 4 , 12 .
4
. 640
4
2 2
kg HD M
t d l
= = =
t t
p
oan chng: p
=570 (kg/m
3
)
) ( 15 , 1957 0 , 1 . 374 , 4 .
4
. 570
4
2 2
kg D H M
t c d c
= = =
t t
p
M6 =5229,76 + 1957,15 =8186,9 (kg)
Vy tai trong cua toan thap :
M = M
1
+ M
1
+ M
2
+ M
3
+ M
4
+ M
5
+ M
6
= 19552,5(kg)

2- Tai treo, chn
Do chiu cao thap ln nn ta dung 3 tai treo, tai
trong trn mi tai treo la:
M= 7 , 63936 81 , 9
3
5 , 19552
= (N)
Chon tai treo (VIII-36/438.II):
L B B
1
H S l a d
270 240 240 420 14 120 25 34
CHNG IV : TNH THIT B PHU
I - TNH THIT B UN SI HN HP U:
i vi qua trnh chng luyn, nng cao hiu qua
lam vic th hn hp u thng a vao thap
trang thai long si (xet n anh hng cua trang
thai nhit ng) nhm tao ra s tip xuc tt gia
2 pha long - hi. iu nay c thc hin nh thit
b un si hn hp u .
Da trn cac tiu chun kinh t, ky thut ta chon
thit b un nong kiu ng chum. Tac nhn un nong
la hi nc bao hoa v no co h s cp nhit ln
va n nhit ngng tu cao.
1 - Din bin cua qua trnh :
Trong thc t nhit lng bao gi cung truyn
t ni co nhit cao n ni co nhit thp.
Vi thit b ma ta tnh th nhit lng truyn t
pha hi bao hoa co nhit t
0
1
vao pha dung dch
si co nhit t
0
2
. Ta ky hiu nhit lng truyn
qua mt n v b mt ng truyn nhit la q (W/m
2
).
Qua trnh truyn nhit c m ta nh sau: nhit
lng q
1
t pha hi ngng tu co h s cp nhit o
1

(W/m
2
.), nhit t
1
truyn qua lp mang nc ngng
co nhit t
m
, qua lp cn bam vao thanh (t
0
c1
).
Ri qua ng truyn nhit (o=3mm) co nhit thanh
T

T1d

ngoai la t
T1
va nhit thanh trong la t
T2
, qua lp
cn trong cui cung n cht long si co h s
cp nhit la o
2
, nhit t
0
2
. Ky hiu nhit lng
truyn n q
2
(W/m
2
).
Lu lng hn hp u : F = 3291,67 kg/h =
48,096 kmol/h
Thanh phn khi lng: a
F
= 0,405 (phn khi
lng)
Thanh phn mol : x
F
= 0,478 (phn mol)
Hi nc bao hoa : 99,1
o
C (hi)99,1
o
C (long),
ap sut P= 1 atm
Hn hp u : 25
0
C (long ngui) 64,8
0
C
(long si )

Hiu s nhit gia cht
tai nhit va lu th:
C T
o
1 , 74 25 1 , 99
1
= = A
C T
O
3 , 34 8 , 64 1 , 99
2
= = A
Hiu s nhit trung bnh
tnh theo hiu s nhit trung
bnh logarit v: 2
2
1
>
A
A
T
T
:
C
T
T
T T
T
o
tb
72 , 51
3 , 34
1 , 74
lg 3 , 2
3 , 34 1 , 74
lg 3 , 2
2
1
2 1
=
=
A
A
A A
= A
2 -Tnh lng nhit trung bnh truyn qua mt n v
b mt ng truyn nhit:
a- H s cp nhit cua hi nc ngng tu bn ngoai
thanh ng :
1
o
25 , 0
1
1
04 , 2
|
|
.
|
\
|
A
=
t H
r
A o (V.101/ 28.II).
Trong o
r : n nhit ngng tu cua hi nc bao
hoa 99,1
o
C, r = 2264.10
3
J/kg .
(bang I-250/ 312.I)
H : chiu cao ng : chon H = 1,5 m

1
t A : hiu s nhit gia hi nc
ngng va thanh ngoai ng, At
1
= t
1
- t
T1

chon
1
t A = 1
o
C t
T1
= 99,1-2= 97,1
o
C
T

99,1
0
C

T1c

A : h s phu thuc vao nhit mang
t
m__
:
Vi : C
t t
t
o
m
98,6
2
1 1 , 99 2
2
2
1 1
=

=
A
=
A = 178,3 (bang trang 29.II)
12749,05
5 , 1 1
10 . 2264
178,3 04 , 2
25 , 0
3
1
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
= o (W/m
2
)
) / ( 05 , 12749 1 05 , 12749
2
1 1 1
m W t q = = A = o
b- Tnh h s cp nhit cho hn hp :
2
o
- Tnh
d
N
u
o =
2

Trong o :
: H s dn nhit cua hn hp
T
tb
= 99,1-51,72 = 47,38
o
C, c tnh theo cng thc sau:
( )
2 1
1
F F
a a + = vi a
F
= 0,405 (phn
khi lng)

2 1
, : h s dn nhit cua Axeton
va Benzen 47,38
o
C
165 , 0 1 = (W/m.) (bang I.130/134.I)
139 , 0
2
= (W/m.) (bang I.130/134.I)
149 , 0 = (W/m.)
Chon ng knh ng d = 0,02m =20mm
Chun s N
u
c tnh theo cng thc (V-
40/14.II) trong trng hp cp nhit khi dong chay
xoay trong ng :
25 , 0
43 , 0 8 , 0
1
Pr
Pr
Pr 021 , 0
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
t
e u
R N c
1
c : h s hiu chnh tnh n anh hng cua
ty s gia chiu dai va ng
knh ng. Vi R
e
= 10
4
, theo bang V-
2/15.II ta co :
1 75
02 , 0
5 , 1
1
= = = c
d
l

Pr
t
:Chun s Prant cua dong tnh theo nhit
trung bnh cua tng. V chnh lch nhit
gia thanh ng va dong nho nn 1
25 . 0
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
rt
r
P
P

Chun s Prant c xac nh theo cng thc V-
35/12.II

u C
P
r
=
C : nhit dung ring cua hn hp u 47,38
o
C:
C = a
F
C
A
+ (1-a
F
)C
B

C
A
, C
B
: nhit dung ring cua Axeton va Benzen
47,38
o
C theo Bang I.154 /171.I :

38 , 47
A
C = 2264 (J/kg.)

38 , 47
B
C = 1863,7 (J/kg.)
a
F
= 0,405 (phn khi lng)
85 , 2025 = C (J/kg.)
u : nht cua hn hp 47,38
o
C:

B F A F
x x u u u lg ) 1 ( lg lg + =
Vi : x
F
= 0,478 (phn mol)

B A
u u , la nht cua Axeton va Benzen
47,38
o
C, theo bang I.101/91.I
) / ( 10 . 2488 , 0
2 3
m Ns
A
= u
) / ( 10 . 4507 , 0
2 3
m Ns
B
= u
) / ( 10 . 3542 , 0
2 3
m Ns
= u
Do o : 82 , 4
149 , 0
10 . 3592 , 0 85 , 2025
3
=
= =

u C
P
r

( ) 45 , 65 1 ) 82 , 4 ( 10 1 021 , 0
43 , 0
8 , 0
4
= =
u
N
Vy : 7 , 487
02 , 0
149 , 0 45 , 65
2
=
= =
d
N
u
o (W/m
2
)
- Tm
2
t A :
2 2 2
t t t
T
= A
ma:
T T T
t t t A =
1 2

Ta co chnh lch nhit tng :
1
.q r t
T
E = A
Trong o:
3 2 1
r r r r + + = E
r
1
: nhit tr cua cn bn mt trong: r
1
=
0,116.10
-3
(m
2
/W)
(bang V.1/4.II)
r
2
: nhit tr thanh ng (lam bng thep
khng g 40XFA) co b day
mm m 2 002 , 0 = = o ; 4 , 52 = (W/m)

3
2
10 . 038 , 0
4 , 52
002 , 0

= = =
o
r (m
2
/W)
r
3
: nhit tr cua nc: r
3
= 0,3.10
-3

(m
2
/W) (V-1/4.II)
3
10 . 454 , 0

= E r (m
2
/W)
C t
o
T
79 , 5 10 . 454 , 0 05 , 12749
3
= = A

C t
T
0
2
3 , 92 79 , 5 1 , 98 = =
C t
o
5 , 27 8 , 64 3 , 92
2
= = A
) / ( 57 , 13417 5 , 27 7 , 487
2
2 2 2
m W t q = = A = o
9 , 4 049 , 0
57 , 13417
57 , 13417 05 , 12749
2
2 1
= =
q
q q
< 5
) / ( 31 , 13083
2
57 , 13417 05 , 12749
2
2 2 1
m W
q q
q
tb
=
+
=
+
=
3- Tnh b mt truyn nhit :
tb
q
Q
F =
Q : chnh la lng nhit do hi nc bao hoa
cp cho hn hp u no tng nhit t 25
0
C
n 64,8
0
C :
T C G Q
F
A =
C =2025,85 (J/kg.)
G
F
= 3291,67(kg/h) =0,91 (kg/s)
C T
o
8 , 39 25 8 , 64 = = A
) ( 2 , 73372 8 , 39 91 , 0 85 , 2025 W Q = =
Vy b mt truyn nhit :
) ( 61 , 5
31 , 13083
2 , 73372
2
m
q
Q
F
tb
= = =
S ng trao i nhit :
54 , 69
5 , 1 02 , 0
61 , 5
=

= =
t tdH
F
n (ng)
Theo bang V.11/48.II, ta chon s ng la 61 va sp
xp theo hnh 6 canh u th ta b tr 61 ng thanh 4
vong sau canh vi s ng trn ng cheo chnh cua
hnh 6 canh la 9 ng .
Theo cng thc V.140/49.II th ng knh trong cua
thit b c tnh :
D = t.(b -1) + 4.d
n
, m
Vi d
n
: ng knh ngoai cua ng
truyn nhit
d
n
= 0,02 + 0,002.2 = 0,024 m
t : bc ng , t = 1,2.d
n
= 0,0288 m
b: s ng trn ng cheo chnh cua hnh
sau canh , b = 9
= > D = 0,0288(9-1) + 40,024 = 0,3326 m.
Chon D = 0,4 m.
Vy thit b co ng knh trong la 400 mm, gm 61
ng xp theo hnh luc giac u gm 5 vong. Mi ng
dai 1,5 m, ng knh trong 0,02 m, day 0,002 m .
II - TNH VA CHON BM :
vn chuyn hn hp u t b cha ln thung
cao v, ta phai s dung bm thuy lc. Trong iu
kin nng sut va yu cu v kinh t, ky thut
vn chuyn hn hp Benzen - Axtn nhit mi
trng ta chon bm ly tm. Loai bm nay co nhng u
im sau:
- Vn chuyn cht long lin tuc va u n .
- Co s vong quay ln, co th truyn ng trc
tip t ng c in
- Co th bm c nhng cht long bn va nhiu
cht long khac nhau
- Khng co suppape nn t b tc va h hong
1- Tnh nng sut th tch bm
Hn hp u 25
o
C co lu lng G
F
= 3291,67(kg/h)
ng vi nng sut cua bm la :
p
F
G
Q =
p : khi lng ring cua hn hp u 25
o
C,
c tnh theo cng thc :
25 25
1 1
B
F
A
F
a a
p p p

+ =
a
F
= 0,405 (phn khilng)
25 25
,
B A
p p : khi lng ring cua Axeton va
Benzen 25
o
C, tra bang
I-12/ 9.I ta co :
) / ( 25 , 785
3 25
m kg
A
= p
) / ( 75 , 873
3 25
m kg
B
= p
) / ( 9 , 837
3 25
m kg = p
Vy nng sut th tch cua bm la :
) / ( 10 1 , 1 ) / ( 93 , 3
9 , 837
67 , 3291
3 3 3
s m h m Q

= = =
- ng knh ng cua bm c tnh theo II-36/369.I
:
e 785 , 0
V
d =
e : vn tc cua cht long trong ng, theo
bang II-2/ 369.I
ta chon e =1,5m/s
Do o : ) ( 31 ) ( 0304 , 0
5 , 1 785 , 0
10 . 1 , 1
3
mm m d = =
=

2- Tnh ap sut toan phn cua bm :
Ap sut toan phn cua bm c tnh theo h thng
cng thc II- 53/376.I :
k H C m d
P P P P P P A + A + A + A + A = A
d
P A : ap sut ng lc hoc
m
P A : ap sut khc phuc lc ma sat khi
dong chay n nh trong ng thng
C
P A : ap sut cn thit khc phuc tr
lc cuc b
H
P A : ap sut nng cht long ln cao hoc
khc phuc ap sut thuy tnh
k
P A : ap sut b sung khi cn thit
a - Tnh ap sut ng lc hoc
d
P A :
Theo cng thc II-54/376.I :
2
2
e
p = A
d
P , N/m
2
Vi ) / ( 9 , 837
3
m kg = p la khi lng ring cua hn hp
u 25
o
C
e : vn tc cht long, theo trn e = 1,5(m/s)
) (N/m 6 , 942
2
5 , 1
9 , 837
2
2
= = A
d
P
b - Tnh ap sut khc phuc tr lc ma sat
m
P A
:
Theo cng thc II-55/376.I :
d m
P
d
L
A = AP , N/m
2
Vi L : chiu dai ng dn : chon L = 12m
d: ng knh ng tng ng : d = 0,03 m = 30mm
: h s ma sat phu thuc vao nhn cua
thanh ng va ch cua cht long, phu thuc
vao Re :
u
p ed
= Re
u : nht cua hn hp u 25
o
C, tnh theo
cng thc:

B F A F
x x u u u lg ) 1 ( lg lg + =
x
F
=0,478 (phn mol)
) / ( 10 . 358 , 0
2 3 25
m Ns
A
= u (trang91/I)
) / ( 10 . 6 , 0
2 3 25
m Ns
B
= u
) / ( 10 . 487 , 0
2 3
m Ns
= u
77434
10 . 487 , 0
9 , 837 03 , 0 5 , 1
Re
3
=

=

Re > 10
4
nn cht long chay xoay.
- Tnh chun s Rynn gii han cua khu vc nhn
thuy lc Re
gh
:
7
8
6 Re
|
.
|
\
|
=
c
d
gh

Vi c : nham tuyt i, tra bang II -15/
381.II vi iu kin ng mi, khng han:
) ( 10 . 08 , 0 ) ( 08 , 0
3
m mm

= = c
88 , 5246
10 . 08 , 0
03 , 0
6 Re
7
8
3
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
=

gh

- Tnh chun s Rynn khi bt u xut hin vung
nham Re
n
:
4 , 173064
10 . 08 , 0
03 , 0
220 220 Re
8
9
3
8
9
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
= |
.
|
\
|
=

c
d
n

n gh
Re Re Re < < nn h s ma sat phu thuc vao
chun s Rynn va nham cua thanh ng, tnh theo
II.64/379.I :
0268 , 0
77434
100
03 , 0
10 . 08 , 0
46 , 1 1 , 0
Re
100
46 , 1 1 , 0
25 , 0
3
25 , 0
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ =
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ =

d
c

) / ( 7 , 10104 6 , 942
03 , 0
12
0268 , 0
2
m Ns P
m
= = A
c - Tnh tn tht ap sut do tr lc cuc b
C
P A :
Theo cng thc II- 56/377.I:
2 2
2 2
e
p
e
cp
td
td
C
d
L
P = = A
c : h s tr lc cuc b cua h thng ng
gm : 2 oan ng dai 1m ; 1 oan ng dai 10m ; hai
khuyu ghep vung goc co h s tr lc
1
c ; mt van
chn trc ng y iu chnh lu lng co h
s tr lc
2
c ; mt van mt chiu co h s tr lc
3
c ; u vao thung cao v co h s tr lc
4
c .
- Tnh
1
c : khuyu ghep vung goc hai khuyu 45
o
tao
thanh, theo bang II -16.N
0
29/ 394.I chon ty s:
6 , 0 =
b
a
38 , 0
1
= c
- Tnh
2
c :
Chon van tiu chun, theo bang II-16 N
0
37/397.I
taco:
45 , 6
20
8 9 , 4
10 8
2
= |
.
|
\
|
+ = c
- Tnh
3
c :
Chon van mt chiu kiu co a khng nh hng
pha di vi cac thng s sau:
h : chiu cao h cua van ; b: chiu rng
vanh a : chon h = b = 3.10
-3
m
D
o
: ng knh ng dn trc van (D
o
= 0,03m)
o
e : tc dong tai mt ct trc van
Ta co : 1 , 0
03 , 0
10 . 3
3
= =

o
D
b

Theo bang II.16_ N
0
47, N
0
48/400.I , xac nh
| o, nh sau:
55 , 0 = o
5 , 15 = |
05 , 16 55 , 0 5 , 15
3
= + = + = | o c
- Tnh
4
c :
Chon 1 , 0 ; 05 , 0 = =
td td
d
b
d
o

Theo bang II -16N
0
8 /384.I :
5 , 0
4
= c
Vy tng tr lc cuc b cua h thng ng
dn :
38 , 23 5 , 0 05 , 16 45 , 6 38 , 0
4 3 2 1
= + + + = + + + = c c c c c
) / ( 22038 6 , 942 38 , 23
2
m N P P
d C
= = A = A c
d - Tnh ap sut nng cht long ln cao
H
P A :
Theo cng thc II -57/377.I :
gH P
H
p = A
H : chiu cao nng cht long hoc ct cht long :
H = 20 m
) / ( 98 , 164395 20 81 , 9 9 , 837
2
m N P
H
= = A
ap sut toan phn do bm tao ra cn thit
khc phuc moi sc can thuy lc :
28 , 197481 98 , 164395 22038 7 , 10104 6 , 942 = + + + =
A + A + A + A = A
H C m d
P P P P P

3- Cng sut cua bm va ng c in :
Chiu cao toan phn H bm cn tao ra :
) ( 03 , 24
9 , 837 81 , 9
28 , 197481
m
g
P
H =
=
A
=
p

- Cng sut yu cu trn truc cua bm oc tnh
theo cng thc II -189/439.I :
n
p
1000
gH Q
N =
n: hiu sut cua bm : chon 85 , 0 = n
Q = 1,1.10
-3
(m
3
/s)
) ( 2556 , 0
85 , 0 1000
02 , 11 9 , 837 81 , 9 10 . 1 , 1
3
kW N =

=

- Cng sut cua ng c in c tnh theo cng
thc :
dc tr
dc
N
N
n n
=
tr
n : hiu sut truyn ng chon
tr
n = 0,95
dc
n : hiu sut ng c : 75 , 0 =
dc
n
) ( 3587 , 0
75 , 0 95 , 0
2556 , 0
kW N
dc
=
=
Thng thng chon ng c in co cng sut
thc t ln hn cng sut tnh toan .
dc
tt
dc
N N | =
| : h s d tr cng sut :
Theo bang II-33/439.I vi N
dc
< 1 ta chon 2 = |
) ( 7174 , 0 3587 , 0 2 KW N
tt
dc
= =
Vy cng sut bm : N = 0,2556 (KW)
Cng sut ng c :N
dc
=
0,7174 (KW)
Nh vy da vao cac thng s cua bm ta co th
chon loai bm li tm 2X-6H-3a co ap sut toan phn
la 31m, nng sut 20 m
3
/h, s vong quay 1150
vong/phut, nhit cht long< 60
0
C.(bang
II.39/447.I)


TAI LIU THAM KHAO

I. C s cac qua trnh va thit b trong cng
ngh hoa hoc, tp 1
(Nha xut ban ai hoc va trung hoc chuyn
nghip 1978)
II. C s cac qua trnh va thit b trong cng
ngh hoa hoc, tp 2
(Nha xut ban ai hoc va trung hoc chuyn
nghip 1978)
III. S tay cac qua trnh va thit b trong cng
ngh hoa hoc, tp 1
(Nha xut ban khoa hoc ky thut Ha Ni
1978)
IV. S tay cac qua trnh va thit b trong cng
ngh hoa hoc, tp 2
(Nha xut ban khoa hoc ky thut Ha Ni
1978)


He Benzen Aceton

Uploaded by

Document Informationclick to expand document information

Copyright:

Available Formats

He Benzen Aceton

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

He Benzen Aceton

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

an mn hoc Trang 1 Chng luyn lin tuc

SVTH: Phan Thanh Hai

: lng hi ra khoi thap a trn cung

= 5 mm thoa man iu kin

You might also like