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27

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28

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37

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rdwaf qGppfjzpfa=umif;ukd tvkyEf iS hjf y&rnf
41

Armjynf tvkyo
f rm;or*~
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(rl&if;owfyHktwdkif;)

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42

_ynfolhtm%m
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olrsm;vnf; tvkyform;rsm;yif jzpf cJ=h uygonf? bwfpu

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jzpfonf

43

urBmE
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44

_ynfolhtm%m
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45

_ynfolhtm%m
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46

_ynfolhtm%m
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taESmuft,Sufay;aeaom udpPrSm
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D vkyrf sm;udk
0ifcGihrf jyKxdkuf/ Armjynf. pufr_vkyf
z - w - y - v udk
ief;rsm; wdk;wufa&;udk &G,fudk;vsuf
axmufcHonfh ukvm;rsm;
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&ufae@wiG f ukvm;ESifhArm t"dukef;
ukvm;/ Armaygif;a&;wGif 0ifxdkuf.? () tvkyform;rsm;udk
56

_ynfolhtm%m
&Edkifyg () atmif ukvm;ulvD
rsm;udk () vlxkuu
dk m; uef@uGuf&
vdrfhrnf? () rjzpfaom *smr'gvdk
tvkyform;rsm;um; c|if;csufxm;&
vdrhrf nf? xdktvkyform;rsK;d ESifh u|rf;
usifaom tvkyform;rsm; twGuf
vnf; oifah wmfaom twef;tpm;jzifh
aexdkifpm;aomufEdkifatmif tmrcH
csufrsm; &Sd&OD;rnf? (2) ukvm;"e&Sif
rsm;ESihf ywfoufIrl tm;vH;k udkvnf;
rydwfEkid f/ tm;vHk;0if&efudkvnf; wm;
qD;&rnf? aiGrS aiGjzpfapaom aiGwdk;
acs; vkyfief;udkvkyfrnfh ukvm;rsm;ESifh
aiGwdk;ukefoG,fa&;/ ukefuJh0Sufa&;/
ukefaps;upm;a&;wdk@wGif jrKyfESHrnfh
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. touf 0 rf ; a=umif ; a&;ud p P u d k
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tjzpfjzifh todtrSwfjyK+yD;vsif Tae@
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&ef tm;opfudkaqmifrnf jzpfay
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ausmif;om;rsm; wnDw!Gwfwnf; oydwfarSmufaomae@ukd

trsKd;om;ae@tjzpfjzifh a&G;cs,fcahJ vonf

57

ArmtrsdK;orD;rsm;
(jynfo@l tm%m twJG 1 trSwf 11 - 1945 'DZifbm 8 paeae@rS)

ArmtrsKd ;oRD;rsm; jy\em

OrSjzifh [laom tpJGtvef;udk y,fzsufc=Jh uonf?

'kwd,urBmppf}uD;t+yD; urBmt
h wdik ;f wdik ;f tjynfjynfuho
J @kd
Todk@tm;jzifh - wdkif;jynfvlxk vGwfajrmHr_
Armjynfonfvnf; }uD;rm;rsm;ajrmifvSaom jy\em twGuf usoifo
h r#aom wm0efukd xrf;aqmifch=J uav+yD?
t&yf&yfwdk@udk rsufarSmufyv#uf &Sad cs+yD?
zufqpf*syefvnf; Armhajray:rS qkwcf mG &Hrk #ru
ppf}uD;twGif;Y/ ppf}uD;+yD;qHk;oGm;csdefY/ vH;k 0'l;wkwf vufeufcs&ay+yD
t}uD;qHk;aom qif;&J'u
k Qudk awG@&}uHK&olwdk@rmS trsdK;oRD;
zufqpfpepf vHk;0usqHk;oGm;aomfvnf; Armh
rsm;om jzpfawmhonf?
vlxkum; rvGwfvyf=uao;?
zufqpf*syef vl,w
k frmwdk@ Armjynfajray:wGif
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f ,
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f r_ ty
wd@k udk rsufarSmufyv#uf &Sd=uav+yD?
cH&olwk@d rSm rde;f rrsm;om jzpfawmhonf?
usyfwnf;vSaom pD;yGm;a&;tajctaea=umifh
w0rf;0r_ - wcg;vHkr_twGuf *syefwdk@. tcs,ftvS,f
jymyHktwd - avmifpmtwdjzpfaeaom Armjynf
cH&ol rdrdwk@d . udk,fukad &mif;&ol trsKd ;oRD;wd@k vnf; teE? udk jyefvnfxlaxmif&mwGif wdkif;jynf. vlOD;a&xuf0uf
toufxuf t&SufudkiJhum wudk,frvHk+cHKr_ ausmfaom trsdK;oRD;rsm;yg0if aqmif&Guf&ef vdkayonf?
twGuf toufudkpGef@ol/ u;qJGcsol/ a&xJckefcsolwdk@
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rSmvnf; rsm;jym;vSawmhonf?
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ArmhtrsdK;oRD; wdk@. vGwfvyfcGifh[lor# vHk;0 olwdk@tm; xdrf;odrf;=unfh_aom u,fq,fa&; Xmersm;
zGifhvSpf&ef?
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xdk@a=umifhyif-

ArmvlrsdK;wrsdK;vHk;tm; tnGef@wkH;atmif zdpD;

ESdyfpufaeonfh jynfwefqmpepfudk okwo
f ifwu
dk zf su&f ef?

ArmtrsdK;oRD;aygi;f ajrmufjrm;pGmwdk@onf yuwd

paomjy\emt&yf&yfwdk@udk ArmtrsdK;oR;D rsm;
Edk; =um;aom todjzifh zufq pf*syefa wmfvSefa &;wGif
toufpGef@umjzifh EdkifiH.tusdK;udk a,mufsm;rsm;ESifh &if ajz&Si;f &ef vdkaeayonf?
abmifwef;um vdu
k yf gaqmif&u
G cf =Jh uonf r[kwfygavm?
Tjy\emt&yf&yfwdk@udkvnf; pnf;Hk;aqmif
58

Todk@tm;jzifh ajcz0g;awmfEkEk - aoG;ajcawmf &Gufr_ tiftm;jzifh ajyvnfatmif ajz&Sif;=u&ayrnf?

_ynfolhtm%m
ArmEdkiif Hvk;H &Sd trsKd ;oRD;rsm;tm; Tvkyfief;rsm;twGuf pnf;Hk;&ef vdktyfvmavonf?
xd@k a=umifhyif Armwdik f;vHk;qdkif&m trsdK;oRD;vGwfvyfa&; tzJG@csKyfudk zJG@pnf;wnfaxmifchaJ vonf?
ArmtrsdK;oR;D wdk@onf pnf;Hk;r_. tiftm;wefb;dk udk odem;vnfv#uf &Sd=u+yD?

Armjynft&yf&yf cdkiftoD;oD;wGif trsdK;oRD;wdk@onf tcsdK@XmecsKyfrS nef=um;csuft&/ tcsdK@rdrdwdk@

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armvrifu|e;f - bdkuav;- anmifav;yif- acsmuf tp&Sad om r@rsm;rS trsKd ;oR;D rsm;onfvnf; rdrdwdk@
tvdktavsmuf wufuEdk;=um;pGmjzifh trsdK;oRD;tzJG@rsm; zJG@pnf;=uI XmecsKyfESifh qufoG,f +yD;pD;=uav+yD?
jynfwefqmpepfokwo
f ifa&;twGuf tkyfcsKyfa&;Xme/ Armjynfaq;Xmewdk@ tultnDjzifh ysufp;D avvGifh
aeaom trsdK;oRD;rsm;twGuf apmifha&Smufa&;Xme wHk;udk &efukefr@wiG f zGifhvSpf+yD;jzpfI Armjynft&yf&yfwGifvnf;
TuJhodk@ zGihv
f SpfEdkif&ef usdK;pm;oGm;rnfjzpfa=umif;/

ArmtrsKd ;oR;D aygi;f

ajrmufjrm;pGm;wd@k onf
yuwd Ed;k =um;aom todjzifh
zufqpf*syefawmfveS af &;wGif
toufpeG @f umjzifh Edik if .
H tusKd ;udk

59

&efyakH iGtwGuf vlxck sO;f uyfyg?

(jynfo@l tm%m twJG 1 trSwf 11 - 1945 'DZifbm 8 paeae@rS)

cspf&Jabmfwdk@A[dk&yf gwD&efyaHk iGonf rnfr#ta&;}uD;onfudk &Jabmfwdk@od=u+yD; jzpfygvdrfhrnf? odk@aomf - tenf;i,fawmh

ajymcsiaf o;onf? &HyakH iGenf;ojzifh A[d&k w
f iG f t+rJwrf;tvkyo
f rm; rsm;rsm;rxm;Edik ?f rxm;Edik f rkH u &S+d yD;t+rw
J rf;udyk if
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&Jabmfwk@d onf aiGy@kd &efuu
kd m; vH;k vH;k pdww
f iG rf &Sd? vlxo
k m c%c%awmif;ae=u.? &Jabmfwk@d . acgif;aqmifrsm;onf
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aq;aumif;aumif;rpm;&? tqD=oZmygaom pm;aumif;aomufbG,u
f dk rrSD0&J / &HyHkaiGr&Sdojzifh jzpfovdkbJ aeae&.?
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D nf tb,frSm Armjynfudk vGwv
f yfa&;od@k yd@k Eidk fteHh nf;? A[dk&f
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aiGa&;a=u;a&;ESifh ywfoufI &Jabmfwk@d onf A[dkuo
dk m rSDcsif.? trSerf Sm A[dk&fonf vlxkESifh wdu
k fku
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k f u
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k nf tvGeq
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axmif/ um;axmif/ ukeful;jcif;wdk@jzifo
h m ygw&D yH kaH iG &Smae=uonf? aemufq;Hk wGif ygwDonf ukeu
f ;l jcif;jzifhom tcsed f
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D m jzpfayawmhrnf? Tum; vlxu
k kd tm;rud;k
60

_ynfolhtm%m
jcif;a=umifhjzpf.?
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k m; &Jabmfw@kd tm; ypfrxm;? ygwo
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vdrhrf nf? qdkufum;orm;u olwae@ kyf&iS rf =unfh/ pD;u&ufraomufbJ ac|wmI vvdrrfh nf? pma&;u vcxkwv
f #if
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h drrfh nf? ausmif;om;u rkef@bdk;ac|wmI vvrd fhrnf?
&Jabmfwk@d ygwD&HyHkaiGaumufjcif;onfvnf;
vlxkvyk fief; vkyfjcif;[k em;vnf=uavmh?
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&Jabmfw@kd onfenf;twdik ;f &HyakH iGtwGuf vlxu
k kd csO;f uyf=uyg? trsm;jynfov
l x
l u
k em;vnfatmif ygw0D g'
udk &Sif;&if; aiGaumuf=uyg?
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k HrS&rSvnf; uGefjrLepfjzpf&usdK;eyf+yD[k ,lq
Edkifayrnf?

ode;f az

61

uHq dk;aomwdkif;
(jynfol@tm%m twJG 1 trSwf 11 1945 'DZifbm 8 paeae@rS)

uHqk;d aomwdkif; (5)

cJavor# - oJa&usjzpf&awmhrnfavm
Adv
k f}uD;wifxGe;f rSm pdwaf omuAsmyga=umifh pum;yif rajymEdkif&Sm?

(jynfol@tm%m txl;owif;axmufa&;onf)

usKyfwdk@awmh raeEdkifawmhbl; csawmhr,f? csrSbJjzpfr,f? usKyfwdk@ cscsifvSbD Todk@ESpf}udrfwdkifatmif

*syefukd wdu
k fcu
dk f&ef +Adwdo#ppfXmecsKyfo@dk ta=umif;=um;olrsm;um; wdkif; 5 (weif;om&Dwidk f;) wyfyifjzpfawmh.?
rwdkuef J@ rwdkufeJ@ tcsed frusao;bl;- rwdku=f ueJ@?
Tum; - +Adwo
d #w@dk . ta=umif;jyef=um;csujf zpfonf?
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h ;D I aeEdik =f uygrnfenf;? *syefw@kd . vlusiv
hf }l uH
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&So
d nf? ao&tHq
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jynfolwdk@onf zufqpf.'%fudkrcHEidk f=uawmh+yD?
62

_ynfolhtm%m
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63

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64

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k fwifxGef;. uHq;dk &Smaom wdki;f 5
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65

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1942 ckEpS u
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66

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79

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80

uGejf rLepf0g'ESihf bmomw&m;

OD;at;armif ("EkjzL) a&;onf?
(jynfol@tm%m twGJ 1 trSwf 15 ? 5-1-1946 pae)

vltrsm;xifjrifovdkr[kwfbJ u|Efkyf. wdkif;jynfY bmomw&m;udk rzsufq;D ?

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ArmjynfopfY uGefjrLepfygwD txift&Sm; xGufvmcJh&m/ ArmuGefjrLepfwdk@onf Ak'<bmompaom bmom
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tajrmuftjrm;&Sda=umif;/ vuf&cSd &pf,ef*k%
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81

_ynfolhtm%m
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rdrdw@dk qidk &f m bmomw&m;udk usio
fh ;kH jcif;/ bk&m;&Spfc;dk ausmif;wufjcif;/ bmomw&m;t& vufxyfjcif;/ cav;trnf
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tp&Sdaom bmoma&;tr_upd Pt00wdk@udk vHk;0vGwv
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xifjrif,lqcsufonf vH;k 0tajctjrpf r&SdonfrSm xif&mS ;vSayownf;?

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82

armfpudkuGefz&ifh
(jynfol@tm%m twJG 1 trSwf 15) (5-1-1946 pae)
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83

_ynfolhtm%m
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84

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86

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104

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105

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106

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11 OD;wkd@onf ppfukdif;ppfajrjyif oajy
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acgi;f aqmifaom awmfveS af &;wyfom;rsm;u

109

atmifycJG cH ahJ om
&Jacgifajymuf-um;rsm;
jynfol@tm%m twGJ(1) trSwf (26) (23-3-46)rS?

*syefppfwyf}uD;. toufaoG;a=umukd awmifilu jzwfvdu

k fojzifh upifhuvsm;jzpfoGm;&.
*syef 7059 a,mufaoonf/ 2703 a,muf'%f&m&onf/ oHk@yef; 538 a,muf brf;rdonf?
*syefvufeufaygif; 2500 wkd@ &&Sdvdu
k fonf?
a&;ol-&Jabmfatmifjrifh-jzL;
1945 ckESpf atmufwkdbmv 13 &ufae@xkwf jynfol@tm%m trSwf 3 wGif awmifilpD&ifpk
&Jacgifajymuf=um;rsm;ta=umif; wcgygbl;onf? wESpfjynfhvm+yDjzpfI awmfvSefa&;vkyfief;rsm;ukd
jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif; jyKxkdufonfhtwkdif; ,ckwzef a&;&jyefonf?
awmifilpD&ifpktwGif; zufqpfawmfvSefa&;. tjrKaw (0g) ydoaE<wnf&mum; uGefjrLepfygwD
jzpfonf? 1943 ck *syefu Armtm; -a&$a&pdrfvGwv
f yfa&;ay;onfhtcsdefwGif awmifile,fY
uGefjrLepfygwD0ifaygif; 10 OD;cef@ &Sdae+yDjzpfonf? 1944 ck {+yDvwGif pD&ifpkygwDuvyfpnf;ukd zGJ@pnf;cJhI(1) wyfom;opfrsm; odrf;oGif;a&;? (2) 0g'jzef@csda&;/ awmfvSefa&;ynm avhvma&;ESifh (3) vufeuf
pkaqmif;a&;rsm;ukd aqmif&u
G cf =hJ uavonf? *syefa&mufp (bD-tkid -f at) acwfuwnf;u *syefudk jyefcs&ef vufeufrsm;ukd
xdrfcsefxm;cJh=ujcif;um;-tusdK;xl;pG?
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vmonf? ol@tultnD &onfuvnf;wa=umif; &SEd iS +hf y;D &Jabmfrsm; tvkyw
f ;dk vky=f uIvnf;wa=umif;/ xkt
d a=umif;
ESpaf =umif;a=umifh jzpfonf? &Sd&if;pGJvyk fief;rsm;tjyif (1) pepfusaom ygwDoifwef;rsm;ESifh (2) awmfveS f&ef jyifqifjcif;
wk@d ukd wkd;jznfv
h kyfukdifcJh=uonf?
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olrsm;ukd pepfwus oif=um;jcif;? (2) bD-tdkif-at acwfu trSm;rsm; xyfrrSm;&ef qifjcifaqmif&Gu=f ujcif;? (3)
u&ifEiS
hf / aZ,s0wD ukvm;rsm;ESi
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G af &;wk@d jzpfonf? xkv
d yk if ef;rsm; tm;vHk;wGiyf if atmifjrifpmG aqmif&u
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110

_ynfolhtm%m
Ekdicf =Jh uonf?

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&Sifw@kd avxD;ESifh qif;=ujyefonf? olwd@k um; yrOD;qHk;
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dk rf sm;jzpfI olw@dk EiS t
hf wl &ckid f
&Jabmf uko
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ESifh rkdif 200 cef@ uGmao;onf?

u&ifrsm;ESifh tquftoG,f aumif;aumif;&&Sd

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vSeaf &;pv#ipf jcif; ajymuf=um;wyfom;aygi;f 800 wGif u&if
200 yg0ifco
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awGudk wku
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u &dumQ axmufco
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yr rwfv 25 &uf/ aemuf{+yDv 27 &uf/
avxD; ppfAv
dk f uy`wed b
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q,fI ajymuf=um;rsm;xH ydk@cJhonf?
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f / {+yDv 1 &ufae@wiG f/ usvdu
k f
EkdifiHjcm;tquftoG,fESifh ygwfoufIum; onfhavxD;awG/ ygvmonfwkd@rSm t*FvdyfppfAdkvf 12
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jrpf}uD;em;rSwqifh oGm;cJhI &Jabmfat;ausmfonf ESpf uGif; 2 uGi;f wGif tvSnfhoifhovkd cscJhonf?
'DZifbmvwGif &ckid rf jS zwfI tdEd,
N ok@d ukeaf =umif;yif oGm;
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D wGif &JabmfbnGe@f avxD;
wyfrawmf tultnDvnf; rsm;pGm&cJo
h nf? Akv
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d &f x
J G w
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vku
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tcsdeu
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ta=umif;um; t*Fvyd f v#dKr[kwb
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tquf&awmhonf? t*Fvdyfa&mufonfh tcsdeftxd wGif taoqH;k jzpfonf? 70 cef@aoa=uonf? ae&mrsm;pGm
owif;aygi;f 200 yk@d co
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vkdufonfh*syefawG "mwfqD*gvH 6000 ausmfavmuf ppfarmfawmfum;awGukd wkdufckdufcJh=uonf? ajymuf=um;
ukefonf? 0kid f,mvufk}H uD;wHk ysufpD;oGm;onf? &duQmHk wyfrsm;wGif u&if-Arm-&Srf;-awmifol-wkyf-u,m;
awG a=uukefonf? xkdowif;rsm; b,fu&oenf;? *syef vlrsdK;pHkygonf? ArmESifh*syef &efojl zpf+yD? jynfolawGvnf;
d af e
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wk;H opfyifay:wufI *syef twuftqkwfukd atmfajym/
jynfolawG ay;onf?
*syefawGukd enf;trsdK;rsdK;ESifh owf? olwkd@ulnDwmawG
awmfveS b
f @dk &ufowfrw
S v
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dk +f yD? 1945 ck/ rwfv a&;v#if rukefEikd fatmif rsm;onf? armfawmfum;awGukd
18 &ufae@wGif ocifoef;xGef; jzL;odk@a&mufvmonf? npOfwu
kd f/ *syefawGudk acsmif;ypf/ wcgu &xm;wpif;ukd
111

_ynfolhtm%m
wkdu+f yD; ypPn;f awG odr;f xm;/ aemufwcg &dumQ H}k uD;wHkudk
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onf? wkdu&f if;ckduf&if;yif 0kid f,mvufXme 3 ckrS/ t*Fvyd f
vkd owif;awG ae@pOfeJ@tr# yk@d cJhao;onf? wyfom;rsm;
vnf; wae@wjcm; wkd;vm&m 1500 ausmfvm+yD? pIcs
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tiftm;/ txl;ojzifh v,form; pnf;H;k r_aumif;aome,f

jzpfonf?
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um; jynfo@l tultnD&jcif;yif jzpfonf? wjynfv;Hk ul=u
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(*) acgif;aqmif=uolawGrSm tjypfuif;cJh=u

{+yDv ukefcgeD;wGif t*Fvdyfa&mufvmonf?
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kd f&onf? av;vausmf &onf? t&nftcsif;&Sdonf? tokdif;t0kdif;aumif;onf?
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f m;
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&onf? vGwfvyfa&;twGuf olwd@k toufpeG f@ch=J uonf? ayonf?
vGwfvyfa&;twGuf toufpGef@cJh=uolwkd@um; Armjynf
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112

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k awmfveS cf ahJ om rwfv27 &ufae h
jynfol@tm%m twGJ 1 trSwf 26? (23-3-46)

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D zGJ@udk zG@J pnf;vkdufw,f?
113

_ynfolhtm%m
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120

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121

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122

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126

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127

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128

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129

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(3) Armjynf tkypf kd;olrsm;u jynfolvlxktm; vufeufukdiI
f a&m/ vufeufrukdib
f Ja&m tpGrf;ukef zdESdyfap
umrl jynfolvlxktm; acsr_e;f I r&a=umif;ukd rjiif;Ekdiaf tmif jycJhayonf?
jynfolvlxkonf Armjynftkyfpkd;olrsm;tm; tnHhrcHbJ &J&Jawmuf ckcw
H kducf kdufvsuf &Sd=uayonf?
(4) tvkyform;vlwef;pm; acgif;aqmifaom v,form;ppfyJu
G dk e,fcsJ@orm;tultnDjzifh Armjynftpk;d &u
146

_ynfolhtm%m
acsr_ef;&ef b,favmufyJ }udK;pm;}udK;pm; acsre_ f;Ir&Ekid fa=umif; tvkyform;acgi;f aqmifaom v,form;ppfyo
GJ nf
Armjynf. jzpfay:wkd;wufr_udk tqHk;tjzwfay;vsuf &Sda=umif;awG@&ayonf?
(5) "e&Sifacgi;f aqmifrj_ zifh jynfo@l 'rD u
dk a&pDEidk if H rxlaxmifEikd af =umif; uGejf rLepfygwu
D wyfO;D tjzpfyg0ifaom
tvkyform;vlwef;pm; acgif;aqmifr_jzifhom pD;yGm;a&; zGH@+zdK;wkd;wufaom +idrf;csrf;om,maom 'Drkdua&pDusaom
vGwfvyfI trDSckduif;rJhaom pnf;vHk;nDnGwfaom EkdifiHukd wnfaxmifEikd fa=umif; jynfolvlxk ykdIykI
d odjrifvmae
=uayonf?
(6) e,fcsJ@orm;ESifh jynfwGif;azmufjyefa&;orm;wkd@onf wpHkw&m aemufqw
k fay;cJh&ayonf? okd@&mwGif
trsdK;om;'Drkdua&pD tiftm;pkrsm;/ jynfwGif;+idrf;csrf;a&;ukd wkdufckdufEdkif&eftwGuf wkd@. ajcukyfpcef;rsm;wGif
tckid ftrm jyKvkyx
f m;=uayonf? wkd@onf topftopfjzpfaom ,kwfrmnpfywfonfh vky}f uHrr_ sm;ukd tcsed fra&G;
jyKvdrhrf nf[k u|Ekfyfwkd@ tpOfowdxm;&rnf?
(7) "e&Sifvw
l ef;pm; uGJjym;jcif;onf ykrd kdazmufjyefaom tykdif;ukd 0kdi;f y,f&ef E_dif;,SOfcsuft& xk;d wufaom
tykdif;ukd trsdK;om;'Drkdua&pDa&;wkdufyGJ/ jynfwGif;+idrf;csrf;a&;wkdufyGJtwGuf odrf;oGif;&eftajctaeaumif;rsm;
&Sv
d mayonf? "e&Sifvlwef;pm; uGjJ ym;r_ukd ta=umif;jyKI "e&Sifvlwef;pm;wku
d fcu
kd f&efESihf acgif;aqmifr_rS y,fcs&ef
twGufvnf;aumif;/ ypPn;f rJah cgif;aqmifr_ xlaxmif&eftwGufvnf;aumif; tcGiv
fh rf;aumif;rsm; jzpfvmcJah yonf?
wcsdefwnf;Y "e&Sifvlwef;pm;wckvHk;ESifh ywfoufIvnf;aumif;/ odrf;oGif;Ekdifaom tpdwftykdif;ESifh ywfoufI
vnf;aumif; r_di;f rrd&ef txl;ta&;}uD;ayonf?
(8) yl;aygi;f a&; "e&Si}f uD;rsm;. uk,
d pf m;vS,jf zpfaom wnf+rJ zqyv tm; jynfow
l @dk u rJjzifyh ,fcsEidk af pumrl
ppfwyftwGi;f vnf;aumif;/ tcsK@d a'orsm;wGiv
f nf;aumif;/ tcsKd @aomwkid ;f &if;om; vlrsKd ;pkrsm;t=um;wGiv
f nf;aumif;/
wkd@onf tckdiftrm&Sdaeayao;onf?
(9) jynfwGi;f ppfukd ta=umif;jyKI ArmjynfwGif; yl;aygif;a&; "e&Sif}uD;rsm;ESiq
fh ufpyfaeaom ppf0g'orm;
rsm;onf Ekid fiHa&;b0wGiv
f nf;aumif;/ pD;yGm;a&;b0wGifvnf;aumif;/ ta&;}uD;aomae&mwGif a&muf&Sdaeayonf?
wkd@ tE&m,fonf wae@wjcm; }uD;rm;aeayonf?
(10) oef@&iS ;f zqyv twGi;f Y trsKd ;om;'Dru
dk a&pDa&;/ jynfwiG ;f +idr;f csr;f a&;vkv
d m;aom tiftm;pkrsm;&So
d vkd
tcsuftcsmusaom acgi;f aqmifrsm;onf e,fcsJ@ESifh jynfwGif;azmufa&;orm;rsm;onf wnf+rJrsm; ppf0g'orm;rsm;ukd
tav#mhay;aphpyfvkd=uayonf?
(11) jynfolvlxkonf e,fcsJ@ESihf jynfwGif;azmufjyefa&;orm;rsm;/ wnf+rJEiS fhppf0g'orm;rsm;ukd &GH&Smrkef;wD;
onfESihf w+ydKifwnf; jynfolvlxktwGif;Y oef@&Sif;tay:wGif r_dif;rdrr_ sm; }uD;rm;pGm&Sdaeayonf?
(12) Oya'wGif; 'Drkdua&pD tiftm;pkrsm;tzkd@rl tpkd;&u t}uD;tus,f zdESdyfxm;ojzifhvnf;aumif;
trsdK;om;"e&SiEf Sihf ywfoufaom r_dif;rdaeojzifv
h nf;aumif; tcku
df ftwef@tm;jzifh tiftm;tvGefcsnefh J@aeayonf?
(13) uGefjrLepfygwDEiS fh vufeufudik ftiftm;pkrsm;onf ta&twGufrsm;jym;aom usqHk;r_rsm;/ vufeufcsr_
rsm;ESifh &ifqikd fc&Jh apumrl/ rdrdwkd@tajctaeukd tawmftwef xdef;odrf;EkdifkrH u rdrdwdk@t=um;0,f ykdrn
kd DnGwfjcif;/
147

_ynfolhtm%m
ykdrpkd pk nf;jcif;wkd@udk &&Sv
d m=uonft
h jyif tiftm;opfrsm; wpHw
k &m wk;d yGm;r_udk wjznf;jznf; &&Sad e=uayonf?
ok@d &mwGif "e&Siv
f w
l ef;pm; uGJjym;r_ESifh ywfoufI t,ltq_yaf xG;vsu&f djS cif;/ oef@&iS ;f zqyv tay:wGif
vGefuJpGm wGufcsufjcif;wk@d a=umifh u|Eykf fw@kd ygwD. wkdufckdufEkdifpGrf;rSm tvGef,kwfavsmhvsuf&daS yonf?
rnfo@dk yifjzpfap jynfolwd@k twGi;f Yrlum; wkduf&Jcdu
k f&aJ ompdw/f wku
d v
f dck ku
d fvdak ompdwfonf qxufxrf;yk;d
wk;d yGm;Ivmae+yD jzpfayonf?

4? ? TtajctaewGif jynfolw@dk . wku

d yf jJG zifh trsKd ;om;vGwv
f yfa&;ukd xde;f odrf;Ekid jf cif;/ ppftpk;d &. t=urf;qH;k
t&ufpufq;kH ESyd u
f yG rf r_ sm;ukd ckcw
H eG ;f vSeI
f wpHw
k &maom 'Dru
kd a&pD tcGit
hf a&;rsm;ukd jyefvnfI t&,ljcif;/ Armjynf
tkypf d;k olrsm;u jynforl sm;ukd acsre_ ;f I r&jcif;/ tvkyo
f rm;vlwef;pm; acgi;f aqmifaom v,form;ppfyJo
G nf }uHch idk fpmG
&yfwnfvsuf&Sdjcif; "e&Sifvlwef;pm;acgif;aqmifr_onf uGJjym;vsuf/ tcsif;csif; ydyuQjzpfae+yD; tvkyform;
vlwef;pm;tzdk@ acgif;aqmifr_wnfaqmuf&ef tcGifhtvrf;rsm; wkd;vsuf&Sdjcif;/ e,fcsJ@ESifh jynfwGif;azmufjyefa&;
orm;wkd@onf wpHkw&m aemufqkwfay;&jcif; "e&Sifvlwef;pm;twGif;rS ykdrdkazmufjyefaom tykdif;ukd 0kdif;y,fI
E_dif;,SOfcsuft& ykdrdkwkd;wufaom tykdif;ukd odrf;oGif;Ekdif&ef tajctae&Sdvmjcif;/ u|Ekfyfwkd@ygwDESifh vufeufukdif
awmfveS af &;tiftm;pkrsm;onf }uHch idk pf mG &yfwnf+yD; ykrd pdk nf;vH;k vmjcif;/ jynfov
l x
l t
k wGi;f wku
d cf u
dk af &; pdw"f mwfrsm;
ydrk dkwd;k yGm;vmaejcif;wkd@onf aumif;rGeaf om tcsuftvufrsm;jzpfayonf?
Taumif;rGefaom tcsuftvufrsm; jzpfay:a&;wGif ygwaD cgi;f aqmifr_/ ygwD.vrf;nerf _ wenf;tm;jzifh
ygwDu trsdK;om;'Drkdua&pD awmfvSefa&;vkyfief;pOf/ jynfwGi;f ppf&yfpJa&; jynfwiG f;+idrf;csrf;a&;vrf;pOf/ tajccHvkyfief;
pOfESifh vrf;pOfw&yfvHk; taumiftxnfay:a&;twGuf ygwDw&yfvHk;. }udK;yrf;r_wkd@onf ta&;}uD;aomtcef;rS
yg0ifayonf?

5? ? tjcm;wzufrS=unfhv#if wnf+rJ zqyv onf tckdiftrm &Sdaeao;jcif;/ ppf0g'orm;rsm;u Armjynf.

EkdifiHa&;b0/ pD;yGm;a&;b0wGif ta&;}uD;aom ae&mrsm;wGif a&muf&Sdaejcif;/ oef@&Sif; zqyv ESifh ywfoufI
jynfov
l lxt
k wGi;f }uD;rm;pGm r_di;f 0ifaejcif;/ Oya'wGi;f 'Dru
kd a&pDtiftm;pkrsm; tiftm;csnefh @J aejcif; u|Eyfk fw@dk ygww
D iG f
t,l0g'_yaf xG;/ oef@&iS ;f tay: r_id ;f rd/ wku
d cf u
dk af &;pGr;f &nf ,kwaf vsmah ejcif;wk@d rmS taxGaxGtajctaewGif qd;k 0g;aom
tcsuftvufrsm; jzpfayonf?
Tae&mwGif wnf+rJ zqyv wkd@ tpkdiftcJvkduf&Sdaejcif;/ ppf0g'orm;rsm;. tE&m,f}uD;vmjcif;wdk@rSm
u|Ekfyw
f kd@. qENESifh uif;uGm+yD; jzpfaeaom kyt
f ajctaejzpfayonf? okd@aomf jynfolvlxt
k wGi;f oef@&Sif; zqyv
tay: r_dif;rdaejcif;/ u|Ekfyfwkd@ygwDtwGif; oef@&Sif; zqyv tay: r_dif;rdaejcif;ESifh ywfoufIrl u|Ekfyfwkd@ygwDu
acgif;aqmifr_wGif }uD;rm;pGm wm0ef&Sdayonf?

148

_ynfolhtm%m
tcef; (3)
t,l0g'a&;&mwkdufyGJwGif ta&;}uD; qHk; vkyfief; wck
6? ? ,cktcgwGif oef@&Si;f zqyv tpkd;& (jynfaxmifpkygwD tpkd;&) onf wufvmcJh+yD?
tpk;d &opf wufvmojzifh ppftpk;d & r&Sad wmhb;l / 'Dru
dk a&pDtpk;d & wufvm+y/D 'Dru
dk a&pD&awmhr,f? +ird ;f csr;f a&;
&awmhr,f[k xifjrifv#if trSm;}uD; rSm;ayvdrrhf nf?
tpdk;&opfwufvmI jynfolvlxu
k +idrf;csrf;a&;r_dif;/ 'Drkdua&pDa&;r_dif;rd+yD; rdef;armawGa0aepOf Armjynf
tkyfp;kd olrsm;onf jynfolvx
l ktm; vufeufudik f tjyKwfwu
kd fa&; acsr_ef;a&;ukd qufvufvkyfoGm;rnf jzpfayonf?
odk@twGufa=umifh ,ae@tajctaewGif +idrf;csrf;a&;/ pdwful;,Ofr_rsm;/ 'Drkdua&pDpdwful;,Ofr_rsm;ukd
wkdufzsufum tpkd;&vufeufukdifwyfrsm;ukd tpGrf;ukefckcHa&;/ vufeufukdif ckcHa&;ppfukd jywfom;pGm qifE$J&if;
jynfwGif;ppfukd aphpyf&yfpJI jynfwiG f;+idrf;csrf;a&; wkduyf GJqifa&;/ ajr&Sif"e&Sit
f pd;k &.ae&mwGif trsdK;om;'Drkdua&pD
nDnGwfa&;wyfaygi;f pk tpkd;&w&yf wnfaxmifa&;wkd@twGuf jynfov
l lxkw&yfvk;H ukd v_@H aqmfpnf;Hk;oGm;&rnf?
Todk@ vkyfaqmifEkdif&eftwGuf e,fcsJ@orm;rsm;ESifh jynfwGif;azmufjyefa&;orm;rsm;tm; wkdufckdufa&;/
wnf+rJESifh ppf0g'orm;rsm;tm; 0kdi;f y,fa&;wkd@ukd vkyo
f nfESifhw+ydKifwnf; oef@&Sif; zqyv acgif;aqmifrsm;. jynfol
wk@d tm; zdEydS o
f nfh tjyKwfwu
dk af &;ay:vpDudk vku
d af e+yD; ppf0g'orm;wk@d tm; tav#mah y;aphpyfjcif;wk@d udk zGichf swu
dk cf u
dk +f yD;
oef@&Sif;r_id f;atmufrS jynfolvx
l kudk vGwfajrmufapa&;onf ta&;t}uD;qH;k vkyfief;wck jzpfvmayonf?
Tvkyfief;ukd aygufa&mufatmifjrifpGm vkyEf kdi&f eftwGuf yxrOD;pGmtm;jzifh u|Ekfyfw@kd ygww
D Gif;Y }uD;rm;pGm
jzpfay:aeaom oef@&Sif;tay: r_di;f rdaer_wd@k ukd wkdufzsu&f ayvdrfhrnf?
ok d@jzpfI u|Ek fyfw kd@ onf u|Ek fyfw kd@ .t,l 0g'a&; tajctaeukd qef; ppf& ayvd rhfr nf? txl; ojzifh
"e&Sifvlwef;pm;ESifh ywfoufaom oabmxm;ukd qef;ppf&ayvdrfhrnf?

tcef ; (4)
vGw fv yfa &;&+yD; aemuf "e&Si fv lw ef; pm;tajctae
7? ? Armjynf"e&Siv
f lwef;pm;ESifh ywfoufI 55 ckESpf A[kdaumfrwDu Tod@k qHk;jzwfcaJh yonf?
Armjynf. ,ae@tajctaewGif wkid ;f &if;om;"e&Sirf sm;wGif vufa0cH"e&SiEf iS hf trsKd ;om;"e&Si[
f k jywfom;pGm
cGjJ cm;&ef rvG,u
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tb,fa=umifh Tok@d qHk;jzwfoenf;?
149

_ynfolhtm%m
8? ? 48 ckESpfwGif ArmjynfvGwfvyfa&; r&cifu Armjynf"e&Sifvlwef;pm;xJwGif vufa0cH"e&SifESifh
pufr_vkyfief;ukd vkv
d m;aom "e&Sif[lI ESpyf dik f;&Sdco
Jh nf? vufa0cH"e&Sirf sm;onf t*Fvyd v
f uf0g;}uD;tkyf ukr`%Drsm;.
wqifhcHrsm;jzpf+yD; t*Fvdyft&if;tESD;rsm;ESifh umv&Snf=umpGm qufoG,fvsuf&Sdayonf? "e&Sifvlwef;pm;.
tjcm;aomtpdwftykid f;onf trsdK;om;pufr_vyk fief;ESifh jynfwiG f;aps;uGuf jzpfay:wkd;yGm;a&;ukd vkv
d m;I ,wdjywf
oEdM mefcsrr_ sm; r&Sjd im;aomfvnf; e,fcs@J tyk pf ;dk r_ y,fzsuaf &;ESihf ya'o&mZftuif;tuserf sm; csnehf @J apa&;ukd oabmwl
axmufcHayonf?
48 ckESpfwGif trsdK;om;vGwfvyfa&;wku
d fyJG yg0ifaom "e&Sifrsm;onf e,fcsJ@orm;ESifh t"dutm;jzifh yl;aygif;
tm%m,laeaom ajr&Sifrsm;ESifh vufa0cH"e&Sifrsm;aemufok@d vkdufoGm;cJhayonf?
vGwfvyfa&;&+yD;aemuf Armjynftpkd;&onf Armjynfajr&Sif"e&Sif vlwef;pm;rsm;.tpkd;& jzpfayonf?
tpkd;&onf t*Fvdyfe,fcsJ@orm;rsm; oabmwlnDcsufjzifh zGJ@pnf;xm;jcif;jzpf+yD; EkdifiHjcm;om;vuf0g;}uD;tkyf
t&if;&Sirf sm;/ jynf wGi;f ya'o&mZfajr&Sirf sm;ESihf vufa0cH"e&Sirf sm;. tusKd ;pD;yGm;rsm;ukd xde;f odr;f umuG,af y;aeonf?
aemufydik f;wGif tpkd;&onf (u) e,fcsJ@orm;ESifh wwfEikd foavmuf yl;aygif;/ e,fcsJ@orm;ukd vkdtyfonft
h cg
vkt
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f rBmESifh qkd&S,fvpfurBm ydyuQudk toHk;jyKI qkd&S,fvpfurBmrS tultnD
&oavmuf,l (*) jynfow
l d@k udk worwfwnf; zdEydS [
f al om rl (3) csuu
f dk tajccHonfh ay:vpDrsm;ukd usio
fh ;kH cJah yonf?
tajctaeYyif Armjynf"e&Sifvlwef;pm;twGif; Ekid fiHa&;t& pD;yGm;a&;t& a&maxG;,Sufwifjzpfaeojzifh
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xk@d a=umifh Armjynftpkd;&tm; ajr&Sif"e&Sif tpkd;&[k owfrSwfayonf?
ok@d jzpfI Armjynf "e&Sifvw
l ef;pm;wGif trsdK;om;"e&SifESifh vufa0cH"e&Sif[lI cGJjcm;&ef rvG,fulay[lI
vnf;aumif;/ Armjynftpkd;&ukd ajr&Sif"e&Sit
f pkd;&[k owfrSw&f ef[lIvnf;aumif; 55 ckESpf A[kdaumfrwDu qH;k jzwf
cJjh cif;onf rSefuefayonf?
okd@twGuf 48 ckEpS f aemufykdif;wGif tm%m&aeaom Armjynf"e&Sifvw
l ef;pm;wckvk;H ukd trsdK;om;"e&Si[
f k
owfrw
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l ef;pm;wckv;Hk ukd vufa0cH"e&Sif[lI owfrSwf&efvnf; rjzpfay?

9? ? TqHk;jzwfcsufonf rSefuefonfhtwGuf awmfvSefa&; zGH@+zdK;wkd;wufr_twGuf tusdK;&Sdaponf?

TqHk;jzwfcsuf. vrf;nefr_t& "e&Sifvlwef;pm;. azmufjyefaom 0g'vrf;pOfrsm;ukd OD;wnfqef@usiEf kdifaom wefckd;
owWdjzpfxGef;aponf? wcsdefwnf;Y "e&Sifvw
l ef;pm;u wkd;wufaomvkyfief; wpHkw&m vkyfvmv#if vkdtyfovkd
u|Ekfyw
f kd@u axmufcH+yD; jynfov
l lxEk Sifh qufoG,fr_ukd ckdif+rJatmifvkyfEkdifapcJah yonf? wjznf;jznf; uGJjym;aeaom
"e&Sifvlwef;pm; twGi;f rS trsdK;om;"e&Sifrsm;tm; odrf;oGi;f EkdifpGrf;ukv
d nf; jzpfay:apcJhonf?

150

_ynfolhtm%m
tcef ; (5)
"e&Si fvlwef; pm; uGJj ym;vmjcif;
10? ? 1958 ckEpS f {+yDvwGif Armjynftpk;d &tm%mukd ,lxm;aom zqyv tzG@J csKyfonf uGJjym;cJh.?
Tok@d uJjG ym;jcif;onf "e&Sifvw
l ef;pm; uGjJ ym;jcif;jzpfonf[k qH;k jzwfchaJ yonf? tb,fah =umifh qH;k jzwfco
hJ enf;?

11? Armjynf"e&Siv
f w
l ef;pm;onf wjznf;jznf; uGjJ ym;vmaeaom vlwef;pm;jzpfayonf? Armjynftpk;d &onf
ajr&Si"f e&Sifvlwef;pm;rsm;. tpkd;&jzpfapumrl trsdK;om;"e&Sifvw
l ef;pm;w&yfv;Hk onf tpk;d &tm%mxJ yg&aSd ejcif;
r[kwfay? tpkd;&.ay:vpDrsm;ukd trsKd ;om;"e&Siv
f w
l ef;pm;w&yfv;Hk u auseyfaeonf[k rqkEd dik fay? trsdK;om;"e&Sif
rsm;onf wzufwGif tpk;d &ay:vpDrsm;ukd axmufcaH e=u+yD; tjcm;wzufwGif tpkd;&ay:vpDrsm;ukd rESpf+rdK@=uay?
48 ckESprf SpI Armjynf tpkd;&onf tm%m&,lxm;onfh umvwav#mufvk;H e,fcsJ@orm;. tultnDjzifh
jynfow
l d@k tay:wGif ppfay:vpDukd usio
fh k;H cJo
h jzifh ArmjynfwiG f pD;yGm;a&;tusyftwnf; bma&;tusyftwnf;rsm;
jzpfay:cJhayonf?
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jzpfxeG ;f aeaom vl@tv$mrsm;ukd zefw;D aeI tjcm;wzufwiG f jynfwiG ;f ppf.'%fudk jynfov
l x
l .
k trsm;wumh trsm;
pk}uD;tay:okd@ yHkcsaeayonf?
e,fcsJ@orm;ESifh jynfwGif;azmufjyefa&;orm;wkd@u zefw;D cJhaom Armjynftpd;k &u wkducf kdufaeonfh jynfwiG f;
ppfonf "e&Sifvlwef;pm;twGi;f uGjJ ym;jcm;em;a&;ukd wGef;aqmfcJhayonf?
1? 48 ckESpw
f Gif Armjynf"e&Sifvlwef;pm;onf t*Fvdyef ,fcsJ@orm;ESifh aphpyfIoGm;=uayonf?
1950 ckESpfwGif tar&duef e,fcs@J orm;ESihv
f nf; &if;ESD;pGm qufqv
H m=ujyefonf? Armjynftpkd;&u e,fcsJ@
orm;xHrS ,lcJhaom tultnDrsm;onf wzufwGif e,fcsJ@ESifh &if;ESD;pGm;yl;aygif;+yD; tusdK;pD;yGm;jzpfxGef;aom vl@
tv$mrsm;ukd zefw;D +yD; tjcm;wzufwGif e,fcsJ@orm; zdEySd fr_ 0efxkyf0efykd;rsm;onf tjcm;aom vl@tv$mrsm;ay:wGif
yHI
k usvmaeayonf? "e&Sifvw
l ef;pm;xJrS tykdif;wykid f;yifv#if e,fcsJ@orm;. zdESdyfr_ukd jyif;jypGm cHpm;vm&ayonf?
1954 ckEpS w
f iG f Armjynftpk;d &u *syefppfavsmaf =u; oabmwlncD suu
f dk csKyfqv
dk u
dk jf cif;onf ArmjynfwiG ;f ok@d
*syeft&if;tESD;rsm; vSdrfh0ifvma&;twGuf wHcg;}uD;ukd zGifhay;vku
d fayonf?
*syefppfavsmfa=u;ukd ta=umif;jyKI pD;yGm;a&;jzpfxGef;apaomolrsm; Armjynf"e&Sifvlwef;pm;twGif;
ay:aygufvmcJhayonf? wcsdefwnf;Yyif tusdK;aus;Zl;rcHpm;&ojzifh rausreyfjzpfaeolrsm;vnf; ay:aygufcaJh yonf?
1953 ckEpS w
f Gif t*Fvyd pf pfrpf&iS u
f dk jyefvw
$ jf cif;/ tar&dueftultnDudk r,lawmhbJ &yfypfjcif;/ tar&duef.
kyfao;wyfrsm;jzpfaom autrfwDrsm;. usL;ausmfr_ukd ukvor*~u ta&;,lapjcif;paom wpHw
k &m e,fcs@J qef@usif
151

_ynfolhtm%m
aom vkyfief;rsm;ukd Armjynftpkd;&u cef@cJx
G m;cJhayonf?
1954 ckESpfavmufwGif t*Fvyd ftar&duef e,fcsJ@orm;rsm;onf tm&Swdu
k fta&S@awmifykdi;f wkdif;jynfrsm;rS
trsKd ;om;vGwfajrmufa&; v_y&f mS ;r_rsm;uko
d mru wkwjf ynfo@l orRwEkid if u
H ydk g csde&f ,
G x
f m;aom qD;wd;k ac: usL;ausmf
a&; ppftyk pf u
k dk zG@J pnf;cJah vonf? qD;wk;d onf Armjynf. trsKd ;om;vGwv
f yfa&;ukd eD;uyfpmG wku
d f u
dk +f cdr;f ajcmufvm&m
Arm jynfolvx
l k taygi;f wkd@onf qD;wkd;ukd wcJeuf qef@usifvm=uayonf?
Armjynftpkd;&onf qD;wkd;ukd r0if[k twdtvif; a=unm+yD; =um;aea&;0g'ukd jywfom;pGm usifhoHk;rnf[k
qkdvmayonf?
54 ckESpfwGif wkwfArmtpkd;&wkd@. +idrf;csrf;a&; rl}uD; (5) csuf yl;wGJa=unmcsufonf Armjynfolwkd@.
e,fcs@J usL;ausmaf &;ppftyk pf x
k J ryg0ifa&;qEN/ trsKd ;om;vGwv
f yfa&;ESihf tcsKyftjcmtm%mukd xde;f odr;f vkad om qENudk
tckdiftrm jyvkdufjcif;jzpfayonf? ArmjynftrsKd ;om; vGwfajrmufa&;wkdufyu
GJ kd tqifo
h pfod@k ykd@aqmifchaJ yonf?
t*Fvdyt
f ar&duefe,fcs@J usL;ausmfa&;ppftyk fpkukd qef@usifaom Ekid fiHa&;oabmxm;rsm;ESifh usL;ausmaf &;
ppftkypf kbufokd@ wdr;f nwfaom Ekdiif Ha&;oabmxm;rsm; Armjynf"e&Sifvlwef;pm;rsm;twGif; jzpfay:cJhayonf?
tcJrausEikd af om t*Fvyd t
f ar&duef e,fcs@J orm;wk@d onf ArmjynfrS qefr0,f[q
k u
dk m tusyu
f idk v
f mojzifh
Armjynfonf eufi_d f;aom pD;yGm;a&; tusyftwnf;xJo@kd a&mufch&J ayonf?
Ttusyftwnf;xJrS xGufEkdif&ef tultnDay;olum; qkdAD,ufjynfaxmifpk trSL;jyKaom qkd&S,fvpf
wkid f;jynfrsm; jzpfayonf? 55 - 56 ckESpfavmufu qkd&S,fvpfwkdi;f jynfrsm;onf Armjynf. Edkiif Hjcm;od@k wifykd@onfh
qefxJrS 40 &m ckid fE_ef;ukd 0,f,lcaJh yonf? Armjynf trsKd ;om;0ifaiG 30 &mckdifE_ef;udk tmrcHcJhayonf?
Tjzpf&yfonf Armjynf. tem*wfjzpfay:r_twGuf av;eufaom t"dym` ,f&daS yonf? qkd&,
S v
f pfEdik if rH sm;.
tultnDonf Armjynftm; pD;yGm;a&;tusyftwnf;xJrS xGuf&efvrf;twGuf tultnDjzpfonfomru e,fcsJ@
orm;. csKyfukdix
f m;r_rS wpHkw&maom twkid f;twmtxd aemufxyfvGwfajrmufvmr_ukd jyayonf?
qk&d ,
S v
f pfwdik ;f jynfrsm;ESifh pD;yGm;a&;t& yl;aygi;f vkyu
f idk jf cif;onf trsKd ;om;pD;yGm;a&;zG@H +zdK;wk;d wufaponfudk
odjrifaom tpdwftykdi;f rsm;/ "e&Sifvlwef;pm;rsm;twGif;Y jzpfay:apcJ.
h ? wcsdew
f nf;Y qk&d S,fvpfwdik f;jynfrsm;ESifh
&if;ES;D pGm qufqaH &;ukd qef@usifaom tpdwftykid f;rsm;vnf; jzpfay:apcJh.?
jynfwGif;ppfukd ta=umif;jyKI Armjynftpkd;&onf jynfolwkd@. 'Drdu
k a&pDtcGifhta&;rsm;ukd t}uD;tus,f
zsuq
f D;cJh.? tpkd;&. 'Dru
kd a&pDqef@usifa&; zdEySd frr_ sm;ukd jynfow
l d@k u wk;d wufqef@usifvm=u.? wcsed u
f vlxktwGi;f
=oZm}uD;rm;cJzh ;l aom zqyv onf vlxkESifh uif;uGmvmcJ.
h ? Tokd@jzpfvmonft
h cg zqyv twGif;Yvnf;aumif;/
"e&Siv
f w
l ef;pm;rsm;twGi;f Yvnf;aumif; jynfow
l @dk . 'Dru
dk a&pDtcGit
hf a&;rsm;ukd qufvufzsuq
f ;D vko
d rl sm;ESihf rdrw
d @dk
tkyfp;kd r_udk rxdckdufapbJ 'Drdu
k a&pDtcGifhta&;rsm;ukd wpHkw&mjyefvnf azmfvo
kd lrsm;[lI uGJjym;vm&ayonf?
TtajctaewGif ta&;}uD;qHk;aom jy\emum; jynfwGif;ppfjy\em jzpf.? "e&Sifvlwef;pm;twGif;Y
jynfwGif;ppfa=umifh enf;rsdK;pHkjzifh pD;yGm;jzpfxGef;aeojzifh jynfwGif;ppfukd acgi;f rmpGm qufvufwkdufckdufvkdolrsm;ESifh
152

_ynfolhtm%m
jynfwGi;f ppfa=umifh pD;yGm;a&;wckv;Hk ysufpD;aejcif;ukd pdwfysu+f yD; +idrf;csrf;pGm pD;yGm;xlaxmifvo
kd jzifh jynfwGif;ppfukd
&yfpJvo
kd l[I
l wjznf;jznf; uGJjym;vmcJhayonf?

12? ? 1955 ckESpfukefavmufwGif ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDu jynfwGif;ppf&yfpJa&; jynfwGif;+idrf;csrf;a&;

vrf;pOfukd xkwfjyefchaJ yonf?
Tvrf;pOf &nf&G,cf surf Sm
(u) usqif;aeaom rdrdtajctaeukd wm;qD;a&;/ jynfolvlxkESifh tquftoG,cf idk +f rJpGm jyefvnfxal xmif
a&;/ wenf;tm;jzifh ajr,m&,la&;wku
d yf /JG vufeufuidk cf ck aH &;ppfyt
JG m;jzifh wnfaqmufcahJ om tvkyo
f rm;acgi;f aqmif
onfh tvkyform; - v,form;r[mrdwt
f zG@J ukd ckdicf HhpGm jyefvnfwnfaqmufa&;?
(c) e,fcsJ@ya'o&mZf qef@usifa&;wkdufyGJ txl;ojzifh jynfwGif;ppf&yfpJa&;wkdufyGJEiS fh trsdK;om;"e&Sirf sm;ukd
odrf;oGif;a&;?
(8) ajymif;vJaom Ekid if w
H umhtajctae jynfwiG ;f tajctaewk@d t& 'Dru
dk a&pDtcGit
hf a&; tmrcHcsurf &Sv
d #if
vufeufukdif ckcaH &;ppfukd tqH;k wkid fqifE$JoGm;a&;wk@d jzpfayonf?
ygwDu csrSwv
f kduaf om vrf;pOfonf rSev
f nf;rSefuef/ jynfov
l lxk. b0ESifhvnf;aumif;/ jynfolvx
l k.
tvkdqENESiv
fh nf;aumif; ukdufno
D nfhtwkdif; {&mr}uD;rm;aom jynfolvlxkukd v_H@aqmfpnf;Hk;EkdifchaJ yonf?
1956 ckEpS f a&G;aumufyrGJ sm;wGif Armwjynfv;Hk rJay;ol 45 &mckid fEe_ ;f onf Armjynftpk;d &. tjyKwfwu
dk af &;
vrf;pOfudk y,fcs+yD; yrnw u aqmf=owifjyaom aphpyfaqG;aEG;+yD; jynfwiG ;f ppf&yfpaJ &;twGuf qENrJay;cJ=h uayonf?
56 ckEpS f a&G;aumufyw
JG iG f zqyv onf trwfae&m trsm;pk&apumrl jynfov
l x
l .
k axmufcrH _ t}u;D tus,f
,kwaf vsmo
h Gm;ojzifh ygww
D iG f;Y ydyuQyI
dk jyif;xefvmcJah yonf?

13? Ta&G;aumufyGJ +yD;onfah emuf OD;Ek. ae&mwGif OD;AaqGu 0ef}uD;csKyfjzpfvmonf? aemuf OD;AaqGu
xGuaf y;+yD; OD;Ekjyefwufvmjcif;wk@d onf "e&Sifvlwef;pm;twGif; ydyuQjyif;xefvmr_udk a&mifjyef[yfjcif; jzpfayonf?
TtcsdeftcgwGif tpkd;&onf e,fcsJ@orm;/ jynfwGif;ajr&Sifrsm;ESifh"e&Sif}uD;rsm;. tusdK;twGufom
t"duvkyaf e+yD; "e&Siftvwfti,frsm; tudsK;ukd xdxda&mufa&muf rvkyaf y;onfhtjyif tcsdK@tykdif;rsm;rSm xdcdu
k f
epfemaeayonf? xif&mS ;onfo
h m"urSm wkid ;f &if;om; v#ypf pf"mwfr;D ykid &f iS rf sm; pD;u&uftvkyf kH ykid &f iS rf sm; epfemaejcif;
jzpfonf? od@k twGuf tcsdK@aom"e&Siftvwfrsm;/ ti,frsm;onf tpdk;&.ay:vpDudk qef@usifcck Hvm=uayonf?
Ttcsdew
f Gif xl;jcm;onfum;
153

_ynfolhtm%m
(u) tpk;d &onf "e&Siv
f w
l ef;pm; w&yfv;kH tusKd ;xuf "e&Si}f uD; tpdwt
f ykid ;f . tusKd ;uko
d m vkyv
f mjcif;?
(c ) tpk;d & ppfwyfonf ygvrD efvw
$ af wmfEiS hf uufbed uftzG@J w@dk . vufatmufrS uif;vGwrf u
_ kd wjznf;jznf;
,lvmjcif;/ jynfwiG ;f ppfjy\emukd tqH;k tjzwfay;onfh tzG@J tpnf;rSm uufbed uftpk;d &tzG@J r[kwaf wmhbJ trsKd ;om;
umuG,af &;aumifpjD zpfvmonf?
(* ) ppfwyfo;D jcm; pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef;rsm;ukd pwifxal xmifvmjcif; (yHEk ydS v
f yk if ef;/ vlo;kH ukeyf pPn;f axmufyahH &;)
(C) ppf0g'orm;rsm;onf ArmjynfEikd if aH &;b0wGif ta&;}uD;aomae&mod@k a&muf&v
Sd m+yD; "e&Si}f uD;rsm;ESihf
&if;ES;D pGm qufoG,fvyk fudik fvmjcif;wk@d jzpfayonf?
Ttajctaewk@d a=umifh "e&Si}f u;D wk@d uwzuf/ "e&Sit
f vwfEiS t
hf i,frsm;uwzuf ydyuQonf jyif;xefvmHk
ru ppf0g'orm;rsm;uwzuf jynfwiG f;ppf&yfpJvdak om tpdwftykdif;rsm;uwzuf ydyuQonfvnf; jyif;xefvmcJh
ayonf?
jynfolvlxk. jynfwGif;ppf&yfpJa&;/ jynfwiG f;+idrf;csrf;a&;v_yf&mS ;r_onf zqyv twGif;Y }uD;rm;pGm *&uf
kdufcwfcJhayonf?

14? ? Tok@d "e&Sifvlwef;pm;twGif; ydyuQrsm;jyif;xefaepOf 1958 ckESpf rwfvwGif =um;aea&;0g'ukd

usifhok;H aeaom OD;Ektpkd;&ukd jzKwfcsI t*Fvdyftar&duef e,fcsJ@orm;acgif;aqmifonfh tm&Swkduf ta&S@awmifyikd f;
usL;ausmfa&; ppftkyfpkxJ qGJoGif;&ef qD;wkd;aumifpDu qHk;jzwfch.
J ?

15? ? okd@twGuf
(u) q,fESpfumvywfvHk; zqyvtpk;d &u cef@cJcG aJh om trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDa&; qef@usifaom ay:vpDrsm;
t"rR jynfwGif;ppf ay:vpDrsm;ukd tvkyo
f rm;vlwef;pm;acgif;aqmifonfh jynfov
l x
l .
k }uD;rm;aom ckcw
H eG ;f vSerf E_ iS hf
() (c) Armjynf. =um;aea&;0g'ukd zsufI Armjynftm; e,fcsJ@usL;ausmfa&;/ ppftkyfpkxJ qGo
J Gif;&ef/ t*Fvdyf
tar&duefe,fcs@J orm;rsm;ESihf jynfwiG ;f azmufjyefa&;orm;wk@d . vkyf}uHr_? () wk@d . wkdufu
kd t
f usdK;oufa&mufr_
tjzpfjzifh 1958 ckESpf {+yDvwGif zqyv onf uGJc&Jh ayonf?

16? ? Tod@k ujJG ym;&mwGif trsKd ;om;vGwv

f yfa&;/ 'Dru
dk a&pDa&;/ jynfwiG ;f +idr;f csr;f a&;ponfw@dk EiS hf ywfoufI
tcsdK@aom ay:vpDa&;&mrsm;ESifh vufawG@vyk faqmifenf;rsm;wGif uGjJ ym;jcm;em;jcif;&Sdayonf? jyif wnf+rJ zqyv
ESifh oef@&iS f; zqyv [laom TESpfz@GJ tm; axmufcHae=uaom vlr_a&;tajccHwGiv
f nf; uGJjym;jcm;em;r_ &Sdaeonf?
ok@d twGuaf =umifh zqyv uGJjym;jcif;onf "e&Siv
f w
l ef;pm;uGJjym;jcif;ukd jyayonf[k u|Efyk w
f @dk ygwu
D ,lqcJah yonf?
154

_ynfolhtm%m

17? ? Tod@k "e&Siv

f w
l ef;pm;twGi;f uGjJ ym;r_udk Akv
d cf sKyfae0if;tpk;d &vufxuf jzpf&yfrsm;u xyfrt
H wnfjyKchJ
ayonf?
Armjynf "e&Sifvlwef;pm; uGJjym;jcif;onf wku
d fy0GJ ifae=uaom jynforl sm;tzkd@ tm;twuf}uD;wufap
aomfvnf; e,fcs@J orm;rsm;ESifh jynfwiG ;f azmufjyefa&;orm;rsm; yl;aygif;a&;/ "e&Si}f uD;rsm;ESihf ppf0g'orm;rsm;ukd t}uD;
tus,f wkefv_yfacsmufcsm;apcJhayonf?
okd@twGuf e,fcsJ@orm;. ya,m*/ jynfwGif;azmufjyefa&;orm;rsm;. tm;ay;r_jzifh wnf+rJ=oZmcH
wyfrSL;}uD;rsm;onf 1958 ckESpf atmufwb
kd mvwGif OD;Ekukd jzKwfcs+yD; tpkd;&tm%mukd odrf;,lcJhayonf? 1958 ckESpf
atmufwkd bmvwGif ygvDrefv$wfawmfukd tusyu
f kdifum tpkd;&tm%mukd qufvufodrf;ykdux
f m;cJhayonf?
Akv
d fcsKyfae0if; tpk;d &wufcgpu +idrf;csrf;a&;rl}uD; 5 csufukd usiho
f Hk;rnf[k uwday;cJhapumrl tar&duef
e,fcs@J xHrS a':vm 25 oef;acs;,lI a':vm 37 oef;taxmuftyH,
h +l yD; t*Fvdyftar&duefe,fcs@J orm; ppfa&;aoe*F
AsL[mt&jzpfaom - &efuek frEav; vrf;r}uD;ukd azmufvkyfjcif;
- ppfvufeufypPn;f rsm;ukd tar&duefxrH S oGif;,ljcif;
- Armjynfonf qD;wk;d tkypf b
k ufo@dk wpwpwdr;f nwv
f mjcif;
- e,fcs@J orm;ESihf jynfwiG ;f azmufjyefa&;orm;wk@d u zefw;D cJah om t"rRjynfwiG ;f ppfudk tar&duefaiG/ vufeuf
tultnDw@dk a=umifh qufvufwu
dk cf u
dk Ef dik jf cif;
- axmifcsDaom &Gmaygif;rsm;pGmukdt"rRajymif;a&$@+yD; aus;&Gmvlxk. aea&;xkdifa&;b0ESifh pD;yGm;a&;b0wkd@
t}uD;tus,f zsufp;D =ujcif;
- jynfolvlx.
k 'Drkdua&pDtcGifhta&;rsm;udk tpGrf;ukefzsufq;D +yD; tpGrf;ukefEySd fuGyfjcif;?
- }uHhckdifa&; tzGJ@rsm;zGJ@pnf;+yD; ppf0g'orm;rsm;u wd@k tajccHudk ckid fchaH tmifwnfaqmufvmjcif;
- ajr&Sifrsm;/ ol}uD; rsm;acgif;axmifvm+yD; tESpfESpftvvu ajrqDcrsm;ukd ppfwyft ultnDjzifh
v,form;rsm; xHrS awmif;cHjcif;
- trsdK;om;"e&Sifrsm;. pD;yGm;a&;ukdEdyS fuyG fjcif;
- e,fcsJ@ESifh &if;ESD;pGmyl;aygif;+yD; ppf0g'orm;rsm;udk tm;ay;axmufcHaeaom "e&Sif}uD;rsm;ukd trsKd ;rsKd ;jzifh
tultnDay;jcif;
- =u,fig;yGifh oabFmukr`%Dwnfaxmifjcif;/ yifv,fig;vkyfief;ESifh tif;vkyfief;rsm;ukd t}uD;tus,f
155

_ynfolhtm%m
vkyv
f mjcif;/ pmyHEk ydS fvyk fief;rsm;ukd wk;d cs@J vmjcif;/ tif;0b%fxal xmifvmjcif;/ vlok;H ukeyf pPn;f axmufyahH &;qkid }f uD;rsm;
zGifhvmjcif; ponfwkd@jzifh wyfrSL;}uD;rsm;u wkdi;f jynfbmrsm;ukd tykdifpD;um jynfolw@kd ESihf roufqikd faom ppfwyfydik f
pD;yGm;a&;ukd t}uD;tus,f xlaxmifvmjcif;
- e,frsm;wGif wyfrLS ;rsm;u ppfuefxku
d rf sm;ESihf yl;aygi;f pD;yGm;&Smvmjcif;
- v,f,mpku
d fysKd ;a&; t"du[k au;a=umf+yD; e,fcs@J orm;t}udKuf ukv
d dek pD ;D yGm;a&; pepfa[mif;ukd yHpk o
H pfEiS hf
xlaxmifxm;jcif;
- tpkd;&vuf0g;}uD;tkyf vkyfief;rsm;ESifh EkdifiHjcm;ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;ukd tpkd;&u vuf0g;}uD;tkyx
f m;jcif;
rsm;ukd wpwpzsuo
f drf;um Tvkyfief;rsm;ukd Ekid fijH cm;vuf0g}uD;tkyf t&if;&Sif}uD;rsm;tm; wjznf;jznf; jyefvnf
v$t
J yfjcif; (Oyrm-eu&z vkyfief;)
- tcsdefykdif;wckwGif wkdif;jynfyikd frvkyf[al om tmrcHcsujf zifh EkdifiHjcm;t&if;tESD;rsm;ukd ykdrkdjrKyfESHa&;twGuf
t&if;tED;S jrKyfEaHS &;Oya' jymef;jcif; () ponfw@dk udk =unfyh gru
l m; Akv
d cf sKyfae0if; tpk;d &onf Ekid if jH cm; vuf0g;}uD;
tkyt
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tav#mhay; aphpyfr_rsm; &Sdonf?
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ckEpS w
f iG f OD;Ektpk;d & jyKwu
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160

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jzKwfcsjcif;jzpf+yD; tjcm;wzufwGif OD;Ekukd,w
f kdiu
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ppf0g'acgi;f aqmifrsm;ukd wpHw
k &m qef@usiaf pumrl aemufyidk ;f wGif ppf0g'acgi;f aqmifrsm;tm; tavsmah y; aphpyfco
hJ nf?
jyif jynfaxmifpkygwaD cgi;f aqmifrsm;onf jynfolvx
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rsm;wGif t"dutm;jzifh cef@cGJaeaom e,fcsJ@ya'o&mZf xdef;odrf;umuG,&f ;/ t"rRjynfwiG f;ppf qufvufwkduaf &;
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k af &;
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f uQ%mukd rnfod@k rS zHk;uG,fjcif;r[kwaf y?

26? yrnw onf Oya'wGif;/ 'Drkdua&pDtwkdut

f cH tiftm;pk jzpfayonf? e,fcsJ@ya'o&mZfqef@usiaf &;
vkyif ef;pOf/ jynfwiG ;f ppf&yfpaJ &;/ jynfwiG ;f +idr;f csr;f a&;vrf;pOftwGuf &yfwnfaom tzG@J tpnf;jzpfonf? urBmq
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161

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tcef; (9)
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vkdayonf?
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f nfhtcg tvkyform;
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28? ? (u) jynfaxmifpkygwD tpk;d &onf 'Drkdua&pD xlaxmifa&;au;a=umf+yD; wufvmcJhayonf?

ok@d twGuf jynfaxmifpyk gwD tpk;d &vufxufwGif 'Drdu
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162

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- t*FvdyfygvDref 'Dru
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k a&pD xlaxmifa&;
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r[kwfay?
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f pkd;& jzpfayonf?
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umuG,fa&;/ t"rRjynfwGif;ppfqufwkdufa&;[laom e,fcso
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163

_ynfolhtm%m
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164

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(24/ 10/ 1960 )

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177

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179

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180

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198

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201

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244

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1978

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6226

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1979

5428

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1980

2513

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1976

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1977

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1978

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1979

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1980

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1981

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1982

3910

245

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246

Toabmw&m;. tjcm;aom tm;enf;csuw

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247

_ynfolhtm%m
wGif wifjycJah om wk@d . t"dutm;enf;csufrsm;ukd u|efawmfw@dk aocsmpGmoabmaygu+f yD; wk@d wifjyaom tcsuf
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f ufomG ;ay+yD? 1983 ckEpS Yf *syef.
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248

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249

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10? 1985-86 ckEpS fbmESpt
f wGi;f *syeftpkd;&u axmufyaHh iG 4 }udrfay;rnf? ,ef; 6443 oef;/ a':vm 25
'or 9 oef;jzpfonf?
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dk kyfuikd &f ,lrnfh vkyif ef;rsm;vnf; &Sad yao;onf?
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f wGuf tar&duefrS qufvufaxmufyahH iGjzifh a':vm 3 'or 74 oef;wef taphxw
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Jh nf? pkpkaygi;f a':vm
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k v
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wzef Ekdiif w
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251

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G af &; aumif;raumif; tajccHaqmufvyk af &;vkyfief;awG &Srd &Sd
ponfw@dk ukd pl;prf;wwf=uayonf? o,f,ly@kd aqmifa&; aumif;ygrS wdk@tzdk@ xkwfvyk af &;p&dwf oufomrnf r[kwf
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&Srd &S/d tcGet
f aumufpepfudk pdwfwdik ;f usrus ponfw@kd yifjzpfonf?
enf;ynm twwfynmukad wmh wdk@taejzifh tykdiu
f idk fxm;wwfayonf? Ekid if w
H Ekdiif HwiG f &if;ES;D jrKyfE&SH mY ,if;
Ekid if t
H m; twwfynmay;&ef r&nf&G,facs? aps;aygaom vkyftm;&&Sda&;ukdom pdwf0ifpm;=u ayonf?
ppftpk;d &. t}uD;pm;pufrv
_ yk if ef;qko
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f m&rSm rnfo@dk &o
dS enf;?
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f xd t}u;D pm;pufrv
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f iG f puft
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twkid ;f ajym&v#if taygph m;,mOf/ v,fxeG pf uf/ pufrv
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ESppf OfEpS w
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kd #if jynfyrS puftpdwt
f ykid ;f rsm;
ukdom wifoiG ;f &onf r[kwaf wmhbJ ukef=urf;rsm;ukyd if wifoiG f;ae&ayonf? wk@d xkwv
f yk af om ukeyf pPn;f 10 rsKd ;
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252

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xd@k a=umifh Tt}uD;pm; pufra_ umfyadk &;&Si;f qdo
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0ifaiG

t_H;tjrwf

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94 'or 62

100

5 'or 38

78-79

93 'or 92

100

6 'or 08

79-80

143 'or 00

100

- 43 'or 00

80-81

162 'or 90

100

- 62 'or 90

xk@d a=umifh TXme. jynfwGif;jynfyau;ukd atmufygtwkid ;f awG@=u&awmhonf?

1978

usyf 62 'or 51 uka

1979

? 109 'or 90 ?

1980

? 201 'or 69 ?

1981

? 268 'or 75 ?

1982

? 329 'or 22 ?

1983

? 403 'or 69 ?

1984

? 469 'or 32 ?

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1981-82

28 'or 62

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1982-83

33 'or 89

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9 'or 64

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568 'or 63
817 'or 75

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vlO;D a&rSmvnf; 80 &mckid Ef e_ ;f ausmyf if &So
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f Gm;=uygp@dk ?
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dk f }udK;yrf;oGm;=uygpd@k ?
254

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(2)
taeukd atmufygtwkdif; tuJjzwfcaJh yonf?
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vuf&u
Sd mv[m ay:aygucf Jh+yD;jzpfwJh 48-49
dk #if ta=umif;tcsuf 2 ck &S&d rnf jzpfonf?
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vmr,fh awmfveS af &;'Da&jrifhw@kd t=um;rSm a&muf&daS ewJh yxrta=umif;tcsurf mS yuwdbm0 ta=umif;tcsurf sm;
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255

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256

okd@aomf r=umvku
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257

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toD;oD;/ vlrsKd ;aygi;f pHk bmomra&G; jynfov
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1945 rS 1948
+idr;f csr;f pGm jzpfay:wk;d yGm;a&;qdw
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dk =f u+yD; ygw[
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1948 rS 1989
1948 rSm &efolu pwifvkdufwJh wefjyefawmfvSefa&; vufeufukdipf pfyGJukd u|eaf wmfwkd@ygwD&@J rdrdu,
kd fu,
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284

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u|efa wmfwkd@ygwD[m bma=umifh tESpf 50 =um wnfwHhEkdifcJhygovJ
vl@oufwrf;t& wGu&f ifawmh touf 50 qkdwm touf&Snfw,fv@kd qdEk kdifygw,f? vlwa,mufu tESpf 50
touf&SnfwmeJ@ ygwDwck tESpf 50 =um wnfwHhaeEkdiw
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(6)
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