Infrared Sensor Based Power Saver

Infrared Sensor Based Power
Saver
The simple circuit presented here will automatically switch off electrical
appliances like lights or fans as you vacate a room, after a
predetermined time period. -- Fayaz Hassan
March 1, 2016
11238
5
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Quite often you forget to switch off the light or fan when going out of the
room. The simple circuit presented here will automatically switch off
electrical appliances like lights or fans as you vacate a room, after a
predetermined time period. It will also switch on the light when you enter the
room again. This will reduce unnecessary power consumption. Fig. 1 shows
the pyroelectric/passive infrared (PIR) motion sensor used in the circuit.
Fig. 1: PIR motion-sensor module
Fig. 2: Circuit diagram of the PIR sensor based power saver

Circuit and working
The circuit diagram of the PIR sensor based power saver is shown in Fig. 2. It
is built around bridge rectifier DB107 (BR1), PIR motion sensor connected
across connector CON2, timer NE555 (IC1), two 1N4007 rectifier diodes (D1
and D2) and a few other components.
The circuit uses a PIR sensor, which detects the presence of people through
change in the infrared radiation from the room when people enter or leave
the room. The PIR sensor outputs around 3.3V high signal whenever it
detects radiation change in front of it.
IC1, resistor R3, potmeter VR1 and capacitor C3 are used as a timer here to
convert small time span of PIR signal to a long delay. Output of IC1 at pin 3
drives transistor T2, which, in turn, controls relay RL1. Electrical loads like
lights or fans are controlled through this relay.
230V AC mains power is connected

across connector CON1. It is stepped down to 9V through transformer X1,
rectified by bridge rectifier BR1 and filtered by capacitor C1. Thus we get
around 9V DC at test point TP1. This 9V DC voltage is used as power supply
for the circuit.
When the circuit is first switched on, capacitor C3 charges through potmeter
VR1 and resistor R3. During this time, voltage at pins 2 and 6 of IC1 is less
than two-thirds of its supply voltage, and so output pin 3 goes high. This
energises the relay through transistor T2, and the appliance is switched on.
When capacitor C3 charges above two-thirds of the supply voltage, IC1s
output pin 3 goes low and de-energises the relay and switches off the
appliance after some delay that can be adjusted through potmeter VR1.
Whenever motion is detected by the PIR, its output pin goes high (around
3.3V) for a while depending on the setting on the PIR. The high signal from
the PIR is fed to the base of transistor T1, which, in turn, discharges capacitor
C3 through resistor R4. When the capacitors charge (voltage) reaches less
than two-thirds of the power supply, output pin 3 of IC1 goes high again
(initial stage) and load is switched on.
When the load is switched off, LED2 glows. This indicates that the circuit is
under power-save mode.
Construction
and
testing
An actual-size, single-side PCB for the PIR sensor based power saver is shown
in Fig. 3 and its component layout in Fig. 4. Enclose the PCB in a small box in
such a way that you can easily connect 230V AC input to CON1 and the
light/fan to CON3 at rear end of the box. Connect the PIR using a 3-wire cable
to the PCB at CON2 and install it at a suitable location in your room.
Before using the PIR in the circuit, manually check it by connecting Vcc and
GND pins of PIR to a 9V (or 12V) battery. Then check for change in voltage at
signal output pin with respect to ground by waving your hand in front of the
sensor. Adjust sensitivity and time controls of the PIR as per requirement
(else turn both presets clock-wise to have highest sensitivity and high time
signal). The dome surface of the PIR should be clean for better sensing.
Fig. 3: Actual-size PCB pattern of PIR sensor based power saver
Fig. 4: Component layout of the PCB

Download PCB and component layout PDFs: click here
After manually checking the PIR, remove the battery and connect the PIR to
the PCB. You can assemble the circuit on the PCB with terminal connectors
for CON1 (input) and CON3 (output).
Verify that voltages at the test points are as per the table before using the
circuit. Check to see if LED2 is off and relay is energised. After some time,
LED2 will glow and the relay will get de-energised. Your circuit is now ready!
EFY notes. Some PIR sensors require an initial stabilisation time of 10 to 60
seconds in order to function properly. During this time, any motion in its
field-of-view (near 15m range) should be avoided.
Main DC voltage at TPI is unregulated.

Infrared Sensor Based Power Saver

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Infrared Sensor Based Power

Fig. 1: PIR motion-sensor module

Fig. 2: Circuit diagram of the PIR sensor based power saver

230V AC mains power is connected

Fig. 3: Actual-size PCB pattern of PIR sensor based power saver

Fig. 4: Component layout of the PCB

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