CHAPTER 17 - FOURIER TRANSFORM

List of topics for this chapter :

Fourier Transform and its Properties
Circuit Applications
Parsevals Theorem
Applications

FOURIER TRANSFORM AND ITS PROPERTIES

Problem 17.1 Find the Fourier Transform of the pulse shown in Figure 17.1.

f(t)
10
2 1
0 1 2 t
10

Figure 17.1

We begin with the derivative of f(t).

df ( t )
= ( t + 2) + ( t + 1) + ( t 1) ( t 2)
dt

Transforming this into the frequency domain yields,

jF() = ej2 + ej + ej ej2 = 2cos(2) 2cos()

Therefore,
2(cos( 2) cos())
F() =
j

Problem 17.2 Find the inverse Fourier transforms of the following,

(a) 10/[(j)(j + 5)]

(b) 5j/[(j + 1)(j + 2)]
(c) (2 j)/(2 + 4j + 3)
(d) 3()/[(j + 2)(j + 3)]

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 Now to find the inverse transforms.

10 A B
(a) F(s) = = + , A = 10/5 = 2 and B = 10/5 = 2
s(s + 5) s s + 5

Therefore, F() = (2/j) (2/(j + 5))

Transforming, f(t) = sgn(t) 2e5tu(t)

5s 5s A B
(b) F(s) = = = +
(s + 1)(s + 2) (s 1)(s + 2) s 1 s + 2

A = 5/(1 + 2) = 5/3 and B = 5x(2)/(2 1) = 10/3

Therefore, F() = [(5/3)/(j 1)] + [(10/3)/(j + 2)]

5 t 10
Transforming, f(t) = e u( t ) e 2 t u( t )
3 3

( 2 s) A B
(c) F(s) = = + , A = 3/2 and B = 5/2
(s + 1)(s + 3) s + 1 s + 3

Therefore, F() = [1.5/(j + 1)] [2.5/(j + 3)]

Transforming, f(t) = 1.5etu(t) 2.5e3tu(t)

1 3()e jt 1 3 1
(d) f(t) =
2 ( j + 2)( j + 3)
dt = =
2 6 4

Problem 17.3 [17.7] Find the Fourier transform of the "sine-wave pulse" shown in
Figure 17.1.
f(t) sin(t)
1

0 1 2 t

Figure 17.1

f ( t ) = sin(t ) [u ( t ) u ( t 2)]

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 F() = 0 sin(t ) e - jt dt =
2 1 2 j
(e e - j )(e - jt ) dt
2j 0

e
1 2 j ( - + ) t
F() = + e- j (+ ) t dt
2j 0
1 1 1
F() = - j ( ) t 2
+ - j ( + ) t 2
2 j - j ( ) 0
e e
0
- j ( + )
1 1 e-j2 1 e-j2
F() = +
2 +
1
F() = (2 + 2 e- j2 )
(2)( 2 )
2

F() = (e - j2 1)

2 2

CIRCUIT APPLICATIONS

Problem 17.4 Find the transfer function, Vo()/Vs() for the circuit shown in Figure 17.3.

3 1H
i
+
+
vs(t) 5 vo(t)

Figure 17.1

First we will solve for I.

Vs () V ()
I = = s , and Vo() = 5I
3 + j + 5 j + 8

Vo () 5
Therefore, =
Vs () j + 8

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 Problem 17.5 Solve for vC(t) in Figure 17.4, where i(t) = u(t) A.

+
i(t) 10 1F vC(t)

Figure 17.1

First we transform i(t) into the frequency domain.

1
10
j 1
I() = () + 1/(j), and VC() = I() = I()
1 j + 0.1
10 +
j

() 1
Therefore, VC() = + = V1 + V2
j j( j + 0.1)
1 A B
V2 = = + , where A = 1/0.1 = 10 and B = 1/(0.1) = 10
s(s + 0.1) s s + 0.1
Therefore, v2(t) = 5sgn(t) 10et/10u(t)

1 () jt 1
v1(t) =
2 j + 0.1
e d =
2 0.1
=5

This leads to vo(t) = 5 5sgn(t) 10et/10u(t), but sgn(t) = 1 + 2u(t)

Therefore, vo(t) = 5 5 + 10u(t) 10et/10u(t)

or vo(t) = 10(1 et/10)u(t) volts

Problem 17.6 [17.29] Determine the current i(t) in the circuit of Figure 17.1(b), given
the voltage source shown in Figure 17.1(a).

v(t) 2
1
i(t)
+
v(t) 1F

0 1 2 t
(a) (b)
Figure 17.1

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 v( t ) = ( t ) 2 ( t 1) + ( t 2)
- 2 V() = 1 2 e - j + e j2
1 2e- j + e- j2
V() =
- 2

1 1 + j2
Now, Z() = 2 + =
j j

V() 2e j e j2 1 j
I= =
Z() 2
1 + j2
1
I= (0.5 + 0.5 e- j2 e- j )
( j)(0.5 + j)

1 A B
But = +
A = 2, B = -2
(s)(s + 0.5) s s + 0.5

2 2
I() = (0.5 + 0.5e j2 e- j ) (0.5 + 0.5e- j2 e- j )
j 0.5 + j

1 1
i( t ) = sgn( t ) + sgn( t 2) sgn( t 1) e 0.5 tu(t ) e 0.5( t 2 ) u(t 2) 2 e 0.5( t 1) u(t 1)
2 2

PARSEVALS THEOREM

Problem 17.7 Find the total energy in v(t) where v(t) is the pulse shown below.

v(t)
10 V
2 1
0 1 2 t
10

1 2 1
(10) 2 dt + 10 2 dt = 100 t 2 + 100 t 1
2
In the time domain, W1 =
2 1

= 100 + 200 + 200 100 = 200 J

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 Problem 17.8 [17.43] A voltage source v s ( t ) = e -t sin( 2 t ) u ( t ) V is applied to a 1-
resistor. Calculate the energy delivered to the resistor.

W1 = - f 2 ( t ) dt =

0
e -2t sin 2 (2 t ) dt

1
But sin 2 (A) = [1 cos(2A)]
2

1 e -2t e -2 t
W1 = 0 e -2t (0.5) [1 cos(4 t )] dt =


[-2 cos(4t) + 4 sin(4t) 0
2 -2 0
4 + 16
1 1
W1 = + (-2) = 0.15 J
4 20

APPLICATIONS

Problem 17.9 Given the AM signal,

f(t) = 10(1 + 4cos(2000t))cos(x106t),

solve for the:

(a) the carrier frequency
(b) the lower sideband frequency
(c) the upper sideband frequency

m = 2000 = 2f which leads to f = 1 kHz

(a) c = x106 = 2fc which leads to fc = 500 kHz or 0.5 MHz

(b) Lsb = fc fm = (500 1) kHz = 499 kHz

(c) Usb = fc + fm = (500 + 1) kHz = 501 kHz

Problem 17.10 [17.47] A voice signal occupying the frequency band of 0.4 to 3.5 kHz is
used to amplitude modulate a 10-MHz carrier. Determine the range of frequencies for the lower
and upper sidebands.

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 For the lower sideband, the frequencies range from

10,000,000 3,500 = 9,996,500 Hz

to
10,000,000 400 = 9,999,600 Hz

For the upper sideband, the frequencies range from

10,000,000 + 400 = 10,000,400 Hz

to
10,000,000 + 3,500 = 10,003,500 Hz

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