Aquaculture in Victoria PDF

DEPARTMENT OF
PRIMARY INDUSTRIES
Aquaculture in Victoria
Planning Guidelines for Land based
Fisheries Victoria Management Report Series - No. 21
Fisheries Victoria
Management Report Series
Planning Guidelines for Land Based
Fisheries Management Paper

No.21
September 2005
Planning Guidelines for Land Based
September 2005
Fisheries Victoria
Fisheries Management Report Series No. 21
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Department of Primary Industries (2005). Planning This project was substantively funded by the
Guidelines for Land Based Aquaculture in Victoria. Victorian State Government's Aquaculture Initiative
Fisheries Victoria Management Report Series No.21. administered by the Department of Primary
Industries. Preparation of the Guidelines was
Authorised by the Victorian Government, supported by input from a steering group
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Published by the Department of Primary Industries. representatives of relevant Government agencies
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GPO Box 4440 Department of Primary Industries would like to
Melbourne, Victoria, 3001. acknowledge the contribution of Daniel Soussan of
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Printed by Classic Colour Copying, Melbourne.
Planning Guidelines for Land Based Aquaculture in Victoria

ii
Contents
Foreword.......................................................................................................................... v
1 Introduction.............................................................................................................1
1.1 Purpose ................................................................................................................................................................................1
1.2 Summary of Contents .......................................................................................................................................................1
1.3 Aquaculture Policy Statements .......................................................................................................................................1
2 Aquaculture – an Introduction............................................................................3
2.1 What is Aquaculture?........................................................................................................................................................3
2.2 Aquaculture Trends – Global, National and Victorian...............................................................................................3
3 Aquaculture in Victoria ........................................................................................5

3.1 Overview of Likely Trends for Aquaculture in Victoria ............................................................................................5
3.2 Major Species Farmed in Victoria ...................................................................................................................................5
4 Land Based Aquaculture Systems and Practices In Victoria .......................5

4.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................................7
4.2 Land Based Static Systems ...............................................................................................................................................7
4.3 Land Based Flow Through Systems...............................................................................................................................8
4.4 Marine Onshore Systems..................................................................................................................................................8
4.5 Closed or “Recirculation Aquaculture Systems” (RAS) .............................................................................................9
4.6 Species in Victorian Aquaculture..................................................................................................................................10
5 Government Support for Aquaculture Development................................ 12

5.1 Department of Primary Industries (Fisheries Division) ...........................................................................................12
5.2 Department of Sustainability and Environment........................................................................................................12
5.3 Department of Innovation, Industry and Regional Development Programs (DIIRD) .......................................12
5.4 The National Aquaculture Action Agenda.................................................................................................................13
6 Siting and Servicing Implications for Aquaculture ................................... 14

6.1 Introduction. .....................................................................................................................................................................14
6.2 Investor issues ..................................................................................................................................................................14
6.3 Protecting Critical Values ...............................................................................................................................................15

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7 Likely Locations for Land Based Aquaculture Facilities ...........................17
7.1 Rural Areas .......................................................................................................................................................................17
7.2 Industrial Areas................................................................................................................................................................17
7.3 Other Areas.......................................................................................................................................................................17
8 Planning Framework for Aquaculture Proposals ........................................18

8.1 Aquaculture and the Victorian Planning System – an Introduction ......................................................................18
8.2 Aquaculture Definition...................................................................................................................................................18
8.3 What References to Aquaculture Currently Exist in the VPP Planning Policy....................................................18
8.4 When is a Planning Permit required for a land based Aquaculture Proposal .....................................................20
8.5 The Planning Permit Application Process...................................................................................................................21
9 Preparing an Application for an Land Based Aquaculture Facility ........22

9.1 Pre-application Steps.......................................................................................................................................................22
9.2 Application Requirements .............................................................................................................................................22
10 Assessing Land Based Aquaculture Facility Proposals..............................26

10.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................................26
10.2 Strategic Considerations - Government Policy Objectives.......................................................................................26
10.3 Other Site Specific Considerations / Potential Impacts.............................................................................................26
11 Relevant Legislation ...........................................................................................37

11.1 Relevant Legislation ........................................................................................................................................................37
11.2 Other Legislation..............................................................................................................................................................37
11.3 Referral with Other Government Agencies ................................................................................................................38
Appendices
Appendix A. Possible Permit Conditions..........................................................................................................................39
Appendix B. Useful Contacts ..............................................................................................................................................43
Appendix C. Internet Links .................................................................................................................................................47
Appendix D. Useful Publications and References ...........................................................................................................48
Appendix E. Glossary...........................................................................................................................................................49

iv
Foreword
Aquaculture is an emerging primary industry in different production systems and more than ten
Victoria with a strong regional presence and good species spread across all regions.
prospect for future growth. The industry however
These guidelines were therefore developed to assist
operates within a complex regulatory environment
community stakeholders to better understand the
and its continued growth relies on it demonstrating
nature of key aquaculture farming systems. In
sustainable use of inland and coastal marine
doing so, they include a balanced assessment of the
resources.
likely amenity impacts for key land-based farming
Despites its recent growth, community knowledge systems.
of aquaculture remains generally low with a
It is hoped the guidelines will directly assist local
correspondingly high level of interest in the
government planners and other agencies in
industries’ environmental and amenity impact. The
assessing aquaculture applications and more
provision of balanced information about the nature
broadly contribute to the communities' knowledge
of industry may assist in statutory approvals
of this emerging industry. In doing so, it is hoped
processes while informing the general community.
that community understanding of aquaculture will
This issue was first raised by an industry taskforce
develop with the industry.
of the Office of Regulatory Reform in its
recommendations (1999) and, more recently, in a The guidelines were developed under the State
study of community attitudes to aquaculture (2005). Government’s aquaculture initiative funding
program that aims to promote sustainable industry
In some cases, community perceptions of
development.
aquaculture are drawn from overseas experiences
and popular press that tend to characterise the
industry in one basket. In reality, aquaculture
features a wide range of farming activities that
requires specialist knowledge and systems tailored
to meet each species requirements. In Victoria
alone, land-based aquaculture involves at least four Minister For Agriculture

v
vi
1 Introduction
Section 5 - Outlines existing government
1.1 Purpose support for aquaculture.
The purpose of the Planning Guidelines for Land
Based Aquaculture in Victoria (the Guidelines) is to Section 6 - Provides an outline of the different
provide local government planning officers, siting and servicing considerations for
aquaculture proponents, third parties and the aquaculture proposals, including an outline of
general pubic with a document that: the principal “critical values” that should be
protected.
enhances knowledge of the aquaculture industry
and its value to the Victorian economy and Section 7 - Provides an outline of the most likely
dispels some of the myths associated with land locations for the establishment of land based
based aquaculture operations; aquaculture facilities based on existing
experience and anticipated future demand.
explains the nature of the various land based
aquaculture systems that may be implemented Section 8 - Introduces the Victorian planning
in Victoria; system, outlines how aquaculture currently fits
within that system, and describes the steps and
outlines government support for land based processes involved with the assessment of
aquaculture development; and planning permit applications.
provides a comprehensive planning framework Section 9 - outlines the recommended steps that
for land based aquaculture proposals. should be undertaken, and the information that
Planning and responsible authorities are should be submitted, in preparing a town
planning permit application for aquaculture.
encouraged to consider the Guidelines for Land
Based Aquaculture in Victoria, 2004, in their Section 10 - Outlines matters that are normally
decision-making. relevant to the assessment of aquaculture
proposals.
Offshore marine aquaculture systems have been
excluded from the scope of these guidelines because Section 11 - Outlines legislation and government
the Victorian Planning Provisions (VPP) do not agencies which affect aquaculture.
generally apply to marine waters. Hence this study
applies only to land based and marine onshore The various Appendices - Outline possible
aquaculture systems, although some information permit conditions for aquaculture and list useful
about mariculture is included for background contacts, internet links, publications and
context. references.
1.2 Summary of Contents 1.3 Aquaculture Policy Statements

Section 1 - Outlines the purpose of the The Victorian Government is committed to
Guidelines and summarises Government’s facilitating the sustainable development of
Policy with respect to land based aquaculture aquaculture in Victoria. This commitment is
development in Victoria. consistent with the Government's vision for the
future, Growing Victoria Together, which promotes
Section 2 - Provides a brief introduction to sustainable development and recognises the
aquaculture and outlines general industry trends economic opportunities that industries, like
in the global, national and State contexts. aquaculture, can bring to regional areas of Victoria.
Section 3 - Provides a more specific insight into The State Government has provided $2 million over
the aquaculture industry in Victoria by four years to promote the development of
providing a general overview of the future aquaculture in Victoria and stated in their 2003/4
direction of aquaculture in Victoria, and a budget policy statement: “…will promote training
description of the major species farmed. and industry development assistance to integrated
aquaculture and farming…and establish a strategic
Section 4 - Provides an outline of the different
types of systems used to farm aquaculture policy and planning advisory group to advise
species in Victoria. Government, that draws on industry, scientific, and

1
community expertise to promote and assist the The ORR completed its Review of Regulatory
development of aquaculture in Victoria". The Arrangements in the Aquaculture Industry (1999) and
advisory group will play a key role in the made a number of recommendations to improve the
development of a new aquaculture strategy. regulatory arrangements for the aquaculture
industry. This review recommended the
The Victorian Aquaculture Strategy (1998) (the
development of aquaculture planning guidelines to
Strategy) represented Victoria's first whole of
assist municipal planning authorities in interpreting
government commitment to facilitate aquaculture in
how the Victorian Planning Provisions relate to
partnership with industry with a mutual aim to
different aquaculture production systems (Rec 3.1).
expand the value of the industry on a sustainable
It also recognised the potential for some types of
basis. The Strategy was developed with the aim of
aquaculture to be an 'as of right' use in some
creating a profitable, diverse, ecologically
planning zones (Rec 3.2). These recommendations
sustainable and well-managed aquaculture
are the primary policy driver for the commissioning
industry. Goal Four of the Strategy acknowledges
of aquaculture planning guidelines.
the need to establish a supportive legislative, policy
and administrative framework, with one of the
tasks being to assist the Office of Regulation Reform
(ORR) complete a review of the legislative,
administrative and regulatory framework in which
the aquaculture industry operates.

2
2 Aquaculture – an Introduction
This section provides a brief introduction to aquaculture and general industry trends in the global, national
and State contexts.
capita protein consumption and gross domestic
2.1 What is Aquaculture? product are all estimated to increase over the next
Aquaculture is the growing of aquatic organisms 10-15 years. Yet with the majority of wild fisheries
under controlled conditions, usually for human stocks now being fully exploited and a growing
consumption. number of collapsed fisheries, supplies from global
marine and inland fisheries have reached a plateau
As well as traditional fish species, aquatic animals
and plants, aquaculture products may also include and are unlikely to increase.
eggs, larvae/fingerlings, brood-stock, ornamental Aquaculture is a relatively new global industry that
species (aquatic plants and fish), and industrial or is growing by 11% a year, compared with 3% for
cosmetic products. terrestrial livestock and little or no growth for wild
Land based farming methods include the use of capture fisheries.
static water bodies such as dams or lakes, water Aquaculture contributes about 30% of global
courses such as creeks or rivers, and enclosed fisheries production, currently worth about A$100
recirculation systems. billion per annum. Driving this growth has been
increasing world demand for seafood products that
Climate, geography, government regulation and
markets all play a role in determining where the world’s wild fisheries are increasingly unable to
aquaculture industries are sited. Australia ’s meet.
climatic zones range from tropical to cool Aquaculture production is expected to dominate
temperate, so a wide variety of species can be global fish supplies by 2030, with less than half of
farmed. the fish consumed coming from wild capture
fisheries.
As a general overview:
Pearls, prawns, redclaw, barramundi and Australian Trends
crocodiles are produced in the northern tropical Aquaculture is the fastest growing primary industry
in Australia, increasing in value by an average of
regions (Queensland, the Northern Territory,
northern Western Australia). 13%a year since 1990. In 2001-02, the gross value of
Australian aquaculture production was $733
Atlantic salmon, edible oysters, abalone and million, about 30% of Australia’s fisheries
mussels are produced in the cooler southern production.
temperate ocean waters.
Major aquaculture products are southern bluefin
Trout, silver perch, Murray cod, yabbies and tuna, pearls, Atlantic salmon, oysters, prawns, trout,
marron are also produced in the southern inland mussels, silver perch and barramundi. Nearly 95%
regions. of production value comes from these sectors.
Although a tropical species, barramundi can be The Australian industry directly employs more than
farmed in the southern mainland states in heated 7,000 people and indirectly more than 20,000
tank systems. In the future, marine finfish may people. During the past four years employment in
also be farmed in inland saline water. aquaculture has grown by 260 per cent.
It is Australia’s sixth fastest growing occupation
2.2 Aquaculture Trends – Global, and the fastest growing occupation within primary
National and Victorian industries. Industry has forecasted that by 2010, the
Global Trends aquaculture industry in Australia will achieve
Seafood accounts for between 13.8% and 16.5% of annual sales of $2.5 billion, a 335% increase on
the animal protein intake of the global human current production.
population. The aquaculture industry is currently largely based
About 1 billion people rely on fish as their main in regional Australia, and makes a significant and
source of animal protein. Global population, per positive contribution to regional development.

3
Aquaculture adds diversity to a region’s economic 2.3 Key Attributes For Successful
base and creates demand for educational and
training services, development services, Aquaculture
infrastructure and locally produced goods. Australian aquaculture is a relatively new and
diverse primary sector industry. Unfortunately,
The global demand for seafood indicates that the expectations of success in aquaculture are often
Australian aquaculture industry has a considerable unrealised and many small and large businesses
potential for growth with corresponding generation
fail. Potential investors should understand the
of employment and revenue. regulatory, commercial and technical elements of
Victorian Trends the industry before proceeding. Commercial success
Victoria produces around $21 million of in aquaculture requires a long-term outlook and a
aquaculture product per year and accounts for host of business skills.
around 70% of Australia’s trout and 40% of mussels Key attributes of a successful aquaculture business
in production value. Trout, mussels and
include:
ornamentals (aquarium species) account for more
than 90% of Victoria’s production. The total value Fish farming experience (animal husbandry);
of Victoria’s aquaculture production accounts for
Market knowledge;
only 2.8% of the Australian total value.
Understanding of species site selection
The Victorian aquaculture industry is progressively
requirements;
becoming more oriented towards market-driven
products with greater export potential. With the Appropriate system design; and
introduction of abalone into the mix of farmed
species, production is expected to exceed $50
Business management experience.
million by 2004/05. Further information on the issues and risks
associated with aquaculture development can be
In recent years, there has been significant
obtained from the Aquaculture in Victoria
investment in capital infrastructure. The growth in
Investment Analysis (Department of Primary
capital investment has occurred in onshore abalone
Industries (2003)).
farms and closed production systems or
“recirculation aquaculture systems” (RAS).
The abalone sector, for example, has invested in
excess of $9 million in recent years, with industry
forecast production in 2002 of approximately $15
million.

4
3 Aquaculture in Victoria
This section provides a more specific insight into the aquaculture industry in Victoria by providing a general
overview of the future direction of aquaculture in Victoria, and a description of the major species farmed in
Victoria.
estuarine specie Australian bass (Macquaria
3.1 Overview of Likely Trends for novemaculeata).
Aquaculture in Victoria Typical systems utilised include the production of
Victoria has excellent resources for an expanded fingerlings utilising ‘green pond’ methods for
aquaculture industry, targeting the export market restocking purposes, and supply for controlled
for Victorian aquaculture products. Further grow-out farming in recirculation systems and
industry growth in the domestic market can occur ponds.
by:
Barramundi (Lates calcarifer)) are also produced, but
Substitution of gradually diminishing wild under strict bio-secure conditions in intensive RAS.
caught products by farmed products; RAS continue to expand and develop at a steady
Innovation of new products not lawfully or rate. Challenges include cost of production and
easily obtainable from the wild (e.g.: price competition from wild production or
‘undersized’ fin fish, abalone and Atlantic interstate.
Salmon caviar); Salmonids (trout & salmon)
Coastal abalone farming; Commercial rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
and freshwater Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
Offshore shellfish farming; farming systems are distributed throughout the
Refinement of Recirculating Aquaculture cooler regions of northeast Victoria. This sector
Systems (RAS); and features a high level of value adding on both large-
scale commercial intensive aquaculture farms and
Increased exports interstate and overseas. smaller tourism ventures.
Exports (mainly pearls and southern bluefin tuna to Products include among others, fresh chilled, whole
Asia) already account for more than 60% of the (gilled, gutted) smoked, and caviar.
value of Australian aquaculture. Because of the
need to export products, the focus of future growth Challenges include increasing environmental
and development in the Victorian aquaculture restrictions on effluent discharge and water use,
industry will be as part of a global and national and availability of large volumes of cool water often
market, rather than just a local market. linked with unseasonal climatic conditions.
Eels
3.2 Major Species Farmed in The Victorian eel industry utilises the productive
Victoria inland natural lake systems of Victoria for the
extensive grow-out of the short-finned eel (Anguilla
Trends for the major species farmed in Victoria, australis).
including some marine species for background
context are summarised below. For the latest Over the past 30 years, eel production has increased
figures a copy of the Fish Production Bulletin can be and is beginning to expand into the harvest and on
obtained from Primary Industries Research Victoria, growing of both short-finned and long-finned
Freecall: 1800 620 896. (Anguilla reinhardtii) glass eels under intensive
enclosed farming systems.
Warm water finfish (inland)
A range of native Murray Darling warmwater The breeding cycle for eels is not well understood
finfish and one estuarine specie are produced across and farming requires the collection of juveniles
Victoria under intensive and extensive conditions. from the wild. The availability of juvenile eels is
The native freshwater species include Murray cod variable and unreliable and represents a key
(Maccullochella peelii peelii), golden perch (Macquaria challenge for future industry growth.
ambigua), silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus), and the

5
Abalone The release of large new marine sites (from ECC
The abalone industry is the fastest growing recommendations) may see an expansion of this
aquaculture industry sector in Victoria with farmers industry and diversification into the production of
producing blacklip abalone (Haliotis rubra) and additional species of shellfish such as flat oyster,
greenlip abalone (Haliotis laevigata). scallops and abalone.
With clean coastal waters and significant Yabbies
achievements in research and development, Victoria The freshwater crayfish industry utilises existing
is destined to significantly increase supply to the farm dams or purpose-built ponds for production of
international and domestic abalone markets. yabbies (Cherax destructor) under semi-intensive or
extensive farming methods.
Hatchery production data indicates substantial
increases in on-grown on-farm stock. Based on Freshwater crayfish farming is often undertaken by
recent hatchery production and given there is a Victoria’s farmers for diversification and may
minimum 3-4 year period from the start of grow-out involve tourism or other value-adding ventures.
to commercial harvest, production is expected to Industry deregulation and increased harvest from
continue to increase at a similar rate over the existing farm dams under the ‘multiple waters
coming years. provision’1 will encourage greater farmer
participation and increased production.
The number of abalone farms seems to have
stabilised. However, established farms continue to This small sector has expanded over the past 4
expand grow-out facilities gradually increasing years, but has been recently impacted by drought
production. conditions.
Most production has to date centred on greenlip, Ornamentals
blacklip and hybrid (of greenlip and blacklip) The Victorian ornamental sector involves a high
abalone. Most farms are supplying a small but level of retail exposure and produces more than 100
constant amount of live product to export markets highly sought and valued temperate and tropical
in Asia. Most farmers are selling to established species for the aquarium trade. The majority of
processors or entering into joint ventures to develop temperate fish produced by this sector are goldfish.
new product lines such as canned (transparent and The tropical fish production mainly comprises a
traditional cans), vacuum packs and dried abalone. variety of exotic aquarium species.
The main challenge for this sector is in the financing A challenge for the regulation of the ornamental
of grow-out facilities and operating costs whilst sector includes the development of a nationally
reaching significant export volumes. Another consistent regulatory framework that recognises
challenge comes from currency fluctuations, which risks associated with the movement of non-endemic
have affected the export price. The release of new species and commercial trade opportunities.
land sites identified through the ECC process (Point
Lilias) may see further expansion of the industry.
Mussels
The sheltered, productive waters of Port Phillip Bay
and Western Port support the farming of blue
mussels (Mytilus edulis), using long-line culture
methods. Mussel farmers continue to increase
production and are considering diversifying into
new shellfish species and value adding. This sector
has shown some consolidation in its production
with larger operators absorbing smaller farms
achieving economies of scale. Larger operators are
developing value added products.
1
The multi-waters provision allows multiple landowners
to be listed under a single licence for the harvest of
yabbies from farm dams. This provision means existing
agricultural farms can undertake small-scale aquaculture
production without the need for an individual licence.
Appendix B provides further information on this class of
licensing.

6
4 Land Based Aquaculture Systems and
Practices In Victoria
This section provides an outline of the different types of systems used to propagate aquaculture species in
Victoria.
4.1 Introduction 4.2 Land Based Static Systems

The relevant major land based aquaculture systems Land based static systems typically utilise ponds.
that are operating in Victoria can be grouped into Ponds are artificial impoundments and are usually
four main categories: - made of earth. Earthmoving equipment is used to
construct earthen dams or levees that hold the
Land Based Static Systems
water. The size may range from 0.05 ha to 20 ha or
Land Based flow-through systems more. The depth of ponds usually varies from 1 to
2.5 metres.
Marine onshore systems
Closed or recirculation systems (RAS)
The choice of system for each species is mainly
governed by economic factors as well as biological
or ecological factors such as stocking densities,
temperature ranges, dissolved oxygen levels and
predator control. For example, every species has an
optimum temperature range for growth and some
species such as the salmonids and abalone require
flowing water and require higher levels of dissolved
oxygen than species that can be grown in ponds.
The potential impacts of each of the systems are
separately discussed in section10.3 of these
Figure 1. Land based static system
guidelines.
(photographic example)
Figure 2. Land Based Static System (Explanatory Diagram – indicative only)2
2
Please note that this diagram provides only an indicative layout for an land based static system and is in no way the basis
for the prescriptive design of such a system

7
Ponds which are used principally to water stock are barramundi are often grown in pens in other
usually not suitable for aquaculture as they are Australian states.
irregularly shaped, the bottoms are not smooth, and
they cannot be drained. They are also prone to 4.3 Land Based Flow Through
overflowing, allowing fish to escape.
Systems
Rectangular ponds are generally easier to manage Flow through or open systems are enclosures where
than square or irregularly shaped ponds. The the water enters at one point (intake) and moves
bottom of ponds should be smooth and free of holes through carrying wastes out at the lower end
and snags to allow easier harvest. Ponds should be (outlet). The term ‘flow through systems ’ is
able to be drained, both for harvest, and for drying typically used for any system that provides a flow
of the earth between crops. through of water to enable the rearing of dense
Water circulation, removal of sediment and populations of fish.
harvesting techniques should all be considered
when planning a pond. Pond sites must have soil
that will hold water- soils high in clay are best. The
most successful ponds are those built specifically to
farm fish, with a specific size and shape, with water
level and water quality monitored and maintained.
Floating pens can be used within ponds, lakes,
rivers, estuaries, and in the sea. This type of culture
is mainly used with finfish. Floating pens are
usually more intensive than pond culture as the
large body of water allows the removal of wastes
away from the crop, however, to achieve this
mechanical aeration is often required. Very large Figure 3. Land Based Flow Through System
floating pens are constructed with nylon or plastic (Photographic Example)
netting and are often called net pens. Salmon and
Figure 4. Land Based Flow Through System (Explanatory Diagram – Indicative Only)3
3
Please note that this diagram provides only an indicative layout for a flow through system and is in no way the basis for
the prescriptive design of such a system

8
Such systems can include water raceways usually
constructed of concrete (but also fibreglass or
plastic) tanks, purpose built bottom draining
earthen ponds and other manufactured containers
that allow the flow through of water from inflow
points to outflow points.
Production can be more intensive in flow through
systems than in static ponds, as the water turnover
ensures wastes are removed and the water is well
oxygenated.
Trout are most commonly produced in flow
through systems due to their requirements for high
levels of dissolved oxygen, and cold water.
Figure 5. Marine Onshore System (Photographic
Example)
4.4 Marine Onshore Systems
Marine onshore systems bear some similarities to The environmental and siting issues associated with
freshwater flow through systems, except that freshwater and marine flow through systems are
seawater is pumped ashore and circulated through also different (please refer to section 6 of this report
various different types of tanks located on land, for more detail).
then returned to the sea. The main species farmed in Victoria using marine
Large volumes of high quality sea water are pump-ashore systems is abalone, which can also be
continuously pumped through these systems, grown offshore in containers or pens.
whereas freshwater flow through systems usually
rely on gravity, at a much lower operating cost, as
well as lower capital infrastructure costs.
Figure 6. Marine Onshore System (Explanatory Diagram – Indicative Only)4
4
Please note that this diagram provides only an indicative layout for an on-shore system and is in no way the basis for the
prescriptive design of such a system

9
4.5 Closed or “Recirculation
Aquaculture Systems” (RAS)
Closed or recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS)
are those which re-use water with mechanical and
biological treatment between each use. Most
systems use tanks for growing the fish, with water
being recirculated through filters and pumped back
into the tank.
A recirculating system generally occupies very little
area, requires less water than conventional Figure 8. R.A.S. Exterior (Photographic Example)
aquaculture, allows higher stocking densities and
provides a predictable and constant environment Tanks are usually designed specifically for this
for the culture species. purpose and are constructed from food grade
plastic or fibreglass. Some may be constructed from
concrete or glass. Tanks make efficient use of water
but are expensive to set up and operate. They are
commonly used in hatcheries and for the
production of ornamental fish as large quantities of
fish can be grown in a relatively small area of tanks.
Figure 7. R.A.S. Interior (Photographic Example)
Figure 9. Recirculating Aquaculture System (Explanatory Diagram – indicative only)

10
The development of RAS technology has provided Comparable overseas experience indicates that
for a wide range of aquaculture opportunities due facilities using closed system technology are likely
to fewer siting constraints. Closed system
to become a key sector in the Victorian aquaculture
technology has advantages that include: -
industry; with no greater amenity or environmental
Water use efficiency – these systems recycle impacts than any other general industrial use, and
water meaning there is less water used per tonne
often less amenity or environmental impacts than
of fish produced. Because there is minimal
water exchange with the environment these other types of aquaculture.
systems are more bio-secure than 'open' systems,
which allows fish to be grown outside their 4.6 Species in Victorian
natural range. Aquaculture
Space efficiency – recirculation facilities are The following table is a list of key species already or
usually enclosed within large sheds that can be that show potential to be farmed in inland Victoria,
located in most locations with access to water and the preferred system for each species. Other
and electricity. This allows facilities to be species not listed may be in developmental/pilot
positioned on land close to markets in industrial stages.
or other appropriate zones.
Table 1. Species in Victorian Land Based Aquaculture
Species Land Based static RAS Marine on-shore Freshwater flow thru
Australian bass a
Silver perch aa a
Golden perch aa
Murray cod a aa
Trout a a aa
Salmon (Atlantic & a a aa

Chinook)
Abalone aa
Yabbies aa a
Eels aa a
Barramundi aa a
Ornamentals (e.g. a a
goldfish)
aa= Preferred system

a= Other systems

11
5 Government Support for Aquaculture
Development
In order to facilitate appropriate land based aquaculture development, the Victorian Government provides a
range of advice and support to communities, local government decision makers and land based aquaculture
proponents. Ensuring all parties have access to relevant information and advice will help support balanced
outcomes which benefit all Victorians.
A range of different government agencies provide this assistance and support. This section outlines the various
roles that these agencies play.
DSE is also responsible for the integrated
5.1 Department of Primary management of Victoria’s natural resource base,
Industries (Fisheries Division) including land identification, resource development
www.dpi.vic.gov.au and utilisation and the protection, conservation and
management of Victoria’s natural environment.
The Fisheries Division of the Department of DSE is able to provide advice and further details
Primary Industries (DPI) is the management agency about the appropriate flora and fauna survey
responsible for Victoria's fisheries. It is responsible requirements.
for ensuring the State's fishery resources are
conserved by careful management of commercial See Appendix B for contact details of the DSE
and recreational fishing activities and of regional offices.
aquaculture operations. The Fisheries Division
issues licences that permit the holder to use 5.3 Department of Innovation,
aquaculture equipment to culture fish as defined in Industry and Regional
the Fisheries Act 1995.
Development Programs (DIIRD)
Information specific to licensing requirements can www.iird.vic.gov.au
be directed to the Aquaculture Licensing Officer on
136 186 or at the DPI website on 13 22 60 within Victoria or 1800 655 142 within
www.dpi.vic.gov.au Australia
Enquiries about planning and environment The Department of Innovation, Industry and
assessment processes for land based aquaculture Regional Development (DIIRD) is responsible for
development should be made in the first instance to encouraging business growth, securing investment,
the relevant Regional Aquaculture Development promoting exports and creating employment in
Officer who can be contacted through regional DPI Victoria.
offices. Industry, investment and business assistance
See Appendix B for contact details of DPI regional programs are delivered by the Department. With
offices. offices across the State and in key cities overseas,
DIIRD serves as an important point of contact
5.2 Department of Sustainability between industry and the Victorian Government.
and Environment The Department has a pivotal role in building a
www.dse.vic.gov.au development climate that attracts investors and in
which businesses and communities can prosper and
The Department of Sustainability and Environment build for continuing success. It works in partnership
(DSE) oversees Victoria’s planning and with business, other levels of government and the
environment assessment systems. Planning scheme community to maximise Victoria’s capacity for
information is available from economic and social growth.
www.dse.vic.gov.au/planningschemes. Council
contact details are available from The above organisations, and in particular DPI,
www.dvc.vic.gov.au/localgov.htm where ‘Victorian have considerable knowledge of aquaculture and
Local Governments’ should be opened. should be considered a key referral agency for all
aquaculture applications.

12
5.4 The National Aquaculture The National Aquaculture Policy Statement was
released in August 2003 as a strategic initiative of
Action Agenda the National Aquaculture Industry Action Agenda.
The National Aquaculture Action Agenda released The objective of the policy is to send a clear message
in December 2002 outlines ten strategic initiatives to the Australian public, aquaculture industry and
aimed at removing impediments to the growth of domestic and international investors, that Australia
the aquaculture industry in Australia. The Action strongly supports the sustainable development of
Agenda has been accepted by all States and our national aquaculture industry.
Territories through the Primary Industries Standing
Committee and the Ministerial Council Standing More information on the National Aquaculture
Action Agenda can be found at:
Committee. Victoria's programs that align with the
Action Agenda will be relayed through the http://www.australian-aquacultureportal.com
Aquaculture Committee of the Australian Fisheries
Management Forum and through industry peak
body affiliated with the National Aquaculture
Council.

13
6 Siting and Servicing Implications for
Aquaculture
This section provides an outline of the different siting and servicing considerations for aquaculture proposals,
including an outline of the principal “critical values” that should be protected.
This list is not necessarily complete, but aims to
6.1 Introduction. serve as a guide for any prospective aquaculture
Local government increasingly recognises investor. It is important to access all the available
aquaculture as an emerging industry capable of relevant information and seek expert advice for all
supporting regional growth, employment and the key issues.
generating economic wealth. Some local
governments have identified the development and When developing a proposed aquaculture venture
expansion of aquaculture as a priority. it is important to consider site requirements. The
site must suit both the species and system
The capacity of local government to attract new requirements. Access to amenities and local
aquaculture investment is substantial and includes infrastructure are also important considerations,
changes to municipal planning schemes that favour including:
aquaculture, the establishment of infrastructure that
supports aquaculture, and promotion campaigns to Transport infrastructure for delivery of
attract industry. consumables to the farm (including system
components and feed) and delivery of product
to market. Transport infrastructure is generally
6.2 Investor issues roads, but may also include railways and
Australian aquaculture is a relatively new and airports;
diverse primary sector industry.
The proximity of the proposed site to markets
Before investing, the proponent should understand and suppliers;
the regulatory, commercial and technical elements
of the business. Commercial success in aquaculture A reliable source of energy, mainly mains
will require a long-term outlook and a host of power, to the site;
business related skills. Availability of reliable communication services
Key attributes of a successful aquaculture business including telephone, facsimile, email and/or
include: internet; and
Fish farming experience (husbandry); Availability of suitably qualified and

experienced employees.
Thorough market knowledge;
The following table summarises the resources and
Understanding of species site selection services required for the different systems of
requirements; aquaculture in Victoria.
Appropriate system design; and
Business management experience.

14
Table 2. Resources and Services Required by Aquaculture System
Farming Access to Road access Power Town Access to Specialised

system water / 5services goods & equipment &
shoreline services6 goods7
Marine Essential Essential Essential Useful Important Important /

Onshore Essential
Land based Essential Essential Important Useful Useful Essential

flow thru
Land based Essential Essential Important Not required Important Useful

static
Closed Essential Essential Essential Essential Essential Essential

systems (RAS)
6.3 Protecting Critical Values Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Values

In establishing land based aquaculture in Victoria, Land based aquaculture facilities and associated
there are a number of fundamental ‘critical values’ infrastructure have the potential to impact on
that need to be recognised and protected. They are: Aboriginal heritage values. These values may occur
across a range of locations in Victoria and are
Environmental Values
Land based aquaculture facilities, and indeed any protected from disturbance under the
development in Victoria, should not lead to Commonwealth Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
Heritage Protection Act (1984) and the State
unacceptable impacts on critical environmental or
cultural values. Critical values are those protected Archeological and Aboriginal Relics Preservation Act
under Commonwealth or Victorian legislation. (1972). It is important that any impacts and the
views of relevant Aboriginal groups are considered
The Commonwealth Environment Protection and in the early planning stages of any project.
Biodiversity Conservation Act (1999) provides for the
protection of matters of National Environmental Where land based aquaculture proposals are on
Crown Land, the provisions of the
Significance, including nationally threatened species
and Ramsar wetlands. Commonwealth’s Native Title Act (1993) will apply.
In Victoria, the Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act (1988) Within the existing Victorian planning system, the
Heritage Overlay may be applied to protect
provides protection for threatened species and
ecosystems and for the protection of native flora. identified areas of aboriginal (or other) heritage
The Fisheries Act 1995 and Wildlife Act 1975 value.
provide for the protection of other native species Landscape Values
and ecosystems. The landscape value of a site or location is highly
Within the existing Victorian planning system, there subjective.
are various overlays which will reflect the particular Whilst National Parks are established primarily for
environmental significance of an area, including the the conservation and protection of environmental
Environmental Significance, Land Subject to values, they also protect some of Victoria’s most
Inundation, Vegetation Protection and Significant significant landscapes, including many along the
Landscape Overlay controls. coast.
5 Water mains, sewer, gas, telephone.
6 Building material suppliers, builders, mechanics, medical.
7 Specialised aquaculture equipment, chemicals, feed.

15
Other landscapes may also be valued by the Amenity Values
community for their scenic and recreational value. There are community expectations that land based
Within the existing Victorian planning system, the aquaculture facilities, and indeed any development
Significant Landscape Overlay is typically applied in Victoria, should not lead to unacceptable impacts
to identify landscapes considered to be of critical on the amenity of nearby or neighbouring
value. properties. Typical amenity impacts would include
visual amenity, noise, odour etc (see Section 4.11 for
In addition to this existing planning tool, these
further discussion).
Guidelines outline impact mitigation measures to
help minimise the visual impact of land based Within the existing Victorian planning system there
aquaculture facilities on a landscape through are numerous references to the need to ensure
sensitive design. These are detailed in Section 4. proposals do not have unreasonable amenity
impacts. In some instances the assessment will
involve a subjective “case-by-case” assessment of
the details of the proposal, the context of the site,
the zoning of the land etc. Other matters such as
noise and odour can be empirically tested using
EPA standards and guidelines.

16
7 Likely Locations for Land Based
Aquaculture Facilities
This section provides an outline of the most likely locations for the establishment of land based aquaculture
facilities based on existing experience and anticipated future demand.
7.1 Rural Areas 7.2 Industrial Areas

Rural areas are likely to be the most appropriate RAS are likely to be most appropriate in Industrial
locations for the establishment of land-extensive areas given their enclosed nature and the size and
outdoor aquaculture facilities such as Static and visual impact of the associated buildings.
Flow-through systems.
Other ‘Advantages’ include:
RAS may also be appropriate in Rural areas, despite
their “enclosed” nature. In practice most RAS
Greater likelihood of access to services including
reticulated sewerage, electricity, gas etc.
structures resemble sheds or other structures
commonly found in rural areas. Greater likelihood of access to transport
infrastructure (road, rail and air) and associated
The main ‘Advantages’ of locating an land based
market access.
aquaculture system within Rural areas include:
Unlikely to impact on sensitive land uses (such
Consistent with the primary purpose of Rural
as residential land uses).
zones.
Unlikely to impact on, or conflict with, other
Unlikely to have an impact on sensitive land
industrial activities/enterprises.
uses (such as residential land uses).
‘Disadvantages’ associated with the RAS in
Unlikely to impact on, or conflict with, other
Industrial areas are likely to be limited, although
rural or commercial activities/enterprises.
there is the possibility that noxious industries could
Large lot sizes enable opportunities to establish impact upon their operation.
land extensive activities and ‘buffer’ the impacts
Whilst other forms on land based aquaculture could
of the use from neighbouring properties
potentially establish in some Industrial areas, the
(setbacks, landscaping etc).
typically smaller lot sizes may be prohibitive in this
Large lot sizes may enable the disposal of some regard. Also, being ‘open’ systems, there is a
wastes and waste-waters on-site (e.g. irrigation). greater likelihood of other industries potentially
impacting upon such operations (eg – dust, fumes,
Large lot sizes may enable multiple, and vibration etc).
sometimes symbiotic, farming activities to take
place on-site (for example, wastes from the
aquaculture activity could potentially assist with 7.3 Other Areas
the fertilisation of crops etc). Whilst it may be possible to locate land based
aquaculture in other areas (eg – commercial or
Greater likelihood of access to natural water residential), the nature of the use is such that it is
sources, including streams/rivers or suitable unlikely to be consistent with the primary purposes
water catchment areas. of the relevant zones or the predominant land uses
The main ‘Disadvantages’ of locating within Rural in these areas. However, small scale (i.e. home
areas typically relate to reduced service levels such occupation) aquaculture, particularly in the
as reticulated sewerage, electricity and constructed production of ornamental species, may be
roads. Such areas may also be more remote from appropriate in these zones.
transport interchanges, markets and the like.

17
8 Planning Framework for Aquaculture
Proposals
This section introduces the Victorian planning system, outlines how aquaculture currently fits within that
system, and describes the steps and processes involved with the assessment of planning permit applications.
8.1 Aquaculture and the Victorian b) keep, breed, board, or train animals,
including livestock, and birds; or
Planning System – an Introduction
c) propagate, cultivate, rear, or harvest living
It is the Government’s intention to provide a clear
resources of the sea or inland waters.”
decision making framework for planning in Victoria
that balances environmental, economic and social It is important to note that the current VPP
issues definition of aquaculture does not include the
“processing” of product, only the keeping,
The Planning and Environment Act 1987 establishes a breeding, cultivation and/or propagation of such.
planning framework for the establishment of “Processing” is separately defined as “Industry”
planning schemes in Victoria, which comprise under the VPP. Similarly, the VPP definition of
statutory documents made up from a set of aquaculture does not involve any tourist related
standard planning provisions know as the Victorian activity, which would also be separately defined
Planning Provisions (VPP). under the VPP (i.e. Leisure and Recreation).
The ‘responsible authority’ (or decision making
authority) for the assessment of planning permit 8.3 What References to
applications under the Victorian Planning Aquaculture Currently Exist in the
Provisions (VPP) will be the relevant local Council
or, upon appeal (if applicable), the Victorian Civil VPP Planning Policy
and Administrative Appeals Tribunal (VCAT). State Planning Policy Framework (SPPF)
There are a number of mainly non-specific
In most cases, a planning permit will be required to references to aquaculture under the existing
use and develop land for the purpose of land based Victorian Planning Provisions (VPP). These may be
aquaculture in Victoria although it is an as-of-right found under the following subheadings:
use in the Farming Zone and Rural Activity Zone (a
permit may be required for buildings and works Clause 11 – Introduction: This clause
depending on its location within these zones). It is contains no direct references to ‘Aquaculture’.
important to check with the relevant Council the However, Clause 11.03-5 “Economic well being” is
zoning of the land and whether a permit is required indirectly relevant to aquaculture and makes
to use and / or develop the land for Aquaculture. broad statements relating to the role of planning
and its contribution to the economic well-being
8.2 Aquaculture Definition of communities and of the State as a whole.
Under the current Victorian Planning Provisions Clause 15 – Environment: This clause
(VPP), “Aquaculture” is defined as: specifies 8 different Ministers or government
departments and some 36 different Acts,
“Land used to keep or breed aquatic animals, or legislation, guidelines or the like that should be
cultivate or propagate aquatic Plants.” consulted/considered with planning applications
that may have environmental impacts. There are
This definition is incorporated within the broader no direct references to ‘aquaculture’; however,
definition of “Agriculture”, which is separately
there are specific clauses and detailed provisions
defined as: relating to the environment that may need to be
“Land used to: considered in the assessment of some
aquaculture systems. These include “Protection
a) propagate, cultivate or harvest plants, of catchments, waterways and groundwater”,
including cereals, flowers, fruit, seeds, trees, turf,
and vegetables;

18
Figure 10. Agriculture Nesting Diagram from the Victorian Planning Provisions
“Floodplain management”, “Salinity”, “Air drainage”. These clauses are relevant in so far as
quality”, “Noise abatement”, “Coastal areas”, an assessment needs to be made regarding the
“Conservation of native flora & fauna” and availability or appropriateness of existing
“Heritage”. infrastructure. Some systems also involve the re-
use of water or the treatment of wastewaters.
Clause 17 – Economic Development: The
relevant provision under this clause relates to Local Planning Policy Framework (LPPF)
“Agriculture” which emphasises the importance The Local Planning Policy Framework provides
of agricultural activities and the need to balance opportunities for Council’s to develop local policy
the benefits of such activities against other provisions relevant to areas, land uses or the like. It
environmental and amenity considerations. is appropriate to contact your local Council to
determine whether there are any LPPF provisions
Clause 18 - Infrastructure: Relevant
that either directly or indirectly relate to
provisions under this sub-heading include “Car
aquaculture or the site in question.
parking and public transport access to
development” and “Water supply, sewerage and

19
8.4 When is a Planning Permit the Rural Activity Zone (RAZ). It is currently not a
Section 3 (‘prohibited’) use in any zone.
required for a land based
In most cases a permit will also be required for any
Aquaculture Proposal buildings or works associated with this use. The
Under the existing VPP, the use ‘Aquaculture’ is a following table outlines permissibility under rural
Section 2 (or ‘permit required’) use in most zones zones.
with the exception of the Farming Zone (FZ) and
Table 3. New Rural Zones – Impact on Aquaculture use and Development
Use Buildings & Works
Farming Zone (FZ) Permit not required Permit required for:
Replaces the Rural Zone. The - Specified Earthworks which change the rate of
main zone for agricultural areas. flow or the discharge point of water across a property
boundary (if on land specified in a schedule).
- Specified Earthworks which increase the

discharge of saline groundwater (if on land specified in
a schedule).
- Buildings which are within certain specified

setbacks (minimum setbacks from roads, dwellings not
in the same ownership and water bodies or designated
flood plains)
Rural Activity Zone (RAZ) Permit not required As above
A new zone providing flexibility

for agriculture and other land
uses to co-exist.
Rural Living Zone (RLZ) Permit required Permit Required (as Aquaculture is a Section 2 use).
Upgrades the existing zone. The

main zone for rural residential
areas.
Rural Conservation Zone (RCZ) Permit required Permit generally required (as Aquaculture is a Section 2
use), however permits may not be required if the
Replaces the Environmental
buildings and works involve
Rural Zone. The main zone for
areas with significant “alteration or extension to an existing building used for
environmental considerations agriculture with a floor area of no more than the area
(also applies in green wedge specified in the schedule to this zone or, if no area is
areas). specified, 50 square metres. The building must not be used
to keep, board, breed or train animals.”
Green Wedge Zone (GWAZ) Permit required. Permit Required (as Aquaculture is a Section 2 use).

20
Permits may also be required for associated matters 8.5 The Planning Permit
such as:
Application Process
The removal of native vegetation. As stated above, a planning permit may be required
Access to certain roads. to use and develop land for an aquaculture facility.
Car parking dispensation. The local council can advise which planning scheme
provisions apply to the land.
Signage.
Planning schemes, zoning and overlay information
It is important that confirmation of the need for can also be obtained at
town planning approval is sought from the relevant www.dse.vic.gov.au/planning
local Council for all sites because other planning
scheme provisions (such as overlay controls) may The planning permit procedure is provided for in
also generate the need for a permit, and planning the Planning and Environment Act (1987). Detailed
scheme provisions may be amended over time. information about this procedure can be found in
Chapter 3 of Using Victoria’s Planning System
(Department of Infrastructure, 2001).
Visit www.dse.vic.gov.au/planning and access the
‘Planning Publications’ link.

21
9 Preparing an Application for an Land
Based Aquaculture Facility
This section outlines the recommended steps that should be undertaken, and the information that should be
submitted, in preparing a town planning permit application for aquaculture.
9.1 Pre-application Steps 9.2 Application Requirements

This table outlines the typical steps for preparing an Planning applications need to include sufficient
application for an land based aquaculture facility. information and explanation to allow responsible
Many of these steps are not mandatory and the authorities to come to sound and timely decisions.
extent to which they are taken will depend on the
complexity and scale of the proposal in question.
Figure 11. Pre-Application Flow Chart
Requirement Details When required

1. Pre-application Talk to the Responsible Authority to find out: Pre-application
discussions the relevant State and local planning policies, guidelines discussions with Council
and other planning scheme requirements that apply to the are not mandatory but
proposal; can often assist
proponents in expediting
if there are any referral authorities or other agencies that the application process.
may have an interest in the proposal (if the application will
be referred to other agencies, it is important at this point to
talk to them about what their requirements might be);
who may be affected by the proposal; and
information required to accompany the application.
Talk to surrounding land owners about the proposal and issues of
importance to them.
2. Seek expert advice Some applications may need to be accompanied by an assessment It is always advisable to
of the ecological, visual, noise and other environmental and seek this advice sooner
amenity impacts of the proposal prepared by suitably qualified rather than later.
persons.
Expert advice on these matters may need to be sought early to
inform the site selection process and the preparation of the site
analysis and design response.
3. Prepare the site This is a ‘site audit’. It may be a plan, photographs or some other This is a standard
analysis suitable way of describing the land and the matters that influence requirement for most
the proposal. planning permit
The information requirements for a site analysis for a land based applications.
aquaculture facility are set out in the following section of these
Guidelines. If the site will also be used for other purposes, such as
grazing, the site analysis should include information about this.
4. Prepare the Use the information collected at Steps 1 to 3 above as the basis for In many cases a planning
application finalising the details of the proposal and preparing the permit will be required to
application. The information required to accompany the use or develop land for
application is set out in the following section of these Guidelines. the purposes of a land
based aquaculture facility.
Under Section 60 of the Planning and Environment a recent certificate of title (no older than 30
Act 1987, any application for the use and/or days);
development of land must be accompanied by:
three (3) copies of the development plans.
the prescribed fee for the application (which is
The above are the mandatory requirements for the
dictated by the kind of application and can be
processing of a planning application. There is also
ascertained by contacting the local council);

22
certain accompanying information which may Once again it should be noted that the following
need to be provided with an application for a land table is not simply a ‘checklist’ for Council planners
based aquaculture facility. The following provides and that the level of information provided by (or
assistance to applicants regarding matters that may required from) proponents will vary depending on
need to be addressed. the complexity and scale of the proposal.
Figure 12. Application Requirements
Requirement Details When required (as appropriate)

A site analysis The site analysis may use a site plan, photographs or A site analysis is generally required as
other techniques to accurately describe: part of any planning permit application
In relation to the site: process.
site shape, dimensions and size; The extent to which the site analysis
should address the details listed to the left
orientation and contours; really depends on the size of the site and
access to infrastructure; its potential impact on the surrounding
area.
the existing use and siting of buildings or
works on the land; It should be noted that overlays contained
within the relevant planning scheme will
existing vegetation; normally pick up on the particular
the landscape of the site; sensitivities of land (i.e. vegetation,
species of flora and fauna listed under the Flora heritage, landscape, etc).
and Fauna Guarantee Act (1988)(FFG Act) and
Environment Protection and Biodiversity
Conservation Act (1999) (EPBC Act);
sites of cultural heritage significance; and
any other notable features or characteristics of
the site.
In relation to the surrounding area:
existing land uses;
direction and distances to nearby dwellings,
townships, urban areas, significant
conservation and recreation areas, major roads,
tourist routes, etc;
the siting and use of buildings on adjacent
properties;
the landscape, including any significant
landscape features;
views to and from the site, including views
from existing dwellings, major roads, walking
tracks and tourist routes;
sites of flora and fauna listed under the FFG
and EPBC Acts, including significant habitat
corridors for the movement of these fauna;
sites of cultural heritage significance; and
any other notable features or characteristics of
the area.
Three (3) copies of The location of the site relative to: A location plan is generally required in
a location plan neighbouring properties. most planning permit applications.
showing The level of detail provided with relation
site services.
to neighbouring properties, etc, depends
access roads. on the size of the subject site, buffer
distances between sites and the sensitivity
of surrounding land uses.

23
Three (3) copies of Detailed plans of the proposed development Development plans are required in any
a plan of the showing: application for the development of land.
development the layout of the land based aquaculture facility
showing: and associated buildings and works, including
setbacks from site boundaries, plan and
elevation details, building height, materials etc;
the extent of proposed excavation and
vegetation removal;
proposed connections to reticulated sewerage,
drainage and water (as appropriate);
the location of access roads and car parking.
Photomontages or other visual simulations showing
the appearance of the development in the context of
the surrounding area and from key view points (as
appropriate).
A rehabilitation plan for the site, including plans for
re-vegetation and regeneration works (where
applicable).
A written report A description of the proposal, including (as A written report or accompanying
addressing: appropriate): documentation is often required in
the number, location and specifications of the applying for a planning permit.
aquaculture facilities to be provided; The level of detail and the kind of
the amount of water to be used / discharged information that needs to be provided will
from the site; depend on the size and type of
aquaculture facility being proposed.
infrastructure requirements;
traffic movements; and
car parking.
A design response that explains how the proposed
design derives from and responds to the site analysis.
How the proposal responds to any significant
landscape features for the area identified in the
planning scheme (as appropriate).
An assessment of the visual impact of the proposal on
the landscape and on the surrounding area.
An assessment of the impact of the proposal on any
fauna or flora listed under the FFG or EPBC Acts (as
appropriate).
An assessment of the noise impact of the proposal on
any existing dwellings or sensitive land uses.
A description of the means of waste water disposal
and / or re-use.
An explanation of why the site is suitable for the land
based aquaculture facility having regard to:
the State Planning Policy Framework and the
Local Planning Policy Framework, including
the Municipal Strategic Statement and any
relevant local planning policy;
likely amenity effects on the surrounding area;
the extent to which the proposal has been
designed to manage any potential adverse
impacts.
The report may include plans, drawings, photographs
and other documents.

24
Approvals from It is important to note that for certain forms of land The necessity for approvals from the
Various other based aquaculture approvals may be required from various authorities will depend on the
Relevant other relevant authorities prior to the establishment of location and type of aquaculture system
Authorities a land based aquaculture facility, including being proposed.
Water Authorities;
Environment Protection Authority (EPA);
Department of Primary Industries (Fisheries
Division);
Land Victoria;
Cartchment Management Authorities;
Department of Sustainability and Environment
(DSE);
Aboriginal Affairs.
It may assist the Council if the proponent has already
approached these authorities and is able to submit
copies of the approvals as part of their planning
application, however this is not a mandatory
requirement.
Environmental The preparation of an Environmental Management It is understood that this can be quite an
Management Plan Plan may be required. An Environmental onerous process for small operators.
(EMP) Management Plan details how the site will be Council’s should take into consideration
managed through construction and sets out future the size of the operation and the
operational and maintenance requirements including likelihood / potential for environmental
(as appropriate): impacts in determining whether or not an
principles of environmental management; EMP is required.
environmental mitigation measures;
standards to be met;
monitoring requirements;
decommissioning and rehabilitation
requirements; and
post construction adaptive management
measures where monitoring shows significant
impacts of FFG and EPBC Act listed species.

25
10 Assessing Land Based Aquaculture
Facility Proposals
This section outlines matters that are normally relevant to the assessment of aquaculture proposals. They are
intended to assist proponents and Council Officers.
10.1 Introduction 10.2 Strategic Considerations -

Proper and orderly town planning should seek to Government Policy Objectives
facilitate the appropriate provision of land based Overview
aquaculture facilities in a manner that balances their As outlined previously, there is strong State
environmental, social and economic benefits with government support for the development of
any demonstrated visual, environmental and aquaculture industries in the State of Victoria. It is
amenity impacts. recognised as an important and expanding industry
Proposals for land based aquaculture will be that has the potential to significantly contribute
assessed against the following sections in the towards the local, State and national economies, as
relevant planning scheme: well as the associated direct and indirect
employment opportunities.
State Planning Policy (SPPF).
For similar reasons the development of the
The Council’s Municipal Strategic Statement and aquaculture industry in Victoria is consistent with
Local Planning Policies (LPPF). the broad thrust of the State Planning Policy
The relevant zone and overlay controls. Framework, particularly insofar as it relates to
‘Agriculture’ (of which aquaculture is sub-category)
The ‘particular’ and ‘general’ provisions. and the importance of this industry to economic
The appropriateness of the various land based development.
aquaculture facilities in any given location will Local Council’s may also have local planning
depend on matter such as: policies that directly or indirectly relate to
The zoning of the land (and its associated aquaculture, which would supplement the State
‘purposes’ and ‘decision guidelines’); policy objectives in this regard.
The nature of the site and its surrounds; Evaluation

In assessing permit applications for aquaculture
The characteristics of the system being considerable weight should be given to the fact that
employed; the successful and sustainable development of this
The siting and servicing requirements of that industry is encouraged by Government policy and
system, and will directly and indirectly contribute to the
economic well-being of communities and the State
The potential impacts (if any) of the system. as a whole.
As already stated, typically the preferred location
for most ‘open’ systems will be in rural areas where 10.3 Other Site Specific
the use is likely to be entirely consistent with the Considerations / Potential Impacts
purpose of the relevant zone. There may also be
The broad policy benefits outlined above need to be
opportunities to locate ‘closed’ systems (RAS)
balanced against other environmental and amenity
within industrial areas. However, other
considerations.
opportunities may also exist and a ‘site-by-site’
analysis will be required to determine whether this When properly planned and developed,
is the case. aquaculture facilities are generally considered to be
“low impact” facilities which do not have
The following is an explanation of matters that
significant environmental or amenity impacts.
should normally be considered by responsible
authorities in assessing permit applications for land
based aquaculture facilities.

26
Nevertheless, relevant matters that need to be additional earthworks associated with access
considered include: ways, waste disposal fields, car parking or the
like.
Visual impact.
Evaluation
Noise.
There are various references in the VPP which seek
Odour / Air quality to ensure the reasonable protection of visual
amenity. Some landscapes may also have
Waste disposal. recognised heritage significance.
Water quality.
Land based aquaculture facilities will usually have
Water access. some degree of impact on the landscape. The
degree to which an land based aquaculture facility
Vegetation removal. has a visual impact depends on the magnitude of
Excavation. the change to the landscape taking into account:
Light spill. The visibility of the development;
Traffic, access and parking. The locations and distances from which the
development can be viewed;
Predator control.
The significance of the landscape as described in
Cultural impacts. any relevant Significant Landscape Overlay or
Economic impacts. other legislation (including heritage); and
Biological impacts. The sensitivity of the landscape to change.
Consideration of these matters should be weighted The features of the landscape that should be
having regard to the Government’s Policy in considered include:
support of aquaculture development and to the The topography of the land;
following table, where lower potential impacts
should be given less weight and higher potential The amount and type of vegetation;
impacts should be more weight . The type, pattern, built form, scale and character
The following provides a more thorough of development including roads and access
assessment of each of the above matters. As stated ways;
previously, the VPP definition of aquaculture does Natural features such as waterways, cliffs,
not involve the “processing” of product nor any escarpments, hills, gullies and valleys;
tourist related activity. As such, these Guidelines
only address issues associated with aquaculture The skyline.
proper, and any additional activities would warrant In deciding whether or not the visual impact of a
their own detailed assessment. land based aquaculture facility in the landscape is
Visual Amenity acceptable, it is appropriate to consider planning
Discussion scheme objectives for the landscape, including
Aquaculture activities often involve the erection of whether the land is subjected to an Environmental
buildings and/or the construction of earthworks – Significance Overlay, Vegetation Protection Overlay
all of which may potentially impact on the visual or a Significant Landscape Overlay in the relevant
amenity of an area. In this regard: planning scheme.
Buildings are generally restricted to sheds or Consideration should also be given to whether the
other similar structures to enclose aquaculture proposed facility will be compatible with the visual
activities (such as for RAS), plant or materials. character of the area. For example:
Sometimes there is a need for additional
Dams or similar water holding structures are
associated structures such as fencing, netting (or commonly found in rural areas.
other predator controls measures), pump
stations, piping, buoys, cages or the like. Large sheds are not an uncommon feature in
rural landscapes.
Works typically comprise the construction of
earthen artificial impoundments such as ponds Large sheds or similar structures are also
and dams. Sometimes there is a need for prevalent in industrial areas.

27
Table 4. Potential Impacts by System
Visual Noise Air Water Water Soil Light Traffic & Ecology Heritage Community Economic
quality Quality Access Spill Transport
Land Based Static Mod Low8 Low Low Low Mod Low Low Low Low Low Low
Systems
Recirculating Mod Low Low9 Low10 Low Low Low Low Low Low Low Low
Aquaculture
Systems (RAS)
Marine onshore Mod Low Low Mod Mod Mod Low Low Low Low Low Low
Systems
Land Based Flow Mod Low Low Mod High Mod Low Low Low Low Low Low
Through Systems
High = Higher Potential Impact / Effect
Mod = Moderate Potential Impact / Effect
Low = Lower Potential Impact / Effect
8
Impact could be moderated under some circumstances if aeration pumps are used.
9
ibid.
10
Lower potential impact / effect is conditional on connection to reticulated sewerage, otherwise moderate potential impact / effect from possible odours as a result of sludge drying and /
or land disposal of effluent

28
Impact Reduction Considerations With regard to the last matter, it is noted scare guns
The following measures may be considered (as or like measures are rarely if ever used in
appropriate): association with land based aquaculture, with
physical barriers (buildings, nets etc) generally
Siting and designing to minimise impacts on
being preferred.
views;
Impact Reduction Considerations
Using techniques such as colour, painting, etc to The following measures may be considered (as
reduce the visual impact of building and works;
appropriate):
Minimising earthworks;
Ensuring suitable separation distances between
Minimising removal of vegetation and/or the facility and other noise sensitive receptors.
requiring the planting of suitable screen
Requiring noise attenuation measures proximate
landscaping; and
to the noise source.
Requiring that the storage of all materials, Limiting days and hours of operation for
wastes etc be in appropriately screened and
specified activities.
designated areas or buildings.
Requiring compliance with relevant EPA
Noise
guidelines or regulations.
Discussion
Land based aquaculture facilities typically create Prohibiting or restricting predator control
very little noise. Potential noise sources are measures which rely upon noise as a deterrent.
generally restricted to:
In certain circumstances (e.g. where the proposed
Mechanical noise produced by pumps and air facility immediately abuts a highly sensitive
filtration mechanisms associated with the use; interface) it may be necessary to require an acoustic
report prepared by a suitably qualified Acoustic
Some forms of predator control measures;
engineer which would provide detail with respect
Normal operational noise associated with the to noise attenuation requirements.
construction and on-going conduct of the
Odour
facility.
Discussion
Evaluation Land based aquaculture facilities typically create
There are various references in the VPP which seek very little odour as live fish in water don’t smell.
to ensure amenity is not unduly impacted upon by Potential odour sources are minimal and therefore
noise emissions. normally restricted to:
In determining noise impacts, consideration should Waste disposal (e.g. concentrated sludge from
be given to: RAS).
The possible need for an acoustic report. Product harvest and transport.
The nature of the area (eg – rural, industrial etc) Storage of feeds or other chemicals.
and the reasonable amenity expectations of
In relation to these matters it is noted:
persons living/recreating/working proximate to
the site. Odour associated with waste water is only an
issue if the site does not have access to
The distance between the proposed facility and
reticulated sewerage. When access is not
any nearby noise sensitive receptor (such as a
available, waste water is typically treated on-site
house etc).
and either applied back to the land or released
The impact that climatic conditions or back into the natural water system after
topography may have on noise impacts. treatment.
Background noise levels and the existing noise Waste disposal generally relates to the disposal
impacts of other activities typically found in the of any waste products generated by the use and
area. the storage and disposal of any materials or the
like associated with the enterprise. In some
Whether any predator control measures will be cases wastes generated by the use are applied
used that could generate noise nuisance.
back to the land as fertilizer.

29
Stock harvested for human consumption can operation is conducted in a clean and efficient
leave the farm as processed product or as whole manner.
fish (chilled on ice). Freshly killed whole fish on
Waste disposal associated with aquaculture
ice will create no odour. Fish processed on site
typically relates to:
can cause some odours if not properly disposed
of (e.g. blood products). The disposal of mortalities/dead stock.
Feeds or other chemicals used in aquaculture are The disposal of waste-water (dealt with
typically sealed in bins or other sealed containers separately below).
and stored in dry bunded areas.
The disposal of hard wastes associated with
Evaluation waste water disposal.
There are various references in the VPP which seek
to ensure amenity is not unduly compromised by
The disposal of other waste products associated
odour emissions. with the feeding of stock, the treatment of water
or the servicing of plant and machinery.
In determining odour impacts, consideration should
be given to:
The nature of the area (eg – rural, industrial etc) In most circumstances aquaculture waste is a
and the reasonable amenity expectations of valued resource for agricultural purposes (i.e. in
some cases aquaculture is integrated with
persons living/recreating/working proximate to
the site in this regard. hydroponics).
The availability of reticulated sewerage to the Other wastes associated with aquaculture are
similar to those associated with other rural or
site.
like industries. They are typically stored in a
The distance between the proposed facility and designated area and then removed from the site.
any nearby odour sensitive receptor (such as a
Possible impacts associated with waste disposal
house etc).
include:
The impact that climatic conditions or
topography may have on odour dispersion. Visual intrusion (as addressed above).
Whether other activities typically found in the Odour (as addressed above).
area also generate odour (eg – fertilizers Vermin/disease.
associated with farming activities, emissions
associated with industrial activities etc). Impact on water quality (addressed below).
Impact Reduction Considerations Evaluation
The following measures may be considered (as The disposal of wastes needs to be dealt with in a
appropriate): comprehensive manner to ensure no loss of amenity
as a consequence of this.
the facility and other odour sensitive receptors. In determining impacts in this regard, consideration
should be given to:
Requiring connection to reticulated sewerage
(where available). The matters outlined under “Visual Amenity”
with regard to the visual impact of waste storage
Requiring compliance with existing EPA and disposal areas.
guidelines or regulations in relation to the
storage and/or dispersal of any wastes or waste The distance between the proposed facility and
waters. any nearby sensitive receptor (such as a house
etc).
Requiring the provision of suitable areas for the
storage and disposal of feeds, chemicals, wastes The need for contingencies in the event of mass
or the like. mortalities.
Waste disposal The need for professional reports demonstrating

Discussion how processing wastes will be disposed of
Land based aquaculture facilities typically have few without detriment to the environment or
problems with regard to waste disposal as it is in amenity of the area, and how this will be
the operator’s commercial interests to ensure the managed on an on-going basis.

30
Impact Reduction Considerations In many cases nutrients stored and used on site
The following measures may be considered (as (eg. for agriculture or concentration and sale) are
appropriate): unlikely to constitute a risk to the environment.
Pond discharge water is particularly suited for
use on irrigated crops without treatment.
the facility and other amenity sensitive receptors.
Chemicals are generally stored in specifically
Requiring compliance with relevant EPA or bunded areas that have floor levels above that of
other guidelines or regulations in relation to
anticipated return interval flood events.
waste disposal.
Sedimentation of water courses can occur as a
Requiring the provision of suitable areas for the consequence of construction activities and
storage and disposal of wastes that mitigate
exposed surfaces. Such measures need to be
against vermin or visual obtrusiveness.
strictly controlled during construction and
Requiring the same measures as outlined below thereafter to ensure no adverse water quality
under “water quality” to ensure no adverse impacts.
environmental or amenity impacts in this regard.
Evaluation
In some cases a Waste Management Plan, prepared There are various references in the VPP which seek
by suitably qualified persons, and which to ensure water quality is not compromised by
demonstrates how the disposal of all wastes will be development).
conducted in a manner that ensures no undue
In determining water quality impacts, consideration
impact on the environmental qualities or amenity of
should be given to:
the area (and compliance with relevant government
regulations), may be required. The availability of reticulated sewerage and/or
drainage to the site.
Water quality.
Discussion The proximity of the site to water courses.
Water quality issues associated with aquaculture
typically relate to the possible contamination or
The proposed method(s) of waste water
disposal.
pollution of above or below ground water
courses/tables. This could be caused by: The proposed methods of storing feed, chemicals
or the like.
Nutrient rich and/or oxygen depleted waters
entering water courses. The proposed methods of controlling sediment
laden runoff during initial construction and
Temporary sediment laden runoff/stormwater
thereafter.
associated with construction.
The possible need for a professional report
Chemical spillage.
demonstrating how water quality will not be
In relation to these matters it is noted: compromised by the proposed development
(particularly if it is not proposed to dispose of
It is in the operators interests to ensure all water
waste waters via a reticulated sewerage system).
holding structures are impervious and therefore
seepage into water tables is rarely a problem Impact Reduction Considerations
where appropriately sited. The following measures may be considered (as
appropriate):
Nutrient loading is primarily an issue if the site
is not connected to reticulated sewerage and Requiring connection to reticulated sewerage
waste-waters need to be disposed of off-site to and/or drainage (where available).
surface waters. Facilities where discharge to the
Requiring compliance with relevant EPA or
environment exceeds 0.2ML/day are addressed
other guidelines or regulations in relation to
by EPA regulations, including water quality
waste water disposal, chemical storage and
monitoring associated with EPA discharge
sediment control.
licenses.
In addition to, or as part of, a Waste Management
On-site disposal of organic aquaculture wastes
Plan (referred to above), it may be necessary to
for the purpose of irrigating crops may reduce
require a report from suitably qualified persons
the need for inorganic fertilisers and increase
demonstrating how the proposal will not
farm viability.
compromise water quality or the environment from

31
waste water, chemicals or other potential pollutants Evaluation
and sediment. There are various references in the VPP which seek
to minimise native vegetation removal (for example,
Water access.
as well as the Vegetation Protection Overlay if
Discussion
applied by the local Council).
Water access is crucial to the success of an
aquaculture operation. Aquaculture is really In determining the impact of the proposal in this
farming in water. It is an alternate use of water and regard, consideration should be given to:
in some cases it will be integrated with the
The amount and type of vegetation proposed to
production of terrestrial crops such as cereal grains,
be removed.
livestock and horticultural produce.
The ecological/environmental significance of the
Some aquaculture operations require more water
vegetation to be removed.
than others, and some operators will be more
efficient with their water use, just like some Whether alternative siting options for buildings
orchardists growing the same crop are more and/or works exist to reduce the amount of
efficient with their water usage. Seasonal vegetation proposed to be removed.
conditions will also have a bearing on water usage,
just as they do in terrestrial farming. Whether any replating is proposed, and the
appropriateness of requiring “net gains” in this
Water for aquaculture is procured in the same way regard.
it is procured for a vineyard or a dairy farm. It is
harvested from natural run-off, drawn from a bore The need for ecological, landscape and/or
arborist reports prepared by suitably qualified
or purchased from the local water authority.
persons.
The local water authorities strictly govern water
usage and diversion. A license is required in order The views of the Department of Sustainability
and Environment, as the responsible authority
to access external or subterranean water resources.
for the administration of the Flora and Fauna
Evaluation Guarantee Act 1988.
Whilst this is a relevant consideration in the
assessment of planning applications, it is a matter
that is addressed by another government authority. The following measures may be considered (as
appropriate):
The amount and quality of water required to
Siting to minimize vegetation removal;
operate the particular aquaculture venture is a Requiring the replacement of any vegetation to
management decision, and is a matter for the be removed in order to achieve “net gain”.
applicant to decide. As suggested above, the local
water authority will deal with this matter. Proof Measures to ensure the on-going protection of
that the applicant has access to water may be an vegetation to be retained.
appropriate approval condition. Requiring professionally prepared landscape
Vegetation removal. plans.
Discussion In some cases, where there is significant vegetation,
The development of land for aquaculture may it may be necessary for the applicant to provide a
require the removal of native or other vegetation. Vegetation Management Plan prepared by suitably
The clearing and direct or indirect disturbance of qualified persons that demonstrates how existing
vegetation may potentially impact upon aquatic, and proposed vegetation will be protected during
terrestrial or other valued vegetation. construction and thereafter.
Such removal or disturbance may also: Excavation.
Have detrimental visual/landscape impacts. Discussion
Aquaculture activities normally involve a degree of
Have adverse ecological and/or habitat impacts. excavation and land disturbance, particularly
Lead to soil instability and erosion (and the external systems.
associated water quality impacts). Excavation associated with aquaculture typically
relates to:
The erection of buildings.

32
The construction of earthen water holding Evaluation
structures (dams, ponds etc). There are many references in the VPP to protecting
amenity, which would include possible light spill
The construction of associated facilities such as impacts.
accessways, parking areas etc.
In determining possible impacts, consideration
Potential impacts in this regard include:
should be given to requiring external lights to be
Erosion and/or landslip. suitably baffled so as to not:
Vegetation removal/disturbance. Disrupt the efficiency of adjoining roads.
Sedimentation. Impact upon the amenity of neighbouring
properties.
Dust.
Have environmental impacts.
Evaluation
There are various references in the VPP which seek Impact Reduction Considerations
to minimise soil disturbance (for example, through The following measures may be considered (as
the Significant Landscape Overlay if applied by the appropriate):
local Council).
In determining impacts caused by excavation, the facility and other light sensitive receptors.
consideration should be given to:
Limiting the type of lighting allowed .
The extent of soil disturbance or excavation
Ensuring suitable baffles are applied to ensure
proposed.
no direct light spill onto neighbouring properties
Whether alternative siting options for buildings or nearby roadways.
and/or works exist to reduce the extent of
Traffic, access and parking.
excavation proposed (eg – locating on flatter
Discussion
land).
Traffic, access and parking issues associated with
Whether measures are proposed to prevent aquaculture typically relate to:
erosion or landslip if the land is prone to this.
The effect of additional traffic on the capacity
Whether measures are proposed to prevent and efficiency of the surrounding road network.
sedimentation and dust impacts during
Whether the proposed point of access to the site
construction and thereafter.
will facilitate safe and efficient vehicle access and
The need for engineering or technical reports to egress.
address the above matters.
Whether adequate provision will be made for
Impact Reduction Considerations the on-site parking of vehicles.
The following measures may be considered (as
In relation to these matters it is noted aquaculture
appropriate):
activities are not typically high traffic or parking
Ensuring suitable separation distances between generators.
the facility and other sensitive receptors.
Evaluation
Siting to minimize excavation; There are various references in the VPP which seek
to ensure traffic, parking and traffic issues are dealt
Requiring erosion prevention and control with in a comprehensive and responsible manner
measures in accordance with EPA construction
techniques for sediment pollution control during In determining potential impacts in this regard,
the clearing and construction phases, as well as consideration should be given to:
on an on-going basis through the management
The nature of the surrounding road network,
plan for the project.
including its surface, and the level of traffic that
Light spill. it already carries or could be expected to carry.
Discussion
The anticipated traffic volumes associated with
Light spill associated with aquaculture is rarely a
the proposed activity including numbers of
problem as only security lighting is normally
employees, deliveries, pick-ups, servicing etc.
required.

33
Whether appropriate provision has been made In some cases, where the potential for traffic impact
for the on-site loading and unloading of vehicles. is considerable, it may be necessary for the
applicant to provide a professionally prepared
The proposed days and hours and operation of traffic impact report which assesses traffic, access
operation of the facility and how this will affect
and car parking considerations relative to size and
traffic generation patterns and rates.
nature of the proposed activity.
Whether the proposed point of access has Predator control.
adequate sight distances and will facilitate safe
Discussion
and efficient access and egress.
Predators (typically birds such as cormorants) can
The need for additional road works to facilitate be an issue with some land based aquaculture
safe and efficient access and egress to the site, activities, particularly open systems close to the
including possible right turn or deceleration coast.
lanes.
The control of predators may potentially affect the
Whether the level of on-site parking is adequate amenity of the area. However, as stated previously
based on anticipated employee numbers, usually physical measures (buildings, netting etc) as
anticipated visitor rates etc. opposed to noise deterrents (scare guns etc) are
used.
Whether the parking and driveway areas have
adequate dimensions. Evaluation
There are general references in the VPP addressing
Whether the proposed car parking and access the amenity and ecological impacts of
areas will be visually obtrusive.
developments which are relevant to this matter.
The need to treat car parking and access areas to In determining predator impacts, consideration
ensure continued efficient and convenient use should be given to:
and no adverse environmental impacts (dust,
sediment runoff etc). What measures (if any) are proposed to control
predators.
Whether there is a need for a professionally
prepared traffic report to justify proposed traffic, What the likely amenity or ecological impacts of
access and parking considerations. these measures will be (noise or visual).
The views of VicRoads if the site abuts a main What the local ecological impacts of increased or
road. changed predator conditions will be.
Impact Reduction Considerations The need to place limitations on the type or
The following measures may be considered (as hours of use of some types of predator control
appropriate): measures (noise related).
Requiring that appropriate provision be made Impact Reduction Considerations
for the on-site loading and unloading of vehicles. If scare guns and the like are to be used in an
aquaculture operation then the following measures
Requiring new accessways to be sited and may be considered (as appropriate):
constructed to Council and/or VicRoads
satisfaction, with associated external road works Ensuring suitable separation distances between
where warranted. the facility and other amenity sensitive receptors.
Ensuring suitable separation distances between Placing limits on the type and operation of
parking facilities and other amenity sensitive predator control measures allowed to be used.
receptors.
Cultural impacts.
Requiring car parking and driveway areas to be Discussion
of adequate dimension, suitably treated and Possible cultural impacts associated with
delineated. aquaculture activities may relate to potential
damage or loss of:
Requiring suitable landscaping around car
parking and loading areas to reduce their visual Places of botanical, zoological or other scientific
impact. importance, including national parks and
conservation reserves and the habitats of rare or
Placing limitations on the days and hours of the endangered plants and animals.
operation of the number of employees/visitors
permitted.

34
Places and sites of geological, palaeontological or whether the site comprises a green-fields site
other scientific importance, including rock where further investigation may be required.
formations and fossil sites.
The need for a Cultural Heritage report prepared
Places of Aboriginal cultural heritage by suitably qualified persons.
significance, including historical and
archaeological sites.
The following measures may be considered (as
Sites associated with the European discovery, appropriate):
exploration and settlement of Victoria.
Siting and designing to minimise impacts on
Important buildings, structures, parks, gardens, landscapes and views;
sites, areas, landscapes, towns and other places
Minimising earthworks and the removal of
associated with the historic and cultural
significant vegetation;
development of Victoria.
In some cases (i.e. in areas identified as being of
cultural significance) it may be necessary for the
Some aquaculture activities tend to locate on applicant to provide a Cultural Heritage Report
land that is proximate to water courses and including recommended actions in the event that
bodies, and therefore has a higher potential of items of heritage significance are discovered.
being ecologically sensitive.
Economic impacts.
Aboriginal heritage significance are generally Discussion
restricted to rural “green field” sites, as opposed In addition to the positive economic and
to existing urban areas. As suggested above, employment benefits mentioned above, aquaculture
aquaculture activities often involve earthworks activities may potentially have negative economic
on sites that are proximate to existing or former impacts. Although such impacts are rare, they may
water courses or bodies, and these sites tend to include:
have a comparatively high potential of
containing items or places of Aboriginal heritage
The overburdening local infrastructure.
significance. Compromising the economic use of the land or
neighbouring or nearby land.
As outlined previously under “Visual amenity”,
some landscapes are recognised and protected In relation to these matters it is noted:
for their cultural heritage significance, and
therefore may be more sensitive to change.
The potential overburdening of local
infrastructure (normally roads) is generally only
It is unlikely aquaculture activities will impact an issue if the site is isolated and accessed via
upon Places of post-European settlement unmade local roads.
heritage or cultural significance.
Examples of when aquaculture activities may
Evaluation compromise the use of neighbouring or nearby
There are various references in the VPP which seek land include:
to identify, conserve and protect places of natural,
cultural or heritage value from inappropriate − When the land is industrially zoned and the
development (for example, through the Heritage, proposed industrial use of the neighbouring
site may potentially impact upon the existing
Vegetation Protection and Significant Landscape
Overlay controls if applied by the local Council). sensitive aquaculture activity (thereby
resulting in its refusal).
In determining possible impacts in this regard,
− If the aquaculture activity involves the use of
consideration should be given to:
salt water and spray drift affects the salinity
The significance of the landscape as described in and therefore productivity of a neighbouring
any relevant Significant Landscape, Vegetation property (thereby reducing its agricultural
Protection or Heritage Overlay. activity).
The visibility of the proposed buildings and Evaluation
works. There are various references in the VPP which
recognise the need to ensure economic well-being of
Whether the site is in an existing urban area that
communities and the State, as well as the value of
has already been substantially developed and
agricultural land.
therefore unlikely to have or contain items of
cultural significance (eg – industrial land), or

35
In determining possible impacts in this regard, In determining possible impacts if this is a relevant
consideration should be given to: issue, consideration could be given to:
Whether the site is suitable for aquaculture and Any expert reports which detail how these
the compatibility of this use with adjoining and matters will be addressed.
nearby land uses.
The views of the Department of Primary
Whether the proposal will overburden existing Industries.
infrastructure.
Whether the land is designated for intensive In some cases it may be necessary for the applicant
agricultural purposes and the proposal will to provide a risk based report prepared by suitably
significantly compromise this. qualified persons detailing how potential biological
impacts will be prevented and managed.
Whether the nature of the activities proposed
will prejudice the economic development of Other
neighbouring properties. There may be other impacts that need to be
considered on a site-by-site basis such as:
The following measures may be considered (as Reduced access to public areas.
appropriate):
Possible flood impacts on the land.
Requiring the upgrading of local infrastructure.
Ancillary uses (e.g. tourist activities at trout
Ensuring suitable separation distances between farms, sale of ancillary goods, etc).
aquaculture activities and neighbouring
The above matters are not therefore
properties.
exhaustive, although they do cover the
Limiting the type or location of activities allowed issues most commonly raised with regard
on the site if they will potentially compromise to land based aquaculture proposals.
the economic use of neighbouring properties.
10.3.2 Possible Permit Conditions
Biological impacts. In issuing planning permits, responsible authorities
Discussion may impose permit conditions to (amongst other
There is a potential for aquaculture to have things) limit or control the use and/or development
biological impacts through the: permitted for the site. They may also be used to
Escape or spread of non-indigenous species or impose the requirements of a planning scheme or
weeds. referral authorities.
Escape or spread of pathogens or diseases not Possible permit conditions addressing many of the
already in the environment. above matters are attached as Appendix B.
It is noted this matter is strictly governed by the The permit conditions are not intended to be
Department of Primary Industries and that there are exhaustive; moreover, they should simply be used
requirements for translocation of species identified as a guide to assist planning officers when issuing
in the document ‘Guidelines for assessing translocation planning permits for aquaculture activities.
of live aquatic organisms in Victoria’. Depending on the scale and type of the activity
Evaluation proposed, many of the conditions will either be
Whilst this is a relevant consideration in the irrelevant or unnecessary.
assessment of planning applications, it is a matter In respect of environmental impacts, it is
that is substantially addressed by another recommended that the control measure (permit
government authority. condition) should be proportionate to the nature
In any event, bio-security (where relevant) is and extent of the environmental risk.
extremely important to the operator because the Many of the conditions also overlap. It is therefore
infiltration of unwanted species or diseases could appropriate to tailor the appropriate package of
potentially have disastrous economic impacts. conditions for each individual proposal.

36
11 Relevant Legislation
This section outlines the other legislation and government agencies which affect aquaculture.
The requirements of the Act are administered by the
11.1 Relevant Legislation Environment Protection Authority (EPA). The
There are a number of significant legislative acts authority may request the imposition of permit
that affect the way in which aquaculture conditions addressing any matters it considers
development can occur in Victoria. In addition to relevant. It is important to note however that waste
the Planning and Environment Act 1987, these discharges from certain aquaculture operations are
include the: exempt from EPA requirements (usually due to
Fisheries Act 1995; their small scale).
Water Act 1989; and 11.2 Other Legislation

Environmental Protection Act 1970. There are a number of other Acts that are also
relevant in the aquaculture but which are
11.1.1 Fisheries Act 1995 considered to be of lesser significance in that they
The Fisheries Act 1995 relates to the regulation, only apply in certain circumstances. These include
management and conservation of fisheries and the:
aquatic habitats. Licenses / permits are required to
use, form or create a habitat in a specified area for Land Act 1958 – relates to the granting of leases
hatching, rearing, breeding, displaying or growing over unreserved Crown land for commercial,
specified fish or fishing bait for sale or other industrial, agricultural (aquaculture) and other
commercial purposes, i.e. conducting aquaculture. purposes.
The Fisheries Act 1995 is administered by the Livestock Disease Control Act 1988 – relates to
Department of Primary Industries (DPI), Fisheries the control and management of disease in
Division. livestock, including fish.
11.1.2 Water Act 1989 Reference Areas Act 1978 – refers to the
preservation of public land in its natural state
The Water Act 1989 relates to the conservation and
due to ecological interest and significance.
effective management of water resources. This Act
is relevant in that it provides provisions for the Coastal Management Act 1995 – relates to
licensing of water usage. coastal crown land 200 metres inland from high
tide mark. Relevant if proposal is situated
This Act is particularly relevant in terms of Water
within this area.
Access for aquaculture developments.
Land Conservation (Vehicle Control) Act 1972 –
The requirements of the Act are typically
relates to the regulation of vehicle access on
implemented by the local water authority (as a
Crown land.
referral agency for any aquaculture proposal),
which may request the imposition of permit Crown Land (Reserves) Act 1978 – relates to the
conditions addressing any matters it considers reservation of Crown land for certain purposes.
relevant.
Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988 – relates to
11.1.3 Environment Protection Act 1970 the conservation of flora and fauna with
The Environment Protection Act 1970 relates to the particular emphasis on threatened species.
protection and improvement of the quality of the National Parks Act 1975 – relates to
environment. In terms of its relevance to development in land and waters governed by
aquaculture, it involves regulation and licensing the National Parks Act.
with particular reference to the discharge of wastes
and the prevention or control of pollution and Catchment and Land Protection Act 1994 –
noise. relates to the control of soil erosion, noxious
weeds and pest animals.
This Act is particularly relevant in terms of water
and air quality, noise emissions and environmental
concerns.

37
11.3 Referral with Other Appendix B lists useful contact details for the
various relevant government agencies.
Government Agencies
As alluded to previously, applicants are encouraged Appendix C contains useful internet links, and
Appendix D contains a list of useful publications
to contact relevant government agencies and, where
possible, obtain their approval prior to lodging and references.
town planning permit applications. This may help
to reduce delays in association with the referral of
applications.

38
Appendix A. Possible Permit Conditions
Introduction − Screening of all waste or refuse areas to
In issuing planning permits, responsible authorities ensure views of such areas are obscured from
may impose permit conditions to (amongst other the view of the public.
things) limit or control the use and/or development
− The provision of screen landscaping around
permitted for the site. They may also be used to
all buildings and works.
impose the requirements of a planning scheme or
referral authorities. − etc
The permit conditions listed below are not intended Prior to the commencement of the use and
to be exhaustive; moreover, they should simply be development hereby permitted, a landscape plan
used as a guide to assist planning officers when prepared by a landscape architect or suitably
issuing planning permits for aquaculture activities. qualified and experienced person or firm
incorporating:
Depending on the scale and type of the activity
proposed, many of the conditions will either be − An accurate survey of all existing vegetation
irrelevant or unnecessary. to be removed and retained and other natural
features;
Many of the conditions also overlap. It is therefore
appropriate to tailor the appropriate package of − The area(s) set aside for landscaping;
conditions for each individual proposal having
regard to the specifics of the permit application (i.e. − A schedule of all proposed trees, shrubs and
ground cover, which will include the
location, size of facility, surrounding uses, etc).
location, number, height and spread at
Visual impact. maturity of all plants, the botanical names of
such plants and the location of all areas to be
Land based aquaculture facilities will usually
covered by grass, lawn or other surface
have some degree of impact on the landscape.
material as specified;
The degree to which a land based aquaculture
facility has a visual impact depends on the − Planting required by any other Condition of
magnitude of the change to the landscape this permit;
having regard to a number of matters (as
− Paving, retaining walls, fence design details,
outlined in the Guidelines).
and other landscape works including areas of
cut and fill and finished site levels;
[Any dot-points can be added to this condition to address
visual issues, landscaping or any other issues that − The provision of advanced tree planting
necessitate alterations to the submitted plans] (minimum height of 1.5m at the time of
planting) etc
Before the development starts, plans must be
submitted to and approved by the Responsible When the plan is to the satisfaction of the
Authority. When approved, the plans will be responsible authority it will be endorsed and
endorsed and will then form part of the permit. will form part of this permit.
The plans must be drawn to scale with
dimensions and three copies must be provided.
Except with the further permission of the
Responsible Authority, prior to the
The plans must show:
commencement of the use hereby permitted the
− A minimum setback of all buildings and landscaping works as shown on the endorsed
works of #m from #. plans must be completed to the satisfaction of
the Responsible Authority.
− Elevations of all buildings and structures.
All planting must be maintained in a healthy
− A schedule of materials, finishes and colours.
condition to the satisfaction of the Responsible
− The external fabric of buildings, including Authority. Any dead or diseased trees or shrubs
roofing, in muted tones of non-reflective must be replaced as soon as possible.
material.

39
General amenity − the location of any site sheds and the like;
and
When properly planned and developed,
aquaculture facilities are generally considered to − any other relevant matters.
be “low impact” facilities which do not have
Before the use of the approved development
significant environmental or amenity impacts.
starts, the developer must submit to and have
approved by the Responsible Authority an
The amenity of the area must not be adversely Operational Management Plan which clearly sets
affected by the use or development as a result of: out the on-going and overall management of the
− Transport of materials, goods or commodities project including the daily running of the
to or from the land. development and measures to protect the
amenity and property of neighbouring
− Appearance of any building, works, stored properties.
goods or materials.
− Emission of noise, artificial light, vibration, responsible authority, the days and hours of the
smell, fumes, smoke, vapour, steam, soot, use hereby permitted shall be [specify activities
ash, dust, wastewater, waste products, grit or and days/hours of operation]
oil.
Any external lighting shall be installed and
− Presence of vermin. maintained so as to avoid distracting passing
Prior to the commencement of any site works, motorists or causing nuisance to neighbouring
the owner must submit a Construction properties.
Management Plan to the Responsible Authority Noise
for approval. No works are permitted to occur
until the Plan has been approved in writing by Land based aquaculture facilities typically
the Responsible Authority. Once approved, the create very little noise and in any event will be
Construction Management Plan will be endorsed required to meet the relevant noise standards.
to form part of this permit and must be
implemented to the satisfaction of the Noise from the premises must not exceed limits
Responsible Authority. The Plan must be to the prescribed by the State Environment Protection
satisfaction of the Responsible Authority and Policy (Control of Noise from Commerce,
must provide details of the following: Industry and Trade) No. N-1, to the satisfaction
of the Responsible Authority.
− hours for construction activity in accordance
with any other condition of this permit; No external sound amplification equipment or
loudspeakers are to be used for the purpose of
− measures to control noise, dust, water and
announcements, broadcasts, playing of music or
sediment laden runoff;
similar purposes, to the satisfaction of the
− the location and design of a vehicle wash- Responsible Authority.
down bay for construction vehicles on the
or
site;
Before the development starts an Acoustic
− the location of parking areas for construction
Report, prepared by a recognised Acoustic
and sub-contractors' vehicles on the site, to
Engineer and to the satisfaction of the
ensure that vehicles associated with
Responsible Authority, must be submitted to
construction activity cause minimum
and approved by the Responsible Authority.
disruption to surrounding premises and
When approved, the report will be endorsed and
traffic flows;
will then form part of the permit. The report
− measures to ensure that sub- must provide an assessment of noise attenuation
contractors/tradespersons operating on the measures and advise whether those measures
site are aware of the contents of the satisfy relevant Environment Protection
Construction Management Plan; Authority policies.
− contact details of key construction site staff;

40
All noise associated with the use and Prior to the commencement of the use, the
development authorized by this permit shall be development hereby permitted shall be
in accordance with the Interim Guidelines for connected to a reticulated sewerage system to
Control of Noise from Industry in Country the satisfaction of the responsible authority, the
Victoria (EPA 1989), to the satisfaction of the EPA and the relevant sewerage authority.
Responsible Authority.
Prior to the commencement of the use, the
Waste disposal (solid). development hereby permitted shall be
connected to a reticulated drainage system to the
Land based aquaculture facilities typically have
satisfaction of the responsible authority and the
few problems with regard to waste disposal as it
relevant drainage authority.
is in the operator’s commercial interests to
ensure the operation is conducted in a clean and or
efficient manner.
Before the use of the approved development
starts, the developer shall submit to and have
Prior to the commencement of the use three approved by the Responsible Authority, the
copies of a Solid Waste Management Plan shall
relevant drainage authority and the EPA a
be submitted for the approval of the Responsible Drainage & Waste Water Management Plan
Authority. The Plan shall detail the which clearly sets out how all stormwater,
management of all solid wastes, including dead
drainage and waste water will be managed
stock, generated by the use to the satisfaction of without causing any detriment to neighbouring
the Responsible Authority. The Plan must properties or the environment. The Plan must
include, but not necessarily be limited to:
include, but not necessarily be limited to:
− The designation of storage areas for all − Proposed methods of waste water treatment
wastes. and disposal.
− Methods and frequency of collection and
− Measures to ensure contaminated waste-
transportation of all waste products. water does not discharge to surface or
− Methods to prevent vermin and fly ground waters, including surface and
infestation. stormwater drains.
− Collection and disposal of dead stock. − Measures to ensure any waste water used for
irrigation is of an appropriate quality and is
− Contingency plans for the storage and conducted in accordance with EPA
disposal of stock in the event of mass Publication 168 "Guidelines for Waste
mortalities. Irrigation" and EPA Publication 464
The storage, removal and disposal of garbage, "Guidelines for Wastewater Reuse".
stock and refuse must be undertaken in − Measures to prevent the discharge of dust
accordance with the Solid Waste Management and sediment during the construction period
Plan referred to in Condition # of this permit and and the post construction period from the site
in such a manner as to avoid any nuisance, and construction, and measures to ensure
pollution or loss of amenity to the surrounding such activities are conducted in accordance
area, to the satisfaction of the Responsible with EPA Publication 275 "Construction
Authority. Techniques for Sediment Pollution Control".
Water quality. − Measures to ensure compliance with the
Water quality issues associated with Environment Protection Authority
aquaculture typically relate to the possible Publication "Bunding Guidelines".
contamination or pollution of above or below − Measures to ensure the use, storage and
ground water courses/tables. disposal of feeds, chemicals or the like
associated with the use will be undertaken in
[A number of variations of the same condition could be accordance with best management practices
used, as follows] and government regulations to ensure no
adverse impact on the land, adjoining
property or the quality of groundwater to the
satisfaction of the Responsible Authority.

41
All stormwater, drainage and waste water works Traffic, access and parking.
must be constructed and thereafter maintained
The number of car parking spaces provided
in accordance with the Drainage & Waste Water
should be correlated with the size of the
Management Plan to the satisfaction of the
operation (i.e. number of staff).
Responsible Authority, the relevant drainage
authority and the EPA.
and/or Responsible Authority, not less than # car
All sewage and sullage and polluted drainage parking spaces (including disabled spaces) must
be provided on the land to the satisfaction of the
must be treated in accordance with the
requirements of the Environment Protection Act Responsible Authority.
1970 and the Health Act 1958. All effluent must Before the use of the land starts, the areas set
be disposed of within the curtilage of the site aside for car parking, access lanes and driveways
and must not drain directly or indirectly into any shown on the endorsed plans must be:
adjoining property, street or any watercourse or
drain, and sufficient land must be set aside and − Constructed;
kept available for the purpose of effluent − Formed to such levels and properly drained
disposal, all to the satisfaction of the Responsible so that they can be used in accordance with
Authority. the endorsed plans;
The use and development must at all times be − Surfaced with an all weather seal coat (or
consistent with the Environment Protection surfaced with compacted crushed rock or
Authority license requirements, to the gravel);
satisfaction of the Environment Protection
Authority and the Responsible Authority. − Line or otherwise marked to indicate each car
space;
Water access.
[If required, refer to relevant water authority] − Clearly marked to show the direction of
traffic along the access lanes and driveways;
Prior to the commencement of the use and
development hereby permitted, approval must to the satisfaction of the Responsible
be sought and granted under the Water Act 1989 Authority.
with respect to the licensing of water use. All car parking, access lanes and driveways
Vegetation removal. must be maintained to the satisfaction of the
[also see Visual Impact – where a detailed landscape plan Responsible Authority.
may be required] Parking areas and access lanes must be kept
Without the prior written consent of the available for these purposes at all times.
Responsible Authority, all native vegetation on Access to the site must be made to the
the land must be retained, unless otherwise satisfaction of Vic Roads and the Responsible
shown as vegetation to be removed on the Authority.
endorsed plan, to the satisfaction of the
Responsible Authority. Loading and unloading of goods must only be
carried out on the land.

42
Appendix B. Useful Contacts
Aboriginal Affairs Victoria Department of Primary Industries
www.dhs.vic.gov.au/aav (DPI) – Fisheries Division
(03) 9637 8000 www.dpi.vic.gov.au
Aboriginal Affairs Victoria (AAV) is the Victorian The Fisheries Division of the Department of
Government’s central point of advice on all aspects Primary Industries (DPI) is the management agency
of Aboriginal affairs in Victoria. AAV administers responsible for Victoria's fisheries. It is responsible
legislation that protects Aboriginal cultural heritage for ensuring the State's fish resources are conserved
in Victoria. This function relies on close cooperation by careful management of commercial and
with the various Aboriginal communities around recreational fishing and of aquaculture. The
the State. A registry is maintained of sites of Fisheries Division issues licences that permit the
significant aboriginal occupation. holder to use aquaculture equipment to culture fish
as defined in the Fisheries Act 1995.
The National Native Title Tribunal has a registry of
native title claims (relevant to public land only). Information specific to licensing requirements can
be directed to the Aquaculture Licensing Officer on
Catchment Management 136 186 or at the DPI website on
www.dpi.vic.gov.au
Authorities (CMA)
Enquires for aquaculture development should be
www.dse.vic.gov.au/vro and go to ‘Land and Water
Management’. directed towards regional Aquaculture
Development Officers. :
The primary goal of each Catchment Management
Port Phillip Region
Authority (CMA) is to ensure the protection and
restoration of land and water resources, the Cnr Little Malop & Fenwick St,
sustainable development of natural resources-based Geelong, VIC 3220
Telephone: (03) 5226 4510
industries and the conservation of natural and
cultural heritage. Gippsland Region
The main issues concerning the CMA with respect 7 Service St,
Bairnsdale, VIC 3875
to land based aquaculture facilities relate to site
access roads which can create erosion and drainage Telephone: (03) 5152 0400
issues. CMAs are also concerned with noxious Northern Region
weeds and pest animals. 46 Aitken St,
Alexandra, VIC 3147
Councils Telephone: (03) 5772 0271
Information on council contacts is available at the South West Region
Municipal Association of Victoria’s website, 8-12 Julia St,
www.mav.asn.au Portland, VIC 3305
Enquiries about planning scheme provisions and Telephone: (03) 5522 3446
permit processes should be made in the first
instance to the responsible authority / local council.
If in doubt contact the planning department of the
council or the regional office of the Department of
Sustainability and Environment.
Council contacts are also available at
www.dvc.vic.gov.au/local_gov.htm
For planning scheme details visit
www.dse.vic.gov.au/planningschemes

43
Department of Sustainability and Gippsland Regional Office
71 Hotham Street
Environment (DSE) – Regional Traralgon VIC 3844
Offices Telephone: (03) 5172 2111
DSE Customer Service Centre 136 186 Facsimile: (03) 5172 2100
Planning Information Centre (03) 9655 8830 Land Victoria

www.land.vic.gov.au
Apart from co-ordinating the planning system, DSE
also grants leases and licences for developments on Land Victoria provides management services and
Crown land eg: pipelines across beaches for marine information about who owns land, where it is, what
onshore systems. its boundaries are, what it is worth and what can be
done with it.
Head Office
8 Nicholson Street Environmental Protection
East Melbourne VIC 3002
Telephone: (03) 9637 8000 Authority (EPA)
Facsimile: (03) 9637 8148 www.epa.vic.gov.au
240–250 Victoria Parade (03) 9695 2722
East Melbourne VIC 3002
The Environment Protection Authority (EPA) is a
Telephone: (03) 9412 4011
statutory body responsible for pollution control.
Facsimile: (03) 9412 4803
The EPA is also the contact for information and
Land Registry standards associated with noise from a land based
Marland House aquaculture facility.
Level 12, 570 Bourke Street
A waste discharge licence must be obtained from
Melbourne VIC 3000
the EPA in certain cases.
Telephone: (03) 8636 2213
Facsimile: (03) 8636 2296
Heritage Victoria
Port Phillip Regional Office www.heritage.vic.gov.au
30 Prospect Street
Box Hill VIC 3128 As an independent statutory authority, the Heritage
Telephone: (03) 9296 4400 Council Victoria is the State’s main decision-making
Facsimile: (03) 9890 0075 body on heritage issues. The Victorian Heritage
Register is the official listing of heritage places and
South West Regional Office objects which the Heritage Council has assessed as
Corner Mair and Doveton Street being of State significance to Victoria. Registration
Ballarat VIC 3350 of a site gives it legal protection.
Telephone: 136 186
North East Regional Office Parks Victoria
35 Sydney Road www.parks.vic.gov.au
Benalla VIC 3672
Telephone: (03) 5761 1611 Parks Victoria manages the State’s network of
Facsimile: (03) 5761 1628 national, state, regional and metropolitan parks,
conservation reserves and certain other public
North West Regional Office lands. Parks Victoria is dedicated to preserving the
Cnr Midland Highway and Taylor Street natural and heritage values of the parks, bays, and
Bendigo VIC 3550 waterways, including full protection of sensitive
Telephone: (03) 5430 4444 areas.
Facsimile: (03) 5448 4982
Northern Irrigation Regional Office
Ferguson Road
Tatura VIC 3616
Telephone: (03) 5833 5222
Facsimile: (03) 5833 5299

44
VicRoads VCAT will only have influence over the
development of a land based aquaculture facility
www.vicroads.vic.gov.au
when the decision of a responsible authority is
VicRoads is responsible for maintaining and subject to an application for review.
improving the condition and performance of
Victoria’s arterial roads, bridges and major culverts. Victorian Coastal Council (VCC)
VicRoads may need to be consulted if the land www.vcc.vic.gov.au
based aquaculture facility development impacts the
highway network. Local council is responsible for The Victorian Coastal Council (VCC) is appointed
minor roads. under the Coastal Management Act 1995 as the
peak body for the strategic planning and
Victorian Civil and Administrative management of the Victorian coast, and to provide
advice to the Minister for the Environment.
Tribunal
www.vcat.vic.gov.au The VCC have developed the Siting and design
guidelines for structures on the Victorian coast and the
Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal Landscape settings types for the Victorian coast.
(VCAT) is the tribunal dealing with a broad range
of civil disputes. The Planning and Environment Local Water Authorities
List reviews the decisions of Responsible
Please contact your local Council for details of the
Authorities and other authorities in relation to the
relevant water authority in your area.
use and/or development of land on application.

45
Appendix C. Multi-Waters Yabby
Aquaculture Licensing
required) and or ‘development’ where new
Background infrastructure is proposed (eg. packing sheds,
In February 2000, Fisheries Victoria released the hatcheries etc.) and authority to extract water (if
Victorian Yabby Aquaculture Development required) from relevant agencies.
Strategy that included fifteen key actions aimed at
increasing the production and value of the Victorian Amenity
aquaculture industry and encouraging appropriate
Agents listed as land-holders on a multi-waters
product quality assurance standards. Central to the
licence supply small quantities (around 150 kg of
strategy’s aims was the establishment of a new sub-
yabbies per hectare of pond /each year) of yabbies
category of aquaculture licence now referred to as
from existing farm dams and private wetlands on
the Aquaculture (Private Land Yabbies Multi-
these properties, which do not require any
Waters) Licence.
dedicated infrastructure or change of land use eg.
domestic, stock or irrigation dams, as the yabbies
Rationale occur there naturally.
The multiple water licence category was developed
to allow a single property licence holder to list To ensure that product is handled in the
additional properties (with the consent of other appropriate manner and sold legally, agents may
land-holders) on their licence and thereby gain only sell yabbies to a person whose licence that they
access to Victoria’s vast supply of farm dam yabbies are listed on. This maintains a record of where
previously only used for domestic or recreational yabbies are obtained from for trace back purposes.
purposes. The multiple waters licence holder, after obtaining
The multi-waters provision is a low cost and lower the yabbies from the agent, is responsible for the
risk supply option than conventional semi-intensive processing and food safety requirements (eg.
production strategies but can be used to PrimeSafe licencing) at the main property.
supplement aquaculture production and satisfy Fisheries Victoria considers it unlikely that local
strong domestic and export market demand for Government would require an agent / land-holder
yabbies. to obtain planning approval as the amenity and
land use at the property will not change through the
Administration sale of yabbies to a multi waters licence holder any
The applicant for a multi-water licence must more than would occur from harvesting yabbies for
provide written approval from land-owners their own consumption. Individual local
(agents) with existing farm dams. These additional Government jurisdictions however may vary in
properties are then individually listed on the their assessments of this matter.
licence. Multi-waters licence holders may also be For further information in relation to the above
required to obtain a planning permit for ‘use’ (if please contact Fisheries Victoria, Department of
Primary Industries on 03 9658 4375.

46
Appendix D. Internet Links
AustAsia Aquaculture Magazine - Department of Sustainability and Environment –
http://www.austasiaaquaculture.com.au Planning - http://www.dse.vic.gov.au/planning
Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Growing Victoria Together -
Economics - http://www.abareconomics.com http://www.growingvictoria.vic.gov.au Growing
Victoria Together
Australian Seafood Industry Council -
http://www.asic.org.au Land Victoria – www.land.vic.gov.au
Australian Trade Commission - Victorian Government Business -
http://www.austrade.gov.au http://www.business.vic.gov.au
Department of Primary Industries – Fishing and
Aquaculture - http://www.dpi.vic.gov.au/fishing

47
Appendix E. References
Fletcher, W.J., Chesson, J., Fisher M., Sainsbury, K.J.,
Aquaculture References and Hundloe, T.J. (2004) National ESD Reporting
Aquaculture Industry Action Agenda (2002) Framework: The 'How To' Guide for Aquaculture.
National Aquaculture Development Committee’s Report Version 1.1 FRDC, Canberra, Australia 88 pp.
to Government and Industry, Department of
Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry – Australia, Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United
Canberra. Nations (2000) State of World Fisheries and
Aquaculture 2000, FAO Fisheries Department, Rome
Business Victoria (2000) The Blue Revolution:
Investment Opportunities in Victorian Aquaculture, Government of Victoria (1998) Victorian Aquaculture
Department of State and Regional Development, Strategy, Department of Natural Resources and
Melbourne Environment, Melbourne
Department of Natural Resources and Environment Department of Natural Resources and Environment
(1998), Victorian Aquaculture Strategy. (2001). Integrated Agri-Aquaculuture Systems.
Investment Portfolio. Melbourne.
Department of Natural Resources and Environment
(1999), The Blue Revolution: Aquaculture Love,G.and Langenkamp, D.(2003) Australian
Investment Opportunities in Victoria. Aquaculture: Industry Profiles for Related Species ,
ABARE e Report 03.8, Prepared for the Fisheries
Department of Primary Industries (2003). Resources Research Fund, Canberra.
Aquaculture in Victoria Investment Analysis.
Fisheries Victoria. Marine and Freshwater Resources Institute (2002)
Commercial Fish Production - Information Bulletin 2002
Department of Primary Industries (2004). Victorian Department of Natural Resources and
Aquaculture Strategy: Implementation Review. Environment, Melbourne.
Completed by the Victorian Aquaculture Strategy
Review Steering Committee. Fisheries Victoria National Aquaculture Development Committee
Management Report Series No. 12. (2002), Report to Government and Industry,
Aquaculture Industry Action Agenda.
Fisheries Victoria (2001) Aquaculture Development
in Victoria: Review of Aquaculture Initiative. Office of Regulatory Reform (1999), Review of the
Regulatory Arrangements in the Victorian
Fisheries Victoria (2002) Project Brief - Aquaculture Aquaculture Industry.
Planning Guidelines Department of Natural
Resources and Environment, Melbourne.

48
Appendix F. Glossary
Aquaculture is the farming of aquatic organisms Hatchery destination is the destination to which
including fish, molluscs, crustaceans and aquatic hatchery produced stock is sent. For example,
plants. Farming implies some form of intervention hatchery stock may be produced for the purpose of
in the rearing process to enhance production, such restocking waterways or may be sold to other farms
as regular stocking, feeding and protection from for on-growing.
predators. Farming also implies individual or
Intensive aquaculture systems are more
corporate ownership of the stock being cultivated.
technologically advanced than extensive systems.
Aquaculture production is the live weight quantity They involve high levels of energy input and some
of product marketed by aquaculturists. allow total control of the environmental conditions
to enable higher stocking rates and higher yields.
Aquaculture value is the assessed value received by
aquaculturists on the basis of an at ‘farm-gate’ LPPF: Local Planning Policy Framework
equivalent, for product marketed.
Mariculture is aquaculture carried out in marine
‘As- of- right use’ is a use that does not require a waters.
town planning permit under the VPP (otherwise
Market-driven aquaculture is where the choices of
known as a Section 1 use).
species and products are driven by market demand,
Dams are waterways constructed for purposes as determined by market research (cf. Production-
other than aquaculture, such as stocking water driven aquaculture).
stations.
MSS: Municipal Strategic Statement
Extensive aquaculture systems are systems that
On-growing (grow-out) is when stock is produced
involve a small degree of management on behalf of
in a hatchery or collected from the wild as juveniles
the farmer in the form of water quality maintenance
and is then grown to marketable size.
and feeding regimes. Extensive systems
traditionally have low stocking rates. Ornamental fish species are exotic and native fish
sold as aquarium fish, including goldfish.
Farm-gate price is the assessed market value of live
or dead seafood based on data supplied by the Overlay is a planning scheme provision that
Melbourne Wholesale Fish Market and industry indicates the land has some special feature, for
organisations. example a heritage building or place, and describes
the requirements that apply for the use and
Flow-through systems (raceways) are systems for
development of the area covered by the overlay.
providing a flow through of water to enable the
rearing of dense populations of fish. They include Particular provisions are implements of planning
tanks (excluding recirculation systems), raceways, schemes that apply to specific activities, for example
purpose built bottom draining ponds and other car parking, and apply in addition to the
manufactured containers that allow the flow requirements of zones, overlays or any other
through of water from inflow points to outflow provision of the planning scheme.
points.
Post-harvest staff are permanent and casual staff
General provisions are a standard set of involved in processing activities on-site.
requirements to guide the administration of
planning schemes, existing uses, decision Production quantity is a measure of the quantity of
guidelines, referral of applications, and other fish product harvested based on data from the
aquaculture production return forms.
matters.
Grow-out (on-growing) is when stock is produced Production-driven aquaculture is where the choices
in a hatchery or collected from the wild as juveniles of species and products are driven by existing
equipment, expertise, growing conditions or
and is then grown to marketable size.
historical factors, rather then market demand (cf.
Hatchery production is the number of cultured market-driven aquaculture).
species produced within the hatchery for purposes
Production staff are permanent and casual staff
such as restocking, on-growing or sale as fingerlings
or juveniles. involved in the farming activities on-site.

49
Production value is the assessed value at the point SPPF: State Planning Policy Framework
of harvesting for the quantity of product produced
SEPP: State Environment and Protection Policy
at the point of harvesting.
(declared under section 16 of the Environment
Raceways see above flow-through systems. Protection Act 1970)
Recirculation systems (RAS) are systems for VPP: Victorian Planning Provisions
growing large quantities of fish in a relatively small
area in tanks, and are designed to allow the control
of environmental conditions through treatment of
water and removal of wastes, and the reuse or
recirculate the water.

50

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DEPARTMENT OF

Fisheries Management Paper

Planning Guidelines for Land Based Aquaculture in Victoria

3 Aquaculture in Victoria ........................................................................................5

4 Land Based Aquaculture Systems and Practices In Victoria .......................5

5 Government Support for Aquaculture Development................................ 12

6 Siting and Servicing Implications for Aquaculture ................................... 14

Planning Guidelines for Land Based Aquaculture in Victoria

8 Planning Framework for Aquaculture Proposals ........................................18

9 Preparing an Application for an Land Based Aquaculture Facility ........22

10 Assessing Land Based Aquaculture Facility Proposals..............................26

11 Relevant Legislation ...........................................................................................37

Planning Guidelines for Land Based Aquaculture in Victoria

Planning Guidelines for Land Based Aquaculture in Victoria

1.2 Summary of Contents 1.3 Aquaculture Policy Statements

Planning Guidelines for Land Based Aquaculture in Victoria

Planning Guidelines for Land Based Aquaculture in Victoria

Planning Guidelines for Land Based Aquaculture in Victoria

Planning Guidelines for Land Based Aquaculture in Victoria

Planning Guidelines for Land Based Aquaculture in Victoria

Planning Guidelines for Land Based Aquaculture in Victoria

4.1 Introduction 4.2 Land Based Static Systems

Figure 2. Land Based Static System (Explanatory Diagram – indicative only)2

Planning Guidelines for Land Based Aquaculture in Victoria

Planning Guidelines for Land Based Aquaculture in Victoria

Figure 6. Marine Onshore System (Explanatory Diagram – Indicative Only)4

Planning Guidelines for Land Based Aquaculture in Victoria

Figure 7. R.A.S. Interior (Photographic Example)

Figure 9. Recirculating Aquaculture System (Explanatory Diagram – indicative only)

Planning Guidelines for Land Based Aquaculture in Victoria

Table 1. Species in Victorian Land Based Aquaculture

Salmon (Atlantic & a a aa

aa= Preferred system

Planning Guidelines for Land Based Aquaculture in Victoria

Planning Guidelines for Land Based Aquaculture in Victoria

Planning Guidelines for Land Based Aquaculture in Victoria

 Fish farming experience (husbandry);  Availability of suitably qualified and

Planning Guidelines for Land Based Aquaculture in Victoria

Farming Access to Road access Power Town Access to Specialised

Marine Essential Essential Essential Useful Important Important /

Land based Essential Essential Important Useful Useful Essential

Land based Essential Essential Important Not required Important Useful

Closed Essential Essential Essential Essential Essential Essential

6.3 Protecting Critical Values Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Values

5 Water mains, sewer, gas, telephone.

6 Building material suppliers, builders, mechanics, medical.

7 Specialised aquaculture equipment, chemicals, feed.

Planning Guidelines for Land Based Aquaculture in Victoria

Planning Guidelines for Land Based Aquaculture in Victoria

7.1 Rural Areas 7.2 Industrial Areas

Planning Guidelines for Land Based Aquaculture in Victoria

Planning Guidelines for Land Based Aquaculture in Victoria

Planning Guidelines for Land Based Aquaculture in Victoria

Table 3. New Rural Zones – Impact on Aquaculture use and Development

Use Buildings & Works

Farming Zone (FZ) Permit not required Permit required for:

- Specified Earthworks which increase the

- Buildings which are within certain specified

Rural Activity Zone (RAZ) Permit not required As above

Fish farming experience (husbandry); Availability of suitably qualified and

The nature of the site and its surrounds; Evaluation

Waste disposal The need for professional reports demonstrating

Water Act 1989; and 11.2 Other Legislation