Chemistry Project Term 2 PDF

SECTION A
Answer ALL the questions in this section. You should aim to spend no more than 20 minutes on
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA

this section. For each question, select one answer from A to D and put a cross in the box .
If you change your mind, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer
with a cross .
1 Chromium is classified as a transition element because

A it is in the d block of the Periodic Table.
B it forms stable ions in which it has different oxidation numbers.
C it has incompletely filled d orbitals.
D it forms stable ions which have incompletely filled d orbitals.
(Total for Question 1 = 1 mark)
2 The series below show the first four ionisation energies (in kJ mol−1) of different elements.
Which could be those of a transition element?

A 496 4563 6913 9544
B 578 1817 2745 11 578
C 658 1310 2653 4175
D 738 1451 7733 10 541
3 Which of the following are the oxidation states of chromium in the ions shown?
Cr(OH)63− CrO42−
A −3 +4
B +3 +6
C +3 +4

D −3 +6

2
*P54557A0228*

4 A metal M reacts with nitrate ions, NO3−, in acid conditions.

The products are Mn+ ions, water and nitrogen(II) oxide, NO.
The reacting ratio of M atoms to nitrate ions is 3:2.
What is the value of n in the Mn+ ion?

A 1
B 2
C 3
D 4
5 Use these electrode potentials to answer the following questions.
Electrode reaction E / V
V3+(aq) + e−  V2+(aq) −0.26

VO2+(aq) + 2H+(aq) + e−  V3+(aq) + H2O(l) +0.34
I2(aq) + 2e−  2I−(aq) +0.54
VO2+(aq) + 2H+(aq) + e−  VO2+(aq) + H2O(l) +1.00
Cl2(aq) + 2e−  2Cl−(aq) +1.36
(a) Which of these species is the strongest oxidising agent?

(1)
A V3+(aq)
B V2+(aq)
C Cl2(aq)
D Cl−(aq)
(b) Which species would convert vanadium(IV) to vanadium(III) under standard

conditions?
(1)
A V2+(aq)
B I−(aq)
C Cl2(aq)
D Cl−(aq)
(Total for Question 5 = 2 marks)

3
*P54557A0328* Turn over

6 Which statement about E for a cell reaction is true?
A E is proportional to ln K.

E is proportional to K.
B ln
C E is proportional to ln ΔStotal.
E is proportional to ΔStotal.
D ln
7 Which of the following cannot disproportionate?

A Cl2
B BrO−
C SO32−
D NO3−


8 Which of these complex ions could exist as stereoisomers?
A [Co(NH3)6]3+
B [Co(NH3)5(H2O)]3+
C [Co(NH3)5(Cl)]2+
D [Co(NH3)4(Cl)2]+
9 Iron is a suitable catalyst for the reaction of nitrogen with hydrogen to form ammonia
because iron
A can be oxidised easily.

B adsorbs reactant molecules.

C does not desorb product molecules easily.
D forms hydrogen bonds with the ammonia.

4
*P54557A0428*

10 In aqueous solution at pH 12, the amino acid glutamine exists in the form
A H2NCHCOOH
CH2CH2CONH2
B H2NCHCOO−
CH2CH2CONH2
+
C H3NCHCOO−
CH2CH2CONH2
D +H3N CHCOOH
CH2CH2CONH3+
11 The best method for separating a mixture of amino acids in solution, for the purpose
of identification, is
A recrystallisation.
B distillation.
C chromatography.
D solvent extraction.
12 Which molecule does not contain a chiral carbon atom?

A 2-bromobutane
B 2-bromo-2-methylbutane
C 3-methylhexane
D 2-hydroxypropanoic acid

5

13 How many peaks would you expect to see in a low resolution proton nmr spectrum
of pentan-3-one, CH3CH2COCH2CH3?

A 2
B 4
C 5
D 10
14 The high resolution proton nmr spectrum of ethyl ethanoate, CH3COOCH2CH3 , contains
A two triplets and one doublet.
B one triplet, one doublet and one singlet.
C one quartet, one triplet, and one singlet.
D one quartet and two triplets.

15 In a methanol fuel cell, in alkaline conditions, the following reaction occurs at one
electrode.
CH3OH + 6OH− → CO2 + 5H2O + 6e−
The reaction occurring at the other electrode is
A 2H2 + 2O2 + 4e− → 4OH−
B O2 + 2H2O + 4e− → 4OH−
C 4H+ + O2 + 4e− → 2H2O
D 4OH− → 2H2 + 2O2 + 4e−

16 The infrared spectrum of a compound with molecular formula C10H12O2 includes

strong peaks in the ranges 1750–1735 cm−1 and 1150–1100 cm−1.
The compound could be
A C6H5CH2CH2CH2COOH
B C6H5CH2CH2COOCH3
C C6H5CH2COOCH2CH3
D C6H5COOCH2CH2CH3

6
*P54557A0628*

17 Which pair of monomers could react to form a condensation polymer?
OH Cl
A and
HO Cl
B and
Cl Cl
H2N
C and
NH2
O O
HO OH H2N NH2
D and
O O O O

7

18 Cinnamaldehyde, C6H5CH CHCHO, is a liquid that is slightly soluble in water but is
much more soluble in ether. It decomposes below its boiling temperature.

It can be extracted from cinnamon. Sticks of cinnamon are ground up and
mixed with water.
(a) Select the correct order of practical techniques to obtain cinnamaldehyde from
this mixture.
(1)
A steam distilling, extracting with ether, distilling off the ether
B refluxing, extracting with ether, distilling off the ether
C filtering, refluxing, extracting with ether
D steam distilling, filtering, extracting with ether
(b) Which test result for cinnamaldehyde is not correct?

(1)
Test Result

warm with acidified
A no change
potassium dichromate(VI)
warm with acidified
B solution decolorises
potassium manganate(VII)
add
C no change
phosphorus(V) chloride
warm with
D silver mirror
Tollens’ solution
TOTAL FOR SECTION A = 20 MARKS

8
*P54557A0828*
SECTION B
Answer ALL the questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.

17 This question is about chromium and its compounds. Some data are given in the table.
Electrode reaction E /V
` Zn(s)
Zn2+(aq) + 2e− _ −0.76
` Cr(s)
Cr3+(aq) + 3e− _ −0.74
` Cr2+(aq)
Cr3+(aq) + e− _ −0.41
` 4OH−(aq)
O2(g) + 2H2O(l ) + 4e− _ +0.40
` 2Cr3+(aq) + 7H2O(l )
Cr2O72−(aq) + 14H+(aq) + 6e− _ +1.33
(a) One of the most important uses of chromium is in plating other metals such as steel
and brass. This gives them a hard shiny coating which is very resistant to corrosion.

(i) Calculate E cell for the reaction of chromium with oxygen in the presence of water.
Write the equation for this reaction. State symbols are not required.
(3)
(ii) By considering the E cell value calculated in (a)(i), suggest why a chromium
coating is corrosion resistant.
(2)
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12
*P56130A01228*
(b) The common oxidation states of chromium are +2, +3 and +6.
Chromium(III) compounds are the most stable.
(i) Select a reagent from the table that could be used to convert chromium(III) to
chromium(II) in aqueous solution.
Justify your answer by calculating the relevant E cell value.
(2)
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(ii) When chromium(III) is converted to chromium(II) in aqueous solution, air has

to be kept out of the apparatus.
Explain why this is necessary.

(2)
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(iii) State the colour change that you would see when chromium(III) is converted
to chromium(II) in aqueous solution.
(1)
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13
*(iv) Explain why solutions of chromium(II) and chromium(III) have different colours.
(3)

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(c) Chromium(III) forms a very large number of complexes.

(i) Give the formula and name the shape of the resulting complex when excess
hydrochloric acid is added to a solution of chromium(III) ions.
(1)
Formula ........................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... ......................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Shape ............................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................. ............................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .
(ii) Give the formula and name the shape of the resulting complex when excess
ammonia is added to a solution of chromium(III) ions.
(1)
Formula ........................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... ......................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Shape ............................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................. ............................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .
14
*P56130A01428*
(d) The most common ions in which chromium has the oxidation number +6 are
chromate(VI) and dichromate(VI).
(i) Write an equation showing the conversion of chromate(VI) ions into

dichromate(VI) ions. State symbols are not required.
(2)
*(ii) Suggest why the [Cr(H2O)6]6+(aq) ion does not exist.

(3)
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(iii) If the [Cr(H2O)6]6+ ion did exist, suggest what colour the solution would be.
Justify your answer.
(1)
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15
(e) Potassium dichromate(VI) crystals are very stable so the compound is used to
determine the exact concentration of sodium thiosulfate solutions.

Excess potassium iodide and dilute sulfuric acid were added to 10.00 cm3 of a
potassium dichromate(VI) solution of concentration 0.0495 mol dm−3.
The resulting solution was titrated with sodium thiosulfate solution.
The mean titre was 19.50 cm3.
The equations for the reactions are
Cr2O72−(aq) + 14H+(aq) + 6I−(aq) → 2Cr3+(aq) + 3I2(aq) + 7H2O(l )
2S2O32−(aq) + I2(aq) → S4O62−(aq) + 2I−(aq)
(i) Identify the indicator that would be used in this titration and give the colour
change at the end-point.
(2)
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(ii) Calculate the concentration of the sodium thiosulfate solution.

(4)
16
*P56130A01628*
18 Ethane-1,2-diamine (also called ethylenediamine) is a colourless liquid with
a smell similar to ammonia. Ethane-1,2-diamine is used in the production of
pharmaceuticals, polymers and agricultural chemicals.
NH2
H2C CH2
H2N ethane-1,2-diamine
(a) Outline a laboratory synthesis of ethane-1,2-diamine from ethene.

Identify reagents, essential conditions and any intermediate compounds.
(4)
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. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) When nitric acid was added to ethane-1,2-diamine and the resulting solution
allowed to evaporate to dryness at room temperature, white crystals remained.
Explain the chemical reaction that occurred and give the structure of the white crystals.
(3)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
(c) Ethane-1,2-diamine forms a complex with copper(II) ions.
(i) Draw a diagram of a complex that copper(II) ions form with ethane-1,2-diamine.

(1)
*(ii) When ethane-1,2-diamine is added to an aqueous solution of

tetraamminecopper(II) ions, [Cu(NH3)4]2+, the formation of the
ethane-1,2-diamine complex is favoured.
Explain why this is so.

(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18
*P56130A01828*
(d) Tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED) is an important component of laundry
detergents that use ‘active oxygen’ bleaching agents.
TAED is manufactured from ethane-1,2-diamine.
O
O
N
N
O
O tetraacetylethylenediamine
(i) Identify a reagent that could be used to convert ethane-1,2-diamine into TAED.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) State the number of peaks and relative peak areas present in the
low resolution proton nmr spectrum of TAED.
Justify your answer by referring to the diagram of the compound.
(3)
O
O
N
N
O
O
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19
19 A white solid M has the following percentage composition by mass: carbon 72.97%;
hydrogen 5.41%; oxygen 21.62%.
The mass spectrum of M has a molecular ion peak at m / e = 148.

(a) Calculate the empirical formula of M and hence deduce its molecular formula.
You must show your working.
(4)

20
*P56130A02028*
(b) The mass spectrum of M had a significant peak at m / e = 77.
When M was added to a solution of sodium hydrogencarbonate, vigorous
effervescence occurred.
M decolourised a cold dilute solution of acidified potassium manganate(VII).
(i) Use this information to identify the three functional groups present in M.
Justify your answers.
(3)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Draw three possible structures of M.

(3)
TOTAL FOR SECTION B = 51 MARKS
21
Answer ALL the questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.
1 A pale green crystalline solid A contains two cations and one anion.

(a) When A is warmed with aqueous sodium hydroxide, a gas is evolved that turns
damp red litmus paper blue.
(i) Identify, by name or formula, the gas evolved.
(1)
ammonia
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Give the name or formula of the cation in A that is identified by this test.
(1)
ammonium
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) A dissolves in distilled water to form a very pale green solution B.

B reacts with aqueous sodium hydroxide to form a green precipitate, which turns
into a brown solid C, on standing in air.

(i) Give the name or formula of the cation in B that is identified by this test.
(1)
Iron (II)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Identify, by name or formula, the brown solid C.

(1)
Iron (III) hydroxide

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c) B gives a white precipitate when aqueous barium chloride acidified with dilute
hydrochloric acid is added.
Give the name or formula of the anion in B that is identified by this test.
(1)
SO₄²
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(d) Suggest the formula of solid A. Do not include any water of crystallisation.
(1)
(NH ) Fe(SO ) 4 2 4 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . ....................................
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
*P58301A0216*
(e) A sample of 0.025 mol of solid A with a mass of 9.80 g is heated gently to remove
the water of crystallisation and leave 0.025 mol of the anhydrous solid.
The mass of anhydrous solid is 7.10 g.

Calculate the number of moles of water of crystallisation combined with 1 mol of
the anhydrous solid.
(2)
9.80-7.10=2.7
n of water: 2.7 / 18 = 0.15 mol
n of water with anhydrous is 0.15/0.025= 6mol


3
2 W is a white solid with the molecular formula C9H8O2.
(a) A series of tests is carried out on W.

Complete the table.
Test Observation Inference
(i) Ignite a sample of W Very smoky flame W could be an alkene

phenyl
or ........................................................................... (1)
compound
(ii) Add a little W to bromine Yellow solution turns W contains the

water and shake the mixture into a colourless
solution carbon-carbon double bond
................................................................................... (1)
group
(iii) Heat W until it melts then Steamy fumes form W contains the

add
phosphorus(V) chloride OH
................................................................................... (1)
group
(iv) Heat W until it melts then Bubbles of W contains the

add solid carbon dioxide form
carboxylic
...................................................................................
sodium carbonate (2)
. . .................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
group
. . .................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) Complete the table, which contains information about the mass spectrum of W.
Peak Inference
+
(i) A peak occurs at m / e = The peak is due to C6H5
(1)
77
. ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) A peak occurs at m / e = 103 The peak is due to an ion with the formula
(1)
C8H7+
..................................................................................
4
*P58301A0416*
(c) The low resolution proton nmr spectrum of W has four peaks each with
relative area 1 and two peaks each with relative area 2.
(i) State the number of proton environments in W.

(1)
6
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) State what can be deduced from the relative peak areas.
(1)
There are four protons and 2 protons

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(d) W exists as two geometric isomers.

Use all the information in this question to deduce the structure of one of these isomers.
(2)
5
3 A student used two methods to determine the concentration of vanadium(III) ions
in an aqueous solution X.

(a) Method 1 used a titration procedure.
10.0 cm3 of X was titrated with 0.0400 mol dm–3 acidified potassium manganate(VII).
The equation for the reaction is
5V3+(aq) + 2MnO4–(aq) + 2H2O(l) o 5VO+2(aq) + 2Mn2+(aq) + 4H+(aq)

The results of four titrations are shown.
Titration Rough 1 2 3
Final burette
21.10 41.30 19.85 20.10
reading / cm3
Initial burette
0.50 21.10 0.25 0.00
reading / cm3

Titre / cm3 20.60 19.60 20.10
20.20
Titres used to
calculate mean
(i) Complete the table and calculate the mean titre.

Show which titres you have used in your calculation by putting a tick ( ) in
the appropriate boxes in the table.
(2)
20.20+20.10= 40.30
40.30/2= 20.15
20.15
Mean titre = ...................................................... . . . . . . . . . cm
3
6
*P58301A0616*
(ii) Calculate the concentration, in mol dm−3, of V3+(aq) ions in solution X.
Give your answer to three significant figures.
(3)
mol of MnO4= 0.01x0.0400= 0.0004
mol of V: 0.001 mol
concentration : n/v = 0.001/0.02015=0.0496 mol dm^-3

(iii) Each burette reading was accurate to ±0.05 cm3.

Calculate the percentage uncertainty in the titre value for Titration 3.
(1)
0.05x2= 0.1
0.1/20.10= 0.004975
0.004975*100=0 .4975
7
(b) Method 2 used an electrochemical cell.
An electrochemical cell was made from the electrode systems represented by

these half-equations:
Zn2+(aq) + 2e− U Zn(s)

V 3+(aq) + e− U V2+(aq)
The Ecell value was measured using the apparatus shown.
Solution Y was made by mixing 50 cm3 of an aqueous solution of V 2+ ions with
50 cm3 of the same solution X as used in Method 1.
Voltmeter
......................................................
platinum
.................................................. . . . .
Zinc electrode
. . . . . . . . . . ..................................... . . . . . . .

solution Y containing
zinc ions solution
. . . . . . . . . . ..................................... . . . . . . . V 2+(aq) and V3+(aq)
salt
bridge
(i) Complete the diagram by adding labels on the dotted lines provided.
Conditions are not required.
(4)
(ii) The salt bridge consisted of a strip of filter paper soaked in a saturated
solution of potassium nitrate.
Give a reason why potassium hydroxide solution should not be used for the
salt bridge.
(1)
Because potassium hydroxide will form precipitate

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8
*P58301A0816*
(iii) In this cell, the zinc half-cell was at standard temperature and concentration.
When the cell reaction occurred, the zinc was oxidised and Ecell = +0.44 V.
Write the overall equation for the cell reaction.

State symbols are not required.
(1)
Zn + 2V3+ Zn2++ 2V2+
(iv) The standard electrode potential, E , for the Zn2+(aq)|Zn(s) half-cell = −0.76 V.
The V 3+(aq)|V 2+(aq) half-cell was not at standard concentration in this experiment.
Calculate the electrode potential, E, for the V 3+(aq)|V 2+(aq) half-cell in this
experiment.
(1)
0.44-0.76= -0.32
(v) The standard electrode potential, E , for the V3+(aq)|V2+(aq) half-cell = −0.26 V.
Solution Y was 1 mol dm–3 with respect to V2+(aq).
For the half-cell in this experiment, the electrode potential is given by
E = E + 0.059 log [V3+(aq)]

Use this, and your answer to (b)(iv), to calculate the concentration of V3+(aq) in
solution Y. You must show your working.
(2)
9
(c) The concentration of V3+(aq) obtained in (a)(ii) was approximately double that
obtained in (b)(v).

Explain why these two values were different.
(1)
the volume is twice as big
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10
*P58301A01016*
4 This question is about the preparation of iodobenzene from phenylamine, and its purification.
The preparation occurs in two steps.
NH2 N2Cl
Step 1
phenylamine benzenediazonium
chloride
N2Cl I
Step 2
iodobenzene
Some data about phenylamine and iodobenzene are given in the table.
Molar mass Density Boiling temperature

Compound
/ g mol–1 / g cm−3 / °C
Phenylamine 93.0 1.02 184
Iodobenzene 203.9 1.83 188
(a) In Step 1 of the preparation, phenylamine is converted into benzenediazonium chloride.

Give the reagents and condition for Step 1.
(2)
Sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
(b) In Step 2 of the preparation, aqueous potassium iodide is added slowly to the
reaction mixture from Step 1.

The mixture is left to stand for 10 minutes and then it is heated for 20 minutes.
The iodobenzene formed is steam distilled from the mixture.
(i) Suggest a reason why the aqueous potassium iodide is added slowly.
(1)
Because the reaction is exothermic

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) The apparatus used for steam distillation is shown.

E
A B
anti- D
bumping
granules
HEAT HEAT
Complete the labelling of the diagram, A, B, C and D.

(3)
A . . . . . . water
................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ........................................................................................................................... . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B benzenediazonium chloride
. . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ........................................................................................................................... . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
C water out
. . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ............................................................................................................................ . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
D . . . . . .water in
.................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................. ........................................................................................................................... . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
*P58301A01216*
(iii) State the purpose of the part of the apparatus labelled E.
(1)
To prevent from pressure being built up

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(iv) The distillate collected contains iodobenzene and water.

Describe how iodobenzene is obtained from the distillate.
[Refer to the data given at the start of Question 4]
(2)
Use separating funnel
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(v) The iodobenzene obtained from the distillate is a cloudy liquid.

Name a substance that should be added to make the liquid clear.
(1)
anhydrous calcium chloride

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(vi) The clear liquid is distilled to obtain pure iodobenzene.

Give a suitable temperature range for collecting the pure iodobenzene.
(1)
185-188oC
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
(c) This preparation and purification process has an expected yield of 70%.
Calculate the volume of phenylamine needed to produce 25.0 cm3 of iodobenzene.

(4)
mass of iodobenzene: 25.0 x 1.83= 45.75
n = m/mr = 45.75/ 203.9= 0.22437 mol
n of phenylamine : 0.22437/0.7= 0.3254 mol
mass = nxmr= 0.3254x 93= 29.81

TOTAL FOR PAPER = 50 MARKS
14
*P58301A01416*

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SECTION A

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1 Chromium is classified as a transition element because

(Total for Question 1 = 1 mark)

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(Total for Question 2 = 1 mark)

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(Total for Question 3 = 1 mark)

4 A metal M reacts with nitrate ions, NO3−, in acid conditions.

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What is the value of n in the Mn+ ion?

(Total for Question 4 = 1 mark)

5 Use these electrode potentials to answer the following questions.

V3+(aq) + e−  V2+(aq) −0.26

VO2+(aq) + 2H+(aq) + e−  V3+(aq) + H2O(l) +0.34

I2(aq) + 2e−  2I−(aq) +0.54

VO2+(aq) + 2H+(aq) + e−  VO2+(aq) + H2O(l) +1.00

Cl2(aq) + 2e−  2Cl−(aq) +1.36

(a) Which of these species is the strongest oxidising agent?

(b) Which species would convert vanadium(IV) to vanadium(III) under standard

(Total for Question 5 = 2 marks)

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(Total for Question 6 = 1 mark)

7 Which of the following cannot disproportionate?

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(Total for Question 8 = 1 mark)

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B adsorbs reactant molecules.

(Total for Question 9 = 1 mark)

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(Total for Question 10 = 1 mark)

(Total for Question 11 = 1 mark)

12 Which molecule does not contain a chiral carbon atom?

(Total for Question 12 = 1 mark)

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(Total for Question 13 = 1 mark)

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CH3OH + 6OH− → CO2 + 5H2O + 6e−

The reaction occurring at the other electrode is

A 2H2 + 2O2 + 4e− → 4OH−

B O2 + 2H2O + 4e− → 4OH−

C 4H+ + O2 + 4e− → 2H2O

D 4OH− → 2H2 + 2O2 + 4e−

(Total for Question 15 = 1 mark)

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16 The infrared spectrum of a compound with molecular formula C10H12O2 includes

(Total for Question 16 = 1 mark)

17 Which pair of monomers could react to form a condensation polymer?

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(Total for Question 17 = 1 mark)

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(b) Which test result for cinnamaldehyde is not correct?

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(Total for Question 18 = 2 marks)