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    D Q K D Q G K Ga Q K G U K H: 1.11.2 An Alternative Method

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    aram
    This document discusses methods for solving problems involving fluid flow through branched pipe networks with three or more junctions. It presents the following key points: 1) When pipes meet at a junction, the continuity equation must be satisfied such that the total flow into the junction equals the total flow out. Additionally, there can only be one head value at each point, and Darcy's equation must be applied to each pipe. 2) For branched pipe networks, it is common to ignore minor losses and assume head loss occurs in the direction of flow, even though calculations produce only positive head drops. The flow direction must be assumed correctly. 3) For the three reservoir problem shown, the four equations involving the

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    D Q K D Q G K Ga Q K G U K H: 1.11.2 An Alternative Method

    Uploaded by

    aram
    51 views2 pages
    This document discusses methods for solving problems involving fluid flow through branched pipe networks with three or more junctions. It presents the following key points: 1) When pipes meet at a junction, the continuity equation must be satisfied such that the total flow into the junction equals the total flow out. Additionally, there can only be one head value at each point, and Darcy's equation must be applied to each pipe. 2) For branched pipe networks, it is common to ignore minor losses and assume head loss occurs in the direction of flow, even though calculations produce only positive head drops. The flow direction must be assumed correctly. 3) For the three reservoir problem shown, the four equations involving the

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    Fluid Flow lecture 21

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    lecture-21

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    This document discusses methods for solving problems involving fluid flow through branched pipe networks with three or more junctions. It presents the following key points: 1) When pipes meet at a junction, the continuity equation must be satisfied such that the total flow into the junction equals the total flow out. Additionally, there can only be one head value at each point, and Darcy's equation must be applied to each pipe. 2) For branched pipe networks, it is common to ignore minor losses and assume head loss occurs in the direction of flow, even though calculations produce only positive head drops. The flow direction must be assumed correctly. 3) For the three reservoir problem shown, the four equations involving the

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    51 views2 pages

    D Q K D Q G K Ga Q K G U K H: 1.11.2 An Alternative Method

    Uploaded by

    aram
    This document discusses methods for solving problems involving fluid flow through branched pipe networks with three or more junctions. It presents the following key points: 1) When pipes meet at a junction, the continuity equation must be satisfied such that the total flow into the junction equals the total flow out. Additionally, there can only be one head value at each point, and Darcy's equation must be applied to each pipe. 2) For branched pipe networks, it is common to ignore minor losses and assume head loss occurs in the direction of flow, even though calculations produce only positive head drops. The flow direction must be assumed correctly. 3) For the three reservoir problem shown, the four equations involving the

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    Dr. Burhan S.

    Abdulrazzaq

    1.11.2 An alternative method


    An alternative method (although based on the same theory) is shown below using the Darcy equation in
    terms of Q
    fLQ 2
    hf =
    3d 5
    And the loss equations in terms of Q:
    u2 Q2 42 Q 2 Q2
    hL = k =k = k = 0.0826 k
    2g 2 gA2 2 gπ 2 d 2 d4

    For Pipe 1
    10 = hL entry + hf + hL exit
    Q2 0.008 × 100Q 2 Q2
    10 = 0.0826 × 0.5 + + 0.0826 × 1.0
    0.054 3 × 0.055 0.054
    Q = 0.0034 m 3 / s
    Q = 3.4 litres / s

    For Pipe 2
    10 = hL entry + hf + hL exit
    Q 2 0.008 × 100Q 2 Q2
    10 = 0.0826 × 0.5 + + 0.0826 × 1.0
    0.14 3 × 0.15 0.14
    Q = 0.0188 m 3 / s
    Q = 18.8 litres / s

    1.12 Branched pipes


    If pipes connect three reservoirs, as shown in Figure 17, then the problem becomes more complex. One of
    the problems is that it is sometimes difficult to decide which direction fluid will flow. In practice
    solutions are now done by computer techniques that can determine flow direction, however it is useful to
    examine the techniques necessary to solve this problem.

    A B

    C
    D

    Figure 17: The three reservoir problem

    For these problems it is best to use the Darcy equation expressed in terms of discharge – i.e. equation 7.
    fLQ 2
    hf =
    3d 5
    When three or more pipes meet at a junction then the following basic principles apply:
    Dr. Burhan S. Abdulrazzaq

    1. The continuity equation must be obeyed i.e. total flow into the junction must equal total flow out
    of the junction;
    2. at any one point there can only be one value of head, and
    3. Darcy’s equation must be satisfied for each pipe.

    It is usual to ignore minor losses (entry and exit losses) as practical hand calculations become impossible
    – fortunately they are often negligible.

    One problem still to be resolved is that however we calculate friction it will always produce a positive
    drop – when in reality head loss is in the direction of flow. The direction of flow is often obvious, but
    when it is not a direction has to be assumed. If the wrong assumption is made then no physically possible
    solution will be obtained.

    In the figure above the heads at the reservoir are known but the head at the junction D is not. Neither are
    any of the pipe flows known. The flow in pipes 1 and 2 are obviously from A to D and D to C
    respectively. If one assumes that the flow in pipe 2 is from D to B then the following relationships could
    be written:
    z a − hD = h f 1
    hD − z b = h f 2
    hD − z c = h f 3
    Q1 = Q2 + Q3

    The hf expressions are functions of Q, so we have 4 equations with four unknowns, hD, Q1, Q2 and Q3
    which we must solve simultaneously.

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