Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 1K views

    Hazen-Williams Equation

    Uploaded by

    engyassin
    The Hazen–Williams equation relates water flow in pipes to pipe properties and pressure drop due to friction. It uses a roughness coefficient C and is commonly used to design water distribution systems. However, it is only valid for water and does not account for temperature or viscosity variations. The equation can be specialized for full pipes to relate flow rate, pressure drop, pipe diameter, and roughness C factor, with different forms for US customary and SI unit systems.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Hazen-Williams Equation

    Uploaded by

    engyassin
    1K views2 pages
    The Hazen–Williams equation relates water flow in pipes to pipe properties and pressure drop due to friction. It uses a roughness coefficient C and is commonly used to design water distribution systems. However, it is only valid for water and does not account for temperature or viscosity variations. The equation can be specialized for full pipes to relate flow rate, pressure drop, pipe diameter, and roughness C factor, with different forms for US customary and SI unit systems.

    Original Title

    Hazen–Williams Equation

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The Hazen–Williams equation relates water flow in pipes to pipe properties and pressure drop due to friction. It uses a roughness coefficient C and is commonly used to design water distribution systems. However, it is only valid for water and does not account for temperature or viscosity variations. The equation can be specialized for full pipes to relate flow rate, pressure drop, pipe diameter, and roughness C factor, with different forms for US customary and SI unit systems.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    1K views2 pages

    Hazen-Williams Equation

    Uploaded by

    engyassin
    The Hazen–Williams equation relates water flow in pipes to pipe properties and pressure drop due to friction. It uses a roughness coefficient C and is commonly used to design water distribution systems. However, it is only valid for water and does not account for temperature or viscosity variations. The equation can be specialized for full pipes to relate flow rate, pressure drop, pipe diameter, and roughness C factor, with different forms for US customary and SI unit systems.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 2

    Hazen–Williams equation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.

    org/wiki/Hazen%E2%80%93Williams_equation

    From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

    The Hazen–Williams equation is an empirical formula which relates the flow of water in a pipe with the physical properties of
    the pipe and the pressure drop caused by friction. It is used in the design of water pipe systems[1] such as fire sprinkler
    systems[2], water supply networks, and irrigation systems. It is named after Allen Hazen and Gardner Stewart Williams.

    The Hazen–Williams equation has the advantage that the coefficient C is not a function of the Reynolds number, but it has the
    disadvantage that it is only valid for water. Also, it does not account for the temperature or viscosity of the water.[3]

    Contents
    1 General form
    2 Pipe equation
    2.1 U.S. customary units (Imperial)
    2.2 SI units
    3 See also
    4 References
    5 Notes
    6 External links

    General form
    The general form of the equation relates the mean velocity of water in a pipe with the geometric properties of the pipe and slope
    of the energy line.

    where:

    V is velocity
    k is a conversion factor for the unit system (k = 1.318 for US customary units, k = 0.849 for SI units)
    C is a roughness coefficient
    R is the hydraulic radius
    S is the slope of the energy line (head loss per length of pipe or hf/L)

    Typical C factors used in design, which take into account some increase in roughness as pipe ages are as follows:[4]

    Material C Factor low C Factor high Reference


    Asbestos-cement 140 140 -
    Cast iron 100 140 -
    Cement-Mortar Lined Ductile Iron Pipe 140 140 -
    Concrete 100 140 -
    Copper 130 140 -
    Steel 90 110 -
    Galvanized iron 120 120 -
    Polyethylene 140 140 -
    Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) 130 130 -
    Fibre-reinforced plastic (FRP) 150 150 -

    Pipe equation
    The general form can be specialized for full pipe flows. Taking the general form

    1 of 3 02-Mar-11 9:23 AM
    Hazen–Williams equation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazen%E2%80%93Williams_equation

    and exponentiating each side by 1 / 0.54 gives (rounding exponents to 2 decimals)

    Rearranging gives

    The flow rate Q = V A, so

    The hydraulic radius R (which is different from the geometric radius r) for a full pipe of geometric diameter d is d/4; the pipe's
    2
    cross sectional area A is πd / 4, so

    U.S. customary units (Imperial)

    When used to calculate the pressure drop using the US customary units system, the equation is:

    where:

    Pd = pressure drop in pounds per square inch / foot

    Q = flow in gallons per minute

    d = inside pipe diameter (inch)

    SI units

    When used to calculate the pressure drop with the International System of Units, the equation becomes:[5]

    where:

    S = Head loss (in m of water) per m of pipeline


    Q = volumetric flow rate in m3/s
    d = inside pipe diameter in m

    See also
    Darcy–Weisbach equation
    Fluid dynamics
    Friction
    Pressure
    Volumetric flow rate
    Water pipe

    References
    Hazen, A.; Williams, G. S. (1920), Hydraulic Tables (3rd ed.), New York: John Wiley and Sons
    Watkins, James A. (1987), Turf Irrigation Manual (5th ed.), Telsco

    2 of 3 02-Mar-11 9:23 AM

    You might also like