ST130: Basic Statistics

Faculty of Science, Technology & Environment

School of Computing, Information & Mathematical Sciences

Final Examination
Semester 1 2015

F2F & ONLINE Mode

Duration of Exam: 3 hours + 10 minutes

Reading Time: 10 minutes

Writing Time: 3 hours

INSTRUCTIONS:

1. The examination paper consists of two sections:

Section A. (20 marks): This section consists of 20 multiple choice questions worth 1 mark
each. Circle the letter corresponding to the best answer in the Multiple Choice answer sheet
provided.
Section B. (80 marks): This section consists of 8 short answer questions worth 10 marks
each. Write your answers in the answer booklet provided. Start each question on a new page.
2. Show all necessary working as partial marks will be awarded to partially correct answers.
3. ALL questions are compulsory.
4. There are eleven (11) pages in this exam paper.
5. You may use NON PROGRAMABLE calculators.
6. This exam is worth 50% of the overall mark for both Face-to-Face and Online Mode and the
minimum exam mark is 40/100.
7. Eton Statistical Tables and formula sheet are provided.
SECTION A: MULTIPLE CHOICE (20 MARKS)

This section consists of 20 multiple choice questions worth 1 mark each. Circle the letter
corresponding to the best answer in the Multiple Choice answer sheet provided.

1. A variable is a
(A) value of the measurement.
(B) result that varies from sample to sample.
(C) sample drawn from a population in such a way that all its elements are different.
(D) characteristic under study that assumes different values for different elements.

2. If an educator classified the student progress as excellent, good, satisfactory and poor, this would
be an example of which level of measurement?
(A) Nominal (B) Ordinal (C) Interval (D) Ratio

3. Under descriptive statistics, we study

(A) the method for organizing, displaying, and describing data.
(B) the description of decision making tricks.
(C) how to describe the probability distribution.
(D) none of the given choices above.

4. The following box and whisker plot was constructed for the age of accounts receivable.

The box and whisker plot reveals that the accounts receivable ages are _______.
(A) skewed to the left (B) skewed to the right
(C) not skewed (D) normally distributed

5. What type of sampling is being employed if the country is divided into economic classes and a
sample is chosen from each class to be surveyed?
(A) Simple random (B) Stratified (C) Systematic (D) Cluster.

Page 2 of 11
 The following information is for Question 6 and 7.

Consider the following frequency distribution:

Class Interval Frequency

10-under 20 15
20-under 30 25
30-under 40 10

6. What is the midpoint of the first class?

(A) 10 (B) 15 (C) 20 (D) 30

7. What is the class width for the frequency distribution above?

(A) 10 (B) 15 (C) 20 (D) 30

8. What type of probability uses sample spaces to determine the numerical probability that an event
will occur?
(A) classical probability (B) empirical probability
(C) subjective probability (D) null probability

9. Tree diagrams are useful for

(A) Illustrating the law of large numbers
(B) Finding all possible outcomes in a probability experiment
(C) Showing that the outcome is the set of all possible sample spaces
(D) All of the above

10. When the outcome or occurrence of the first event does affect the outcome or occurrence of
the second event in such a way that the probability is changed, the events are said to be
(A) independent events. (B) dependent events.
(C) mutually exclusive events. (D) non-mutually exclusive events.

11. The number of adults living in homes in a randomly selected town in Fiji is described by the
following probability distribution.

Number of adults, X 1 2 3 4 or more

Probability, P(x) 0.25 0.50 0.15 ???

What is the probability that 3 or more adults reside at a randomly selected home?
(A) 0.10 (B) 0.15
(C) 0.25 (D) There is not enough information to answer the question.

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12. If X is a normal random variable with mean 4 and standard deviation 2.0, then find the value x
such that P(Z > x) is equal to 0.7054, as shown below. (Note: the diagram is not necessarily to
scale.)

x
(A) 2.92 (B) 3.28 (C) 3.46 (D) 4.61

13. The probability of committing a Type I error is called _______.

(A) the power of the test (B) beta
(C) the level of significance (D) reliability

14. Consider the following null and alternative hypotheses.

Ho: µ ≤ 79
H1: µ > 79
These hypotheses
(A) indicate a one-tailed test with a rejection area in the left tail.
(B) are established incorrectly.
(C) indicate a two-tailed test.
(D) indicate a one-tailed test with a rejection area in the right tail.

15. Mr. Fong is evaluating two sites, USP Laucala Campus and Raiwaqa Top-Shop, for his next
restaurant. He wants to prove that USP residents (population 1) dine out more often than
Raiwaqa Top-Shop residents (population 2). Mr. Fong plans to test this hypothesis using a
random sample of 81 families from each community. His null hypothesis is __________.
(A)  1 – 2 < 0 (B) 1 – 20 (C) 1 – 2 > 0 (D) 1 – 2 = 0

16. If there is a strong negative linear relationship between the variables, the value of the correlation
coefficient, r , will be
(A) close to 1. (B) close to -1. (C) close to 0. (D) close to -0.5.

17. In regression, the variable being predicted is usually referred to as the

(A) dependent variable. (B) independent variable.

(C) coefficient of correlation. (D) coefficient of determination.

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18. The null hypothesis for the chi-square test of independence is that the variables are
(A) Dependent. (B) Related.

(C) Independent. (D) Always 0.

19. Determining the table value for the F-distribution is different from finding values in the t-
distribution tables because the F-table requires _____ value(s) for degrees of freedom.
(A) one (B) two (C) three (D) more than three

20. The alternative hypothesis in the ANOVA is that all the means are
(A) equal. (B) variable.

(C) unequal. (D) none of the above.

Page 5 of 11
SECTION B: SHORT ANSWERS (80 MARKS)

This section consists of 8 short answer questions worth 10 marks each. Write your answers in
the answer booklet provided. Show all necessary working as partial marks will be awarded to
partially correct answers.

Question 1 Start on a new page [4+4+2 = 10 marks]

The amount of protein (in grams) for a variety of fast food burgers in Suva is reported here

32 47 51 41 46 30 46 38 34 34 52 48 48 38 43

41 20 24 25 29 33 45 51 32 32 27 23 23 34 35

(A) Construct a frequency distribution table using 5 classes, start your first group with the smallest
value in the data.

(B) Draw the ‘ogive’ or the cumulative frequency graph for this distribution.

(C) Find the median for this distribution

Question 2 Start on a new page [6+4 = 10 marks]

(A) The following frequency distribution table gives the number of hours spent per week on
internet by 100 students of ST130.

Hours per week Frequency

0-4 14
4-8 18
8-12 25
12-16 18
16-20 16
20-24 9

i) Calculate the mean of the number of hours spend per week on internet by a student.
ii) Find the variance of the number of hours per week on internet by a student.
[3+3=6 marks]

Page 6 of 11
(B) A teacher gives a 100-point test to 20 students. The scores are shown in a stem-and-leaf plot
here.
3 0 4 7 8
4 0 2 7 7 9
5 1 5 5 6
6 0 0 1 8
7 0 2
9 0

Give an outlier(s), if there are any in this set of data.

Question 3 Start on a new page [2+2+3+3 = 10 marks]

(A) If a card is picked from a pack of 52 cards, find the probability of selecting a red or a 5.

(B) In a recent study, the following data was obtained in response to the question, “Do you favour
exercising?”

Gender Yes No No Opinion

Male 25 15 10
Female 30 10 10

If a person is picked at random, what is the probability that the person is male given he has no
opinion regarding exercising?

(C) According to an Internet posting, 80% of adults enjoy drinking beer. Choose a group of 3
adults at random. What is the probability that none of them enjoy drinking beer? (Assume
independence)

(D) If the letters A, B, C, D, E, and F are to be used in a five-letter code, what is the probability of
having a code with A as the first letter in the code and repetitions are not permitted?

Page 7 of 11
Question 4 Start on a new page [3+4+3= 10 marks]

(A) Eight people apply for a job as assistant manager of restaurants. Five have completed college
and three have not. If a manager selects three applicants at random, construct a probability
distribution for selecting those that have completed college.

(B) The delivery time for all food orders at a fast-food restaurant in Suva during the lunch hour is
normally distributed with mean of 6.7 minutes and a standard deviation of 2.1 minutes. Find
the probability that the mean delivery time for a random sample of 50 such orders at this
restaurant is within 0.5 minute of the population mean.

(C) A medical researcher wishes to determine the percentage of females who take vitamins. He
wishes to be 99% confident that the estimate is within 2 percentage points of the true
proportion. A recent study of 180 females showed that 25% took vitamins. How large should
the sample size be?

Question 5 Start on a new page [5+5 = 10 marks]

(A) It was reported that 54% of kids said that they had snack after school. A random sample of 60
kids was selected, and 44 said that they had snack after school. Use   0.02 and the P-value
method to test the claim.

(B) A biologist conducts an experiment to determine whether feeding a certain chemical to

laboratory rats decrease their mean reaction time. 60 rats are fed the chemical, and 75 rats are
kept as control group. The biologist knows that the reaction times are normally distributed with
a standard deviation of 0.94 seconds. The sample of 60 rats fed the chemical has a mean
reaction time of 5.91 seconds and the control group of 75 rats has a mean reaction of 6.14
seconds. At   0.01, can the biologists conclude that the reaction time decreased?

Question 6 Start on a new page [2+4+4 = 10 marks]

A study is conducted to determine the relationship between a driver’s age and the number of
accidents he or she has over a 1-year period.

Driver’s age, X 53 65 60 38 66 67 59
No. of accidents, Y 4 3 1 6 3 1 4
accidents, y

(A) Compute the value of the correlation coefficient.

(B) Interpret the value of the correlation coefficient.
(C) Test the significance of the correlation coefficient at   0.05.

Page 8 of 11
Question 7 Start on a new page [5+5 = 10 marks]

(A) The Nabua bread shop owner is interested in investigating whether the colour of her cream has
any impact on the cream bun sales. To test this, she used different food colourings (blue, green,
orange, red, and yellow) to colour her cream instead of her usual white cream. Her daughter
studied ST130 helps her in this. She found from the result that the test value is
 O  E 
2

 2
  19.329 .
E

Using a 1% significance level, test the null hypothesis that the number of cream bun sold of
each of these five colours is the same.

(B) A survey at the Hibiscus Festival shows the selection of snacks purchased given below:

Snack

Gender Hot Dog Ice Cream Popcorn

Male 12 21 19

Female 13 8 25

At   0.1 , Maria performed the hypothesis test to determine whether the snack chosen is
independent to the gender of the customer, but could not complete it as shown below:

Maria’s Solution:

Hypothesis:
H 0 : Gender and snack choice are not related

H1 : Gender has an effect the choice of the snack.

Critical Value:

Degrees of freedom:   (r  1)(c  1) = (2 – 1)(3 – 1) = 2.

Complete Maria’s solution and give your conclusion for the test.

Page 9 of 11
Question 8 Start on a new page [1+3+4+2=10 marks]

A USP researcher wishes to see whether there is any difference in the weight gains of athletes
following one of the three diets. Athletes are randomly assigned to three groups and placed on the
diet for 6 weeks. The weight gains (in pounds) are shown here. At   0.05 test the claim that there
is no difference among the means. The data are shown.

Diet A Diet B Diet C

3 10 8
6 12 3
7 11 2
4 14 5

A computer printout, the ANOVA Summary table for this problem is shown below.

Anova: Single Factor

SUMMARY

Groups Count Sum Average Variance

Diet A 4 20 5 3.333333

Diet B 4 47 11.75 2.916667

Diet C 4 18 4.5 7

ANOVA

Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value

Between Groups 131.1667 2 65.58333 14.84906 0.001411

Within Groups 39.75 9 4.416667

Total 170.9167 11

Use all the given information above to answer the following :

(A) State the hypothesis and identify the claim.
(B) Find the critical value.
(C) Compute the test value.
(D) Give your decision and summarize the result of the test.

   END OF EXAM   

Page 10 of 11
FORMULAE

 f .X  f . X    f .X 
2
2
m /n
1. X m
and S 2
 m
.
n n 1
2. P( A or B) P( A)  P( B)  P( A and B).
P( A and B)
3. P( B A)  .
P( A)
n
4. P ( X )    p X q n  X .
X
X 
5. z  .
/ n
pˆ  p
6. z  .
pq / n

7. z 
X 1  X 2    1  2 
.
 12  22

n1 n2
n   xy     x   y 
8. r  .
n  x    x   n  y     y  
     
2 2 2 2

n2
9. t  r .
1 r2
10. The regression line y '  a  bx, where

a
  y    x     x   xy  ;
2

b
n   xy     x   y 
.
n  x    x n   x2     x 
2 2 2

(O  E )
11.   
2
2
.
E

Page 11 of 11
 ST130 Semester 1 2015

SECTION A – MULTIPLE CHOICE ANSWER SHEET (20 MARKS)

Circle the best answer.

1 A B C D 11 A B C D
2 A B C D 12 A B C D
3 A B C D 13 A B C D
4 A B C D 14 A B C D
5 A B C D 15 A B C D
6 A B C D 16 A B C D
7 A B C D 17 A B C D
8 A B C D 18 A B C D
9 A B C D 19 A B C D
10 A B C D 20 A B C D