Project IN Math: A. What Is The Origin of The Term, "Logarithm"? Who First Coined This Word?

PROJECT
IN
MATH
Given :
A. What is the origin of the term, “logarithm”? Who first coined this word?
Logarithm is a mathematical function used to shorten calculations which literally means “ratio - number,”
from Greek word 'logos' — “proportion, ratio, word” + 'arithmos' — “number”
In particular, the Scottish Mathematician named John Napier published his work on logarithms in 1614 under
the title “Mirifici Logarithmorum Canonis Descriptio,” which translates literally as “A Description of the
Wonderful Table of Logarithms.” Indeed, the very title Napier selected reveals his high ambitions for this
technique---the provision of tables based on a relation that would be nothing short of “wonder-working” for
practitioners. As well as providing a short overview of the mathematical details, Napier gave technical
expression to his concept.
B. Differentiate exponential Growth and Decay and give each example
Exponential Growth is when the number of some entity increases rapidly in an exponential manner over
time. An exponential growth mathematical function is one in which numbers multiply in size as time
progresses.
While Exponential Decay is when numbers decrease over time in an exponential fashion, thus the result
looks something like a repeated division. An exponential equation is still involved but the exponent is such that
the values keep decreasing or decaying over time.
EXAMPLE :
Exponential Growth : y = a ( 1 + r ) ˣ
where;
a = initial growth
r = growth rate
x = time elapsed
The population of a hometown in Scotland in 2019 was estimated to be 35,000 in that year. The population is
expected to grow with an annual increase of 2.4% every year. What is the growth factor of home town in
Scotland and use the estimate to calculate the population of the hometown for the next 4 years?
a = 35,000 r = 2.4% x = 4 years
Solution :
y = 35,000 (1+0.024)⁴
y = 35,000 (1.024)⁴
y = 35,000 (1.0995116278)
y = 38,482.91 / 38,482.5
38, 482. 91 / 38,482.5 estimated population of the hometown for the next 4 years
Exponential Decay : y = a ( 1 - r ) ˣ
where ;
a = initial count
r = rate of decay
x = time elapsed
The half-life of caffeine in your body is about 6 hours. If you had 1 cup of coffeee 9 hours ago how much is
left in your system?
a=1 r = 0.5 x = 1.5
Solution :
y = 1 ( 1 - 0.5 ) ⁹ / ⁶
y =1 (.5) ¹.⁵
y = 0.35
After 9 hours the amount left in your system is about 0.35 of the original amount.
C. Why you do think an exponential function is transcendental function?
A transcendental function is an analytic function that icannot be expressed in terms of a finite sequence of
the algebraic operations of addition, multiplication, and root extraction. Examples of transcendental functions
include the exponential function, the logarithm, and the trigonometric functions.
The following functions are transcendental:
f1 ( x )  x 
f 2 ( x)  c x
f 3 ( x)  x x
1
f4 (x)  x x  x x
f 5 ( x )  log c x
f 6 ( x )  sin x
Since an exponential function f is defined by f(x) = cˣ,
where c > 0 and c ≠ 1. The exponent x is any real number and f is called an exponential function. That's why it
is a transcendental function.
: Note that the variable x is in the exponent as opposed to the base when we are dealing with an exponential
function. Also note that in this definition, the base c is restricted to being a positive number other than 1.
D. How do you distinguish exponential function from other kinds of function
An exponential function carries a variable with an exponent of greater than 1, such as y = x² + x + 9. A linear
function does not : y = 7x + 1. When you graph a linear function you will get a constant sloping line. It could
be positive or negative, steep or flat. When graphing an exponential function you will find the graph contains
"turns" (where the graph may go from concave to convex and vice versa). It may oscillate, contain "breaks"
(asymptotes), maximums, minimums, etc. but unlike logarithm function, you can easily knew their difference
because logarithm function is the inverse of the exponential function

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PROJECT

B. Differentiate exponential Growth and Decay and give each example

a = 35,000 r = 2.4% x = 4 years

a=1 r = 0.5 x = 1.5

C. Why you do think an exponential function is transcendental function?

The following functions are transcendental:

Since an exponential function f is defined by f(x) = cˣ,

D. How do you distinguish exponential function from other kinds of function

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