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    PHT Lect July 28, Tues

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    Hafiz hassan
    1. The document discusses various empirical correlations for calculating heat transfer coefficients in laminar and turbulent flow in tubes, pipes, and annuli. It provides equations from sources like Seider-Tate and Gnielinski for both internal and external heat transfer coefficients. 2. Methods for calculating the film coefficient for water flow inside tubes are presented from several sources, relating it to parameters like fluid velocity, mean temperature, and tube diameter. 3. Correlations for determining the shell-side heat transfer coefficient are also given from references like Serth & Lestina, relating the coefficient to Reynolds number, baffle configuration, and tube arrangement. 4. Typical tube pass arrangements in shell and tube heat exch

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    PHT Lect July 28, Tues

    Uploaded by

    Hafiz hassan
    32 views8 pages
    1. The document discusses various empirical correlations for calculating heat transfer coefficients in laminar and turbulent flow in tubes, pipes, and annuli. It provides equations from sources like Seider-Tate and Gnielinski for both internal and external heat transfer coefficients. 2. Methods for calculating the film coefficient for water flow inside tubes are presented from several sources, relating it to parameters like fluid velocity, mean temperature, and tube diameter. 3. Correlations for determining the shell-side heat transfer coefficient are also given from references like Serth & Lestina, relating the coefficient to Reynolds number, baffle configuration, and tube arrangement. 4. Typical tube pass arrangements in shell and tube heat exch

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    1. The document discusses various empirical correlations for calculating heat transfer coefficients in laminar and turbulent flow in tubes, pipes, and annuli. It provides equations from sources like Seider-Tate and Gnielinski for both internal and external heat transfer coefficients. 2. Methods for calculating the film coefficient for water flow inside tubes are presented from several sources, relating it to parameters like fluid velocity, mean temperature, and tube diameter. 3. Correlations for determining the shell-side heat transfer coefficient are also given from references like Serth & Lestina, relating the coefficient to Reynolds number, baffle configuration, and tube arrangement. 4. Typical tube pass arrangements in shell and tube heat exch

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    32 views8 pages

    PHT Lect July 28, Tues

    Uploaded by

    Hafiz hassan
    1. The document discusses various empirical correlations for calculating heat transfer coefficients in laminar and turbulent flow in tubes, pipes, and annuli. It provides equations from sources like Seider-Tate and Gnielinski for both internal and external heat transfer coefficients. 2. Methods for calculating the film coefficient for water flow inside tubes are presented from several sources, relating it to parameters like fluid velocity, mean temperature, and tube diameter. 3. Correlations for determining the shell-side heat transfer coefficient are also given from references like Serth & Lestina, relating the coefficient to Reynolds number, baffle configuration, and tube arrangement. 4. Typical tube pass arrangements in shell and tube heat exch

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    Flow Regime Flow Channel Empirical Correlation for Film Coefficient Constraints

    Seider-Tate Equation 𝑹𝒆 < 𝟐𝟏𝟎𝟎


    𝟎. 𝟓 < 𝑷𝒓 < 𝟏𝟕𝟎𝟎𝟎
    𝑹𝒆𝑷𝒓 𝟏/𝟑 𝑹𝒆𝑷𝒓 𝟏/𝟑 𝟎.𝟏𝟒
    𝑵𝒖 = 𝟏. 𝟖𝟔 𝝓𝟎.𝟏𝟒 𝝓 >𝟐
    𝒙 𝒙
    Laminar Flow Tube or Pipe 𝑬 = ±𝟐𝟓%
    𝟏
    Ref: Serth’s PHT, 2nd Ed; Page: 101. 𝑹𝒆𝑷𝒓 𝟑 𝟎.𝟏𝟒
    𝑵𝒖 = 𝟑. 𝟔𝟔 ∀ 𝝓 < 𝟐 which corresponds to
    𝒙
    𝒉𝑫 𝝁𝑪𝒑 𝝆𝑫𝑼 𝝁 𝑳 laminar flow in an infinitely long pipe with constant
    [𝑵𝒖 = , 𝑷𝒓 = , 𝑹𝒆 = , 𝝓 = 𝝁 𝒄 , 𝒙 = 𝑫]
    𝒌 𝒌 𝝁 𝒘 wall temperature.
    𝑹𝒆 > 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
    Seider-Tate Equation 𝟎. 𝟓 < 𝑷𝒓 < 𝟏𝟕𝟎𝟎𝟎
    𝟏𝟎 < 𝒙 < 𝟔𝟎
    Tube, Pipe or
    Turbulent Flow 𝑵𝒖 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟑𝑹𝒆𝟎.𝟖 𝑷𝒓𝟏/𝟑 𝝓𝟎.𝟏𝟒 𝟏 + 𝒙−𝟐/𝟑 𝑬 = ±𝟐𝟎
    Annulus
    Holds good for gases, low viscosity liquids such as
    Ref: Serth’s PHT, 2nd Ed; Page: 101. water, organic solvents and light hydrocarbons when
    𝟎. 𝟓 < 𝑷𝒓 < 𝟏𝟎𝟎
    Gnielinski Equation

    Transition as 𝒇𝑫 /𝟖 𝑹𝒆 − 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝑷𝒓
    𝑵𝒖 = 𝟏 + 𝒙−𝟐/𝟑 𝟐𝟏𝟎𝟎 < 𝑹𝒆 < 𝟏𝟎𝟔
    well as Tube, Pipe or
    𝟏 + 𝟏𝟐. 𝟕 𝒇𝑫 /𝟖 𝑷𝒓𝟐/𝟑 − 𝟏 𝟎. 𝟔 < 𝑷𝒓 < 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎
    Turbulent Flow Annulus
    𝒇𝑫 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟖𝟐 𝐥𝐧 𝑹𝒆 − 𝟏. 𝟓𝟏 −𝟐 … CBWE 𝑬 = ±𝟐𝟎%

    Ref: Serth’ PHT, 2nd Ed; Page: 40.


    Hausen Equation
    Tube, Pipe or
    Transition Flow 𝟐𝟏𝟎𝟎 < 𝑹𝒆 < 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
    Annulus 𝟐/𝟑 𝟏/𝟑 𝟎.𝟏𝟒 −𝟐/𝟑
    𝑵𝒖 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟏𝟔 𝑹𝒆 − 𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝑷𝒓 𝝓 𝟏+𝒙

    Also See Heat Exchangers by Kakac & Liu, 3rd Ed; Table: 3.1, 3.3, 3.6, 3.7, Page: 94, 96, 108, 109-110.
    Film coefficient for water (inside tube or pipe):
    1. HT in Process Eng. By Cao, McGraw-Hill, USA, 2010, Page: 96.
    1423 1 + 0.0146𝑇𝐴𝑀 𝑈 0.8
    ℎ𝑖 = ⟹ ℎ𝑖 = 𝑓 𝑈, 𝑇𝐴𝑀 , 𝑑𝑖
    𝑑𝑖0.2
    𝑊 𝑚
    ℎ𝑖 ≡ 2 , 𝑇𝐴𝑀 ≡ ℃ , 𝑈 ≡ , 𝑑𝑖 ≡ 𝑚
    𝑚 𝐾 𝑠
    2. Chem. Eng. By Coulson & Richardson, Vol: 1, Ed: 6th, Page: 521.
    ℎ𝑖 = 4280 1 + 0.00488𝑇𝐴𝑀 𝑈 0.8 /𝑑𝑖0.2 ⟹ ℎ𝑖 = 𝑓 𝑈, 𝑇𝐴𝑀 , 𝑑𝑖
    𝑊 𝑚
    ℎ𝑖 ≡ 2 , 𝑇𝐴𝑀 ≡ 𝐾 , 𝑈 ≡ , 𝑑𝑖 ≡ 𝑚
    𝑚 𝐾 𝑠
    3. PHT by Kern, Fig: 25, Page: 835
    ℎ𝑖 = 𝑓 𝑈 ቚ𝑑𝑜=0.75 𝑖𝑛 ∗ 𝐶 𝑑𝑖 ⟹ ℎ𝑖 = 𝑓 𝑈, 𝑇𝑚 , 𝑑𝑖 , 𝑑𝑜
    𝑇 ℉
    𝐵𝑡𝑢 𝑓𝑡
    ℎ𝑖 ≡ 2
    , 𝑈 ≡ , 𝑑𝑖 ≡ 𝑖𝑛 , 𝑑𝑜 ≡ 𝑖𝑛 , 𝑇 ≡ ℉
    ℎ𝑟𝑓𝑡 ℉ 𝑠
    Kern, Fig: 25, Page: 835
    Shell-side Heat Transfer Coefficient:
    1. PHT by Serth & Lestina, Ed: 2nd, Page: 89
    𝑁𝑢 = 𝑗𝐻 𝑃𝑟1/3 𝜙 0.14
    𝑗𝐻 = 0.5 1 + 𝐵Τ𝐷𝑖 0.08𝑅𝑒 0.6821 + 0.7𝑅𝑒 0.1722
    Alternatively, 𝑗𝐻 can be determined by using Fig: 3.17, Page: 89.
    a. Tube: Plane or finned
    b. Baffle type: Segmental
    c. Baffle cut: 20%
    d. Pairs of sealing strips per 10 tube rows: 1
    e. Reynolds number is based on equivalent diameter
    PHT by Kern, Page:137
    𝑁𝑢 = 0.36𝑅𝑒 0.55 𝑃𝑟1/3 𝜙 0.14
    𝑁𝑢 = 𝑗𝐻 𝑃𝑟1/3 𝜙 0.14 ⟹ 𝑗𝐻 = 0.36𝑅𝑒 0.55
    2 ∗ 103 ≤ 𝑅𝑒 ≤ 106
    Baffle type: Segmental
    Baffle cut: 25%
    Alternatively Fig: 28, Page: 838 may be used which involves
    𝑗𝐻 = 𝑓 𝑅𝑒, 𝑑𝑜 , 𝑃𝑡 , 𝜃, ℎ for 25% cut segmental baffles.
    Typical Tube Pass Arrangements:
    1. Ribbon (Horizontal partitions)
    2. Quadrant (Cross partition)
    3. H-banded (Mixed partition)

    Criterion of pass partitions:


    Number of passes should be selected in such a way that
    temperature correction factor, fluid velocity, pressure drop and
    dynamic pressure are acceptable. Furthermore, pass partition
    configuration should be selected in such a way that temperature
    difference between adjacent sectors in each head is less than
    𝟓𝟎℉ 𝟐𝟖℃ otherwise high temperature gradients may cause
    undesirable thermal stresses on the tube sheet.

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