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    Ravine Erosion

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    gurupreet singh
    This document discusses the conservation of gullies and ravines. It begins by defining a gully and ravine, noting that ravines are typically larger in scale than gullies. The document then lists the natural and man-made causative factors that can lead to gully and ravine formation, such as rainfall, flooding, deforestation, overgrazing, and construction. It describes the process of ravine formation through different stages of erosion. Finally, it discusses different types of mechanical and biological control measures that can be implemented to conserve gullies and ravines, such as check dams, gabion structures, afforestation, and cover crops.

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    Ravine Erosion

    Uploaded by

    gurupreet singh
    222 views26 pages
    This document discusses the conservation of gullies and ravines. It begins by defining a gully and ravine, noting that ravines are typically larger in scale than gullies. The document then lists the natural and man-made causative factors that can lead to gully and ravine formation, such as rainfall, flooding, deforestation, overgrazing, and construction. It describes the process of ravine formation through different stages of erosion. Finally, it discusses different types of mechanical and biological control measures that can be implemented to conserve gullies and ravines, such as check dams, gabion structures, afforestation, and cover crops.

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    Ravine erosion

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    This document discusses the conservation of gullies and ravines. It begins by defining a gully and ravine, noting that ravines are typically larger in scale than gullies. The document then lists the natural and man-made causative factors that can lead to gully and ravine formation, such as rainfall, flooding, deforestation, overgrazing, and construction. It describes the process of ravine formation through different stages of erosion. Finally, it discusses different types of mechanical and biological control measures that can be implemented to conserve gullies and ravines, such as check dams, gabion structures, afforestation, and cover crops.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    222 views26 pages

    Ravine Erosion

    Uploaded by

    gurupreet singh
    This document discusses the conservation of gullies and ravines. It begins by defining a gully and ravine, noting that ravines are typically larger in scale than gullies. The document then lists the natural and man-made causative factors that can lead to gully and ravine formation, such as rainfall, flooding, deforestation, overgrazing, and construction. It describes the process of ravine formation through different stages of erosion. Finally, it discusses different types of mechanical and biological control measures that can be implemented to conserve gullies and ravines, such as check dams, gabion structures, afforestation, and cover crops.

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    CONSERVATION OF

    GULLIES AND RAVINES


    GROUP MEMBERS

    AJAY PRATAP SINGH(64)


    ABHISHEK KUMAR SRIVASTAVA(65)
    RITU SINGH(66)
    CONTENT
    Introduction
    Causative factors
    Process of formation
    Gully
    A gully is a landform created by
    running water, eroding sharply
    into soil, typically on ahillside. Gullies
    resemble large ditches or
    small valleys, but are metres to tens of
    metres in depth and width.
    RAVINE

    A very small valley.


    Product of streamcutting erosion.

    Typically classified as larger in


    scale than gullies, although smaller than
    valleys
    CAUSATIVE FACTORS

    Natural Factors.
    Man-made Factors.
    1) Constant Rainfall:
    Monthly distribution.
    Rainfall Intensity & Run-off.
    Rapid Snowmelts.
    2) Prolonged inundation and impact
    of back water during high floods.
     Improper land use.
     Forest and grass fires.
     Overgrazing.
     Mining.
     Road construction.
     Livestock and vehicle trails.
     Destructive logging.
    Ravine formation is the
    cumulative results of:
    Indiscriminative destruction of
    forests or vegetation.
    Unplanned cultivation.
    Destructive grazing and
    Severe water erosion.
    Formation of Ravine
    Splash Erosion

    Sheet Erosion

    Rill Erosion

    Gully Erosion

    Ravine
    Ravine and Gully types

     U and V shaped Ravines:


    1) It can classified based on the shape of
    their cross-section.
    2) Both U and V shaped Ravines may be
    found in same channels.
    U AND V SHAPE RAVINES
     Ravines spread – 3.67 million hectares along
    the river and tributaries.
     It spreading at the Rate of about 0.5%
    annually.
     Serious ravine intrusions.
     Beas in Punjab
     Chambal in Madhya Pradesh.
     Kalisind, Banas, Morel and
     Gambhir in Rajasthan.
     Yamuna in Uttar Pradesh.
     Mahi, Sabarwati, Narmada and Tapti in
    Gujarat.
    State Ravine area(lakh
    ha)
    12.30
    UP
    6.83
    MP
    6.50
    Bihar
    4.52
    Rajasthan
    4.00
    Gujarat
    1.20
    Pune and Haryana
    1.04
    West Bengal
    0.62
    Tamil Nadu
    0.20
    Maharastra
    37.00
    Total
    Types of Control Measures

     Mechanical

     Biological
    Mechanical Measures

    1)Check Dam
     Bolder check dam
     Loose stone check dam
     Log&Pole check dam
    Gabion Structures
     Wire woven baskets filled with stones
     Adoptable: High slope & Heavy rainfall areas
     Constructed across small stream to conserve
    stream flows with practically no submergence
    beyond stream course
     The height of such structure is around 0.5m
    & normally used in the streams with width of
    about 10 to 15m
    Contd…

    Percolation Tanks

     Embankments across natural depressions


     It is permanent method
     Control Storm Water Flow
     Temporary Underground Water Storage
     Infiltration of Water into Surrounding Soil
     Storing Water for Re-use
    Nala Bunds
     Earthen embankments across nala
     It is permanent method
    Biological Measures
    Strip Planting
     Growing of different crops on alternate strips of
    ground that usually follow the contour of the
    land
     To minimize erosion
    2)COVER CROP
    Any annual,biennial or perenial plant grown as
    monoculture or polyculture.
    To improve soil fertility,soil quality and water
    infiltration.
    3)Afforestation
    Planting the trees along the edges of
    the feilds,the wastelands and the
    steepy slopes to prevent erosion.
    Research center for Ravine
    The Central Soil & water conservation
    research and training institute,Research
    Center.(CSWCRTIR)
    It has carried out research at last 25 years
    investigations to control of gullies and
    reclamation of Ravines,Especially onthe
    banksof Mahi river in Gujarat.
    References
     M.P.SINGH,D N TIWARI(1996) Agroforestry
    &Wasteland.
     www.thisland.illinois.edu/60ways/images/
     http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-
    national/tp-newdelhi/destruction-of-ravines-
    poses-threat-to-indian-
    wolf/article2804572.ece
     www.wikkipedia.org
    Thank You

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