English for Academic and

Professional Purposes
QUARTER 1– MODULE 2:
Text Structure
English for Academic and Professional Purposes
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1-Module 2: Text Structure
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293. Section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in
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Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
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represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Ma. Ragie P. Tabotabo
Editor: Desiree T. Roberts
Reviewers: Marivic Yballe (Moderator)
Dr. Clavel D. Salinas
Illustrator: Ma. Ragie P. Tabotabo
Layout Artist: Ma. Ragie P. Tabotabo

Management Team

Schools Division Superintendent: Dr. Marilyn S. Andales, CESO V

Assistant Schools Division Superintendents: Dr. Cartesa M. Perico
Dr. Ester A. Futalan
Dr. Leah B. Apao
Chief, CID: Dr. Mary Ann P. Flores
Chief, SGOD: Dr. Novie O. Mangubat
EPS—LRMDS: Mr. Isaiash T. Wagas
SHS Division Coordinator: Dr. Clavel D. Salinas

Printed in the Philippines by:

Department of Education– Region VII, Division of Cebu Province
Office Address: IPHO Bldg. Sudlon, Lahug, Cebu City
Telefax: (032) 255-6405
Email Address: cebu.province@deped.gov.ph
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English for Academic
and Professional
Purposes
QUARTER 1– MODULE 2:
Text Structure

iii
 Key Message

For the Facilitator:

Learning is a constant process. Amidst inevitable circumstances, Department of

Education extends their resources and looks for varied ways to cater your needs and to
adapt to the new system of Education as a fortress of Learning Continuity Plan. One of the
probable solutions is the use of Teacher-made Educational Modules in teaching.

You are reading the English for Academic and Professional Purposes—Senior High
School First Quarter Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on “Uses knowledge of
text structure to glean the information he/she needs(CS_EN11/12A-EAPP-Iac-4)” as
written and found in the K-12 Most Essential Learning Competencies.

The creation of this module is a combined effort of competent educators from

different levels and various schools of Department of Education-Cebu Province. In addition,
this module is meticulously planned, organized, checked and verified by knowledgeable
educators to assist you in imparting the lessons to the learners while considering the
physical, social and economical restraints in teaching process.

The use of Teacher-made Educational Module aims to surpass the challenges of

teaching in a new normal education set-up. Through this module, the students are given
independent learning activities, which embodies in the Most Essential Learning
Competencies based from the K-12 Curriculum Competencies, to work on in accordance to
their capability, efficiency and time. Thus, helping the learners acquire the prerequisite 21 st
Century skills needed with emphasis on utmost effort in considering the whole well being of
the learners.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the
module:

Notes to the Teacher!

This part of the module gives you

helpful tips, suggestions or strategies
that will make the learning process easy
and efficient to the learners.

As the main source of learning, it is your top priority to explain clearly on how to use
this module to the learners. While using this module, learner’s progress and development
should be recorded verbatim to assess their strengths and weaknesses while doing the
activities presented independently in safety of their homes. Moreover, you are anticipated
to persuade learners to comply and to finish the modules on or before the scheduled time.

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For the Learner:

As a significant stakeholder of learning, Department of Education

researched and explored on innovative ways to address your needs with high
consideration on social, economic, physical and emotional aspects of your well being. To
continue the learning process, DepEd comes up with an Alternative Delivery mode of
teaching using Teacher-Made Educational Modules.

You are reading the English for Academic and Professional Purposes—Senior
High School First Quarter Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on “Uses
knowledge of text structure to glean the information he/she needs (CS_EN11/12A-
EAPP-Iac-4)” as written and found in the K-12 Most Essential Learning
Competencies.

This module is especially crafted for you to grasp the opportunity to

continue learning even at home. Using guided and independent learning
activities, rest assured that you will be able to take pleasure as well as to deeply
understand the contents of the lesson presented; recognizing your own capacity and
capability in acquiring knowledge.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

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At the end of this module you will also find:

References Printed in this part is a list of all reliable and valid

resources used in crafting and designing this
module.

In using this module, keep note of the fundamental reminders below.

1. The module is government owned. Handle it with care.

Unnecessary marks are prohibited. Use a separate sheet
of paper in answering all the given exercises.

2. This module is organized according to the level of

understanding. Skipping one part of this module may lead
you to confusion and misinterpretation.
3. The instructions are carefully laden for you to understand
the given lessons. Read each items cautiously.
4. This is a Home-based class, your reliability and honor in
doing the tasks and checking your answers are a must.
5. This module helps you attain and learn lessons at home.

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 Make sure to clearly comprehend the first activity before
proceeding to the next one.
6. This module should be returned in good condition to your
teacher/facilitator once you completed it.
7. Answers should be written on a separate sheet of paper or
notebook especially prepared for this subject

If you wish to talk to your teacher/educator, do not hesitate to keep in touch

with him/her for further discussion. Know that even if this is a home-based class,
your teacher is only a call away. Good communication between the teacher and
the student is our priority to flourish your understanding on the given lessons.

We do hope that in using this material, you will gain ample knowledge and
skills for you to be fully equipped and ready to answer the demands of the
globally competitive world. We are confident in you! Keep soaring high!

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 WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

Good day, dear learner!

This module is solely prepared for you to access and to acquire lessons
befitted in your grade level. The exercises, drills and assessments are carefully
made to suit your level of understanding. Indeed, this learning resource is for
you to fully comprehend the Academic Text Structure. Independently, you are
going to go through this module following its proper sequence. Although you are
going to do it alone, this is a guided lesson and instructions/directions on how to
do every activity is plotted for your convenience.

Using this learning resource, you are ought to use knowledge of text
structure to glean the information he/she needs(CS_EN11/12A-EAPP-Iac-
4), as inculcated in the K-12 Most Essential Learning Competencies.

At the end of this module, you are expected to achieve the following
objectives:

A. Identify the different structures of a text;

B. Determine the text structure used in a text;
C. Create a graphic organizer appropriate for the text structure
employed in a text; and
D. Relate the acquired information with one’s life experience.

I. Directions: Read the following passages and

WHAT I KNOW identify the text structure being used. Choose your
answer from the box.

Problem and Solution Exemplification/Classification

Persuasion Comparison and Contrast
Cause and Effect Chronological Order
Sequence

1. Many people are confused about why our economy went to shambles in 2008.
The crisis was actually the result of a combination of many complex factors. First,
easy credit conditions allowed people who were high-risk or unworthy of credit to
borrow, and even people who had no income were eligible for large loans.
Second, banks would bundle these toxic loans and sell them as packages on the
financial market. Third, large insurance firms backed these packages,

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misrepresenting these high-risk loans as safe investments. Fourth, because of
the ease of acquiring credit and the rapid growth in the housing market, people
were buying two or three houses, intending to sell them for more than they paid.
All of these factors created bubbles of speculation. These bubbles burst, sending
the whole market into a downward spiral, causing employers to lose capital and
lay off employees. Consumer spending then plummeted and most businesses
suffered. The economy is like a big boat, and once it gets moving quickly in the
wrong direction, it’s hard to turn it around.

2. All matter, all things can be changed in two ways: chemically and
physically. Both chemical and physical changes affect the state of matter.
Physical changes are those that do not change the make-up or identity of the
matter. For example, clay will bend or flatten if squeezed, but it will still be
clay. Changing the shape of clay is a physical change, and does not change the
matter’s identity. Chemical changes turn the matter into a new kind of matter with
different properties. For example, when paper is burnt, it becomes ash and will
never be paper again. The difference between them is that physical changes are
temporary or only last for a little while, and chemical changes are permanent,
which means they last forever. Physical and chemical changes both affect the
state of matter.

3. During the Revolutionary War, Americans learned just how important friends
can be. When the Americans declared independence on July 4, 1776, they had
virtually no allies. But on February 6, 1778, after the American victory at
Saratoga, the French assisted the American cause. The French went into deep
debt helping the Americans. The Americans would receive additional help in
June of 1779, when the Spanish joined the fight against the British. They would
secure Southern ports and supply lines. Without the help of these allies, many
more Americans would have died in the fight for independence.

4. From airplanes to forklifts, hydraulic power is the strength behind many

amazing technologies that affect our daily lives, even the breaks on your school
bus, but how do they work? First, fluid is rapidly released into a chamber through
a valve. As the fluid collect, the valve is slammed shut which causes a pressure
spike. Because the chamber is sealed, the pressure has nowhere to go. The
hydraulic mechanism channels the pressure and provides great power.

5. Having good attendance is important because attendance determines the

school’s funding. Some students have poor attendance, and the school has tried
many ways of addressing this: teachers have talked to parents on the phone and
the school has mailed letters. Yet, some students still maintain poor attendance.
Next, the staff will attempt to schedule parent/teacher/administrator conferences
with students who are habitually absent. Hopefully, this will help more students
get to school everyday.

6. Different students attend various types of schools; however, they can usually

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be classified as either public, private religious, private non-religious, or
alternative. Public schools are funded by the state, and the majority of students
in the United States attend them. Private religious schools are based around a
particular faith, such as Catholicism, Judaism, and so forth. The religion is part
of the everyday lives of the students and they also learn about the faiths. All
types of private schools do not receive state funding. Therefore, private
non-religious schools are simply just that: schools which do not receive state
funding and have the ability to make their own rules. Alternative schools can be
made up of a variety of different categories, such as the Montessori program or
technical schools. Most students who attend class in an actual school building
go to one of these types of institutions.

7. Due to the increasing number of population in the community, the volume of

garbage has drastically increased as well. This has greatly concerned the
people living near the riverbanks. This has put their health in great jeopardy;
thus, the residents of Barangay Maligaya urge the local officials to investigate
this issue in order to prevent health problems that threat the well-being of the
residents.

II. Directions: Read the text and answer the questions that follow.

Wrigley’s Chewing Gum

(1) Wrigley’s chewing gum was actually developed as a premium to be

given away with other product rather than as a primary product for sale. As a
teenager, William Wrigley Jr. was working for his father in Chicago selling
soap that has been manufactured in his father’s factory. The soap was not
very popular with merchants because it was priced at 5 cents, and this selling
price did not leave a good profit margin for the merchants. Wrigley convinced
his father to raise the price to ten cents and to give away cheap umbrellas as
a premium for the merchants. This worked successfully, confirming to Wrigley
that the use of premium was an effective sales tool.

(2) Wrigley then established his own company, in his company he was
selling soap as a wholesaler, giving baking soda away as a premium, and
using a cook book to promote each deal. Over time, the baking soda and
cookbook became more popular than the soap, so Wrigley began a new
operation selling baking soda, he soon decided on chewing gum. Once again,
when Wrigley realized that the demand for premium was stronger than the
demand for the original product, he created the Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company to
produce and sell chewing gum.

(3) Wrigley started out with two brands of gum, Vassar and Lotta gums,
and soon introduced Juicy Fruit and Spearmint. The latter two brands grew in

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popularity, while the first two were phased out. Juicy Fruit and Spearmint are two
of Wrigley’s main brand to this day.

Questions:
1. What is the text structure being employed in the text?
2. Cite sentences that support your claim?
3. Using a graphic organizer, illustrate the information from the text based
on the text structure being used.
4. Is chewing gum still popular in the Philippines? Explain your answer.
5. In some countries, chewing gums are banned. Should chewing gum be
banned in the Philippines? Why or why not?

A. Directions: Recall your previous lesson. Identify

the term being described in each number.

______1. It is a reading material that provides information which

include concepts and theories that are related to the specific
discipline.
______2. It refers to the oral, written, auditory, and visual language proficiency
required to learn effectively in schools and academic programs.
______3. It is the simple, informal language we use when talking face to face
with family members and friends.
______4. A characteristic of academic language that avoids colloquial and
idiomatic expressions, slang, and contractions.
______5. A characteristic of academic language that is unbiased, based on
facts and is not influenced by personal feelings.
______6. A characteristic of academic language that does not refer to yourself
as the performer of actions.
______7. A characteristic of academic language in which the facts are
presented accurately, the choice of words are appropriate, and the
use of technical terms is applied.
______8. The purpose of this type of text is to inform and to entertain without
solid or factual evidence.

B. Directions: Arrange the scrambled letters to form the correct answer.

Then, using the letters in the numbered box, decode the message below.

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Academic text is…
1. XPLEOMC - 1 2 3

2. HSTEIS-VRINED - 4 5 6 7

Academic text contains sound…

3. UGENMTSRA - 8 9 10 11

An academic language is not…

4. OSTOIALNCEVNRA - 12 13 14 15

An academic language uses terms that are…

5. CHNALITEC - 16 17

4 16 3 15 12 11 8 3 5 4
W 12 13 6

17 11 3 11 8 15 17 5 16 16 14 5
4 5

15 3 4 4 3 13 5

Directions: Unlock the term being described in

each picture.

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 1. _____________

S U E N T E Q E C
I X L N O R S M A

2. ______- ______

S P E B T D L E I
A U L N O R O M O

3. _____________

S P E C T D L E I
A U L F F R E M C

C O E C L N L E I 4. ____________
A O L O H R G O C

R D O R S M N P U

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F U E N T E Q E C
I X L P O R S M A
C I O L A F S S I
5. _____________
C A T I O N I F I
and _____________

6. ______- ______

C P E R T D T E C
A A S N O R O M O

7. ______________

C P E R T U T E I
A A S N O R S M O

B. Directions: Arrange the following information using the appropriate

graphic organizers. Modify the graphic organizers based on the available
information.

1. Most mobile phones sold today have an operating system that was either
designed by Apple or Google. Apple makes the iOS operating system powering
their iPhones and iPads. Google makes the Android operating system that can be
found on many different mobile phones and tablets. Both of these operating
systems allow users to connect to app stores and download applications.

2. Once your phone is receiving data, go to the application store on the device.
Use the search or browse functions to find fun, interesting, or useful programs.

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Once you have found an application that you want to try, click the button to
download and install it on your device.
3. Today it is common for motorists to play with their mobile phones while driving.
Drivers may get bored or impatient while waiting in traffic and use their smart
phones to pass the time by checking sports scores, stock numbers, or news
stories.
4. The first use of the term smart phone was in 1997, when Ericson described its
GS 88 as a “smart phone.” In 2003 phones got even smarter when Andy Rubin
launched the Android mobile operating system.
5. If the phone isn’t locked and it gets lost or stolen, someone may use it to
commit identity theft. Perhaps the worst part about this is that it can be prevented.
Today’s smart phones have free applications that allow you to find your lost phone
using GPS signals.
6. Cell phones should be allowed in school because cell phones improve
communication, provide learning resources and encourage appropriate use of
technology.
7. There are many different types, styles and models of mobile phones available
on the market today. The standard-size “flip” “slider” and “candy bar” style phones,
such as the Motorola RAZR and Samsung’s UpStage, are the most often
multimedia phones that allows users to download music and ringtones, and watch
TV and videos, and send multimedia messages. Smartphones such as Research
in Motion’s (RIM) Blackeberry, Motorola Q, Nokia N Series and Palm Treo, are
deices that offer computing capabilities in addition to conventional mobile phone
functions.

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 Common Text Structures

It is important to note that there are no official list of text structures.

Different writers have different lists of text structures. A nonfiction text can have
one overall text structure or several different text structures.

What is a text structure?

A text structure refers to the internal organization of a text. According to Meyer

(1985), as authors write a text a text to communicate an idea, they will use a
structure that goes along with the idea.

Common Text Structures

Chronological Order

It is also known as time order. This structure is organized from one point in
time to another.

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 Sequence

Steps described in the order they occur. It does not take place in a specific
point in time.

Cause-Effect

This structure shows how one or more causes led to one or more effects.
Many texts do not include just one cause leading to one effect– instead, there may
be several causes and several effects.

Problem-Solution

The text structure presents a problem, and shows how it can be (or has been)
solved. The key difference between cause-effect and problem-solution is that the
latter always present a solution while the former does not.

Compare-Contrast

This text structure shows how two or more ideas or items are similar or
different. The text may use a clustered approach, with details about one topic
followed by the details about the other. It may also show an alternating approach,
with the author going back between the two topics.

Exemplification/Classification

An exemplification paragraph develops a general statement--the topic

sentence--with one or more specific examples. A classification paragraph divides
things into groups, classes, or categories. It also organizes ideas into divisions
based on criteria or standards.

Persuasion

This text structure convinces readers to agree to an argument or claim about a

particular topic.

How does text structure help readers?

As it turns out, a knowledge of text structure can be very helpful for readers.
When readers do not have a strong knowledge of the topic of a text, they depend
more on the structure (Cataldo & Oakhill). A well-written text guides the reader
through the content.

Research shows that efficient searchers use the structure of the text can help
them find specific information, and make and interpret arguments. The structure of
the a text can help readers find answers to questions, as well. Text structure is also
an important component to summarizing. When readers summarize, they need to
reflect the text structure in the summary.

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 For these reasons, it is important that students are exposed to the various
text structures.

Directions: Put the necessary information on the

appropriate graphic organizer. Utilize the sample
graphic organizers presented in the previous section
of this module.

1. Posttraumatic amnesia is usually due to a head injury (like a serious fall or

knock on the head). The degree of memory loss may be related to the force of
the injury. A simple whiplash may cause a person to forget the moments before
the accident, but a more severe injury may cause a greater loss. For example,
the victim may not remember who certain people are or may forget details
about their own identities.

2. Ansel Bourne was a preacher, carpenter, and most likely an inspiration for
the name “Bourne” in the movie and novel series, “The Bourne Identity.” Up
until 1857, Bourne had been a carpenter, until he was called to religion. After
1858, he worked as a evangelical preacher, until 1887. He set up shop in
Norristown, Pennsylvania, as a candy maker using the name A.J. Brown.
Three months later, he woke up not knowing where he was, with no memory of
the previous months. The case of Mr. Bourne has fascinated psychologists,
and some film makers, for years.

3. The term “amnesia” refers to complete or partial memory loss. Almost all of
us will experience some form of amnesia in our lives, even if it’s just a simple
case of verbal amnesia, like forgetting someone’s name. Fortunately, there are
things that you can do to prevent amnesia. Here is a list of foods that you can
eat to improve your memory: almonds, walnuts, bananas, honey, apples, and
black pepper. Though these foods may not reverse post-traumatic amnesia,
they should improve your memory in daily life if you eat them regularly enough.

4. What do “Finding Nemo” and “Robocop” have in common? Not much,

except that they both feature characters that suffer amnesia. Amnesia is a
common plot device in movies and TV shows, but how accurate are these
depictions? In television and movies, memory loss caused by a knock to the
head (post-traumatic amnesia) is shown as fairly common, when it is actually
quite rare. Unlike in movies and television shows that feature amnesia, most
knocks to the head will not produce memory loss. In reality, memory loss or
amnesia is much more likely to occur as the result of a stroke, brain infection,
or brain surgery. So while amnesia causes people or characters to lose
memories in both film and reality, characters are usually “fixed” by taking
another knock to the head. In reality, people are not cured so simply.

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5. What would you do if you awoke one day and discovered that you could not
create new memories? You might remember everything that occurred in your
life up to the point of an injury, but could not form new memories beyond that.
This condition is called “anterograde amnesia,” and it is difficult to treat, but
doctors and therapists recommend these steps: first, use technology to help. A
cell phone with a calendar reminder can do much to offset this condition.
Second, use helpers. Having people to assist with daily tasks, like paying bills,
will prove quite helpful. Lastly, seek therapy. While there is no cure for
anterograde amnesia, memory training may help the afflicted live a more
normal life. Currently, there are no chemical medications or drugs that will
alleviate this condition.

How does understanding of the text structure help you

comprehend the text better?

Directions: Read the text below and answer

the questions that follow.

The Golden Age of Comics

(1) The period from the late 1930s to the middle 1940s is known as the golden
age of comic books. The modern comic book came in the early 1930s in the
United States as a giveaway premium to promote the sale of the whole range
of household products such as cereal and cleanser. The comic books, which
are printed in bright colors to attract the attentions of potential customers,
proved so popular that some publishers decided to produce comic books that
would come out on a monthly basis and would sell for a dime each. Though
comic strips had been reproduced in publications prior to this time, the Famous
Funnies comic book, which was started in 1934, marked the first occasion that
a serialized book of comics was attempted.

(2) Early comic books reprinted already existing comic strips and comics
based on known characters, however, publishers soon began introducing
original characters developed specially for comic books. Superman was
introduced in Action Comics in 1938, and Batman was introduced a year later.
The tremendous success of these superhero comic books led to the
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development of numerous comic books on a variety of topics, though superhero
comic book predominated. Astonishingly, by 1945, approximately 160 different
comic books were being published in the United States each month, and 90 percent
of US children were said to read comic books on a regular basis.

Questions:
1. Why was 1930s - 1940s considered as the golden age of comic books?
2. How were comic books used before?
3. Why do you think comic books become so popular?
4. Do Filipinos also enjoy reading comic books?
5. How did the author arrange the information in the text?
6. Does the said arrangement help you comprehend the text? Explain.
7. Using an appropriate graphic organizer, highlight the significant
information that can be found in the text.

I. Directions: Read the following

passages and identify the text structure
being used. Write only the letter of your choice.

a. problem and solution b. compare and contrast

c. chronological d. cause and effect
e. sequence / process f. persuasion
g. exemplification/classification

1. Making ice-cream is not easy. Cream and sugar have to first be mixed in a
frozen container. Ingredients may be added at this point, if desired. The
mixture must be stirred and whipped until the cream and sugar mixture is
frozen. Depending on the equipment, this may take as long as an hour. After
the ice-cream is prepared, it must be kept frozen until it is ready to be enjoyed.
Making ice-cream is difficult, but most people would agree that it is worth the
trouble.

2. There are two types of people in this world: cat people and dog people.
Which type are you? Well, if you like a pet that is low maintenance, you might
be a cat person. Cats are easier to take care of than dogs because cats are
very independent. Since they use litter boxes, they do not have to be taken
outside to go potty like dogs. Also, cats clean themselves while dogs need
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occasional baths. If you prefer a pet that requires more attention, you may be a
dog person. Most dogs are very loyal and obedient. You can play games like fetch
or tug of war with a dog. Dogs will also alert you when someone is outside of your
home, whereas cats will usually just stay quiet. Both cats and dogs like to be
petted, and they both make excellent pets, but it takes a certain kind of person to
own them. Which kind of person are you?

3. Fireworks are beautiful; but as with many beautiful things, they are also
dangerous. Misusing fireworks can result in property damage, injury, and even
the loss of life. Such accidents usually happen for one of two reasons. The
operators may be using poorly manufactured products, such as fireworks with
fuses that burn too quickly. A defective firework can cause even the most skilled
operator to have an accident. Other times, however, it is the operator who is at
fault. The operator may be unskilled or distracted and make a mistake, such as
setting up an explosion sequence improperly or not accounting for conditions in
the environment, like soundproof foaming. For these reasons even the most
beautiful fireworks display can turn really ugly really quickly.

4. Working on a computer may be easier and safer than working in a mine, but it
does not come without risks. Using a computer for a long time can lead to poor
eyesight, muscle loosening, back pain, and injuries to the hands and wrists. If
you find yourself working or playing on a computer quite regularly, take a few
steps to prevent these problems. When you are computing for a long time, take
frequent breaks. Get up and walk around every once and while. Exercise a little
bit. Take your eyes off of the computer screen. Stretch your hands and wrists.
Straighten your back. It can be hard to pull yourself away from your computer
once you get into a zone, but your body will thank you later if you do. Make your
health a priority.

5. One of the most popular, sought-after, and expensive shoes ever marketed
are the Air Jordan shoes. The first Air Jordan shoes were released in 1985.
These shoes were not legal to wear on the court since they did not have any
white on them, but Jordan wore them to every game anyway, getting fined $5000
for each appearance. The next Air Jordan shoes came out in 1986. These shoes
were unique for basketball shoes, because they were made in Italy, which gave
them a luxury feel. Two years later, the third Air Jordan shoes were released.
These were the first shoes with the visible air pocket in the back and were the
inspiration for many later shoe designs. The Air Jordan shoe line has had a long
history of successful and noteworthy releases.
6. Imagine a child as young as ten years old on the website Facebook chatting
with a grown man or grown woman. Should parents let their children as young as
ten years old be on Facebook? Parents should not let their children or child be
on Facebook because on Facebook there are a lot of things that are said and
done that a child of that age should not be able to see. If a parent approves of a

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child being on Facebook it is very inappropriate. Because that child may tell a
story about their age and someone much older may see it and think their
telling the truth and start sending them messages and the child might not like it at
all. When a child that young is on a website like Facebook they might get
excited and go overboard. For example, the child might tell where they live, their
address, and a lot more information that is not needed. In conclusion,
parents should not let children under age get on Facebook because many
different things can happen.

7. There are four main levels of the Boy Scouts of America. Boys who are in first
grade or are seven years old can enter the Tiger Cubs. Each Tiger Cub has an
adult partner. Uniforms are optional for Tiger Cubs. Scouts and adults may wear
orange Tiger T-shirts and hats. Boys who are in second grade or are at least
eight years old can join the Cub Scouts. The Cub Scouts wear blue uniforms with
blue and gold scarves. Boys who are 11 to 17 years old can join the Boy Scouts.
Boy Scouts wear khaki uniforms that include caps, scarves, shirts, and pants.
Boys and girls who are 14 to 20 years old can join the Venturing program. This
program helps young people develop leadership skills. Members of the Venturing
program wear green uniforms.

II. Directions: Identify how the information in the text are organized. Create
an appropriate graphic organizer of your choice that highlights the author’s idea
about competition and cooperation.

Competition and Cooperation

(1) Explanations of the interrelation between competition and cooperation have

evolved over the time. Early research into competition and cooperation defined
each of them in terms of the distribution of rewards related to each. Competition
was defined as a situation in which rewards are distributed unequally on the
basis of performance, cooperation on the other hand, was defined as a situation
in which rewards are distributed equally on the basis of mutual interactive
behavior among individuals. By this definition, a competitive situation requires at
least on competitor to fail for each competitor that wins, while a cooperative
situation offers a reward only if all members of the group receive it.

(2) Researchers have found definitions of competition and cooperation based

upon rewards inadequate primarily because definitions of these two concepts
based upon rewards depict them as opposite. In current understanding,
competition is not viewed as opposite of cooperation, instead, cooperation is
viewed as integral component of competition. Cooperation is necessary among
team members, perhaps in a sporting event or in a political race, in order to win
the competition, it is equally important to understand that cooperation is of great
importance between teams in that same sporting event or ground rules of the

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game or election in order to compete.

(3) Interestingly, the word competition is derived from a Latin verb which means
“to seek together.” An understanding of the derivation of the word competition
supports the understanding that cooperation, rather than evoking a characteristic
at the opposite extreme of human nature from competition, is in reality a
necessary factor in competition.

What are the various techniques in

summarizing academic texts?

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WHAT I KNOW Test II.
Test I. 1. Chronological Order
1. Cause –Effect 2. Answer s may vary but should still be evident
in the text.
2. Comparison-Contrast
3-5. Answers may vary .
3. Chronological Order
4. Sequence
5. Problem-Solution
6. Exemplification/Classification
7. Persuasion
WHAT’S IN
A.
1. Academic text 5. Objective
2. Academic language 6. Impersonal
3. Social language 7. Precise
4. Formal 8. Non-academic text
L E T T E R S
4 5 H A S E N G L I S H I N
W O R D L O N G E S T T H E
T E C H N I C A L 5.
C O N V E R S A T I O N A L 4.
3.
A R G U M E N T S
2.
D R I V E N T H E S I S
1.
C O M P L E X
B.
 18
WHAT’S NEW
A.
1. Sequence
2. Problem-Solution
3. Cause-Effect
4. Chronological Order
5. Exemplification/Classification
6. Compare-Contrast
7. Persuasion
B.
1. 2.
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 20
WHAT I HAVE LEARNED
Answers may vary.
WHAT’S MORE
A. Students’ may phrase their answers differently but their answers and chosen graphic organizers should
still adhere to the text structure being utilized by the text.
1. Cause– Effect
2. Chronological order
3. Problem-Solution
4. Compare-Contrast
5. Sequence
B.
1. Comic books flourished within those years.
2. Comic books were used as giveaway premiums to promote the sale of the whole range of household
products such as cereal and cleanser.
3-4. Answers may vary.
5. The author used chronological order in organizing the information in the text.
6-7. Answers may vary.
ASSESSMENT
Test I. Test II. Answers may vary.
1. E
2. B
3. D
4. A
5. C
6. F
7. G
Answers Vary Part.
The teacher will check all the
Notes to the Teacher!
References:
Electronic Files
Department of Education. Curriculum and Instruction Strand. K to 12 Most Essen-
tial Learning Competencies with Corresponding CG Codes.
Department of Education. English for Academic and Professional Purposes.
(2016). Teacher’s Guide. First Edition.
Department of Education. English for Academic and Professional Purposes.
(2016). Reader. First Edition.

Online resources
Kissner, E. Teaching Text Structure: A Quick Guide for Teachers. Retrieved from
Slideshare. Retrieved date July 7, 2020.
Identifying Text Structure Worksheets. Retrieved from https://
www.ereadingworksheets.com/text-structure/. Retrieved date July 7, 2020.
Main Idea and Text Structure Worksheets. Retrieved from https://
www.ereadingworksheets.com/text-structure/. Retrieved date July 7, 2020.
Text Structure| Ereading Worksheets. Retrieved from https://
www.ereadingworksheets.com/text-structure/. Retrieved date July 7, 2020.
Text Structure PPT. Retrieved from https://www.ereadingworksheets.com/text-
structure/. Retrieved date July 7, 2020.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education– Region VII, Division of Cebu Province

Office Address: IPHO Bldg. Sudlon, Lahug, Cebu City
Telefax: (032) 255-6405
Email Address: cebu.province@deped.gov.ph

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