1. Explain concept of stream?

 Java uses the concept of streams to represent the ordered sequence of data.
 A stream is between the program and input and output devices.
 A stream in java is a path along which data flows.
 It has a sources and a destination.

Input stream Reads

Source Program

Reading data into a program

Program Writes Output Stream Destination

Writing data into a program

Java streams are classified into two basic types, namely input stream and output
stream.

Stream Classes
 Byte stream classes that provide support for handling i/o operations on bytes.
 Character stream classes that provide support for managing i/o operations on
characters.

Java stream classes

Byte stream Classes Character Stream Classes

I/o Stream O/p Stream Reader Classes Writer Classes

File Pipe Memory File Pipe

Memory

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BYTE STREAM CLASSES
 For creating and manipulating stream and files for reading and writing bytes.
 Java provides two types of byte stream classes.
Input stream classes
Output stream classes.
Input Stream classes
Input stream classes are used to read 8-bit byte include a super class
known as input stream.
The Inputstream includes methods to perform the following tasks
Reading bytes
Closing stream
Marking position in stream
Skipping ahead in stream
Finding the number of bytes in stream

Object

I/o Stream

FileInputStream
ISequenceInputStream

PipeInputStream ObjectInputStream

StringBufferedInputStrea
ByteArrayInputTream m

FileInputStream

BufferedInputStream PushBackInputSTream

DataInputSTream

DataInput
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Output Stream Classes
Output Stream Classes are derived from the base class output stream.
Output stream is an abstract class and therefore we can not instantiate it.
The outputstream includes methods to perform the following tasks
Writing bytes
Closing stream
Flushing stream
Note: Draw the figure of Input Stream classes but change the keywords input as output

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2. Explain character stream classes?
Character Stream classes can be used to read a write 16-bit Unicode character.
There are two kinds of Character Stream Classes
Reader stream classes
Writer stream classes.
Reader Stream Classes
Reader stream classes are designed to read character form the files. Reader stream
use characters.

Object

Reader

Buffered
String Reader
Reader

CharArray Reader
PipeReader

Input FileReader
StreamReader

Filereader PushBackReader

Writer Stream Classes

Writer stream classes are designed to write character. Writer stream use characters Using
Stream.
Note: Draw the figure of Reader Stream Classes but change the keywords Reader as
Writer

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3.Explain creation of files?
There are two ways to initializing the file stream objects. All of the constructors
require that we provide the name of the file either directly or indirectly.
Direct Approach Indirect Approach

FileInputStream fis ………………

Fis= new FileInputStream(“test.dat”); File inFile;
… inFile=new File(“test.dat”);
FileInputStream fis;
Fis= new FileInputstream(inFile);
………………..

fis “test.dat”

Stream object filename

fis infile “test.dat”

Stream Object File Object Filename

USING THE FILE CLASS
Creating a file

Opening a file,Closing a file

Deleting a file

Getting name, size of a file

Checking the existence of a file

Renaming a file

Checking whether the file is writable,readable

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4. Explain reading / writing characters?

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The two subclasses used for handling characters in files are File Reader and File Writer.
class copy
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
File infile =new (“input.dat”);
File outfile =new (“output.dat”);
ins = new FileReader(infile);
outs = new FileWriter(outfile);
int ch;
while(ch=ins.read())!=-1)
{
out.write(ch);
}
ins.close();
out.close();
}}
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Explain Reading / Writing Bytes?

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 FileOutputStream
FileInputStream
This class creates an InputStream This class creates an OutputStream to write bytes to a file.
to read bytes from a file.
Syntax: Syntax:
FileInputStream(String filepath) ; FileOutputStream(String filepath) ;
FileInputStream(File fileobj) ; FileOutputStream(File fileobj) ;
FileOutputStream(String filepath , boolean append) ;

FileInputStream f = new String source = “ creation of file output stream “ ;

FileInputStream(“/file1.txt“); byte b [ ] = source.getBytes() ;
File f1 = new File (“file1.txt”); OutputStream f = new FileOutputStream( “file1.txt “);
FileInputStream f2 = new
FileInputStream(f1) ;

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Explain byte handling primitive data types?

7
 If we want to read/write the primitive data types such as integer and double, we can
use filter classes as wrapper on existing input and output stream.
class readp
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
File p = new File(“prim.dat”);
FileOutputStream f0s = new FileOutputStream(p);
DataOutputStream d0s = new DataOutputStream(fos);
dos.writeInt(1999);
dos.writeDouble(234.4);
dos.close();
fos.close();
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(p);
DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(fis);
System.out.println(dis.readInt());
System.out.println(dis.readDouble());
dis.close();
fis.close();
}
}

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Explain random access file?

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RandomAccessfile class supported by the Java.io package allows us to create files that can be
used for reading and writing data with random access.
File =new RandomAccessfile (“rand.dat”, ”rw”)
class ran
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
RandomAccessFile f = new RandomAccessFile(“rand.dat”,”rw”);
f.WriteChar(„X‟);
f.WriteInt(44);
file.seek(0);
System.out.println(f.readChar());
System.out.println(f.readInt());
f.seek(2);
System.out.println(f.readChar());
}
}

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