Herpetology Notes, volume 12: 461-472 (2019) (published online on 13 May 2019)

First records of Gastrotheca longipes (Boulenger, 1882),

Cochranella resplendens (Lynch and Duellman, 1973) and
Teratohyla midas (Lynch and Duellman, 1973) for the
Allpahuayo-Mishana National Reserve, Peru, with comments
on their distribution in the Amazon basin

Omar Rojas-Padilla1,2,3,*, Ehiko J. Rios-Alva1,4, and Giussepe Gagliardi-Urrutia1,3

Abstract. We report the first records of Gastrotheca longipes, Cochranella resplendens and Teratohyla midas in the
Allpahuayo-Mishana National Reserve, Loreto region, Peru. We update the distribution maps of these three species within the
Amazon basin, provide information about their natural history, and describe puffing-up body and mouth gapping behaviours
in Gastrotheca longipes.

Keywords. Anura, Centrolenidae, distribution, Hemiphractidae, Iquitos, Peruvian Amazon

Introduction species are reported in the area (Rivera and Soini, 2002;
Rivera-Gonzáles et al., 2003). Some amphibian and
The Amazonian lowlands of Loreto region in northern
bird species seem to be restricted to white-sand forests,
Peru represent one of the most biodiverse areas on
a rare Amazonian phytophysiognomy that exists within
the planet along with neighbouring regions in eastern
the reserve (Álvarez et al., 2013; Rojas et al., 2015).
Ecuador and southern Colombia (Bass et al., 2010;
Allpahuayo-Mishana is the only protected area around
Jenkins et al., 2013). Pitman et al. (2013) reported
the growing city of Iquitos (the urban area of the city
218 species of amphibians throughout Loreto, and
is only 25 km distant), and plays an important role in
this number has increased with the addition of newly
preventing urban and agricultural expansion, as well
described taxa and new geographic records (e.g.,
in preserving and raising awareness about the local
Ortega-Andrade et al., 2015; Ron et al., 2016).
biodiversity.
Allpahuayo-Mishana National Reserve is one of
Previous herpetological research conducted in
the smallest protected areas (58,069.9 ha) in Loreto
Allpahuayo-Mishana resulted in notable records of
(SERNANP, 2017). Yet, 83 amphibian and 120 reptile
rare species such as Rhinella ceratophrys, Nyctimantis
rugiceps and Hemiphractus scutatus (Rivera and Soini,
2002; Rivera-Gonzáles et al., 2006). Here, we report
for the first time the presence of Gastrotheca longipes
1
Programa de Investigación en Biodiversidad Amazónica, (Boulenger, 1882), Cochranella resplendens (Lynch
Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana, Av. and Duellman, 1973) and Teratohyla midas (Lynch
Quiñones km 2.5, Iquitos, Loreto, Peru. and Duellman, 1973) in the reserve. Additionally,
2
Tropical Herpetology Laboratory, Departamento de Ciências
we provide natural history information based on new
Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia
Jorge Amado, km 16, Ilhéus, Bahia 45662-900, Brazil.
observations and from the literature, and we update the
3
Laboratório de Sistemática de Vertebrados, Pontifícia distribution ranges of these three Amazonian species.
Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga,
6681, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90619-900, Brazil. Materials and Methods
4
Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus
de Ondina, Salvador, Bahia 40170-290, Brazil. We conducted visual encounter surveys (Crump,
*
Corresponding author. E-mail: projasomar@gmail.com 1994) in the Allpahuayo-Mishana National Reserve
462 Omar Rojas-Padilla et al.

Figure 1. Geographic distribution of Cochranella resplendens (blue circles), Teratohyla midas (yellow circles) and Gastrotheca
longipes (green circles). The star represents the new records of these species in Allpahuayo-Mishana National Reserve, in Loreto,
Peru. Inset: Location of records within the reserve, most of them between “Paujil” and “Allpahuayo” creeks.

(Fig. ������������������������������������������� Results

were collected using approved protocols under
Gastrotheca longipes (Fig. 2, Table 1).—Specimens
permit (RJN°002-2018-SERNANP-RNAM-JEF)
captured in Allpahuayo-Mishana match diagnostic
and deposited in the Coleção de Anfíbios do Museu
characteristics noted by Boulenger (1882), Almendáriz
de Ciências e Tecnologia da Pontifícia Universidade
and Cisneros-Heredia (2005), and Duellman (2015):
Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (MCP), Brazil, and in
skin of skull smooth not ossified, tympanic ring
the Colección Referencial de Biodiversidad del Instituto
granular, dorsal skin green and that of venter cream,
de Investigaciones de la Amazonía (CRBIIAP), Peru.
throat and chest yellow, upper lip white, lower lip green,
We photographed and measured snout-vent length
white spot present under the eye and posteriorly to jaw,
(SVL) of captured frogs when possible. We geolocated
iris white with brown halftones, bones green, outer edge
capture points with a GPS Garmin 64s. We reviewed
of heel brown to the tip of the outer toe. One juvenile
records published in peer reviewed journals and books,
individual had white spots on dorsum and flanks (where
and projected their geographical coordinates on a map
they were more numerous), cream yellow upper lips,
to confirm their location. We estimated elevations
white dermal folds on arms and legs, a brown stripe
with Google Earth Pro™ 7.3.0.3832 (Google Inc.).
with white dots on dorsal surface of fingers, a single
We generated the updated distribution map in QGIS
white dot on ventral surface of fingers, throat and chest
Desktop 2.18.9 (QGIS Development Team 2017).
yellow cream, belly green with creamy yellow spots;
Species identities were confirmed by comparison with
discs on fingers green; toes IV – V brown. We observed
the original descriptions and other pertinent literature,
closed dorsal pouches in a female individual.
and with the aid of specialists in Centrolenids and
We captured three males and one female near forest
Hemiphractids (see Acknowledgments).
streams heavily influenced by seasonal rains (i.e.,
where stream depth exceeded 1.5 meters during the
peak of the rainy season). We found the first male
First records of frog species for the Allpahuayo-Mishana National Reserve, Peru 463

Figure 2. Gastrotheca longipes found at Allpahuayo-Mishana National Reserve. (A–B) an unvouchered adult male (SVL: 77.3
mm). (C–D) juvenile (CRBIIAP 1982, SVL: 32.88 mm). (E–F) a female bearing eggs on dorsal pouch (MCP 13954). Photos by
G. Gagliardi-Urrutia.

(unvouchered, SVL: 77.3 mm) on 4 May 2013 at 17:35 taking photographs, the individual opened and closed
h. At the time of capture, this male appeared to assume his mouth constantly (Fig. 2A–B). We found a second
a defence position (appearing “swollen”) and issued a male (SVL: 76.1 mm, not photographed) on 25 August
distress call which we did not record. While we were 2014 at 18:30 h. We found a juvenile (CRBIIAP 1982,
464 Omar Rojas-Padilla et al.

Table 1. Records of 1. Records

Gastrotheca
Table of Gastrotheca
longipes in the Amazon in Geographical
basin.
longipes the Amazon basin. Geographical
coordinates coordinates Datum
Datum WGS84.
WGS84.

Locality Country Latitude Longitude Altitude Source

Rutuno River, Pastaza Province Ecuador -1.916 -77.250 446 Goin (1964)
Almendáriz and
Sunkuyacu River, Orellana Province Ecuador -0.694 -76.670 315 Cisneros-Heredia
(2005)
Almendáriz and
Tiputini Biological Station, Orellana
Ecuador -0.791 -77.527 838 Cisneros-Heredia
Province
(2005)
Almendáriz and
Canelos, Pastaza Province Ecuador -1.587 -77.734 453 Cisneros-Heredia
(2005)
Almendáriz and
Chigkan Entse, Cenepa River,
Peru -4.466 -78.166 662 Cisneros-Heredia
Amazonas region
(2005)
Almendáriz and
near Caterpiza, Caterpiza River,
Peru -3.916 -77.716 188 Cisneros-Heredia
Amazonas region
(2005)
Duellman et al.
Chichirota, Pastaza Province Ecuador -1.166 -77.216 422
(2006)
Pongo Chimin, Datem del Marañón Catenazzi and
Peru -3.112 -77.776 384
Province, Loreto region Venegas (2011)
Barranca, upper Marañón River,
Peru -4.832 -76.697 129 Duellman (2015)
Loreto region
"José Álvarez Alonso" Biological
Station, Allpahuayo-Mishana National Peru -3.952 -73.432 130 This report
Reserve, Loreto
"José Álvarez Alonso" Biological
Station, Allpahuayo-Mishana National Peru -3.954 -73.417 140 This report
Reserve, Loreto
"José Álvarez Alonso" Biological
Station, Allpahuayo-Mishana National Peru -3.952 -73.431 125 This report
Reserve, Loreto

SVL: 32.88 mm; Fig. 2C–D) perched on a leaf at 0.40 m white, humeral spine absent, heart not visible through
height at the margin of the same stream on 4 June 2018. skin in life.
Finally, on 10 June 2018, we found a female with four We captured three individuals, two of which were
eggs inside the pouch (MCP 13954, Fig. 2E–F) perched found along a forest stream and a third near a small
on a branch at 0.80 m near a stream. temporary pond fed by stream water. We found an adult
male (unvouchered, SVL: 27.7 mm; Fig. 3A–B) on 16
Cochranella resplendens (Fig. 3, Table 2).— March 2015 at 14:15 h perched on a branch 1.4 m above
Specimens captured and photographed match the the ground. The vegetation of the area was composed
diagnostic characteristics provided by Lynch and of large trees (canopy reaching 15–25 meters), lianas
Duellman (1973): snout round in dorsal view and and shrub vegetation on white sandy-clay soil. We
sloping in lateral view, dorsal colouration dark green found another male (MCP 13953, SVL: 23.48 mm; Fig.
with scattered white spots, dermal folds present on the 3C–D) and a female with eggs (CRBIIAP 1969, SVL:
outer edge of hand, arm, foot, tarsus and around the heel, 25.89 mm) perched on a leaf 0.5 m from the ground on
anal fold u-shaped, parietal and visceral peritoneum 13 March 2018 at 23:00 h.
First records of frog species for the Allpahuayo-Mishana National Reserve, Peru 465

Figure 3. Cochranella resplendens found in Allpahuayo-Mishana National Reserve. (A–B) an unvouchered adult specimen
(SVL: 27.7 mm). (C–D) an adult male (MCP 13953, SVL: 23.48 mm). Note intraspecific variation on dermal folds on legs and
arms, and in colouration of hands and feet. Photos by G. Gagliardi-Urrutia.

Teratohyla midas (Fig. 4, Table 3).—Diagnostics (Fig. 4F) with 13 tadpoles at developmental stage 17–19
characteristics of captured specimens matched the (Gosner, 1960) on the same day. On 02 February 2018,
description provided by Lynch and Duellman (1973): we captured three adults (MCP 13950, SVL: 17.4 m;
snout truncate in dorsal and lateral view, iris silvery MCP 13951, SVL: 16.9, CRBIIAP 2101, SVL: 20.3
bronze with black reticulations, chest white, skin on mm).
venter coarsely areolate, dorsal skin shagreened without
warts or spicules, dorsal colouration green with yellow Discussion
spots, parietal peritoneum white, visceral peritoneum
white, heart not visible through skin, arms and legs Gastrotheca longipes was previously known to occur
lacking dermal folds, hands and feet dull greenish from 250 to 1,020 m a.s.l. in Amazonian Ecuador
yellow, humeral spine absent in males, bones green. and Peru (Almendáriz and Cisneros-Heredia, 2005;
We found about 10 individuals during surveys. On Duellman et al., 2006; Catenazzi and Venegas, 2012;
4 May 2013, we found an adult (unvouchered, Fig. Duellman, 2015). Our records in Allpahuayo-Mishana
4A–B) on a branch 0.5 m above the ground. On 4 June National Reserve extend the lower boundary of the
2017, we heard two males calling, and captured one species�� ����������������������������������������������
(CRBIIAP 2099, SVL: 17.9 mm; Fig. 4C–D) on a leaf also stretch the species’ geographical range 508 km
at 1.80 m above the stream. We also photographed an eastward, and adds a third known locality for the
adult male in calling activity (Fig. 4E) and an egg clutch species in Loreto. Gastrotheca longipes might be
466 Omar Rojas-Padilla et al.

Table 2. Records Table

of Cochranella
2. Recordsresplendens
of Cochranella
in the Amazon in
resplendens the Amazon
basin. basin. Geographical
Geographical coordinates
coordinates Datum Datum
WGS84.
WGS84.

Locality Country Latitude Longitude Altitude Source

Lynch and Duellman
Santa Cecilia, Sucumbios Province Ecuador -0.080 -76.990 339
(1973)
Cisneros-Heredia and
Pozo Garza, Oryx, Pastaza Province Ecuador -1.433 -77.05 312
McDiarmid (2005)
Tiputini Biological Station, Orellana Cisneros-Heredia and
Ecuador -0.616 -76.166 257
Province McDiarmid (2005)
Cisneros-Heredia and
Viejo de Sumaco, Orellana Province Ecuador -0.533 -77.416 948
Meza-Ramos (2007)
Tiputini Biological Station, Orellana Cisneros-Heredia and
Ecuador -0.791 -77.527 300
Province Meza-Ramos (2007)
Napinaza River, Morona Santiago
Ecuador -2.926 -78.406 1100 Terán-Valdez et al. (2009)
Province
Microcuenca La Resaca, Municipality of
Belén de Los Andaquíes, Caquetá Colombia 1.439 -75.890 482 Malambo et al. (2013)
departament
Stream near the village of San Jose in the
Cainarachi valley near Tarapoto, San Peru -0.642 -76.291 518 Twomey et al. (2014)
Martín region
Quebrada Bufeo, Putumayo Province, Chávez and Mueses-
Peru -2.330 -71.607 124
Loreto region Cisneros (2016)
Finca El Chaquiral, vereda El Retiro, Molina-Zuluaga et al.
Colombia 6.988 -75.130 1699
Municipality de Anorí, Antioquia region (2017)
El Eden, vereda San Antonio,
Molina-Zuluaga et al.
Municipality de Alejandría, Antioquia Colombia 6.367 -75.027 1309
(2017)
region
"José Álvarez Alonso" Biological Station,
Allpahuayo-Mishana National Reserve, Peru -3.966 -73.418 129 This report
Loreto
"José Álvarez Alonso" Biological Station,
Allpahuayo-Mishana National Reserve, Peru -3.965 -73.431 131 This report
Loreto

distributed throughout the Amazon basin (Blackburn Cisneros-Heredia and McDiarmid, 2005; Cisneros-
and Duellman, 2013), but records are very rare because Heredia and Meza-Ramos, 2007; Torres-Gastello et al.,
this marsupial frog inhabits the forest canopy and is 2007; Terán-Valdez et al., 2009; Malambo et al., 2013;
rarely observed in the forest understory (Almendáriz Twomey et al., 2014; Chávez and Mueses-Cisneros,
and Cisneros-Heredia, 2005; Guayasamin et al., 2006). 2016; Molina-Zuluaga et al., 2017). Our record extends
The distress behaviour of the male we captured and the species’ known distribution 345 km southwest and
photographed has been termed “puffing-up body” and represents the third geographic record of the species
“mouth gapping” (Toledo et al., 2011), and has been for Peru, the second for the Loreto region and the first
observed in others Hemiphractids species (Lourenço- inside a protected area. Previous records have been
de-Moraes et al., 2016). Our observation constitutes the made in areas close to streams within primary forests
first report of such behaviours in G. longipes. and mature secondary forest (Chávez and Mueses-
Cochranella resplendens was known from 11 Cisneros, 2016), which are similar in structure to those
localities in the Andean and lowland Amazon forests of where we found our individuals. One of the specimens
Peru, Ecuador and Colombia, with an elevational range found during surveys, had small and scattered spots,
from 190 to 1,699 m a.s.l. (Lynch and Duellman, 1973; small dermal folds on legs and arms, and yellow hands
First records of frog species for the Allpahuayo-Mishana National Reserve, Peru 467

Figure 4. Teratohyla midas found in Allpahuayo-Mishana National Reserve, in Loreto, Peru. (A–B) an unvouchered adult
specimen. (C–D) male (CRBIIAP 2099, SVL: 17.9 mm). (E) an unvouchered adult male in calling activity. (F) egg clutch
containing 13 embryos at developmental stages 17-19 (Gosner, 1960). Photos A–B by E.J. Rios-Alva; C–F by G. Gagliardi-
Urrutia.

and feet. Based on available publications, this pattern is one individual with green legs and two individuals with
within the range of intraspecific colour variation of the yellow colouration on the hands and feet, in addition
species. Malambo et al. (2013) reported one individual to variation in the length and width of dermal folds
with green hands and feet, and with small and scattered on arms and legs. Combined, these reports suggest C.
spots on dorsum. Molina-Zuluaga et al. (2017) reported resplendens to be polychromatic, and future studies
468 Omar Rojas-Padilla et al.

Table 3. Records of Teratohyla midas in the Amazon basin. Geographical coordinates Datum WGS84.

Locality Country Latitude Longitude Altitude Source

Lynch and
Santa Cecilia, Napo Province Ecuador -0.05 -76.983 339
Duellman (1973)
Toft and Duellman
Panguana, Huánuco region Peru -9.583 -74.8 405
(1979)
Morales and
Pakitza, Madre de Dios region Peru -11.9 -71.366 345
McDiarmid (1996)
Cisneros-Heredia
Tiputini Biodiversity Station, Orellana
Ecuador -0.616 -76.166 190 and McDiarmid
Province
(2005)
Cisneros-Heredia
Yasuní Scientific Station, Orellana
Ecuador -0.666 -76.400 230 and McDiarmid
Province
(2005)
Cisneros-Heredia
Puerto Misahualli, Napo Province Ecuador -1.033 -77.666 400 and McDiarmid
(2005)
Cisneros-Heredia
Oglán River, Pastaza Province Ecuador -1.333 -77.583 600 and McDiarmid
(2005)
Catenazzi and
Alto Mazan, Loreto region Peru -2.586 -74.492 134
Bustamante (2007)
Catenazzi and
Alto Nanay, Loreto region Peru -2.806 -74.825 153
Bustamante (2007)
Pisorié Setsa’cco, between Aguarico Yánez-Muñoz and
Ecuador -0.001 -76.671 278
and Pisorié rivers, Dureno Chimbo (2007)
Yánez-Muñoz and
Totoa Nai’qui, Dureno Ecuador -0.0513 -76.796 298
Chimbo (2007)
Yánez-Muñoz and
Güeppicillo, Sucumbíos Ecuador -0.177 -75.675 225
Venegas (2008)
Kok and
Crique Grand Leblond, French Guyana
4.700 -53.183 76 Castroviejo-Fisher
Guyana French
(2008)
França and
Boca do Acre, Amazonas state Brazil -9.026 -67.236 151
Venâncio (2010)
Regional Conservation Area
von May and
"Maijuna", Las Piedras river, Loreto Peru -2.792 -72.917 163
Venegas (2010)
region
von May and
Choro, Yaguas National Park,
Peru -2.610 -71.485 160 Mueses-Cisneros
Putumayo Province, Loreto region
(2011)
Pongo Chinim, Datem del Marañón Catenazzi and
Peru -3.113 -77.776 385
Province, Loreto region Venegas (2012)
Quebrada Kampankis, Condorcanqui Catenazzi and
Peru -4.043 -77.541 1336
Province, Amazonas region, Venegas (2012)
Municipality of Solita, Caquetá Osorno et al.
Colombia 0.883 -75.616 219
departament (2011)
Mâncio Lima: Serra do Divisor Melo-Sampaio and
Brazil -7.450 -73.766 276
National Park: Igarapé Ramon de Oliveira (2013)
Municipality of Sao Pedro da Água Pontes and Mattedi
Brazil -5.085 -48.429 159
Branca (2013)
Municipality of Porto Velho, Vista Melo-Sampaio and
Brazil -9.576 -65.570 149
Alegre do Abuna, Rondônia state de Oliveira (2013)

Locality Country Latitude Longitude Altitude Source

First records of frog species for the Allpahuayo-Mishana National Reserve, Peru 469
Table 3. Continued.

Locality Country Latitude Longitude Altitude Source

Malambo et al.
Sucre, Municipality de Florencia Colombia 1.781 -75.651 950
(2013)
El corregimiento de Santo Domingo, Malambo et al.
Colombia 1.558 -75.668 295
Municipality de Florencia (2013)
En la microcuenca La Resaca,
Malambo et al.
Municipality de Belén de los Colombia 1.439 -75.890 482
(2013)
Andaquíes
Twomey et al.
San José, San Martín region Peru -6.420 -76.291 531
(2014)
Twomey et al.
Pongo de Rentema, Amazonas region Peru -5.295 -78.406 556
(2014)
Venegas et al.
Alto Cachiyacu, Loreto region Peru -5.516 -76.717 216
(2014)
"Sierra del Divisor" National Park, Melo-Sampaio and
Peru -7.204 -73.882 274
Contamana Province, Loreto region de Souza (2015)
Chávez and
Quebrada Bufeo, Putumayo Province,
Peru -2.330 -71.607 124 Mueses-Cisneros
Loreto region
(2016)
Puesto de Control y Vigilancia, La
Peru -9.9882 -70.7081 260 Padial et al. (2016)
Novia River, Ucayali region

Sepahua River, Ucayali region Peru -11.05002 -72.45307 356 Padial et al. (2016)

3.8 km south of Puerto Breu, Ucayali

Peru -9.566 -72.755 268 Padial et al. (2016)
region
Community Natural Reserve “El
Rodríguez-Cardoso
Manantial”, Florencia, Caquetá Colombia 1.847 -75.584 427-493
et al. (2016)
department
"José Álvarez Alonso" Biological
Station, Allpahuayo-Mishana National Peru -3.965 -73.431 133 This report
Reserve, Loreto
"José Álvarez Alonso" Biological
Station, Allpahuayo-Mishana National Peru -3.937 -73.445 138 This report
Reserve, Loreto
"José Álvarez Alonso" Biological
Station, Allpahuayo-Mishana National Peru -3.957 -73.420 123 This report
Reserve, Loreto
"José Álvarez Alonso" Biological
Station, Allpahuayo-Mishana National Peru -3.952 -73.432 130 This report
Reserve, Loreto
"José Álvarez Alonso" Biological
Station, Allpahuayo-Mishana National Peru -3.954 -73.433 125 This report
Reserve, Loreto
"José Álvarez Alonso" Biological
Station, Allpahuayo-Mishana National Peru -3.951 -73.419 135 This report
Reserve, Loreto
"José Álvarez Alonso" Biological
Station, Allpahuayo-Mishana National Peru -3.948 -73.434 131 This report
Reserve, Loreto
"José Álvarez Alonso" Biological
Station, Allpahuayo-Mishana National Peru -3.964 -73.418 131 This report
Reserve, Loreto
"José Álvarez Alonso" Biological
Station, Allpahuayo-Mishana National Peru -3.965 -73.4315 131 This report
Reserve, Loreto
470 Omar Rojas-Padilla et al.

should evaluated whether different colour morphotypes MSc scholarships by Programa de Alianzas para la Educación
are associated with particular geographic regions. y la Capacitación de la Organización de Estados Americanos y
el Grupo Coimbra de Universidades Brasileras (PAEC OEA-
Teratohyla midas is regarded as a common species
GCUB) and by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de
with a broad distribution in northern South America,
Nível Superior (CAPES). �������������������������������������
altitudinally ranging from 76 to 1,336 m a.s.l. Most PhD scholarship from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento
geographic records were reported from Peru, Ecuador Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) (process #140716/2016–5).
and Colombia, with a few records in Brazil and French
Guiana (Table 3, Fig. 1). The species is likely to be References
found in the Amazonian forests of Bolivia and other
Almendáriz, A., Cisneros-Heredia, D.F. (2005): Nuevos datos
localities in the Amazon basin where it has not yet been
sobre la distribución e historia natural de Gastrotheca longipes
detected. During our surveys we recorded individuals (Boulenger, 1882), una rana marsupial amazónica poco conocida
calling and in amplexus on the riparian vegetation (Amphibia: Anura: Hylidae). ������������ 26: 20–27.
along forest streams at different times of the year. Álvarez, J.A., Metz, M.R., Fine, P.V.A. (2013): Habitat
Reproductive activity increases considerably during specialization by birds in western Amazonian White-sand
the rain. For example, in a survey on 04 June 2017, Forests. Biotropica 45: 365–372.
Bass, M., Finner, M., Jenkins, C.N., Kreft, H., Cisneros-Heredia,
we heard numerous and intense vocalizations along a
D.F., McCracken, S.F., et al. (2010): Global conservation
3 km-long stretch of a water stream, during and after a significance of Ecuador’s Yasuní National Park. PLoS One 5:
rain storm. The activity continued, with lower intensity e8767.
along the following days. It seems that the species has Blackburn, D.C., Duellman, W.E. (2013): Brazilian marsupial
a gregarious behaviour during reproduction, because frogs are diphyletic (Anura: Hemiphractidae: Gastrotheca).
many males can be found in nearby areas (Diaz-Ricarte Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 68: 709–714.
et al., 2016). Contrary to the report by Diaz-Ricarte et Boulenger, G.A. (1882): Catalogue of the Batrachia Salientas.
Ecaudata in the Collection of the British Museum, Second
al. (2016), we found egg clutches attached to the backs
Edition. London, United Kingdom, British Museum.
of leaves, including palm leaves, always hanging above Catenazzi, A., Bustamante, M. (2007): Anfibios y Reptiles. In:
water streams. We believe that the site and position of Perú: Nanay-Mazán-Arabela. Rapid Biological Inventories
egg clutches is not fixed reproductive trait in T. midas, Report 18, p. 62–67. Vriesendorp, C., Álvarez, J.A., Barbagelata,
as it has been described for several other glassfrog N., Alverson, W.S., Moskovits, D.K., Eds., Chicago, USA, The
species (Vockenhuber et al., 2008; Delia et al., 2010; Field Museum.
Catenazzi, A., Venegas, P.J. (2012): Anfibios y Reptiles. In: Perú:
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amphibian species registered within the Allpahuayo- Vriesendorp, C., Moskovits, D.K., del Campo, Á., Wachter,
Mishana National Reserve is increased to 86. This T., Stotz, D.F., Noningo, S.S., Tuesta, E.C., Smith, R.C., Eds.,
protected area covers a diversity of ecosystems that Chicago, USA, The Field Museum.
includes white-sand forests, forest growing over clay Chávez, G., Mueses-Cisneros, J.J. (2016): Amphibians and reptiles.
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to be thoroughly surveyed. Therefore, we expect further
Claramunt, S., Vriesendorp, C., Alvira Reyes, D., Ravikumar,
work to reveal new records of amphibians and reptiles A., del Campo, Á., Stotz, D.F., Wachter, T., Heilpern, S.,
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Fabrício H. Oda and anonymous reviewers for valuable Centrolenidae, Centrolene peristictum, Centrolene prosoblepon,
comments on the manuscript. H. Mauricio Ortega-Andrade for Cochranella cochranae, Cochranella midas, Cochranella
the confirmation of the identifications, and Santiago Castroviejo- resplendens, Cochranella spinosa, Hyalinobatrachium
Fisher for identification and comments about Cochranella munozorum: Range extensions and new provincial records.
resplendens. To William E. Duellman for valuable information Check List 1: 18–22.
about G. longipes. To José M. Padial, Pedro Ivo Simões, Pamela Cisneros-Heredia, D.F., Meza-Ramos, P. (2007): An enigmatic
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Accepted by Fabrício Oda