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3D-Space Wireless Power Transfer for Device Charging and Energy

Management

Article · March 2017

DOI: 10.46564/ijraet.2020.v08i05.003

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 International Journal of Electrical, Electronics and Computer Systems (IJEECS)
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3D-Space Wireless Power Transfer for Device Charging and Energy

Management
1
Nikita Gaikwad, 2Swapnil Ramgirwar, 3Shubham Waykos, 4P. P. Mane
1,2,3,4
Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication, Modern Education Society’s College of Engineering, Pune - India
Email: nikitagaikwad.20013@gmail.com, swapnr398@gmail.com, shubhwaykos@gmail.com

Abstract : This paper discusses the architecture of wireless the electromagnetic induction and the microwave power
low power transmission system to charge the mobile phone transfer. For efficient midrange power transfer, the
wirelessly as well as to give effective solution for energy wireless power transfer system must satisfy three
savings and utilization. It is simple, affordable and robust conditions: (a) high efficiency, (b) large air gap, (c) high
system that can be easily installed and operated in order to
power. The microwave power transfer has a low
solve certain real time power issues. Wireless power
transmission is an emerging technology that is gaining efficiency. For near field power transfer this method
increased visibility in recent years. Wireless power may be inefficient, since it involves radiation of
transmission holds a promising future for generating a electromagnetic waves. Wireless power transfer can be
small amount of electrical power to charge mobile done via electric field coupling, but electric field
wirelessly. Growing importance in wireless field which has coupling provides an inductively loaded electrical dipole
numerous benefits such as it would completely eliminate that is an open capacitor or dielectric disk. External
the need of carrying charger along with mobiles. It would objects may provide a relatively strong influence on
also help to reduce complexity caused due to wires. The electric field coupling. Magnetic field coupling may be
phenomenon for energy generation incorporated in here is
preferred, since external objects in a magnetic field have
to use a renewable source. Solar panels are incorporated in
this system as they play a key factor in providing a the same magnetic properties as empty space.
renewable source of energy on contrary to non-renewable Electromagnetic induction method has short range.
or AC source supplies. The panels convert light into Since magnetic field coupling is a nonradiative power
electrical energy and stored in batteries which is then used transfer method, it has higher efficiency. However,
to charge mobile phone wirelessly. In this paper we are also power transfer range can be increased by applying
trying to implement real time power monitoring and magnetic coupling with resonance phenomenon applied
controlling system for home appliances such as fans, bulbs, on. A magnetic field is generated when electric charge
etc. in robust way. Controlling of electrical devices can be moves through space or within an electrical conductor.
performed by programming the main controller.
Keywords—WPT (Wireless Pawer Transfer), PV Array, Solar energy is energy obtained from the Sun. It is
LPC2148, Ocillator, CMRS (Coupled Magnetic Resonance renewable, inexhaustible and environmental pollution
System) free. Solar charged battery systems provide power
supply for complete 24 hours a day irrespective of bad
I. INTRODUCTION weather. By adopting the appropriate technology for the
concerned geographical location, we can extract a large
Nikola Tesla had invented first radio and proved that he amount of power from solar radiations. More over solar
is the father of wireless communication. Nikola Tesla energy is expected to be the most promising alternate
had first designed the idea of Wireless Power source of energy. Hence solar panels are used here to
Transmission and demonstrated the transmission of generate power and stored it in batteries. The stored
electrical energy without wires. Wireless power energy is then used to charge mobile phone wirelessly as
transmission (WPT) is an efficient way for the well as to supply energy for other home appliances. In
transmission of electric power from one point to another order to avoid unnecessary use of energy, effective
through vacuum or atmosphere without the use of wire energy saving technique is used by using ARM7
or any physical material. By using WPT, power can be LPC2148 microcontroller. To improve the easiness and
transmitted using inductive coupling for short range, efficiency of electrical appliances have been the main
resonant induction for mid-range and Electromagnetic motivation throughout this paper.
Wave power transfer. By using this technology, it is
possible to supply power to places, which is hard to do In section [II], explained the work done on the solar
using conventional wires. Currently, the use of inductive energy generation, power management and WPT till
coupling is in development and research phases. The date. In section [III], design and working of overall
most common wireless power transfer technologies are system is elaborated. In section [IV], mathematical
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formulations are represented. Section number [V] shows frequency in kHz unlike microwave transmission which
advantages of the system as well as enlighten the future is in MHz. Power management block is added to
scope of this work. represent a smart way for power saving and avoid
unnecessary power wastage using ARM7 LPC2148
II. LITERATURE REVIEW microcontroller. LPC2148 microcontroller requires very
low power consumption to operate.
Lots of work has been done on solar energy generation
as well as on effective power management techniques
till now. The paper [1] presents a solution for new green
resource allocation problem using hybrid powering of
communication systems from renewable sources. The
power saving module switches the appliances in the
room based on the presence of the person. It also
controls the power delivered to fan and light according
to temperature of room and natural daylight intensity
[3].

Researchers at MIT in 2007 proposed the technique of

Strongly Coupled Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) and
attracted the world’s attention by importance of its mid-
range, nonradiative and high-efficiency power transfer.
In this paper [7], current developments and research
progress in the SCMR area are presented. Advantages of
SCMR are analysed by comparing it with the other Fig.1 Block diagram of 3D space wireless power
wireless power transfer (WPT) technologies. transfer for energy management and device charging

The topic of Inductive power transfer has been studied 1. Solar energy generation
by many researchers all around the world and presently
it is one of the hot topic among the researchers. It has The solar panel is used to convert solar energy into
been known that as the distance increases between electrical energy means in the form DC voltage. After
primary side and secondary side, transfer efficiency the solar panel charge controller is used to control the
decreases and thus a better contactless transfer control constant voltage and constant current. In the charge
mechanism and selection of good quality metal with controller circuit we are using the over voltage
high mutual coefficient is required. Ran Tao, Salem, protection and Deep Discharge Protection. In the
Hamdi, “Adaptive Relaying Protocol for Wireless Power overcharge protection, opto-coupler is used to provide
Transfer and Information Processing” proceeding of the high electrical isolation. When the battery is fully
IEEE vol. 20, no. 10, October 2016, have given a charged then it automatically stop to charge and
detailed historical background, technological issues, and simultaneously the LED is blink and give indication that
engineering applications of inductive power transfer in the battery is fully charged.
their paper. Sayyad, Sarvade, “Wireless Power
Transmission for Charging Mobiles”, vol. 12, June 2014 The deep discharge protection is very useful for
have designed a contactless battery charger for cellular avoiding battery to deep discharge. When the battery
phone using a monopole antenna. In his paper designed start to discharge, at threshold level it gives indication
optimization has presented and they had also verified by blinking LED that the battery is discharged.
their result with experimental results.
2. Wireless power transfer
III. METHODOLOGY
Inductive or magnetic coupling works on the principle
Figure 1 represents basic block diagram of overall of electromagnetism. When a wire is near to a magnetic
system and its working. By means of solar panels field, it induces a magnetic field in that wire.
electric energy is generated. This energy is provided to Transferring energy between wires through magnetic
the entire system in order to run power management fields is inductive coupling. Magnetic resonant coupling
block as well as to charge the devices wirelessly. Use of uses the same principles as inductive coupling, but it
solar energy in this work is due to its abundant uses resonance to increase the range at which the energy
availability which gives optimum solution for transfer can efficiently take place. Resonance can be two
conventional methods of power generation which are not types: (a) series resonance & (b) parallel resonance. In
environmental free. Here use of wireless power these both types of resonance, the principle of obtaining
transmission using inductive coupling is mean to reduce maximum energy is same but the methods are quite
the wired complexity as well as improving way of living different.
and it is not hazardous to human health due to use of
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Wireless transmission technology has used in K = (1− (Lsc/Lop))1/2

communication system from long time ago like mobile
phones, dish TV etc. Frequency used in radio wave is Where Lsc means the value of measurement inductance
very high i.e. in the range of MHz. But frequency used from primary side when the secondary side is short
in WPT used in electrical power application in the range circuited, and Lop means the value of measurement
of KHz so that it is not hazardous for human. This thesis inductance from the primary side when the secondary
presents use of WPT technology in mobile charger side is open- circuit.
application. WPT mobile charger has several advantages
over formal mobile charger. One of the most frequent In order to simply the process of analysis, the line
failures in mobile charger is from the mechanical resistance of inductor and equivalent series resistance of
contact. To overcome from this type of problem WPT capacitor will not be considered and resonant capacitor
mobile charger can be used. Working principle behind values of the primary side and the secondary side are
WPT is electromagnetic induction phenomena. Since, in required to analysis. The inductance value of the
WPT technology air core is used so conversion primary side and the secondary side can be obtained by
efficiency is very low. To increase the efficiency of the production of the induction coil with core, and
WPT, both primary and secondary coil should work on decided the resonant frequency. The suitable value of
the resonant frequency. We are implementing primary capacitance can be calculated by
series and secondary parallel resonant circuit for WPT.
Cp = 1 ÷ (ѡ2 × (LP - (M2/LS)))
3. Power management
Where, Cp is primary coil capacitance, LP is primary
For the intelligent power management we use LPC2148 coil inductance, M is mutual inductance, ѡ is resonant
microcontroller. The LPC2148 microcontroller are frequency.
based on a 32 bit ARM7TDMI-S CPU with Real-time
emulation and embedded trace support that combines the V. RESULTS
microcontroller with high speed flash memory ranging
from 32kB to 512kB. A 128-bit wide memory interface Proteus professional design combine the schematic
and unique accelerator architecture enable 32-bit code capture and PCB layout program to provide a powerful,
execution at the maximum clock rate. For critical code integrated and easy to use tools suite for education and
size applications, the alternative 16-bit Thumb mode professional PCB design. As a profession PCB design
reduces code by more than 30 % with minimal software with integrated shape based auto router, it
performance penalty. We also use IR sensor. This provides features, such as fully featured schematic
infrared sensor module is used for detecting reflecting capture, highly configurable design, rules interactive
surface. This sensor can be used to detect reflecting SPICE circuit simulator, extensive, support for power
silver/white strip, obstacle detection, flame detection, planes, industry standard. Following images show the
etc. IR LED emits infrared radiation. This radiation respective stimulated results obtained from Proteus
illuminates the surface in front of LED. Surface reflects software. We are trying to improve the power transfer
the infrared light. Depending on reflectivity of the distance to charge mobile phone without decreasing the
surface the mount of light reflected varies. This reflected efficiency.
light is made incident on reverse biased IR sensor. When
photons are incident on reverse biased junction of this
diode, electron-hole pairs are generated, which results in
reverse leakage current. Amount of electron-hole pairs
generated depends on intensity of incident IR radiation.
More intense radiation results in more reverse leakage
current. This current can be passed through a resistor so
as to get proportional voltage. Thus as intensity of
incident rays varies, voltage across resistor will vary
accordingly. This voltage can then be given to OPAMP
based comparator. Output of the comparator can be read
by microcontroller. Then relay is used for load purpose.

IV. MATHEMATICAL DESCRIPTION

Fig.2 Stimulated circuit design of Charge controller
The mutual inductance M can be expressed as following

M = K × (LP×LS)1/2

Where K is the coupling coefficient which can be

expressed as following
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This paper is very useful for minimizing the complicated

wired networks for power transmission. There will be no
need of wires to charge the devices like mobile, laptop,
electric car, etc. and the devices can also be charged
while moving. The threats generated due to wired power
transmission such as shorting of wires, electric shocks,
energy theft issues, etc. may be successfully avoided
using this project. This system can be easily set up
within any locations like home, colleges, hospitals,
industries, etc. and the power generated from the solar
energy sources can also be connected to main grid. Due
to the use of solar energy source, pollution caused
during power generation can be avoided to a great extent
Fig.3 Stimulated cicrcuit design of Wireless Power through this paper. This paper provides a smart way of
Transmitter power saving and avoids unnecessary wastage of
electricity as well as related extra electricity billing
charges by means of automatic power control system.

VII. CONCLUSION

In this paper we tried to create energy from renewable

energy sources like solar source due to which pollution
can be avoided up to high extent. Electricity generated
from these sources can be connected to main grid if
required. This energy generated will be then used as
power source for all the electric appliances within the
locality. To save the energy by avoiding unnecessary
power wastage, automatic power management and
Fig. 4 Stimulated circuit design of Wireless Power
control system plays an important role in this paper.
Receiver
Thus there is no need to take care about power saving
manually. With the advancements taking place in
electrical and electronics world, it is now required to
design efficient user friendly products using recent
technologies. The paper not only focuses on effective
energy generation and intelligent power management
but also aims in wireless power transfer to charge the
electric devices in efficient way. Although a lot of
research is still in process for wireless power
transmission, we tried to provide a wireless power
transfer system for charging electric devices like mobile
phones effectively. Now the user can charge their
devices without using wires. The paper gives various
smart solutions for certain power issues effectively and
this system can be implemented anywhere like in homes,
hospitals, colleges, libraries, industries, etc.
Fig.5 Stimulated cicrcuit design of Power Management
using LPC2148 microcontroller
REFERENCES
VI. FUTURE SCOPE
[1] Taha Touzri, Mahdi Ben Ghorbel, Bechir
Hamdaoui, Mohsen Guizani, “Efficient Usage of
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Renewable Energy in Communication Systems
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wireless communications, vol. 15, no. 5, May
be extended up to 1m. Closed loop buck converter can
2016.
be realized to get desired regulated DC output voltage.
Dynamic wireless battery charger may also be designed.
[2] Diego Arcos-Aviles, Julio Pascual, Luis
To get maximum energy transfer efficiency a suitable
Marroyo, “Fuzzy Logic-Based Energy
structure of inductor coil will be made.
Management System Design for Residential
Grid-Connected Microgrids”, DOI

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 International Journal of Electrical, Electronics and Computer Systems (IJEECS)
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[6] Zhu Liu, Zhizhang (David) Chen, “A Planar L-

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

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