Patrick Harel: Personal Safety Division
Patrick Harel: Personal Safety Division
Patrick Harel: Personal Safety Division
Patrick Harel
Ph- 920-216-9825
Personal Safety Division pcharel@mmm.com
62‐594 Rev. B
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Think Again!
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62‐594 Rev. B
62‐594 Rev. B
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TRIVIA
1: Where was the first use of Fall Protection?
1933‐ Golden Gate Bridge ‐ Netting
2: What is the “ Half way to Hell Club”?
Created by the workers who fell into the net
3: How many members where there?
19. 11 workers died from falls
4: How many people died during the actual construction
of the Hoover Dam? ( First concrete poured in June 1933)
96
1st was J.G Tierney. Coincidentally, his son, Patrick Tierney,
was the last man to die on the dam, 13 years to the day
later.
62‐594 Rev. B
Standards
• Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA) 29 CFR 1910 and 1926
– Governing Body
– Sets and enforces laws
• American National Standard Institute (ANSI)
Z359 series various dates
– Voluntary compliance board
– Sets guidelines for the manufacture of equipment
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OSHA Definitions
Authorized Person
A person approved or assigned by the employer to perform a specific type of duty or
duties or to be at a specific location or locations at the jobsite.
Competent Person
One who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the
surroundings or working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous
to employees, and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to
eliminate them.
Qualified Person
One who, by possession of a recognized degree, certificate, or professional standing,
or who by extensive knowledge, training and experience, has successfully
demonstrated his ability to solve or resolve problems relating to the subject matter,
the work, or the project.
62‐594 Rev. B
Fall Protection in the 21st Century
Motivators
• OSHA 1926.502 Sub‐part M
• 29 CFR 1910 Sub‐part D & I
• ANSI
• Liability & Due Diligence
• Insurance
• Ensuring every worker gets
home safely!
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Statistics
2014 OSHA Violations
1. Fall Protection = 7,515
2. Hazard Communication = 6,148
3. Scaffolding = 4,968
4. Respiratory Protection = 3,147
5. Powered Indus. Truck = 3,147
2015 OSHA Violations
1. Fall Protection = 6,721
2. Hazard Communication = 5,192
3. Scaffolding = 4,295
4. Respiratory Protection = 3,305
5. Lockout/Tagout = 3,002
62‐594 Rev. B
Census of Fatal Occupational
Injuries Summary, 2013
Fatal falls, slips, or trips took the lives of 699
workers in 2013
Falls to lower level
Slips/Trips
Falls to a lower level accounted for 574 or about 82% of those fatalities
1 in 4 occurred 10ft or lower and 1/5th occurred over 30ft.
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fee
.33sec./2 feet Anatomy
..67 sec./7 feet
.67sec./7 feet of a Fall
10ft – 17MPH
1 sec./16 feet
1 sec./16 feet
• It takes most people
about 1/3 of a second to
20ft – 24MPH become aware.
• It takes another 1/3 of a
30ft ‐ 30MPH second for the body to
react.
40ft – 35MPH • A body can fall up to 7
feet in 2/3 of a second.
2 sec./64 feet
2 sec./64 feet
Fall Protection is needed when…
OSHA Says…
• If there is a hazard below you
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Fall Protection is needed when…
MSHA 56.15005 Says…
• Fall protection is required
when there is a danger of falling.
• There is no set height this is
arbitrary.
62‐594 Rev. B
Hierarchy of Fall Protection
1. Eliminate the Hazard
2. Passive Systems (Guardrails/Netting)
3. Fall Restraint/ Work Positioning
4. Fall Arrest
5. Administrative Controls
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Engineering out the Hazard
62‐594 Rev. B
Passive Fall Protection
Guardrail 42”
+/‐ 3”
Railing 42”
+/‐ 3”
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Fall Restraint
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Work Positioning System
OSHA 1926.502 (e)
• 2 ft. Free fall limit
• Anchorage
requirement 3000 lbs.
• OSHA considers decent
control/rescue systems
same as work
positioning
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Primary
vs.
Secondary
Protection
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Fall Arrest
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62‐594 Rev. B
Fall Arrest Considerations
Personal
• Clearance
• Freefall
• Rescue
• Energy Absorption
Site
• Obstructions
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Components of a Fall Arrest System
ANCHORS CONNECTORS
BODY SUPPORT
DESCENT/RESCUE
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Anchorages
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Anchorage Classes
Certified (Engineered) Non‐Certified (Improvised)
2 to 1 safety factor
As low as 1800 lbs. for OSHA & ANSI Requires 5000 lbs
62‐594 Rev. B
Anchors….5000 lbs.
Impact Force M.A.F.
Maximum Arresting Force
Strength and Stability
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Anchorage Connectors
62‐594 Rev. B
Body Support
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62‐594 Rev. B
Belt vs. Harness
OSHA 1926.502 (d):
“Effective Jan. 1, 1998,
body belts are not
acceptable as part of a
personal fall arrest
system...”
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Proper Use of Belts
OSHA
1926.502 (d):
…The use of a
body belt in a
positioning
device system is
acceptable…
Work Positioning Fall Restraint
62‐594 Rev. B
Full Body Harness
ANSI
Fall Arrest
(always must have)
OSHA 1926.502 (d) (16)
(ii):
Personal fall arrest
systems shall limit the
maximum arresting
force on an employee to
1,800 pounds (8 kN)
when used with a body
harness.
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Other Harness Types
Controlled Descent
Escape & Evacuation
62‐594 Rev. B
Connectors
Connectors include lanyards, snap‐hooks,
carabineers, deceleration devices such as
SRD’s, ladder climbing systems, vertical &
horizontal lifelines and rope grabs
OSHA says…“ [1926.502(e)(5)]: Connecting
assemblies shall have a minimum tensile
strength of 5,000 lbs. (22 kN)."
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Hardware
Snaphooks Carabineers
(OSHA)‐
1910‐Must be double acting, auto‐locking, have 3600 rated gate,
1926‐Must be double acting, Front Load 220lbs, Side Load 330lbs .(However, 1926
follows ANSI A10 who now also mandates 3600lbs. On gates.
(ANSI)‐Must be double acting, auto‐locking, have 3600 rated gate,
rated for 5000 lbs.
AND REMEMBER, you cannot connect a SNAPHOOK to a
CARABINER!!
62‐594 Rev. B
Incompatible Connections
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Lanyards
• Many different types
of lanyards
• Needs to be able to
reduce energy from
5000 lbs force to…
• 1800 lbs for OSHA
and
• 900 lbs for ANSI
• less is very common
with shock absorber
62‐594 Rev. B
Shock Absorbers
Remember:
• Always connect the shock pack to
the Dorsal D‐ring
• Make sure you are not exceeding
the weight limit of the lanyard
• Never connect two lanyards
together
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Fall Clearance
Lanyards
• Measure from anchor point
• Formula – LL + DD + HH + C = RD
• LL= Lanyard Length
• DD= Deceleration Distance
• HH= Height of Suspended Worker
(Including Harness Stretch)
• C= Safety Factor
• RD= Required fall clearance
• Some competitors measure from
working surface
• Conservative calculation
62‐594 Rev. B
Fall Clearance
This formula works
regardless of where
anchorage point is Measurement uses
located‐ overhead, foot anchorage point as
level, waist level. the starting point
Deceleration is
maximum amount
D ring slide and
per lanyard
harness stretch
included in Height of
worker
LL+DD+HH+C=RD
6’+4’+6’+1.5’= 17.5
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Aerial Work Platforms
62‐594 Rev. B
Self Retracting Devices
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SRD/SRLs
SRL ‐ Self Retracting Lanyard SRD ‐ Self Retracting Device
Classes
• Class A: A class A SRD will stop the fall within 24” and ensure the forces
are below 1350 lbs.
• Class B: a class B SRD will stop the fall within 54” and ensure that the
forces are below 900 lbs.
Types
• SRL‐R: An SRD with some sort of rescue capability, this could be an
incorporated winch or automatic descent capability.
• SRL‐LE: An SRD that has been designed for a worker falling over an edge.
• Will have an integral external shock absorber.
• Will have a cable that can withstand a sharp edge.
62‐594 Rev. B
Fall Clearance
• Self Retracting Devices (SRD’s)
(Class B)
• Measured from working surface
• Most SRD’s use 6 ft. as the required
fall clearance distance
• RD= TFD+HS+C = 3.5’+1’+1.5’= 6’
Swing falls will add to required
clearance. As you swing below
anchor point, you get closer to the
level below. PENDELUM
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Fall Clearance
Nano
Starts
at 4 ft.
62‐594 Rev. B
Fall Considerations
This limits to
Swing Fall a 4 ft. drop
Obstructions
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New ANSI Sharp Edge Requirements
Adhering to the most stringent safety standard ‐ ANSI Z359.14
• Must have an integral shock absorber.
• Must be tested to ensure the cable will not cut on an edge that is
.005” in thickness.
• Must still retract and extend after a fall
• Locking function must still work after a fall
• Must maintain an average arresting force below 900 lbs. And a
peak force below 1800lbs.
The Nano‐Lok™ edge uses an innovative combination of lifeline
material, energy absorption, and harness connection to reduce
forces both on the worker and the edge.
62‐594 Rev. B
SRD ‐ SHARP EDGES
DEFEAT SHARP EDGES EVERY TIME
• Sharp edges are found in many leading edge applications where a
traditional lifeline may be cut, shred or snap upon contact.
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SRD ‐ FOOT LEVEL TIE‐OFF
FORCE
• Products not specifically designed for foot level tie‐off can generate
forces exceeding 1,800 lbs. (8kN), well beyond accepted safety
parameters, in the event of a fall.
• The Nano‐Lok™ edge components work together to absorb the
energy, limiting the average arresting forces to 900 lbs. (4kN) or less.
62‐594 Rev. B
SRD Use
Tagline
Impact Indicator
Deployed
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Vertical Lifelines
ANSI Z359 3.2.7.2.3 : 5,600 lbs. Min. breaking strength
OSHA 1926.502 Subpart M, (D) (9): 5000 lbs. min breaking strength
62‐594 Rev. B
Fall Distance Calculations with VLL
• Freefall: 6 feet (with 3’ lanyard)
• Fall Arrester Lock off: 3.5 feet
• Energy Absorber Deployment: 4 feet
• D‐Ring Slide: 1 foot
• Lifeline Stretch: See below
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Roof Work
62‐594 Rev. B
Manual
Automatic
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Ladder Safety Systems
62‐594 Rev. B
Horizontal Lifeline Anchorages
Fh >>
Fv
Fh Fh
Fv
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Horizontal Lifelines
Temporary
OSHA 1926.502 (d) (8):
Horizontal lifelines shall be designed, installed, and used,
under the supervision of a QUALIFIED PERSON, as Permanent
part of a complete personal fall arrest system, which
maintains a safety factor of at least two.
62‐594 Rev. B
Clearance Requirements for
Temporary Horizontal Lifelines
Clearance measured from bottom of workers feet.
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Horizontal Rigid Rails
62‐594 Rev. B
Rescue Plan?
Some Days all
you can do is
smile and wait
for some kind
soul to come pull
your butt out of
the bind you ’ve
gotten yourself
into!
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Rescue Systems
Rollgliss™ Rollgliss™
R350™ R550™ Rescue Positioning Rollgliss™ SRL Rescue
Device (RPD) Device
RescueMatic™ Evacuation System
SelfRescue Rollgliss™ Rescue
Ladder
Suspension Trauma Straps
•1910.151 – Medical Aid
suggested in a letter of
interpretation
•4 to 15 minutes
DOES NOT REPLACE
RESCUE!!
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We have now added an “E” to the
A,B,C,D of Fall Protection
Fall Protection for “EQUIPMENT/Tools”
THANK YOU!
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