CHAPTER 1

The Problem
Background of the Study

Throughout the history, there have been attempts to prohibit

or limit drinking of alcohol and beverages. Prohibition is

normal in Islamic state where the religion forbids the

consumption of alcohol. Use range from a legal ban against the

drinking the luxury taxation on all alcoholic beverages. Most of

these measures have little or no effect. In the United States,

constitutional amendments banning alcohol beverages went into

effect in 1920, but millions of Americans defied the prohibition

law (Reyes, 1993 quoted by Kimbungan, Mabini and Saltin, 2005).

Further, there were many protection rackets run by the notorious

gangster during the period of prohibition. Prohibition was

repealed in 1933. Some government tried to control individual

drinking through rationing.

Oakley (1987) stated that prohibition was not just a matter

of “wets versus dry,” or a matter of political conviction or

health concerns. In 1917, the United States Supreme Court upheld

a law passed by Congress in 1913 forbidding interstate shipment

of alcoholic beverages into the areas where the manufacture and

the sale of liquor was illegal. On March of the same year,

congress passed on anti-liquor advertising bill, which prohibited

the use of United States mail to advertise “spirituous, vinous,

malted fermented, or other intoxicating liquors of any kind” in

area that locally restricted their advertising.

According to Nag (2017), alcohol is completely banned in

many countries with large Muslim populations. In Yemen, alcohol

is completely as it is believed to be against the principles of

Islam. Yemenis are not allowed to consume alcohol in the country

and the sale of alcohol is illegal in all parts of the country

with the exception of Aden and Sana’a where the drink is sold in

certain permitted restaurants, hotels, and nightclubs. Foreigners

who are non-Muslims are allowed to carry a limited volume of

alcohol into the country and drink in their private space.

In the United Arab Emirates addition, alcohol is allowed to

be sold under very strict regulations, with the exception of

Sharjah where it is completely banned. In Sharjah, only those

possessing an alcohol license (usually non-Muslims) from the

government are allowed to possess alcohol. Also, such valid

license holders can only consume alcohol within the confines of

their home. The consumption, sale or any other form of alcohol

use in the public is strictly prohibited and the offenders are

subject to imprisonment, flogging or other forms of punishment.

In the other emirates of the United Arab Emirates, alcohol is

allowed to be sold in restaurants, hotels, or other places where

the seller possesses a valid alcohol license. Alcohol consumption

is allowed for the non-Muslims but only within their private

residences or the hotels and bars they visit. No form of alcohol

use and drunken attitude in public places is tolerated in these

emirates. Foreign tourists are allowed to bring a limited number

of alcohol bottles into the country for their personal use (Nag,

2017).

In addition, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia implies a complete

ban on alcohol. It is illegal to manufacture, import, sell, and

consume alcohol in the country. Strict checking of baggage at the

airport is conducted to ensure no one enters the country with

alcohol. Harsh punishments are meted out to those caught selling

or drinking alcohol in public. Long-term imprisonment and

flogging might be used as modes of punishment. Foreigners are

also advised to be extremely cautious regarding this sensitive

subject and it is best to abstain oneself from alcoholic drinks

when visiting this country (Nag, 2017).

In China, alcohol consumption is increasing faster than

other parts of the world. Data from recent decades show a steady

increase in alcohol production and consumption and in rates of

alcohol-related conditions (Hao, Chen & Su, 2005; Cochrane, Chen,

Conigrave & Hao, 2003).

Drinking alcoholic beverages has been traditionally

accepted in China during major social events, such as the

spring festival, wedding ceremonies and birthday parties.

However, the rapid growth in the Chinese economy has been

accompanied by noticeable changes in the drinking behavior of

the Chinese population (Tang, Xiang, Wang, Cubells, Babor &

Hao, 2013).

Oakley (1987) specified that consumption of alcohol is

associated with a wide range of violent acts which include,

accidents, suicide, sexual assault, violence within the

family, felony and homicide.

The founding in 1970 of the National Institute on Alcohol

Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) coincided with a large increase in

Federal research funds for studies of alcohol policies related to

highway deaths and injuries, as well as injuries flowing from

alcohol-related crime and health problems resulting from heavy

alcohol consumption. Alcohol-related highway fatalities were at

an all-time high in 1970, and there were an estimated 100,000

alcohol-attributable deaths in the United States (Modad et al.

2004; NIAAA, 1998). In the 40 years since the founding of NIAAA,

those losses have been substantially reduced through the

implementation of laws and public health policies growing out of

research that has been summarized in Alcohol Research &

Health (AR&H). By 2001, alcohol-attributable deaths declined to

75,766 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2004).

In Atok, Benguet, it was observed that there were several

cases happening such as troubles, disturbance to the

tranquility of the night, physical injuries, reckless driving

and other offenses committed by those persons under the

influence of liquor. With these problems happening, the

municipal councilors and other municipal officials came to an

agreement to pass an ordinance regulating the selling and

serving of alcoholic beverages in all sari-sari stores, and

other business establishment, serving and selling of any kind

of alcoholic beverages; thus, this study is conducted to

determine the implementation of Liquor Ordinance (Municipal

Ordinance 41, s.2012).

Statement of the Problem

The major purpose of this study was to look into the

assessment of Liquor Ordinance (Municipal Ordinance 41-2012)

in Atok, Benguet.

Specifically, it sought answers to the following

questions:

1. What is the level of implementation of the Liquor

Ordinance?

1.1 Is there a significant difference between the

perceptions of implementers and community residents on the

level of implementation of the Liquor Ordinance?

2. What is the level of effectiveness of the strategies

used in the implementation of liquor ordinance?

 2.1 Is there a significant difference between the

perceptions of implementers and community residents on the

level of effectiveness of the strategies used in the

implementation of liquor ordinance?

3. What is the level of implementation of the strategies

used in the implementation of liquor ordinance?

3.1 Is there a significant difference between the

perceptions of implementers and community residents on the

level of implementation of the strategies used in the

implementation of liquor ordinance?

4. Is there a correlation between the level of

effectiveness and implementation of the strategies used on the

liquor ordinance?

Hypotheses of the Study

The following hypotheses were tested:

1. There is a significant difference between the

perceptions of implementers and community residents on the

level of implementation of the Liquor Ordinance.

2. There is a significant difference between the

perceptions of implementers and community residents on the

level of effectiveness of the strategies used by law enforcers

in the implementation of liquor ordinance.

 3. There is a significant difference between the

perceptions of implementers and community residents on the

level of implementation of the strategies used in the

implementation of liquor ordinance.

4. There is a high correlation between the level of

effectiveness and implementation of the ordinance.

Importance of the Study

The findings on the importance of implementing liquor

ordinance, knowing the strategies used, the support given by the

various sectors and the problems encountered are important to the

following:

PNP Personnel. It will serve as a guide to improve and

promote peace and order within their jurisdiction.

Municipal and Barangay Officials. They can be able to

evaluate the effectiveness of the ordinance; thus, they can make

revisions as to its content and implementation.

Community Residents. They will benefit from the findings

because a liquor-free community assures them of living

peacefully. This study will also give them the opportunity to be

involved in the evaluation of the ordinance, through their

barangay officials.
 Future Researchers. This study may serve as their basis to

conduct similar studies about the implementation of liquor

ordinance.

The Researcher. Being a police officer, this study will

provide her additional information on how to deal with persons

affected by the ordinance.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

The study determined the implementation of Liquor

Ordinance (Municipal Ordinance 41-2012) in Atok, Benguet

during the Calendar Year 2017.

It was delimited to the level of implementation of the

Liquor Ordinance, level of effectiveness of the strategies

used in the implementation of liquor ordinance, level of

implementation of the strategies used in the implementation of

liquor ordinance, and the correlation between the level of

effectiveness and implementation of the ordinance.

Theoretical/Conceptual Framework

Municipal Ordinance No. 41-2012 of Atok, Benguet is an

ordinance prohibiting the selling, dispensing, offering to

customers, drinking, taking in, buying alcoholic or intoxicating

beverage, wine and liquor such as whiskey, gin, brandy, rhum,

beer, basi, tuba, tapey, etc., whether foreign-brewed or locally

manufactured in sari-sari stores, grocery stores, restaurants,

tiendas, carinderias, and other similar establishment within a

radius of two hundred (200) lineal meters from any public

buildings, educational institutions and/or churches; and

prohibiting the drinking, taking, taking in of such alcoholic or

intoxicating beverage, wine and liquor in the immediate edge of

road ways of any public roads and to limit, regulate the selling,

displaying, offering to customers, drinking, taking in, buying

any such alcoholic or intoxicating beverage, wine and liquor

whether foreign-brewed or locally manufactured in any place

within the territorial jurisdiction of the municipality of Atok.

Article 155 paragraph 4 of the Revised Penal Code state

that, any person who, while intoxicated or otherwise, shall cause

any disturbance or scandal in public places shall be penalized of

not exceeding 200 pesos or suffer arrest menor (Reyes, 1993).

The police officer, in the performance of his multifarious

task is charged with bringing all law-breakers to court, but

while doing so, he is compelled to observe their constitutional

rights. Thus, it can be observed that the police officers are the

prime mover of the Criminal Justice System (CJS) that without the

police, the system is at stand-still.

Law enforcer being the first major component in the

operation of the CJS, is responsible for accomplishing the

enforcement of laws, decrees, and ordinances; the prevention of

crime; the protection of life and property; the preservation of

peace and order, and the safeguarding of the rights of the

citizens.

On account of a number of conditions simulating the

conditions of intoxication, a physician must exercise due care

and diligence in the history taking, physical examination and in

the observation of the signs and symptoms coupled with the

appropriate and available laboratory examination before the

diagnosis of drunkenness is entertained (Solis, 1987).

Among the strategies used to prevent drinking are

school based, involving curricula targeted at preventing alcohol,

tobacco, or marijuana use. Other approaches are extracurricular,

offering activities outside of school in the form of social or

life skills training or alternative activities

The goal of many school-based programs is to reduce the

onset and prevalence of adolescent alcohol use by decreasing

personal and social risk factors and strengthening personal and

social protective factors. Several successful tobacco, alcohol,

and marijuana prevention curricula exist, including Life Skills

Training (Botvin et al., 1995), Project Northland (Perry et al.,

1996), the Midwestern Prevention Project (Pentz et al., 1989),

Project SMART (Hansen and Graham, 1991), and Project ALERT

(Ellickson et al., 1993). These programs have given researchers a

better understanding of important components for classroom-based

programs.
 There is a consensus that today a general decay of

discipline exists in this country, both the individual and

national levels. Evidence of undisciplined and a rebellion to

ethical rules are very noticeable to private as well as in the

public places. Hostility to laws, customs and traditions are

very patent and a local disregard of good manners and right

conduct is fast being accepted. The perverted concept of liberty

that “a person may do whatever he pleases” and the mistaken

notion of democracy that “the least of government is the best,”

is constituting immensely to the breakdown of discipline. The

youth of today seem to revolt against anything that restrains the

expression of their ego and their emotions. So much of that

restrictive legislation for public officials employees and the

constituent members of the society have been passed to regulate

the personal conduct of people in public as well as in public

places (Tradio, 1990).

Observations have shown that many liquor establishment owners

are not following the rules and regulations such as violations of

the curfew hours. They are allowing their customers consume

alcohol beyond eight o’clock in the evening from Monday to

Saturday and even during Sundays and holidays. On the part of

the law enforcers, the implementation of the liquor ordinance is

very weak because they are not doing it every night making the
owner of liquor establishments serve alcohol beyond the curfew

hours.

In Caloocan, the city government would intensify the

implementation of a local ordinance that has prohibited residents

from drinking alcoholic beverages out in the streets. Based on

ordinance no. 0937 series of 2005, anyone that will be caught

having booze on the street will be promptly arrested by

authorities, risking possible jail time and payment of fine

(Calleja, 2011).

According to Tordecilla (2016), selling booze and drinking

in public places in Davao City are banned from 1 a.m. to 8 a.m.

Duterte’s spokesperson says the liquor ban will give hotel and

restaurant employees enough time to rest and allow them to go

back to work the next day. Violators face a hefty fine: Php 3,000

for the first offense, Php 5,000 or a three-month jail time for

the second offense, and Php 5,000 and one year in jail, including

the revocation of the establishment’s business permit, for the

third offense.

With the aforementioned devastating effects of alcohol,

therefore, it must be controlled. Solely treating people with

medication cannot control problem drinking and alcoholism.

Treatment should be coupled with proper education both in the

schools and in adult community to develop the nation habits of

moderation in the use of alcoholic beverages. It requires

investigation and testing of social policies on the control of

distribution of alcohol as well as the effective implementation

of this policy. Thus, this research is conducted in Atok,

Benguet.

The interplay of the variables is presented in the

succeeding page. The implementation of Liquor Ordinance,

effectiveness of the Strategies used by Law Enforcers in the

Implementation of Liquor Ordinance, implementation of strategies

and correlation between effectiveness and strategies used in

implementing liquor ordinance composed the independent variables

while the dependent variables are the level of implementation of

liquor ordinance, level of effectiveness of the strategies, level

of implementation of strategies and high correlation between

effectiveness and strategies. Implementers and community

residents are the moderator variables.

Figure 1 presents the paradigm of the study.

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

1. Implementation of 1. Level of
Liquor Ordinance implementation of
liquor ordinance
 Moderator Variables

1. Implementers
2. Community
Residents

Figure 1. Paradigm of the Study

Definition of Terms
 Important terms used in this study are defined according to

how they were used:

Area. This refers to the four barangays affected namely:

Calking, Cattubo, Abiang and Paoay.

Community residents. This refers to the people residing in

the four affected barangays.

Implementers. This pertains to the PNP personnel, SB members

and barangay officials.

Liquor. This refers to all intoxicating beverages such as

whiskey, brandy, gin, vodka, and other kinds of foreign and

domestically fermented drinks to include beer and native wines

(Orig, 1997).

Municipal Ordinance. It is a law of a particular city,

municipality made for its internal practice and good government.

CHAPTER 2

Design and Methodology

 This chapter discusses the research design, population and

locale of the study, data gathering tool, data gathering

procedures and the treatment of data.

Research Design

The study used the descriptive-survey method of research

because it aimed to look into the implementation of the Liquor

Ordinance in Atok, Benguet. The method of research which

concerns itself with the present phenomena in terms of

conditions, practices beliefs, processes, relationships or

trends invariably is termed as “descriptive survey study”.

According to Aggarwal (2008), descriptive research is

devoted to the gathering of information about prevailing

conditions or situations for the purpose of description and

interpretation. This type of research method is not simply

amassing and tabulating facts but includes proper analyses,

interpretation, comparisons, identification of trends and

relationships.

It is descriptive in nature because it analyzed the data

which were gathered regarding the implementation of liquor

ordinance.

The survey questionnaire was administered to the

respondents. The results were tabulated and statistically

treated. Interviews were also conducted to the implementers and

community residents to validate and support the data gathered

from the questionnaire.

Locale and Population of the Study

The respondents were the PNP personnel, and community

residents in Atok, Benguet.

Table 1 presents the population of the study.

Table 1. Population of the Study

Group Frequency Percentage
Implementers 38 27.54%
Community residents 100 72.46%
Total 138 100%

Data Gathering Tools

The survey-questionnaire was used to gather the needed data

for the study. Unstructured interviews were conducted to some of

the respondents to validate the gathered data. The questionnaire

is composed of three parts. Part I dealt on the level of

implementation of the Liquor Ordinance in Atok, Benguet. Part II

focused on the level of effectiveness of the strategies used in

the implementation of liquor ordinance. Part III dealt on the

level of implementation of the strategies used in implementing

the liquor ordinance.

The reliability of the research instrument was pre-tested to

the PNP personnel, SB members, selected barangay officials and

community residents of Tublay, Benguet.

 Data Gathering Procedures

Before the start of collecting data, the researcher asked

permission from the Chief of Police and Municipal Mayor for her

to be allowed to conduct the study.

After being given permission, the researcher coordinated

with the SB Member Chairman and concerned barangay officials to

administer the questionnaires to the public. The researcher

personally delivered and administered the questionnaires to the

target respondents. She also personally retrieved the

questionnaires from the selected barangays.

Treatment of Data

The data gathered from the respondents were treated

statistically using the appropriate statistical tools.

To find out the level of implementation of the Liquor

Ordinance in Atok, Benguet, the following were used:

Numerical Statistical Descriptive Symbol

Values Limits Equivalent

4 3.25 – 4.00 Fully Implemented FI

3 2.50 – 3.24 Moderately Implemented MI

2 1.75 – 2.49 Slightly Implemented SI

1 1.00 – 1.74 Not Implemented NI

 To determine the level of effectiveness of the strategies

used by law enforcers in the implementation of liquor ordinance,

the following were used:

Numerical Statistical Descriptive Symbol

Values Limits Equivalent

4 3.25 – 4.00 Highly Effective HE

3 2.50 – 3.24 Moderately Effective ME

2 1.75 – 2.49 Slightly Effective SE

1 1.00 – 1.74 Not Effective NE

To measure the level of implementation of the strategies

used in Liquor Ordinance in Atok, Benguet, the following were

used:

Numerical Statistical Descriptive Symbol

Values Limits Equivalent

4 3.25 – 4.00 Fully Implemented FI

3 2.50 – 3.24 Moderately Implemented MI

2 1.75 – 2.49 Slightly Implemented SI

1 1.00 – 1.74 Not Implemented NI

The weighted mean was used to quantify the data on the

specific problems of the study. The formula is (Calmorin &

Calmorin, 2007):
 WM=
∑ fx
n

Where:

∑ = summation

n= number of respondents

F = frequency

x = weight of each score

The t-test was used to determine the differences in the

perceptions of the respondents, with the formula (Garcia, 2004):

t = X1 – X 2
⌡SD12 + SD12
N1 N2

The relationship was established between the level of

effectiveness and strategies, the Pearson’s Product- Moment

Correlation (r) of Coefficient was used with the formula

(Fraenkel and Wallen, 2006):

r=n(¿
2 2 2 2
√ [ n ∑ x −(∑ ❑ x )❑ ] [ n ∑ ❑ y −(∑ ❑ y )❑ ]

Where,

r = Pearson correlation coefficient

x = Values in first set of data

y = Values in second set of data

n = Total number of values

 Chapter 3

Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data

This chapter presents the findings and discussions on the

Liquor Ordinance in Atok, Benguet. It discusses the perceived

level of implementation of Liquor Ordinance, Level of

effectiveness of the strategies used in the implementation of

liquor ordinance, level of implementation of the strategies

used in the implementation of liquor ordinance, and the

correlation between the level of effectiveness of the

strategies used in the implementation of liquor ordinance and

the level of implementation of the strategies used in the

implementation of liquor ordinance.

 Level of Implementation of the Liquor Ordinance

Table 2 presents the level of Implementation of Liquor

Ordinance in Atok, Benguet. It has an average of 2.83 with a

descriptive equivalent of moderately implemented. It means that

there is a reasonable implementation on the liquor ordinance

because the

Table 2. Level of Implementation of Liquor Ordinance

Descriptive
Indicators W.M Equivalent Rank
Section 1. No alcoholic or intoxicating
beverage, wine and liquor, such as
whiskey, gin, brandy, rhum, beer, basi,
tuba, tapey and the like whether foreign-
brewed or locally manufactured shall be
sold, displayed, offered to customers,
drank, taken in, and/or consumed, brought
in any sari-sari stores, restaurants,
carinderias, and other similar
establishments within a radius of two
hundred (200) lineal meters from any
public buildings, educational institutions
and/or churches. And, no such alcoholic or
intoxicating beverage, wine and liquor
shall be sold, brought by any person in
any residential building, other private-
owned building within the same distance
from any public building, educational Moderately
institutions and/or churches. 2.92 Implemented 3
Section 2. No alcoholic or intoxicating
beverage, wine and liquor shall be drank,
taken in and/or consumed in the immediate
edge of road ways, within road ways of any
public roads within the territorial Moderately
jurisdiction of Atok Municipality. 2.95 Implemented 1.5
Section 3. Duly licensed sari-sari stores,
grocery stores, restaurants, tiendas,
carinderias, and other similar
establishments shall sell alcoholic or
intoxicating beverage, wine and liquor
only from 8:00AM to 8:00PM from Mondays to
Saturdays and on town fiestas then from
9:00AM to 2:00PM on Sundays, legal or Moderately
special holidays. 2.95 Implemented 1.5
Section 4. No alcoholic or intoxicating 2.77 Moderately 4
beverage, wine and liquor whether foreign Implemented
 brewed or locally manufactured shall be
sold, offered, dispensed, and/or given to
person below 21 years of age.

In case of doubt, owners, proprietors

and/or keepers of stores, restaurants and
other similar establishments duly licensed
to sell alcoholic or intoxicating
beverage, wine and liquor must demand the
production of the customer’s residence
certificate.
Section 5. No person below 21 years of age
shall carry, keep and/or conceal any
alcoholic or intoxicating beverage, wine
and liquor whether foreign-brewed or
locally manufactured within a radius of
two hundred (200) lineal meters from any
public buildings, educational institutions Moderately
and/or churches. 2.73 Implemented 5
Section 6. Any person or persons violating
any provisions of Sections 1,2,3 and 4 of
this Ordinance shall be punished by a fine
of not less than five hundred pesos
(PHP500.00), for the first offense, one
thousand pesos (PHP1,000.00) for the
second offense and two thousand five
hundred pesos (PHP2,500.00) for the third
offense, or an imprisonment of not less
than three (3) months and not exceeding
six (6) months, or both at the discretion
of the court. If the recidivist is the
owner, proprietor, manager or any person
entrusted with the operation or
administration of an establishment, in
addition to the fine or imprisonment
prescribed above, or both, the
permit/license for the operation of
his/her establishment be automatically
revoked and the operation shall likewise
be automatically closed.
Such revocation shall forfeit all sums
which may have been paid in respect for Moderately
said privileges. 2.64 Implemented 6
Moderately
Average 2.83 Implemented

police officers are really doing their job as stipulated in the

ordinance. However, there are still ordinances that are not

being executed completely in the community.

 Yet, Top Cop Byron Allatogsaid that based on police records

a decrease on crimes during the first month of strict

implementation of the liquor halt was seen further proving it

serves as a deterrent for crimes committed under the influence of

liquor in establishments in the Valley (Catajan , September 20,

2013).

Section 2 and section 3 of the ordinance topped the rank

with a weighted mean of 2.95 interpreted as moderately

implemented.

Section 2 which states that “No alcoholic or intoxicating

beverage, wine and liquor shall be drank, taken in and/or

consumed in the immediate edge of road ways, within road ways of

any public roads within the territorial jurisdiction of Atok

Municipality.” It means that the officials do not allow

establishment to sell within road ways or near the roads. Hence,

the ordinance protects the welfare and health of the people in

their jurisdiction.

This section conforms to Ordinance No. 25, Section 3 on

General Provision of which states that no person shall drink any

alcoholic or intoxicating beverage in any public street, sidewalk

and public parks within the territorial jurisdiction of the City

of Vigan. This has been enacted on August 18, 2014.

In the same manner, Davao City Council approved on third and

final reading on March 6 ordinance prohibiting drinking liquor

along the street, on sidewalks, in public parks and playgrounds,

and will soon be punishable. The Sobriety Ordinance states, "The

consumption of alcoholic beverages in public spaces which

includes sidewalks, public parks and playground, among others, is

no longer allowed (Cañedo, March 7, 2018).”

Section 3 which states that “Duly licensed sari-sari stores,

grocery stores, restaurants, tiendas, carinderias, and other

similar establishments shall sell alcoholic or intoxicating

beverage, wine and liquor only from 8:00AM to 8:00PM from Mondays

to Saturdays and on town fiestas then from 9:00AM to 2:00PM on

Sundays, legal or special holidays.” This is implemented in the

municipality through the officials including the barangay tanods

who go around checking whether the establishments are observing

the opening and closing time stipulated in the ordinance.

Consequently, with the liquor ordinance of La Trinidad,

Catajan (2013) reported that the 8 p.m. liquor ban is seen as the

answer to protect the youth as well as families from having late

nights out over alcohol as well as the prevention of crimes in

the La Trinidad Valley.

Further, Allatog said based on police records a decrease on

crimes during the first month of strict implementation of the

liquor halt was seen further proving it serves as a deterrent for

crimes committed under the influence of liquor in establishments

in the Valley (Catajan, 2013).

However, there are still residents who break the ordinance.

When the tanods in a barangay goes to the establishment, they do

not listen to them, along the road, it is obvious and it can be

seen by the community residents that owners accommodate people to

drink in the store or near the store or within their jurisdiction

even during the night.

Next in rank is Section 1 described as moderately

implemented having a weighted mean of 2.92. It states that “No

alcoholic or intoxicating beverage, wine and liquor, such as

whiskey, gin, brandy, rhum, beer, basi, tuba, tapey and the like

whether foreign-brewed or locally manufactured shall be sold,

displayed, offered to customers, drank, taken in, and/or

consumed, brought in any sari-sari stores, restaurants,

carinderias, and other similar establishments within a radius of

two hundred (200) lineal meters from any public buildings,

educational institutions and/or churches. And, no such alcoholic

or intoxicating beverage, wine and liquor shall be sold, brought

by any person in any residential building, other private-owned

building within the same distance from any public building,

educational institutions and/or churches.”

The results implies that liquor establishments

are far from educational institutions and/or churches.

Considering the area of Atok, houses are far from each other

except in a business center.

Section 4 belongs to the bottom three indicators with a

weighted mean of 2.77. It states that “No alcoholic or

intoxicating beverage, wine and liquor whether foreign brewed or

locally manufactured shall be sold, offered, dispensed, and/or

given to person below 21 years of age.” This means that minors

are still allowed to drink intoxicated beverages. One tanod said

that when the minors are accompanied by adults, they are being

allowed to drink. This means that the adults take the

responsibility. It is also observed when the adults bring home

liquor; their children can drink as long as the father is with

them.

It was concluded in the study of Swahn, Palmier, Benegas-

Segarra and Sinson(2013) that there are significant associations

between alcohol marketing exposure and increased alcohol use and

drunkenness among youth in the Philippines. These findings

highlight the need to put policies into effect that restrict

alcohol marketing practices as an important prevention strategy

for reducing alcohol use and its dire consequences among

vulnerable youth.

Though progress is being made, underage drinking remains a

persistent problem. According to the 2016 NSDUH, about 7.3

million Americans between the ages of 12 and 20 report current

alcohol consumption; this represents 19% of this age group for

whom alcohol consumption is illegal. Among 12-20 year olds,

reported rates of past month consumption, binge drinking and

heavy alcohol all declined between 2007 and 2016 (“Underage

Drinking Statistics”, n.d).

A 2001 survey was conducted in the Philippines (total sample

size n = 1105; age group 15 to 19 years old) found that 24.3% of

the total population sampled were current drinkers. 42.4% of

males and 11.1% of females were reported to be currently drinking

alcohol.6 Youth survey interviewed a national sample of 5266 men

and 5612 women aged 15 to 24 in 1994. Data for age group 15 to 19

years old show that the rate of current drinkers among males was

47% and 12% among females.

Fifth in rank is Section 5 (2.73, MI) which states that “No

person below 21 years of age shall carry, keep and/or conceal any

alcoholic or intoxicating beverage, wine and liquor whether

foreign-brewed or locally manufactured within a radius of two

hundred (200) lineal meters from any public buildings,

educational institutions and/or churches.” This implies that

when someone buys liquor, they do not anymore check if the one

buying is a minor or adult.

Last in rank is Section 6 (2.64, MI). It states that “Any

person or persons violating any provisions of Sections 1,2,3 and

4 of this Ordinance shall be punished by a fine of not less than

five hundred pesos (PhP500.00), for the first offense, one

thousand pesos (PhP1,000.00) for the second offense and two

thousand five hundred pesos (PhP2,500.00) for the third offense,

or an imprisonment of not less than three (3) months and not

exceeding six (6) months, or both at the discretion of the court.

If the recidivist is the owner, proprietor, manager or any person

entrusted with the operation or administration of an

establishment, in addition to the fine or imprisonment prescribed

above, or both, the permit/license for the operation of his/her

establishment be automatically revoked and the operation shall

likewise be automatically closed. Such revocation shall forfeit

all sums which may have been paid in respect for said

privileges.” This means that sometimes persons who are violating

this section of the Liquor Ordinance are not being reprimanded

and are not being punished. “Kumpadre and Kabagyan” system are

still observed in the area in which the establishment owners talk

to a politician or barangay officials to revoke the punishment.

Thus, this section of the liquor ordinance is not followed.

Difference in the perceptions on the level

of implementation of the Liquor Ordinance
 Table 2.1 reveals the difference in the level of

implementation of liquor ordinance between the implementers and

community residents.

Both the implementers and community residents perceived the

implementation of liquor ordinance to be moderate. However, a

difference of 1.0 in the weighted means was noted. The

implementers have a higher perception than the community

residents. It is attributed to the responsiveness of the

implementers in the implementation of Liquor ordinance. Yet, the

police officers or implementers are the top main concern.

Further, the implementers are more knowledgeable in the processes

and protocols of liquor ordinance as to implementation than the

community residents.

Table 2.1 Difference in the level of implementation of the Liquor

Ordinance

Indicators Implementers Residents

Section 1. No alcoholic or intoxicating
beverage, wine and liquor, such as whiskey,
gin, brandy, rhum, beer, basi, tuba, tapey
and the like whether foreign-brewed or
locally manufactured shall be sold,
displayed, offered to customers, drank,
taken in, and/or consumed, brought in any
sari-sari stores, restaurants, carinderias,
and other similar establishments within a
radius of two hundred (200) lineal meters
from any public buildings, educational
institutions and/or churches. And, no such
alcoholic or intoxicating beverage, wine and
liquor shall be sold, brought by any person
in any residential building, other private-
owned building within the same distance from
any public building, educational 3.26 2.80
institutions and/or churches. FI MI
Section 2. No alcoholic or intoxicating
beverage, wine and liquor shall be drank,
taken in and/or consumed in the immediate
edge of road ways, within road ways of any
public roads within the territorial 3.21 2.86
jurisdiction of Atok Municipality. MI MI
Section 3. Duly licensed sari-sari stores,
grocery stores, restaurants, tiendas,
carinderias, and other similar
establishments shall sell alcoholic or
intoxicating beverage, wine and liquor only
from 8:00AM to 8:00PM from Mondays to
Saturdays and on town fiestas then from
9:00AM to 2:00PM on Sundays, legal or 3.39 2.78
special holidays. FI MI
Section 4. No alcoholic or intoxicating
beverage, wine and liquor whether foreign
brewed or locally manufactured shall be
sold, offered, dispensed, and/pr given to
person below 21 years of age.

In case of doubt, owners, proprietors and/or

keepers of stores, restaurants and other
similar establishments duly licensed to sell
alcoholic or intoxicating beverage, wine and
liquor must demand the production of the 3.05 2.66
customer’s residence certificate. MI MI
Section 5. No person below 21 years of age
shall carry, keep and/or conceal any
alcoholic or intoxicating beverage, wine and
liquor whether foreign-brewed or locally
manufactured within a radius of two hundred
(200) lineal meters from any public
buildings, educational institutions and/or 3.11 2.59
churches. MI MI
Section 6. Any person or persons violating 2.97 2.51
any provisions of Sections 1,2,3 and 4 of MI MI
this Ordinance shall be punished by a fine
of not less than five hundred pesos
(PHP500.00), for the first offense, one
thousand pesos (PHP1,000.00) for the second
offense and two thousand five hundred pesos
(PHP2,500.00) for the third offense, or an
imprisonment of not less than three (3)
months and not exceeding six (6) months, or
both at the discretion of the court. If the
recidivist is the owner, proprietor, manager
or any person entrusted with the operation
or administration of an establishment, in
addition to the fine or imprisonment
prescribed above, or both, the
permit/license for the operation of his/her
establishment be automatically revoked and
the operation shall likewise be
automatically closed.
Such revocation shall forfeit all sums which
 may have been paid in respect for said
privileges.
3.17 2.70
Average MI MI
p-value = 0.00 α = 0.05 *significant

Statistically, the p-value of .00 is lesser than the alpha-

value of 0.05 which means that there is a significant difference

in the perceptions between the implementers and community

residents. It implies that the perceptions of the implementers

significantly differ from the perceptions of the community

residents.

Hence, there is a significant difference between the perceptions

of the implementers and community residents in the implementation

of liquor ordinance.

Level of effectiveness of the strategies used

in the implementation of liquor ordinance

As gleaned on table 3, the level of effectiveness of the

strategies used in the implementation of liquor ordinance has an

over-all weighted mean of 3.23 interpreted as moderately

effective. It implies that the strategies used in implementing

liquor ordinance are functional.

In La Trinidad, Benguet located near Atok, Benguet was noted

to have a decreased of crime because of the strict enforcement of

the liquor ordinance. Top cop Byron Allatog reported a

significant decrease in crimes on physical injuries from the

period of July to August, at the height of implementation of the

8 p.m. halt in serving liquor (Catajan, September 20, 2013).

Table 3. Level of Effectiveness of the liquor ordinance

Indicators Descriptive
W.M Equivalent Rank
1. Inspection by members of the
police officers of all
establishments that are Moderately
liquor-oriented 3.16 Effective 4
2. Periodic inspection of the
task force created by the
Municipal Mayor to strengthen
Inspections made by the Moderately
police officers 3.20 Effective 3
3. Implementation of the
ordinance by the barangay
officials in their respective Moderately
barangays 3.15 Effective 5
4. Information campaign Moderately
3.22 Effective 2
5. Patrolling Highly
3.54 Effective 1
6. Partnering with other Law
Enforcement Agencies, NGOs/NGAs, Moderately
Force Multipliers and others 3.12 Effective 6
Average Moderately
3.23 Effective
Patrolling ranked first with a weighted mean of 3.54

interpreted as highly effective. It means that implementers “go

the rounds” to insure the safety of the community residents. As

observed by everyone in the community, the police officers who

are in-charge in a particular duty hours monitor establishments

in all areas who are serving liquor.

Further, implementers also enter in restaurants, stores that

serve liquor to check whether the ordinance is being followed.

 Patrolling among the implementers who are the police

officers is done six (6) times a day and more, though it will

depend on the situation and circumstances of one area.

Gresham (n.d) opined that patrolling officers serve an

important role in a department's community policing strategy.

Additionally, he said that patrols involve police officers

visiting an area not to respond to a specific call but to travel

through the area and observe it. 

Next is “Information Campaign” with a weighted mean of 3.22,

having a descriptive equivalent of moderately effective. It is

attributed to the distribution of Information Education Campaign

(IEC) like fliers or leaflets on curfew hours and serving of

liquors. Further, lectures are being conducted to the

owners of establishments and dialogues are done between owners

and officials.

Periodic inspection of the task force created by the

Municipal Mayor to strengthen inspections made by the police

officers got a weighted mean of 3.20 interpreted as moderately

effective. It means that periodic inspection is done to ensure if

the ordinance is being implemented. There is a need to inspect

in order to show to the owners that the ordinance will not only

be a paper and it has to be put into practice.

Fourth is “Inspection by members of the police officers of

all establishments that are liquor-oriented” obtained a

weighted mean of 3.16 with a description of moderately effective.

This means that the implementation is not done to all the

establishments. There are those small stores that are not being

inspected. Cases are when the inspection is going on, owners

close their liquor establishments and when the inspection is done

they open and continue serving the costumers.

The implementation of the ordinance by the barangay

officials in their respective barangays has a weighted mean of

3.15 described as moderately effective. It implies that the

owners of the establishments do not listen to barangay officials

when they are the once implementing the liquor ordinance; that in

some cases the barangay officials need to ask the help from the

police officers when they go around the establishments. It means

that the barangay officials are not much effective in

implementing the liquor ordinance.

Lastly, Partnering with other Law Enforcement Agencies,

NGOs/NGAs, Force Multipliers and others having a weighted mean of

3.12 described as moderately effective. This was ranked last

because absolutely the owners would not want many officials and

other agencies to implement because it creates confusions among

them. Even the implementers cannot work well if there are lot of

issues and a lot of implementations that create ambiguity.

Difference in the level of effectiveness of the strategies

used in the implementation of liquor ordinance
 As shown in table 3.1, slight difference between the means

of implementers and community residents was noted. However,

implementers perceived the level of effectiveness of the

strategies in the implementation of liquor as high while the

community residents perceived to be moderate. The difference

lies on the Periodic inspection of the task force created by the

Municipal Mayor to strengthen inspections made by the police

officers and implementation of the ordinance by the Barangay

Officials in their respective barangays.

Table 3.1 Difference in the Level of Effectiveness of the

strategies in the implementation of Liquor ordinance

Implementer Resident
Indicators s s
1. Inspection by members of the
police officers of all
establishments that are 3.11 3.18
liquor-oriented ME ME
2. Periodic inspection of the
task force created by the
Municipal Mayor to strengthen
Inspections made by the 3.39 3.13
police officers HE ME
3. Implementation of the
ordinance by the barangay
officials in their respective 3.47 3.03
barangays HE ME
4. Information campaign 3.50 3.11
HE ME
5. Patrolling 3.92 3.40
HE HE
6. Partnering with Partnering 3.16 3.11
with other Law Enforcement ME ME
Agencies, NGOs/NGAs, Force
 Multipliers and others
3.43 3.16
Average HE ME
p-value= 0.04 α = 0.05 *significant

Statistically, the p-value of .04 is lesser than the alpha-

value of 0.05 which means that there is a significant difference

in the perceptions between the implementers and community

residents. It implies that the perceptions of the implementers

significantly differ from the perceptions of the community

residents.

Hence, there is a significant difference between the

perceptions of the implementers and community residents in the

level of effectiveness of the strategies in the implementation of

liquor ordinance.

Level of implementation of the strategies used

in the Implementation of Liquor Ordinance

As shown in table 4, the strategies used in the

implementation of Liquor ordinance is fully implemented with a

weighted mean of 3.28. It indicates that all the strategies used

in the implementation are all perceived to be highly implemented.

Its full implementation creates a good impact to the community.

First in rank is patrolling (3.42), which the implementers

specifically the police officers are doing their duty in their

workplace. It implies that police patrolling insures the safety

of the community.

Gresham (n.d) said that a key aspect of police patrol is

providing a high visibility for the police force in a

neighborhood. Visible patrolling officers provide residents,

visitors, and others in an area a strengthened sense of safety

and security. That's one reason officers who are serving on

certain types of patrol, particularly in neighborhoods, will

appear conspicuously in uniforms and marked patrol cars. They

will visit both prominent locations and locations where past

crimes have occurred to improve a sense of safety in those areas.

Table 4. Level of implementation of the strategies used in the

Implementation of Liquor Ordinance
Descriptive
Indicators W.M Equivalent Rank
1. Inspection by members of the
Police officers of all
establishments that are Fully
liquor-oriented 3.31 Implemented 2
2. Periodic inspection of the
task force created by the
Municipal Mayor to strengthen
Inspections made by the Fully
Police officers 3.27 Implemented 4
3. Implementation of the
ordinance by the barangay
officials in their respective Fully
barangays 3.30 Implemented 3
4. Information campaign Moderately
3.14 Implemented 6
5. Patrolling Fully
3.42 Implemented 1
6. Partnering with other Law 3.22 Moderately 5
Enforcement Agencies, NGOs/NGAs, Implemented
 Force Multipliers and others
Average Fully
3.28 Implemented

Next is “inspection by members of the Police

officers of all establishments that are

liquor-oriented” (3.31) is fully implemented in the community.

The implementers do the inspection to check if the owners are

abiding with the ordinance.

Third in rank is “implementation of the ordinance by the

barangay officials in their respective barangays” with a weighted

mean of 3.30. The fully implementation of this strategy is

attributed by the quality of duty that is stipulated in the job

of the barangay officials.

On the duties of barangay chairman stipulated in SECTION.

389. Chief Executive: Powers, Duties, and Functions; b.1)

Enforce all laws and ordinances which are applicable within the

Barangay; b.3)Maintain public order in the Barangay and, in

pursuance thereof, assist the city or municipal mayor and the

sanggunian members in the performance of their duties and

functions; and b.6) Organize and lead an emergency group whenever

the same may be necessary for the maintenance of peace and order

or on occasions of emergency or calamity within the Barangay

(Robles, n.d). Barangay Chairman is responsible to the acts and

duties of his subordinates since they are representing one

barangay.

“Periodic inspection of the task force created by the

Municipal Mayor to strengthen Inspections made by the Police

officers” was perceived to be fully implemented with a weighted

mean of 3.27. The implementation of this periodic inspection is

regular but it is done only once a year in every barangay.

However, the community residents are not much aware about this

periodic inspection that made them unfamiliar.

“Partnering with other Law Enforcement Agencies,

NGOs/NGAs, Force Multipliers and others” has a weighted mean of

3.22 interpreted as moderately implemented. Officials from other

agencies cannot collaborate easily because of the wide area that

they are catering. It implies that they lack partnership with

other officials.

Last rank is “Information campaign” with a weighted mean of

3.14 having a description of moderately implemented. It means

that this strategy is not always implemented since this needs a

lot of planning and preparation like lectures and dialogue among

community residents and owners.

Information campaigns like fliers or leaflets can be posted

and can be filed in the office or by the owners and community

residents. Wide distribution of fliers or leaflets even done

seldom can suffice the information campaign.

Difference between the perceptions of implementers

and community residents on the level of
implementation of the strategies used on
liquor ordinance

As gleaned in table 4.1, a difference was noted between the

perceptions of the implementers and community residents. The

implementers perceived the implementation to be fully implemented

while the community residents perceived it to be moderately

implemented. It is so because the implementers are aware of the

strategies that they have been implementing them and each of the

strategy that they apply are documented through their records.

Statistically, the p-value of .00 is lesser than the alpha-

value of 0.05 which means that there is a significant difference

in the perceptions between the implementers and community

residents. It implies that the perceptions of the implementers

significantly differ from the perceptions of the community

residents.

Hence, there is a significant difference between the

perceptions of the implementers and community residents in the

level of implementation of the strategies in the implementing the

liquor ordinance.
Table 4.1 Difference in the Level of implementation of the
strategies used in the implementation of liquor ordinance
Indicators Implementer Residents
1. Inspection by members of the
Police officers of all
establishments that are 3.59 3.20
liquor-oriented FI MI
2. Periodic inspection of the
task force created by the Municipal
Mayor to strengthen Inspections made by 3.62 3.13
the Police officers FI MI
3. Implementation of the
ordinance by the barangay officials in 3.59 3.18
their respective barangays FI MI
4. Information campaign 3.76 2.91
FI MI
5. Patrolling 3.84 3.27
FI FI
6. Partnering with other Law
Enforcement Agencies, NGOs/NGAs, Force 3.41 3.15
Multipliers and others FI MI
Average 3.64 3.14
FI MI
p-value= 0.00 α = 0.05 *significant

Correlation between the level of effectiveness and

implementation of the ordinance

Figure 2 through scatter plot shows the correlation

between the level of effectiveness and level of implementation

of the strategies used on liquor ordinance through a scatter

diagram. It has a coefficient correlation of +0.68 which

means that there is a positive moderate correlation between

the level of effectiveness of the strategies used on liquor

ordinance and its level of implementation.

Figure 2. Correlation between the Effectiveness and

Implementation of Strategies used on Liquor Ordinance

The figure indicates positive moderate correlation which

implies direct relationship. This was revealed by the scatter plot

that the points are reasonable closely scattered about the underlying

straight line, it is said that the relationship between the level

of effectiveness of the strategies used and the level of

implementation of the strategies used nearly strong and positive

though not perfect. Also, it means that the effectiveness is

closely related with the implementation of the strategies. It

implies that strategies are effective when implemented.

Summary of Findings
 1. The liquor ordinance is moderate implemented in Atok,

Benguet. Significant difference was noted between the

implementers and community residents on the implementation of

liquor ordinance.

2. The Level of effectiveness of the strategies used in

the implementation of the liquor band is moderately effective.

Significant difference was noted between the implementers and

community residents on the level of effectiveness of strategies

used in the implementation of liquor ordinance.

3. The implementation of the strategies used in

implementing liquor ordinance is fully implemented. Significant

difference was noted between the implementers and community

residents on the implementation of strategies on liquor

ordinance.

4. There is a positive moderate correlation between the

level of effectiveness and the level of implementation of the

strategies used in liquor ordinance.

 CHAPTER 4

Conclusions and Recommendations

This chapter presents the conclusions and recommendations

arrived at based on the findings of the study according to the

specific problems.

Conclusions

Based on the findings, the following conclusions were

drawn:

1. The implementation of the liquor ordinance is confirmed

by moderately implementing them in the municipality.

2. The moderate implementation of the strategies can is

monitored and applied in the municipality.

 3. Implementers perceived the implementation of the

strategies used on liquor ordinance and the community residents

perceived this to be moderate.

4. The effectiveness of the strategies used in

implementing the liquor ordinance is closely related to its

implementation.

Recommendations

Based on the findings and conclusions, the following

are recommended:

1. There must be a full implementation of the liquor

ordinance for the improvement of the community.

2. Strengthen the application of the strategies that are

effective. Yet, partnership with other agencies shall be done

in order to have a more effective collaboration.

3. With the fully implemented strategies, the implementers

should enhance and fully implement the information campaign.

4. Collaboration between the implementers and community

residents are needed in order that the strategies in implementing

liquor ordinance will be at its best.

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 Appendix C

Communication Letters
 Appendix A
Questionnaire

Personal Data:

Please check if: ___ Resident or store owner

___ Implementor

Part I. Level of Implementation of the Liquor Ordinance

Direction: Please check the column of your perception on the

level of implementation of the liquor ordinance in Atok, Benguet,
using the legend below:

4 – Fully Implemented (FI)

3 – Moderately Implemented (MI)
2 – Slightly Implemented (SI)
1 – Not Impelemented (NI)

Liquor Ordinance 4 3 2 1
FI MI SI NI
Section 1. No alcoholic or
intoxicating beverage, wine and
liquor, such as whiskey, gin,
brandy, rhum, beer, basi, tuba,
tapey and the like whether foreign-
brewed or locally manufactured shall
be sold, displayed, offered to
customers, drank, taken in, and/or
consumed, brought in any sari-sari
stores, restaurants, carinderias,
and other similar establishments
within a radius of two hundred (200)
lineal meters from any public
buildings, educational institutions
and/or churches. And, no such
alcoholic or intoxicating beverage,
wine and liquor shall be sold,
brought by any person in any
residential building, other private-
owned building within the same
distance from any public building,
educational institutions and/or
churches.
 4 3 2 1
FI MI SI NI
Section 2. No alcoholic or
intoxicating beverage, wine and
liquor shall be drank, taken in
and/or consumed in the immediate
edge of road ways, within road ways
of any public roads within the
territyorial jurisdiction of Atok
Municipality.
Section 3. Duly licensed sari-sari
stores, grocery stores, restaurants,
tiendas, carinderias, and other
similar establishments shall sell
alcoholic or intoxicating beverage,
wine and liquor only from 8:00AM to
8:00PM from Mondays to Saturdays
anmd on town fiestas then from
9:00AM to 2:00PM on Sundays, legal
or special holidays.
Section 4. No alcoholic or
intoxicating beverage, wine and
liquor whether foreign brewed or
locally manufactured shall be sold,
offered, dispensed, and/pr given to
person below 21 years of age.

In case of doubt, owners proprietors

and/or keepers of stores,
erstaurants and other similar
establishments duly licensed to sell
alcoholic or intoxicating beverage,
wine and liquor must demand the
production of the customer’s
residence certificate.
Section 5. No person below 21 years
of age shall carry, keep and/or
conceal any alcoholic or
intoxicating beverage, wine and
liquor whether foregin-brewed or
locally manufactured within a radius
of two hundred (200) lineal meters
from any public buildings,
educational institutions and/or
churches.
 4 3 2 1
FI MI SI NI
Section 6. Any person or persons
violating any provisions of Sections
1,2,3 and 4 of this Ordinance shall
be punished by a fine of not less
than five hundred pesos (PHP500.00),
for the first offense, one thousand
pesos (PHP1,000.00) for the second
offense and two thousand five
hundred pesos (PHP2,500.00) for the
third offense, or an imprisonment of
not less than three (3) months and
not exceeding six (6) months, or
both at the discretion of the court.
If the recidivist is the owner,
proprietor, manager or any person
entrusted with the operation or
administration of an establishment,
in addition to the fine or
imprisonment prescribed above, or
both, the permit/license for the
operation of his/her establishment
be automatically revoked and the
operation shall likewise be
automatically closed.

Such revocation shall forfeit all

sums which may have been paid in
respect for said privileges.

Part II. Level of Effectiveness of the Strategies Used in the

Implementation of Liquor Ordinance

Direction: Please check the column of your perception on the

level of effectiveness of the strategies used by law enforcers in
the implementation of the liquor ordinance in Atok, Benguet,
using the legend below:

4 – Highly Effective (HE)

3 – Moderately Effective (ME)
2 – Slightly Effective (SE)
1 – Not Effective (NE)

Strategies 4 3 2 1
HE ME SE NE
1. Inspection by members of the
Police officers of all
establishments that are
liquor-oriented
2. Periodic inspection of the
task force created by the
Municipal Mayor to strengthen
Inspections made by the
Police officers
3. Implementation of the
ordinance by the barangay
officials in their respective
barangays
4. Information campaign
5. Patrolling
6. Partnering with other Law
Enforcement Agencies, NGOs/NGAs,
Force Multipliers and others
7. Others, please specify

Part III. The level of implementation of the Strageies Used in

Liquor Ordinance in Atok, Benguet.

Direction: Please check the column of your perception on the

level of implementation of the strategies, using the legend
below:

4 – Fully Implemented (FI)

3 – Moderately Implemented (MI)
2 – Slightly Implemented (SI)
1 – Not Implemented (NI)

Liquor Ordinance 4 3 2 1
FI MI SI NI
1. Inspection by members of the
Police officers of all
establishments that are
liquor-oriented
2. Periodic inspection of the
task force created by the
Municipal Mayor to strengthen
Inspections made by the
Police officers
3. Implementation of the
 ordinance by the barangay
officials in their respective
barangays
4. Information campaign
5. Patrolling
6. Partnering with other Law
Enforcement Agencies, NGOs/NGAs,
Force Multipliers and others
7. Others, please specify

Appendix C

Computations
Table 2.1 Difference in the Level of Implementation of Liquor
Ordinance

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances

Variable
  Variable 1 2

Mean 3.16666667 2.69898

Variance 0.02345337 0.017732

Observations 6 6

Pooled Variance 0.02059278

Hypothesized Mean
Difference 0

df 10

t Stat 5.64492892

P(T<=t) one-tail 0.00010697

t Critical one-tail 1.8124611

P(T<=t) two-tail 0.00021395

t Critical two-tail 2.22813884  

Table 3.1 Difference in the Level of Effectiveness of the

strategies in the Implementation of Liquor Ordinance

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances

Variable
  Variable 1 2
Mean 3.4254386 3.161565
Variance 0.08571099 0.015844
Observations 6 6

Pooled Variance 0.05077754

Hypothesized Mean
Difference 0

df 10

t Stat 2.02824937

P(T<=t) one-tail 0.03500454

 t Critical one-tail 1.8124611

P(T<=t) two-tail 0.07000908

t Critical two-tail 2.22813884  

Table 4.1 Difference in the Level of implementation of the

strategies used in liquor ordinance

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances

Variable
  Variable 1 2
3.6351351 3.14115
Mean 4 6
0.0224251 0.01513
Variance 3 6
Observations 6 6
0.0187805
Pooled Variance 9
Hypothesized Mean
Difference 0

Df 10

t Stat 6.2432999
4.7942E-
P(T<=t) one-tail 05

t Critical one-tail 1.8124611

9.5884E-
P(T<=t) two-tail 05
2.2281388
t Critical two-tail 4  

Correlation between the level of effectiveness

and Level of implementation of the strategies

Column
  Column 1 2

Column 1 1
Column 2 0.675051963 1