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    Identification of Cast Iron 3.1. Aim

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    Muruganantham anandh
    The document describes an experiment to identify an unknown cast iron sample using metallographic examination. The sample is polished using grinding and polishing techniques then etched with an etchant. It is examined under a microscope to observe its microstructure, which is compared to charts to identify the type of cast iron. The document also provides details on the microstructures of grey, white, spheroidal, and malleable cast iron.

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    Identification of Cast Iron 3.1. Aim

    Uploaded by

    Muruganantham anandh
    108 views8 pages
    The document describes an experiment to identify an unknown cast iron sample using metallographic examination. The sample is polished using grinding and polishing techniques then etched with an etchant. It is examined under a microscope to observe its microstructure, which is compared to charts to identify the type of cast iron. The document also provides details on the microstructures of grey, white, spheroidal, and malleable cast iron.

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    The document describes an experiment to identify an unknown cast iron sample using metallographic examination. The sample is polished using grinding and polishing techniques then etched with an etchant. It is examined under a microscope to observe its microstructure, which is compared to charts to identify the type of cast iron. The document also provides details on the microstructures of grey, white, spheroidal, and malleable cast iron.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    108 views8 pages

    Identification of Cast Iron 3.1. Aim

    Uploaded by

    Muruganantham anandh
    The document describes an experiment to identify an unknown cast iron sample using metallographic examination. The sample is polished using grinding and polishing techniques then etched with an etchant. It is examined under a microscope to observe its microstructure, which is compared to charts to identify the type of cast iron. The document also provides details on the microstructures of grey, white, spheroidal, and malleable cast iron.

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    EXPERIMENT 3

    IDENTIFICATION OF CAST IRON


    3.1. Aim

    To identity the given mounted specimen by metallographic examination.

    3.2. Apparatus Required


    Grinding machine, double disc polishing machine, emery papers, and binocular
    microscope.

    3.3. Etchant Used ………….

    3.4. Procedure
    3.4.1. Obtaining flat specimen surface

    The specimen is finely ground by using grinding machine to get a flat surface.

    3.4.2. Rough Polishing

    The specimen is then polished with emery papers beginning with course and ending with
    fine paper (800, 1000, 1500 and 2000 grade) or (1/0, 2/0, 3/0 and 4/0).

    For each change of emery paper the direction of the sample being polished has to be
    rotated 900 to remove the magnitude of scratches obtained in previous sheet.

    Repeat the entire procedure for minimum of 5 minutes with each grade of emery paper.

    3.4.3. Fine Polishing

    After intermediate grinding the specimen is finely polished on a rotating disc to which a
    moist velvet/silk cloth is attached. In this diamond paste and Hiffin liquid spray are used
    as polishing compound.

    The specimen has to be firmly pressed against the velvet/silk cloth of the rotating disc
    with considerable pressure. Fine polishing removes fine scratches to obtain mirror
    finishing.

    3.4.4. Etching
    In order to make the grain boundaries visible, after fine polishing the specimen is
    etched with reagent (Note: Few samples need not to be etched to find the type of cast
    iron).

    ➢ Before etching, the specimen is thoroughly washed in running water.


    ➢ Allow it to dry before applying etchant.
    ➢ Then the etchant droplets are applied on the polished surface and it is allowed to
    react for about 10 to 15 seconds depending on the etchant used.
    ➢ After etching the specimen is washed again in running water and it is allowed to
    dry.(Note: Do not touch the polished and etched specimen)

    9
    3.5. Procedure
    3.5.1 The properly prepared metal specimen is kept under the metallurgical microscope on
    the specimen table.

    3.5.2 The objective and eye-piece are choosen properly to get the required magnification.

    3.5.3 The source light is switched on.

    3.5.4 The metal specimen is focused by adjusting draw tube using coarse and fine adjustment
    screws.

    3.5.5 The metal is identified by viewing through the microscope and is compared with the
    available charts.

    3.5.6 If the image is not clear choose the next objectives lens and repeat the entire procedure
    from step 3, till we get correct image.

    Pre Lab Questions

    1. What is called equilibrium diagram?


    2. Define eye piece of microscope.
    3. List out various polishing equipments?
    4. Mention any two emery sheets of industrial grade.
    5. Mention any few abrasive materials
    6. Name any one type of microscope used in metallurgy lab.
    7. State the difference between steel and cast iron?

    GREY CAST IRON

    Graphite
    Flakes

    Metal / Alloys Etchant used Observation


    Presence of flakes of
    Graphite in a matrix of
    Grey Cast Iron 2% NITAL
    ferrite, pearlite has been
    observed.
    C 2.5-4.0% S 1-3% Mn 0.4-1% S .005-0.25% P 0.005-1%
    Composition
    C=1.8~3.6%, Si=0.5~2%,Mn=0.2~0.8%

    10
    WHITE CAST IRON

    Cementide

    Pearlite

    Metal / Alloys Etchant used Observation

    Massive Cementite areas in the fine


    White Cast Iron 2% NITAL
    pearlite matrix have been observed.
    C=1.8~3.6%,
    Si=0.5~2%,Mn=0.2~0.8%,Cr=0.04%~0.07%,Ni=0.05~0.3%,S=0.06~0.2%,P
    Composition =0.15%

    SPHEROIDAL GRAPHITE IRON

    Graphite
    Sphericals

    Metal / Alloys Etchant used Observation


    Graphite globes in envelopes
    of the free ferrite in a matrix of
    Spheroidal Graphite Iron 2% NITAL
    pearlite have been observed.
    It looks like Bulls eye.

    C 3.3-3.4% Si 2.2-2.8% Mn 0.1-0.5% Mg 0.03-0.05%


    Composition
    P 0.005-0.04 %

    11
    MALLEABLE CAST IRON

    Tempered
    Graphite

    Metal / Alloys Etchant used Observation


    Tempered Carbon in a
    Malleable Cast Iron 2% Nital
    matrix of Pearlite

    Composition C=2-2.7%, Mn=0.25-1.25%, Si=1-1.75%, S=0.03-


    0.18%, P=0.05%max

    3.6. Observation
    The details of the study of microstructure are plotted in to the metallographic sheet

    3.7 Result and Discussion


    Based on the microstructure obtained for the given specimen the metal is identified and
    microstructure is drawn in to the metallographic sheet

    Post Lab Questions

    1. How the structure of grey cast iron and malleable cast iron is differentiated.
    2. State how SGI and GCI differ.
    3. What is the black structure observed in WCI?
    4. In which magnification WCI can be identified clearly? Why?
    5. Mention any phase names in an iron carbon system

    12
    SRMIST, KATTANKULATHUR Expt. No.:
    MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY LAB Date:
    METALLOGRAPHIC SHEET

    Magnification :

    Etchant used :

    Composition of Etchant :

    Time of Etching : OBSERVED ACTUAL

    Material Details:

    Metal Identified :

    Metal Composition :

    Polishing Procedure :

    Heat Treatment (if any) :

    Description of Micro :
    Structure

    Material Properties :

    Application :

    Page no.
    SRMIST, KATTANKULATHUR Expt. No.:
    MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY LAB Date:
    METALLOGRAPHIC SHEET

    Magnification :

    Etchant used :

    Composition of Etchant :

    Time of Etching : OBSERVED ACTUAL

    Material Details:

    Metal Identified :

    Metal Composition :

    Polishing Procedure :

    Heat Treatment (if any) :

    Description of Micro :
    Structure

    Material Properties :

    Application :

    Page no.
    SRMIST, KATTANKULATHUR Expt. No.:
    MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY LAB Date:
    METALLOGRAPHIC SHEET

    Magnification :

    Etchant used :

    Composition of Etchant :

    Time of Etching : OBSERVED ACTUAL

    Material Details:

    Metal Identified :

    Metal Composition :

    Polishing Procedure :

    Heat Treatment (if any) :

    Description of Micro :
    Structure

    Material Properties :

    Application :

    Page no.
    SRMIST, KATTANKULATHUR Expt. No.:
    MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY LAB Date:
    METALLOGRAPHIC SHEET

    Magnification :

    Etchant used :

    Composition of Etchant :

    Time of Etching : OBSERVED ACTUAL

    Material Details:

    Metal Identified :

    Metal Composition :

    Polishing Procedure :

    Heat Treatment (if any) :

    Description of Micro :
    Structure

    Material Properties :

    Application :

    Page no.

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