Aguila, Curriculum Development

CURRICULUM
DEVELOPMENT
AND
EVALUATION
COURSE REQUIREMENT IN
CURRICULUM
DEVELOPMENT
Maria Jasmine Aguila

AGUILA MARIA JASMINE P.
MAED- II
COURSE REQUIREMENT IN CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
1. There are several models for curriculum evaluation in the educational literature.

a. Bradley, L.H. Effectiveness Model for Curriculum Development Indicators
b. Tyler Objectives Centered Model
c. Daniel Stufflebeam Model—Context, Input, Process, Product (CIPP)
D. Scriven Consumer Oriented Evaluation.
Question: Choose one to explain/discuss

Cite reference
Daniel Stufflebeam’s Context, Input, Process, Product Model
The obvious disadvantages in the Tyler model led several evaluation experts in the late
1960s and early 1970s to criticize and doubt the Tyler model and to offer their own alternatives.
The alternative that had the greatest influence was that established by a Phi Delta Kappa
committee chaired by Daniel Stufflebeam .
This model stressed the importance of producing evaluative data for decision making.
Decision making was the sole reason for evaluation, in the view of the Phi Delta Kappa
committee. To service the needs of decision makers, the Stufflebeam Model provides a means
for generating data relating to four stages of program operation.
context
Stufflebeam’s
product input
CIPP Model
proces
First, context evaluation, which continuously assesses needs and problems in the context
to help decision makers determine goals and objectives. Next, input evaluation, which assesses
alternative means for achieving those goals to help decision makers choose the best means,
Third, process evaluation, which monitors the processes both to ensure that the means are
actually being implemented and to make the necessary changes and lastly, product evaluation,
which compares actual ends with intended ends and leads to a series of reprocessing decisions.
During each of these four stages, specific steps are taken:

• The kinds of decisions are identified.
• The kinds of data needed to make those decisions are identified.
• Those data are collected.
• The criteria for determining quality are established.
• The data are analyzed on the basis of those criteria.
• The needed information is provided to decision makers.
The context, input, process, product (CIPP) model, as it has come to be called, has several
attractive features for those interested in curriculum evaluation.
1. Its emphasis on decision making seems appropriate for administrators concerned with
improving curricula.
2. Its concern for the formative aspects of evaluation remedies a serious deficiency in the
Tyler model.
3. Finally, the detailed guidelines and forms created by the committee provide step by-step
guidance for users.
The CIPP model, however, has some serious drawbacks associated with it.
1. Its main weakness seems to be its failure to recognize the complexity of the decision-
making process in organizations.
2. It assumes more rationality that exists in such situations and ignores the political factors
that play a large part in these decisions.
3. Also, as Guba and Lincoln noted, it seems difficult to implement and expensive to
maintain.
References:
Glatthorn, 1987, pp. 273–274
https://www.sagepub.com
2. What are some curriculum development activities which can be applied in your school?
Since our school caters learners who understands and grasp lessons and concepts easily,
we often create positive improvements to suite the needs and level of our learners and the
current situation. Some of this are as follows:
1. Online Study groups/ Online Peer tutoring

Learners are given freedom to create their own groups/ pairs depending on their own
interest, skills and needs via online platform.
2. Online classes or conferences
Teachers and learners create a virtual classroom via online platform like zoom. The
classes are conducted like in a real classroom set up despite the hindrance in distance
3. Video performances
Video performance are conducted in replacement of actual performances task. This is to
measure student’s actual learning aside from objective type assessments
4. Integrated teaching
Teacher organizes curriculum so that it cuts across subject-matter lines, bringing topics
into meaningful association and allowing students to focus on broad areas of study.
Integrated curriculum planning includes these features:
An emphasis on projects
Sources that go beyond textbooks
Relationships among concepts
Thematic units as organizing principles
Flexible schedules
Flexible student groupings
5. Student portfolios
Learners are task to create portfolios which are collections of credentials, artifacts and
reflections that document a child’s learning development
3. Why is there a need for curriculum evaluation and who should be involved in this
activity?
The purpose of curriculum evaluation is to determine whether or not the newly adopted
curriculum is producing the intended results and meeting the objectives that it has set forth, and
it is an essential component in the process of adopting and implementing any new curriculum in
any educational setting. It serves as an in-built monitor within the program to review the progress
in learning from time to time. It also provides valuable feedback on the design and the
implementation of the program
Evaluation helps to build an educational program, assess its achievements and improve

upon its weaknesses and effectiveness.
There are several parties, or stakeholders, interested in the process and results of curriculum
evaluation.
 Learners are the primary ones involved in this evaluation. It is in them where desired
results are evaluated and expected to be measured.
 Parents are interested because they want to be assured that their children are being
provided with a sound, effective education.
 Teachers are interested because they want to know that what they are teaching in the
classroom will effectively help them cover the standards and achieve the results they
know parents and administration are expecting.
 The general public is interested because they need to be sure that their local schools are
doing their best to provide solid and effective educational programs for the children in the
area.
 Administrators are interested because they need feedback on the effectiveness of their
curricular decisions.
 Curriculum publishers are interested because they can use the data and feedback from a
curriculum evaluation to drive changes and upgrades in the materials they provide.
In the end, the goal is always to make sure that students are being provided with the best
education possible. Because the curriculum is a huge part of this, curriculum evaluation is a
means of deciding whether or not the chosen curriculum is going to bring the school closer to
that goal.
4. What do you think will be the future curricular landscape in or educational system in the light
of globalization, emergence of technology and the pandemic?
In the light of globalization, emergence of technology and the pandemic, adaptive, interactive,
science-based learning platforms may start to take hold to respond in the emergence of distance learning
modalities like modular and online learning. Classroom learning will be replaced by independent learning
which will result to learners who are hopefully more analytic and critical. Learners will be more responsible
in terms of their learning; what they ought to learn and how they learn it will depend on their initiative.
The pandemic is giving tech massive insights at scale as to what human development and learning
looks like, allowing it to potentially shift from just content dissemination to augmenting relationships with
teachers, personalization, and independence. But the way it is has been rolled out—overnight, with no
training, and often not sufficient bandwidth—will leave many with a sour taste about the whole exercise.
Many people may well continue to associate e-learning with lockdowns, recalling frustrations with trying to
log on, or mucking through products that didn’t make sense.
Despite this, I can see e-learning playing a vital role in the next years to come. Education system
may refuse to change or slow to change but the evolving economy will demand it do so.

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CURRICULUM

Maria Jasmine Aguila

COURSE REQUIREMENT IN CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

1. There are several models for curriculum evaluation in the educational literature.

Question: Choose one to explain/discuss

Daniel Stufflebeam’s Context, Input, Process, Product Model

During each of these four stages, specific steps are taken:

1. Online Study groups/ Online Peer tutoring

Evaluation helps to build an educational program, assess its achievements and improve

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