MAX3221

SLLS348P – JUNE 1999 – REVISED JULY 2021

MAX3221 3-V to 5.5-V RS-232 Line Driver and Receiver

With ±15-kV ESD Protection

1 Features 3 Description
• RS-232 Bus-pin ESD protection exceeds The MAX3221 device consists of one line driver, one
±15 kV using human body model (HBM) line receiver with dedicated enable pin, and a dual
• Meets or exceeds the requirements of charge-pump circuit with ±15-kV ESD protection pin
TIA/EIA-232-F and ITU V.28 standards to pin (serial-port connection pins, including GND).
• Operates with 3-V to 5.5-V VCC supply The device meets the requirements of TIA/EIA-232-
• Operates up to 250 kbps F and provides the electrical interface between
• One driver and one receiver an asynchronous communication controller and the
• Low standby current: 1 μA typical serial-port connector. The charge pump and four small
• External capacitors: 4 × 0.1 μF external capacitors allow operation from a single
• Accepts 5-V logic input with 3.3-V supply 3-V to 5.5-V supply. These devices operate at data
• Alternative high-speed pin-compatible signaling rates up to 250 kbps and a maximum of
device (1 Mbps) 30-V/μs driver output slew rate.
– SNx5C3221 Flexible control options for power management
• Automatic power-down feature automatically are available when the serial port is inactive.
disables drivers for power savings The automatic power-down feature functions when
2 Applications FORCEON is low and FORCEOFF is high. During
this mode of operation, if the device does not sense a
• Industrial PCs valid
• Wired networking RS-232 signal on the receiver input, the driver output
• Data center and enterprise computing is disabled and the supply current is reduced to 1 μA.
• Battery-powered systems The INVALID output notifies the user if an RS-232
• PDAs signal is present at the receiver input.
• Notebooks
• Laptops Device Information
• Palmtop PCs PART NUMBER PACKAGE(1) BODY SIZE (NOM)
• Hand-held equipment SSOP (DB) (32) 6.20 mm × 5.30 mm
MAX3221
TSSOP (PW) (32) 5.00 mm × 4.40 mm

(1) For all available packages, see the orderable addendum at

the end of the data sheet.
spacer
3.3 V, 5 V POWER

EN [RX]

FORCEON
APD
FORCEOFF

1 1 DOUT
DIN TX
RS232

1 1 RIN
ROUT RX
RS232

INVALID STATUS

Simplified Diagram

An IMPORTANT NOTICE at the end of this data sheet addresses availability, warranty, changes, use in safety-critical applications,
intellectual property matters and other important disclaimers. PRODUCTION DATA.
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Table of Contents
1 Features............................................................................1 8 Detailed Description...................................................... 11
2 Applications..................................................................... 1 8.1 Overview................................................................... 11
3 Description.......................................................................1 8.2 Functional Block Diagram......................................... 11
4 Revision History.............................................................. 2 8.3 Feature Description...................................................11
5 Pin Configuration and Functions...................................3 8.4 Device Functional Modes..........................................12
6 Specifications.................................................................. 4 9 Application and Implementation.................................. 13
6.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings........................................ 4 9.1 Application Information............................................. 13
6.2 ESD Ratings............................................................... 4 9.2 Typical Application.................................................... 13
6.3 Recommended Operating Conditions.........................4 10 Power Supply Recommendations..............................14
6.4 Thermal Information....................................................5 11 Layout........................................................................... 15
6.5 Electrical Characteristics – Power.............................. 5 11.1 Layout Guidelines................................................... 15
6.6 Electrical Characteristics – Driver............................... 5 11.2 Layout Example...................................................... 15
6.7 Electrical Characteristics – Receiver.......................... 6 12 Device and Documentation Support..........................16
6.8 Electrical Characteristics – Status.............................. 6 12.1 Support Resources................................................. 16
6.9 Switching Characteristics – Driver.............................. 6 12.2 Trademarks............................................................. 16
6.10 Switching Characteristics – Receiver........................7 12.3 Electrostatic Discharge Caution..............................16
6.11 Switching Characteristics – Status............................7 12.4 Glossary..................................................................16
6.12 Typical Characteristics.............................................. 7 13 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable
7 Parameter Measurement Information............................ 8 Information.................................................................... 16

4 Revision History
NOTE: Page numbers for previous revisions may differ from page numbers in the current version.
Changes from Revision O (June 2015) to Revision P (July 2021) Page
• Changed the Applications list............................................................................................................................. 1
• Changed the values in the Thermal Information table for DB and PW packages...............................................5

Changes from Revision N (January 2014) to Revision O (June 2015) Page

• Added Pin Configuration and Functions section, ESD Ratings table, Feature Description section, Device
Functional Modes, Application and Implementation section, Power Supply Recommendations section, Layout
section, Device and Documentation Support section, and Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information
section ............................................................................................................................................................... 1

Changes from Revision M (March 2004) to Revision N (January 2013) Page

• Updated document to new TI data sheet format - no specification changes...................................................... 1
• Deleted Ordering Information table.....................................................................................................................1

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5 Pin Configuration and Functions

EN 1 16 FORCEOFF
C1+ 2 15 VCC
V+ 3 14 GND
C1− 4 13 DOUT
C2+ 5 12 FORCEON
C2− 6 11 DIN
V− 7 10 INVALID
RIN 8 9 ROUT

Figure 5-1. DB or PW Package, 16-Pin SSOP or TSSOP, Top View

Table 5-1. Pin Functions

PIN
I/O DESCRIPTION
NAME NO.
C1+ 2
— Positive terminals of the voltage-doubler charge-pump capacitors
C2+ 5
C1– 4
— Negative terminals of the voltage-doubler charge-pump capacitors
C2– 6
DIN 11 I Driver input
DOUT 13 O RS-232 driver output
EN 1 I Low input enables receiver ROUT output. High input sets ROUT to high impedance.
FORCEOFF 16 I Automatic power-down control input
FORCEON 12 I Automatic power-down control input
GND 14 — Ground
INVALID 10 O Invalid output pin. Output low when all RIN inputs are unpowered.
RIN 8 I RS-232 receiver input
ROUT 9 O Receiver output
VCC 15 — 3-V to 5.5-V supply voltage
V+ 3 O 5.5-V supply generated by the charge pump
V– 7 O –5.5-V supply generated by the charge pump

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6 Specifications
6.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)(1)
MIN MAX UNIT
VCC to GND –0.3 6
V+ to GND –0.3 7
V
V– to GND 0.3 –7
V+ + |V–|(2) 13
DIN, EN, FORCEOFF , and FORCEON to GND –0.3 6
VI Input voltage V
RIN to GND ±25
DOUT to GND ±13.2
VO Output voltage V
ROUT to GND –0.3 VCC + 0.3
TJ Junction temperature(3) 150
°C
Tstg Storage temperature range –65 150

(1) Operation outside the Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent device damage. Absolute Maximum Ratings do not imply
functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those listed under Recommended Operating Conditions.
If used outside the Recommended Operating Conditions but within the Absolute Maximum Ratings, the device may not be fully
functional, and this may affect device reliability, functionality, performance, and shorten the device lifetime.
(2) V+ and V– can have maximum magnitudes of 7 V, but their absolute difference cannot exceed 13 V.
(3) Maximum power dissipation is a function of TJ(max), RθJA, and TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any allowable
ambient temperature is PD = (TJ(max) – TA) / RθJA. Operating at the absolute maximum TJ of 150°C can affect reliability.

6.2 ESD Ratings

VALUE UNIT

Human body model (HBM), per ANSI/ All pins except 8, 13 ±3000
ESDA/JEDEC JS-001(1) Pins 8, 13 ±15,000
V(ESD) Electrostatic discharge V
Charged-device model (CDM), per JEDEC specification JESD22-
±1500
C101(2)

(1) JEDEC document JEP155 states that 500-V HBM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process.
(2) JEDEC document JEP157 states that 250-V CDM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process.

6.3 Recommended Operating Conditions

(see Figure 9-1)(1)
MIN NOM MAX UNIT
VCC = 3.3 V 3 3.3 3.6
Supply voltage V
VCC = 5 V 4.5 5 5.5

DIN, FORCEOFF, VCC = 3.3 V 2

VIH Driver high-level input voltage V
FORCEON, EN VCC = 5 V 2.4
DIN, FORCEOFF,
VIL Driver low-level input voltage 0.8 V
FORCEON, EN
DIN, FORCEOFF,
Driver input voltage 0 5.5
VI FORCEON, EN V
Receiver input voltage –25 25
MAX3221C 0 70
TA Operating free-air temperature °C
MAX3221I –40 85

(1) Test conditions are C1–C4 = 0.1 μF at VCC = 3.3 V ± 0.3 V; C1 = 0.047 μF, C2–C4 = 0.33 μF at VCC = 5 V ± 0.5 V.

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6.4 Thermal Information

MAX3221
THERMAL METRIC(1) DB (SSOP) PW (TSSOP) UNIT
16 PINS 16 PINS
RθJA Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance 105.8 110.9 °C/W

RθJC(top) Junction-to-case (top) thermal resistance 51.9 41.7 °C/W

RθJB Junction-to-board thermal resistance 57.6 57.2 °C/W

ψJT Junction-to-top characterization parameter 14.1 4.2 °C/W
ψJB Junction-to-board characterization parameter 56.8 56.6 °C/W

(1) For more information about traditional and new thermal metrics, see the Semiconductor and IC Package Thermal Metrics application
report, SPRA953.

6.5 Electrical Characteristics – Power

over recommended ranges of supply voltage and operating free-air temperature (unless otherwise noted)(2)
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP(1) MAX UNIT
II Input leakage current FORCEOFF, FORCEON, EN ±0.01 ±1 µA
Automatic power-down No load, FORCEOFF and
0.3 1 mA
disabled FORCEON at VCC
Powered off No load, No load, FORCEOFF at GND 1 10
ICC Supply current
VCC = 3.3 V to 5 V
No load, FORCEOFF at VCC, µA
Automatic power-down enabled FORCEON at GND, 1 10
All RIN are open or grounded

(1) All typical values are at VCC = 3.3 V or VCC = 5 V, and TA = 25°C.
(2) Test conditions are C1–C4 = 0.1 μF at VCC = 3.3 V ± 0.3 V; C1 = 0.047 μF, C2–C4 = 0.33 μF at VCC = 5 V ± 0.5 V.

6.6 Electrical Characteristics – Driver

over recommended ranges of supply voltage and operating free-air temperature (unless otherwise noted)(3)
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP(1) MAX UNIT
VOH High-level output voltage DOUT at RL = 3 kΩ to GND, DIN = GND 5 5.4 V
VOL Low-level output voltage DOUT at RL = 3 kΩ to GND, DIN = VCC –5 –5.4 V
IIH High-level input current VI = VCC ±0.01 ±1 μA
IIL Low-level input current VI at GND ±0.01 ±1 μA
VCC = 3.6 V VO = 0 V ±35 ±60
IOS Short-circuit output current(2) mA
VCC = 5.5 V VO = 0 V ±35 ±60
rO Output resistance VCC, V+, and V– = 0 V VO = ±2 V 300 10M Ω
VO = ±12 V,
±25
VCC = 3 V to 3.6 V
Ioff Output leakage current FORCEOFF = GND µA
VO = ±12 V,
±25
VCC = 4.5 V to 5.5 V

(1) All typical values are at VCC = 3.3 V or VCC = 5 V, and TA = 25°C.
(2) Short-circuit durations should be controlled to prevent exceeding the device absolute power dissipation ratings, and not more than one
output should be shorted at a time.
(3) Test conditions are C1–C4 = 0.1 μF at VCC = 3.3 V ± 0.3 V; C1 = 0.047 μF, C2–C4 = 0.33 μF at VCC = 5 V ± 0.5

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6.7 Electrical Characteristics – Receiver

over recommended ranges of supply voltage and operating free-air temperature (unless otherwise noted)(2)
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP(1) MAX UNIT
VOH High-level output voltage IOH = –1 mA VCC – 0.6 VCC – 0.1 V
VOL Low-level output voltage IOL = 1.6 mA 0.4 V
VCC = 3.3 V 1.5 2.4
VIT+ Positive-going input threshold voltage V
VCC = 5 V 1.8 2.4
VCC = 3.3 V 0.6 1.1
VIT– Negative-going input threshold voltage V
VCC = 5 V 0.8 1.4
Vhys Input hysteresis (VIT+ – VIT–) 0.5 V
Ioff Output leakage current FORCEOFF = 0 V ±0.05 ±10 µA
ri Input resistance VI = ±3 V to ±25 V 3 5 7 kΩ

(1) All typical values are at VCC = 3.3 V or VCC = 5 V, and TA = 25°C.
(2) Test conditions are C1–C4 = 0.1 μF at VCC = 3.3 V ± 0.3 V; C1 = 0.047 μF, C2–C4 = 0.33 μF at VCC = 5 V ± 0.5 V.

6.8 Electrical Characteristics – Status

over recommended ranges of supply voltage and operating free-air temperature (unless otherwise noted)(2)
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP(1) MAX UNIT
Receiver input threshold for INVALID high- FORCEON = GND,
VT+(valid) 2.7 V
level output voltage FORCEOFF = VCC
Receiver input threshold for INVALID high- FORCEON = GND,
VT–(valid) –2.7 V
level output voltage FORCEOFF = VCC
Receiver input threshold for INVALID low- FORCEON = GND,
VT(invalid) –0.3 0.3 V
level output voltage FORCEOFF = VCC
IOH = –1 mA,
VOH INVALID high-level output voltage FORCEON = GND, VCC – 0.6 V
FORCEOFF = VCC
IOH = –1 mA,
VOL INVALID low-level output voltage FORCEON = GND, 0.4 V
FORCEOFF = VCC

(1) All typical values are at VCC = 3.3 V or VCC = 5 V, and TA = 25°C.
(2) Test conditions are C1–C4 = 0.1 μF at VCC = 3.3 V ± 0.3 V; C1 = 0.047 μF, C2–C4 = 0.33 μF at VCC = 5 V ± 0.5 V.

6.9 Switching Characteristics – Driver

over recommended ranges of supply voltage and operating free-air temperature (unless otherwise noted)(3)
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP(1) MAX UNIT
CL = 1000 pF, RL = 3 kΩ,
Maximum data rate 150 250 kbps
see Figure 7-1
CL = 150 to 2500 pF, RL = 3 kΩ to 7 kΩ,
tsk(p) Pulse skew(2) 100 ns
see Figure 7-2

Slew rate, transition region VCC = 3.3 V, CL = 150 to 1000 pF 6 30

SR(tr) V/μs
(see Figure 7-1) RL = 3 kΩ to 7 kΩ CL = 150 to 2500 pF 4 30

(1) All typical values are at VCC = 3.3 V or VCC = 5 V, and TA = 25°C.
(2) Pulse skew is defined as |tPLH − tPHL| of each channel of the same device.
(3) Test conditions are C1–C4 = 0.1 μF at VCC = 3.3 V ± 0.3 V; C1 = 0.047 μF, C2–C4 = 0.33 μF at VCC = 5 V ± 0.5 V.

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6.10 Switching Characteristics – Receiver

over recommended ranges of supply voltage and operating free-air temperature (unless otherwise noted)(3)
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP(1) MAX UNIT
CL = 150 pF,
tPLH Propagation delay time, low- to high-level output 150 ns
see Figure 7-3
CL = 150 pF,
tPHL Propagation delay time, high- to low-level output 150 ns
see Figure 7-3
CL = 150 pF, RL = 3 kΩ,
ten Output enable time 200 ns
see Figure 7-4
CL = 150 pF, RL = 3 kΩ,
tdis Output disable time 200 ns
see Figure 7-4
tsk(p) Pulse skew(2) See Figure 7-3 50 ns

(1) All typical values are at VCC = 3.3 V or VCC = 5 V, and TA = 25°C.
(2) Pulse skew is defined as |tPLH − tPHL| of each channel of the same device.
(3) Test conditions are C1–C4 = 0.1 μF at VCC = 3.3 V ± 0.3 V; C1 = 0.047 μF, C2–C4 = 0.33 μF at VCC = 5 V ± 0.5 V.

6.11 Switching Characteristics – Status

over recommended ranges of supply voltage and operating free-air temperature (unless otherwise noted)(2)
PARAMETER MIN TYP(1) MAX UNIT
tvalid Propagation delay time, low- to high-level output 1 µs
tinvalid Propagation delay time, high- to low-level output 30 µs
ten Supply enable time 100 µs

(1) All typical values are at VCC = 3.3 V or VCC = 5 V, and TA = 25°C.
(2) Test conditions are C1–C4 = 0.1 μF at VCC = 3.3 V ± 0.3 V; C1 = 0.047 μF, C2–C4 = 0.33 μF at VCC = 5 V ± 0.5 V.

6.12 Typical Characteristics

VCC = 3.3 V

6 0
VOH VOL
5 ±1
DOUT Voltage (V)

DOUT Voltage (V)

4 ±2

3 ±3

2 ±4

1 ±5

0 ±6
0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25
DOUT Current (mA) C001 DOUT Current (mA) C001

Figure 6-1. DOUT VOH vs Load Current Figure 6-2. DOUT VOL vs Load Current

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7 Parameter Measurement Information

3V
Input
RS-232
0V
Output
Generator
50 Ω tTHL tTLH
(see Note B) CL
RL (see Note A)
VOH
3V 3V
3V Output
FORCEOFF −3 V −3 V VOL
SR(tr) = 6V
TEST CIRCUIT t THL or t TLH VOLTAGE WAVEFORMS

A. CL includes probe and jig capacitance.

B. The pulse generator has the following characteristics: PRR = 250 kbps, ZO = 50 Ω, 50% duty cycle, tr ≤ 10 ns, tf ≤ 10 ns.

Figure 7-1. Driver Slew Rate

3V
RS-232 Input 1.5 V 1.5 V
Output 0V
Generator
50 Ω
(see Note B) CL tPHL tPLH
RL (see Note A)
VOH
3V
Output 50% 50%
FORCEOFF
VOL
TEST CIRCUIT VOLTAGE WAVEFORMS
A. CL includes probe and jig capacitance.
B. The pulse generator has the following characteristics: PRR = 250 kbps, ZO = 50 Ω, 50% duty cycle, tr ≤ 10 ns, tf ≤ 10 ns.

Figure 7-2. Driver Pulse Skew

3 V or 0 V
FORCEON 3V
Input 1.5 V 1.5 V
−3 V
Output
Generator tPHL tPLH
50 Ω
(see Note B) CL
3V (see Note A)
VOH
FORCEOFF Output 50% 50%
VOL
TEST CIRCUIT VOLTAGE WAVEFORMS
A. CL includes probe and jig capacitance.
B. The pulse generator has the following characteristics: ZO = 50 Ω, 50% duty cycle, tr ≤ 10 ns, tf ≤ 10 ns.

Figure 7-3. Receiver Propagation Delay Times

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3V
Input 1.5 V 1.5 V
VCC GND
3 V or 0 V 0V
S1
FORCEON tPHZ tPZH
RL (S1 at GND) (S1 at GND)

3 V or 0 V Output VOH
Output 50%
CL 0.3 V
(see Note A)
EN tPLZ tPZL
Generator (S1 at VCC) (S1 at VCC)
(see Note B) 50 Ω
0.3 V
Output 50%
VOL
TEST CIRCUIT VOLTAGE WAVEFORMS
A. CL includes probe and jig capacitance.
B. The pulse generator has the following characteristics: ZO = 50 Ω, 50% duty cycle, tr ≤ 10 ns, tf ≤ 10 ns.
C. tPLZ and tPHZ are the same as tdis.
D. tPZL and tPZH are the same as ten.

Figure 7-4. Receiver Enable and Disable Times

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3V
2.7 V 2.7 V
Receiver 0V
Input 0V
ROUT −2.7 V −2.7 V
Generator −3 V
50 Ω
(see Note B)
tinvalid tvalid

VCC
50% VCC 50% VCC
INVALID 0V
Auto- Output
INVALID ten
powerdown
CL = 30 pF V+ ≈V+
(see Note A)
0.3 V
FORCEOFF Supply VCC
Voltages 0V
DIN DOUT 0.3 V
FORCEON
V− ≈V−
TEST CIRCUIT VOLTAGE WAVEFORMS

Valid RS-232 Level, INVALID High

2.7 V
Indeterminate
0.3 V
If Signal Remains Within This Region
0V For More Than 30 µs, INVALID Is Low†
−0.3 V
Indeterminate
−2.7 V
Valid RS-232 Level, INVALID High

† Auto-powerdown disables drivers and reduces supply

current to 1 µA.

Figure 7-5. INVALID Propagation Delay Times and Driver Enabling Time

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8 Detailed Description
8.1 Overview
The MAX3221 device is a one-driver and one-receiver RS-232 interface device. All RS-232 inputs and outputs
are protected to ±15 kV using the Human Body Model. The charge pump requires only four small 0.1-μF
capacitors for operation from a 3.3-V supply. The MAX3221 is capable of running at data rates up to 250 kbps,
while maintaining RS-232-compliant output levels.
Automatic power-down can be disabled when FORCEON and FORCEOFF are high. With automatic power-
down plus enabled, the device activates automatically when a valid signal is applied to any receiver input. The
device can automatically power down the driver to save power when the RIN input is unpowered.
INVALID is high (valid data) if receiver input voltage is greater than 2.7 V or less than –2.7 V, or has been
between –0.3 V and 0.3 V for less than 30 μs. INVALID is low (invalid data) if receiver input voltages are
between –0.3 V and 0.3 V for more than 30 μs. Refer to Figure 7-5 for receiver input levels.
8.2 Functional Block Diagram
3.3V, 5V POWER

EN [RX]
FORCEON APD
FORCEOFF
1 1 DOUT
DIN TX RS232

1 1 RIN
ROUT RX RS232

INVALID STATUS

8.3 Feature Description

8.3.1 Power
The power block increases, inverts, and regulates voltage at V+ and V- pins using a charge pump that requires
four external capacitors. Auto-power-down feature for driver is controlled by FORCEON and FORCEOFF inputs.
Receiver is controlled by EN input. See Table 8-1 and Table 8-2
When MAX3221 is unpowered, it can be safely connected to an active remote RS232 device.
8.3.2 RS232 Driver
One driver interfaces standard logic level to RS232 levels. DIN input must be valid high or low.
8.3.3 RS232 Receiver
One receiver interfaces RS232 levels to standard logic levels. An open input will result in a high output on ROUT.
RIN input includes an internal standard RS232 load. A logic high input on the EN pin will shutdown the receiver
output.
8.3.4 RS232 Status
The INVALID output goes low when RIN input is unpowered for more than 30 μs. The INVALID output goes high
when receiver has a valid input. The INVALID output is active when Vcc is powered irregardless of FORCEON
and FORCEOFF inputs (see Table 8-3).

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8.4 Device Functional Modes

Table 8-1, Table 8-2, and Table 8-3 show the behavior of the driver, receiver, and INVALID(activelow) features
under all possible relevant combinations of inputs.
Table 8-1. Driver(1)
INPUTS OUTPUT
VALID RIN RS-232 DRIVER STATUS
DIN FORCEON FORCEOFF DOUT
LEVEL
X X L X Z Powered off
L H H X H Normal operation with
H H H X L automatic power down disabled

L L H Yes H Normal operation with

H L H Yes L automatic power down enabled

L L H No Z Powered off by
H L H No Z automatic power down feature

(1) H = high level, L = low level, X = irrelevant, Z = high impedance, Yes = |RIN| > 2.7 V, No = |RIN| <0.3 V

Table 8-2. Receiver(1)

INPUTS OUTPUT
VALID RIN RS-232 RECEIVER STATUS
RIN EN ROUT
LEVEL
X H X Z Output off
L L X H
H L X L Normal operation
Open L No H

(1) H = high level, L = low level, X = irrelevant, Z = high impedance (off), Open = input disconnected or connected driver off

Table 8-3. INVALID (1)

INPUTS OUTPUT
RIN FORCEON FORCEOFF EN INVALID
L X X X H
H X X X H
Open X X X L

(1) H = high level, L = low level, X = irrelevant, Z = high impedance (off), Open = input disconnected or connected driver off

11 13
DIN DOUT

16
FORCEOFF
10
Auto-powerdown INVALID
12
FORCEON

9 8
ROUT RIN
1
EN

Figure 8-1. Logic Diagram

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9 Application and Implementation

Note
Information in the following applications sections is not part of the TI component specification,
and TI does not warrant its accuracy or completeness. TI’s customers are responsible for
determining suitability of components for their purposes, as well as validating and testing their design
implementation to confirm system functionality.

9.1 Application Information

The MAX3221 line driver and receiver is a specialized device for 3-V to 5.5-V RS-232 communication
applications. This application is a generic implementation of this device with all required external components.
For proper operation, add capacitors as shown in Figure 9-1.
9.2 Typical Application
ROUT and DIN connect to UART or general purpose logic lines. FORCEON and FORCEOFF may be connected
general purpose logic lines or tied to ground or VCC. INVALID may be connected to a general purpose logic
line or left unconnected. RIN and DOUT lines connect to a RS232 connector or cable. DIN, FORCEON, and
FORCEOFF inputs must not be left unconnected.
1 16
EN FORCEOFF
2 VCC 15
C1+
+
CBYPASS = 0.1 µF
3 −
+ + V+ Auto- 14
C1 C3† powerdown GND
− −

4
C1−
13
5 DOUT
C2+
+ 12
C2 FORCEON
−
6
C2− 11
DIN
7
V−
− 10
C4 INVALID
+

8 9
RIN ROUT
5 kΩ

† C3 can be connected to VCC or GND.

NOTES: A. Resistor values shown are nominal.
B. Nonpolarized ceramic capacitors are acceptable. If polarized tantalum or electrolytic capacitors are used, they should be
connected as shown.

VCC vs CAPACITOR VALUES

VCC C1 C2, C3, and C4

3.3 V ± 0.3 V 0.1 µF 0.1 µF

5 V ± 0.5 V 0.047 µF 0.33 µF
3 V to 5.5 V 0.1 µF 0.47 µF

Figure 9-1. Typical Operating Circuit and Capacitor Values

Copyright © 2021 Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Document Feedback 13

Product Folder Links: MAX3221
MAX3221
SLLS348P – JUNE 1999 – REVISED JULY 2021 www.ti.com

9.2.1 Design Requirements

• Recommended VCC is 3.3 V or 5 V.
– 3 V to 5.5 V is also possible
• Maximum recommended bit rate is 250 kbps.
• Use capacitors as shown in Figure 9-1.
9.2.2 Detailed Design Procedure
• DIN, FORCEOFF and FORCEON inputs must be connected to valid low or high logic levels.
• Select capacitor values based on VCC level for best performance.
9.2.3 Application Curve
Curves for VCC of 3.3 V and 250 kbps alternative bit data stream.

6
5
4
3
2
Voltage (V)

1
0
±1
±2
±3
±4 DIN
±5 DOUT to RIN
ROUT
±6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Time ( s) C001

Figure 9-2. 250-kbps Driver to Receiver Loopback Timing Waveform, VCC = 3.3 V

10 Power Supply Recommendations

TI recommends a 0.1-μF capacitor to filter noise on the power supply pin. For additional filter capability, a
0.01-μF capacitor may be added in parallel as well. Power supply input voltage is recommended to be any valid
level in Recommended Operating Conditions.

14 Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2021 Texas Instruments Incorporated

Product Folder Links: MAX3221

 MAX3221
www.ti.com SLLS348P – JUNE 1999 – REVISED JULY 2021

11 Layout
11.1 Layout Guidelines
Keep the external capacitor traces short. This is more important on C1 and C2 nodes that have the fastest rise
and fall times.
11.2 Layout Example

1 EN FORCEOFF 16
Ground
C3
2 C1+ VCC 15 VCC
PF
C1 3 V+ GND 14 Ground

4 C1- DOUT 13

5 C2+ FORCEON 12
C2
6 C2- DIN 11

Ground 7 V- INVALID 10
C4
8 RIN ROUT 9

Figure 11-1. Layout Diagram

Copyright © 2021 Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Document Feedback 15

Product Folder Links: MAX3221
MAX3221
SLLS348P – JUNE 1999 – REVISED JULY 2021 www.ti.com

12 Device and Documentation Support

12.1 Support Resources
TI E2E™ support forums are an engineer's go-to source for fast, verified answers and design help — straight
from the experts. Search existing answers or ask your own question to get the quick design help you need.
Linked content is provided "AS IS" by the respective contributors. They do not constitute TI specifications and do
not necessarily reflect TI's views; see TI's Terms of Use.
12.2 Trademarks
TI E2E™ is a trademark of Texas Instruments.
All trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
12.3 Electrostatic Discharge Caution
This integrated circuit can be damaged by ESD. Texas Instruments recommends that all integrated circuits be handled
with appropriate precautions. Failure to observe proper handling and installation procedures can cause damage.
ESD damage can range from subtle performance degradation to complete device failure. Precision integrated circuits may
be more susceptible to damage because very small parametric changes could cause the device not to meet its published
specifications.

12.4 Glossary
TI Glossary This glossary lists and explains terms, acronyms, and definitions.

13 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information

The following pages include mechanical packaging and orderable information. This information is the most
current data available for the designated devices. This data is subject to change without notice and revision of
this document. For browser based versions of this data sheet, refer to the left hand navigation.

16 Submit Document Feedback Copyright © 2021 Texas Instruments Incorporated

Product Folder Links: MAX3221

 PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM

www.ti.com 1-Sep-2021

PACKAGING INFORMATION

Orderable Device Status Package Type Package Pins Package Eco Plan Lead finish/ MSL Peak Temp Op Temp (°C) Device Marking Samples
(1) Drawing Qty (2) Ball material (3) (4/5)
(6)

MAX3221CDB NRND SSOP DB 16 80 RoHS & Green NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM 0 to 70 MA3221C

MAX3221CDBE4 NRND SSOP DB 16 80 RoHS & Green NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM 0 to 70 MA3221C
MAX3221CDBR ACTIVE SSOP DB 16 2000 RoHS & Green NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM 0 to 70 MA3221C

MAX3221CDBRG4 ACTIVE SSOP DB 16 2000 RoHS & Green NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM 0 to 70 MA3221C

MAX3221CPW NRND TSSOP PW 16 90 RoHS & Green NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM 0 to 70 MA3221C

MAX3221CPWE4 NRND TSSOP PW 16 90 RoHS & Green NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM 0 to 70 MA3221C
MAX3221CPWR ACTIVE TSSOP PW 16 2000 RoHS & Green NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM 0 to 70 MA3221C

MAX3221CPWRE4 ACTIVE TSSOP PW 16 2000 RoHS & Green NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM 0 to 70 MA3221C

MAX3221CPWRG4 ACTIVE TSSOP PW 16 2000 RoHS & Green NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM 0 to 70 MA3221C

MAX3221IDB NRND SSOP DB 16 80 RoHS & Green NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 85 MB3221I
MAX3221IDBE4 NRND SSOP DB 16 80 RoHS & Green NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 85 MB3221I
MAX3221IDBG4 NRND SSOP DB 16 80 RoHS & Green NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 85 MB3221I
MAX3221IDBR ACTIVE SSOP DB 16 2000 RoHS & Green NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 85 MB3221I

MAX3221IDBRE4 ACTIVE SSOP DB 16 2000 RoHS & Green NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 85 MB3221I

MAX3221IDBRG4 ACTIVE SSOP DB 16 2000 RoHS & Green NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 85 MB3221I

MAX3221IPW NRND TSSOP PW 16 90 RoHS & Green NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 85 MB3221I
MAX3221IPWG4 NRND TSSOP PW 16 90 RoHS & Green NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 85 MB3221I
MAX3221IPWR ACTIVE TSSOP PW 16 2000 RoHS & Green NIPDAU | SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 85 MB3221I

MAX3221IPWRG4 ACTIVE TSSOP PW 16 2000 RoHS & Green NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 85 MB3221I

(1)
The marketing status values are defined as follows:
ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.
LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.
NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design.
PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.
OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.

Addendum-Page 1
 PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM

www.ti.com 1-Sep-2021

(2)
RoHS: TI defines "RoHS" to mean semiconductor products that are compliant with the current EU RoHS requirements for all 10 RoHS substances, including the requirement that RoHS substance
do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, "RoHS" products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. TI may
reference these types of products as "Pb-Free".
RoHS Exempt: TI defines "RoHS Exempt" to mean products that contain lead but are compliant with EU RoHS pursuant to a specific EU RoHS exemption.
Green: TI defines "Green" to mean the content of Chlorine (Cl) and Bromine (Br) based flame retardants meet JS709B low halogen requirements of <=1000ppm threshold. Antimony trioxide based
flame retardants must also meet the <=1000ppm threshold requirement.

(3)
MSL, Peak Temp. - The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature.

(4)
There may be additional marking, which relates to the logo, the lot trace code information, or the environmental category on the device.

(5)
Multiple Device Markings will be inside parentheses. Only one Device Marking contained in parentheses and separated by a "~" will appear on a device. If a line is indented then it is a continuation
of the previous line and the two combined represent the entire Device Marking for that device.

(6)
Lead finish/Ball material - Orderable Devices may have multiple material finish options. Finish options are separated by a vertical ruled line. Lead finish/Ball material values may wrap to two
lines if the finish value exceeds the maximum column width.

Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information
provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken and
continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals.
TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited information may not be available for release.

In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s) at issue in this document sold by TI to Customer on an annual basis.

OTHER QUALIFIED VERSIONS OF MAX3221 :

• Enhanced Product : MAX3221-EP

NOTE: Qualified Version Definitions:

• Enhanced Product - Supports Defense, Aerospace and Medical Applications

Addendum-Page 2
 PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION

www.ti.com 28-Jun-2021

TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION

*All dimensions are nominal

Device Package Package Pins SPQ Reel Reel A0 B0 K0 P1 W Pin1
Type Drawing Diameter Width (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) Quadrant
(mm) W1 (mm)
MAX3221CDBR SSOP DB 16 2000 330.0 16.4 8.35 6.6 2.4 12.0 16.0 Q1
MAX3221CPWR TSSOP PW 16 2000 330.0 12.4 6.9 5.6 1.6 8.0 12.0 Q1
MAX3221IDBR SSOP DB 16 2000 330.0 16.4 8.35 6.6 2.4 12.0 16.0 Q1
MAX3221IPWR TSSOP PW 16 2000 330.0 12.4 6.9 5.6 1.6 8.0 12.0 Q1
MAX3221IPWR TSSOP PW 16 2000 330.0 12.4 6.9 5.6 1.6 8.0 12.0 Q1
MAX3221IPWRG4 TSSOP PW 16 2000 330.0 12.4 6.9 5.6 1.6 8.0 12.0 Q1

Pack Materials-Page 1
 PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION

www.ti.com 28-Jun-2021

*All dimensions are nominal

Device Package Type Package Drawing Pins SPQ Length (mm) Width (mm) Height (mm)
MAX3221CDBR SSOP DB 16 2000 853.0 449.0 35.0
MAX3221CPWR TSSOP PW 16 2000 853.0 449.0 35.0
MAX3221IDBR SSOP DB 16 2000 853.0 449.0 35.0
MAX3221IPWR TSSOP PW 16 2000 364.0 364.0 27.0
MAX3221IPWR TSSOP PW 16 2000 853.0 449.0 35.0
MAX3221IPWRG4 TSSOP PW 16 2000 853.0 449.0 35.0

Pack Materials-Page 2
 PACKAGE OUTLINE
PW0016A SCALE 2.500
TSSOP - 1.2 mm max height
SMALL OUTLINE PACKAGE

SEATING
PLANE
6.6 C
TYP
A 6.2
0.1 C
PIN 1 INDEX AREA
14X 0.65
16
1

2X
5.1 4.55
4.9
NOTE 3

8
9
0.30
4.5 16X 1.2 MAX
B 0.19
4.3
NOTE 4 0.1 C A B

(0.15) TYP
SEE DETAIL A

0.25
GAGE PLANE
0.15
0.05

0.75
0.50
0 -8
DETAIL A
A 20

TYPICAL

4220204/A 02/2017

NOTES:

1. All linear dimensions are in millimeters. Any dimensions in parenthesis are for reference only. Dimensioning and tolerancing
per ASME Y14.5M.
2. This drawing is subject to change without notice.
3. This dimension does not include mold flash, protrusions, or gate burrs. Mold flash, protrusions, or gate burrs shall not
exceed 0.15 mm per side.
4. This dimension does not include interlead flash. Interlead flash shall not exceed 0.25 mm per side.
5. Reference JEDEC registration MO-153.

www.ti.com
 EXAMPLE BOARD LAYOUT
PW0016A TSSOP - 1.2 mm max height
SMALL OUTLINE PACKAGE

16X (1.5) SYMM

(R0.05) TYP
1
16X (0.45) 16

SYMM

14X (0.65)

8 9

(5.8)

LAND PATTERN EXAMPLE

EXPOSED METAL SHOWN
SCALE: 10X

SOLDER MASK METAL UNDER SOLDER MASK

METAL SOLDER MASK OPENING
OPENING

EXPOSED METAL EXPOSED METAL

0.05 MAX 0.05 MIN

ALL AROUND ALL AROUND

NON-SOLDER MASK SOLDER MASK

DEFINED DEFINED
(PREFERRED) SOLDER MASK DETAILS
15.000

4220204/A 02/2017
NOTES: (continued)

6. Publication IPC-7351 may have alternate designs.

7. Solder mask tolerances between and around signal pads can vary based on board fabrication site.

www.ti.com
 EXAMPLE STENCIL DESIGN
PW0016A TSSOP - 1.2 mm max height
SMALL OUTLINE PACKAGE

16X (1.5) SYMM

(R0.05) TYP
1
16X (0.45) 16

SYMM

14X (0.65)

8 9

(5.8)

SOLDER PASTE EXAMPLE

BASED ON 0.125 mm THICK STENCIL
SCALE: 10X

4220204/A 02/2017
NOTES: (continued)

8. Laser cutting apertures with trapezoidal walls and rounded corners may offer better paste release. IPC-7525 may have alternate
design recommendations.
9. Board assembly site may have different recommendations for stencil design.

www.ti.com
 MECHANICAL DATA

MSSO002E – JANUARY 1995 – REVISED DECEMBER 2001

DB (R-PDSO-G**) PLASTIC SMALL-OUTLINE

28 PINS SHOWN

0,38
0,65 0,15 M
0,22
28 15

0,25
0,09
5,60 8,20
5,00 7,40

Gage Plane

1 14 0,25

A 0°–ā8° 0,95
0,55

Seating Plane

2,00 MAX 0,05 MIN 0,10

PINS **
14 16 20 24 28 30 38
DIM

A MAX 6,50 6,50 7,50 8,50 10,50 10,50 12,90

A MIN 5,90 5,90 6,90 7,90 9,90 9,90 12,30

4040065 /E 12/01

NOTES: A. All linear dimensions are in millimeters.

B. This drawing is subject to change without notice.
C. Body dimensions do not include mold flash or protrusion not to exceed 0,15.
D. Falls within JEDEC MO-150

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