Chem 12 Report

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CERTIFICATION
This is to hereby certify that the investigatory chemistry

project titled ‘‘CRYSTALLIZATION OF MOHR’S SALT AND
POTASH ALUM’’ has been completed sincerely by Adwaith
Shine of Class XII-J. The Indian School, Bahrain as per the
CBSE practical work requirement for the session 2022-2023.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is the utmost pleasure to express my gratitude towards

Mr.Ramesh M.P ,my chemistry teacher, for her kind support,
encouragement, guidance and help in directing me to
complete this project successfully. I am also thankful to
Mrs.Manju, the chemistry lab assistant for her valuable
guidance and supervision which has played a considerable
role in helping me to attain the present form of this project.
CONTENT
INTRODUCTION
ABSTRACT
EXPERIMENT
PREPARATION OF POTASH ALUM
AIM
To prepare potash alum from potassium sulphate and

aluminium sulphate through crystallisation.
THEORY
The formula for potash alum is K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O. It is

prepared by crystallizing the alum from a concentrated
solution containing equimolar amounts of potassium
sulphate and aluminium sulphate. It is a colourless,
crystalline solid with a sour taste. The crystal of potash alum
is octahedral. It is commonly known as ‘fitkari’.
The chemical reaction is given below.
K2SO4(aq) + Al2(SO4)3(aq) → K2SO4. Al2(SO4)3.24H2O(s)
(Potash Alum)
While dissolving aluminium sulphate in warm water a little
amount of dilute sulphuric acid is added to prevent the
hydrolysis of this salt.
When a solution containing two inorganic salts in a definite
proportion is allowed to crystallize a double slat is said to
have separated. The name alum is given to the special series
of double salts. Aluminium is the most abundant metal and
the recycling of aluminium products by melting and recasting
into other metal products are used in the production of
various aluminium compounds. In that one of the most useful
compounds is potash alum
MATERIALS REQUIRED
Potassium sulphate
Aluminium sulphate
Dil. sulphuric acid
Distilled water
Beaker
Conical flask
Tripod stand
Funnel
Burner
China dish
Wire gauze
Filter paper
PROCEDURE
Weigh 12.5g of potassium sulfate and dissolved in a

minimum quantity of distilled water in a beaker. Stir to
dissolve the crystals.
Take a conical flask, in that dissolve 50g of aluminium sulfate
in warm water and add 3ml of dilute sulphuric acid to make
the solution clear.
Filter the solutions if it is not clear.
Mix the two clear solutions in a china dish.
Place the china dish on a wire gauze over a burner.
Stir the solution and concentrate the solution till the
crystallization point is reached.
Place the solution over a beaker containing cold water for a
few hours.
Crystals of potash alum will get separated, filter then from
the mother liquor and wash them with a small quantity of
cold water.
Dry the crystals by pressing gently between the folds of the
filter paper
Weigh them on the chemical balance to know the yield.
OBSERVATION
RESULT
The yield of Potash alum is _______ gm.

Expected yield is ______ gm.
PRECAUTIONS
To prevent hydrolysis of aluminium sulphate, dilute sulphuric

acid should be added while preparing the saturated solution.
During crystallization do not disturb the solution.
For dissolving salts always use warm water.
The concentrated solution should be cooled slowly.
PREPARATION OF FERROUS AMMONIUM SULPHATE(MOHR’S
SALT)
AIM
To prepare Mohr’s salt: ferrous ammonium sulphate from

ferrous sulphate and ammonium sulphate in the presence of
acid.
THEORY
The formula for ferrous ammonium sulphate is FeSO4.

(NH4)2SO4.6H2O. It is prepared by dissolving equimolar
mixture of hydrated ferrous sulphate and ammonium
sulphate in water containing a little sulfuric acid. The solution
is subjected to crystallization, ferrous ammonium sulphate
separates out from the solution.
The chemical reaction is given below: -  FeSO4 + (NH4)2SO4
+ 6H2O → FeSO4. (NH4)2SO4.6H2O (Mohr’s salt)
The addition of sulfuric acid in this experiment prevents the
hydrolysis of this salt. Ferrous ammonium sulphate is a pale
green crystalline compound which does not effloresce like
ferrous sulphate. It is less readily oxidized than FeSO4 and
therefore, a better volumetric reagent in preference to
ferrous sulphate.
Mohr’s salt is also called as double salt which contain more
than one simple salt. It undergoes complete dissociation in
aqueous solutions. Mohr’s salt dissociates into Fe2+, NH4+,
SO42- ions and give their individual chemical test.
Mohr’s salt is light green transparent octahedral crystals. It is
soluble in water giving acidic solution which turns blue litmus
paper red and gives effervescence with sodium bicarbonate
evolving carbon dioxide. Ferrous Ammonium Sulphate also
called Mohr's salt is prepared by dissolving equimolar
mixture of hydrated ferrous sulphate and ammonium
sulphate in water containing a little sulphuric acid. The
solution is subjected to crystallization.
MATERIALS REQUIRED
Conical flask
Tripod stand
Burner
Funnel
Watch glass
Glass rod
Filter paper
Wire gauze
China dish
Ferrous sulphate
Ammonium sulphate
Dilute sulphuric acid
PROCEDURE
Weigh 7g of ferrous sulphate and 3.5g of ammonium

sulphate separately.
Mix ferrous sulphate and ammonium sulphate in water in a
beaker containing dilute sulphuric acid.  Gently warm the
solution to get a clear solution.
Filter the solution to remove suspended impurities and
concentrate the clear filtrate by heating it china dish over a
sand bath till the crystallization point is reached.
Stir the solution occasionally during heating.
Keep the solution undisturbed for slow cooling. After some
time, crystal of ferrous ammonium sulphate will get
separated from the solution.
Separate the crystals by decantation from the mother liquor
and wash the crystals with cold water.
Dry the crystals between the folds of filter paper or by
spreading on a porous plate.
OBSERVATION
RESULT
PRECAUTIONS
Allow slow cooling and do not disturb the solution during

cooling to get good quality crystals.
During the process heating of the solution should be done in
a short time only. Because prolonged heating forms ferric
ions along with ferrous ammonium sulphate.
Suppose if the solution is yellow instead of green the
experiment should be repeated.
CONCLUSIONS
Most minerals and organic molecules crystallize easily, and

the resulting crystals are generally of good quality, i.e.,
without visible defects. However, larger biochemical
particles, like proteins, are often difficult to crystallize. The
ease with which molecules will crystallize strongly depends
on the intensity of either atomic forces (in the case of
mineral substances), intermolecular forces (organic and
biochemical substances) or intermolecular forces
(biochemical substances). Crystallization is also a chemical
solid–liquid separation technique, in which mass transfer of a
solute from the liquid solution to a pure solid crystalline
phase occurs. In chemical engineering, crystallization occurs
in a crystallizer. Crystallization is therefore related to
precipitation, although the result is not amorphous or
disordered, but a crystal.
REFERENCE

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This is to hereby certify that the investigatory chemistry

It is the utmost pleasure to express my gratitude towards

To prepare potash alum from potassium sulphate and

The formula for potash alum is K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O. It is

Weigh 12.5g of potassium sulfate and dissolved in a

The yield of Potash alum is _______ gm.

To prevent hydrolysis of aluminium sulphate, dilute sulphuric

To prepare Mohr’s salt: ferrous ammonium sulphate from

The formula for ferrous ammonium sulphate is FeSO4.

Weigh 7g of ferrous sulphate and 3.5g of ammonium

Allow slow cooling and do not disturb the solution during

Most minerals and organic molecules crystallize easily, and

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