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Assumption College of Davao

J.P. Cabaguio Avenue, Davao City
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
PAASCU Re- Accredited – Level II

LEARNING MODULE 6
4th QUARTER
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 10
___________________________________________________________________________
WEEK 6
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
What happens in a chemical change? What do you visualize when we talk about chemical reaction? Is it an
image of chemicals combining to produce dramatic color change? Or is it an image of chemicals uniting
explosively to create light, sound, and heat?
This module will help you answer these questions and understand the changes around us.

DAY 1 and 2 : Close Reading

TOPIC: Matter: CHEMICAL REACTIONS
Competency: Students would be able to
1. apply the principles of conservation of mass to chemical reactions (S10MT-IVe-g-23);
2. explain how the factors affecting rates of chemical reactions are applied in food preservation and
materials production, control of fire, pollution and erosion. (S10MT-IVh-j-24)
Objective: At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
1. discuss the elements present in biomolecules;
2. discuss the properties and characteristics of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids and;
3. explain the importance of nutrition information on food labels.
Lesson Proper:
What is a Chemical Reaction?
A chemical reaction is in which the bonds are broken within reactant molecules, and new bonds are formed within
product molecules in order to form a new substance.
Chemical reactions are all around us, from the metabolism of food in our body to how the light we get from the
sun is the results of chemical reactions. Before beginning with chemical reactions, it is important to know about
physical and chemical changes.

A burning candle is the best example of physical and chemical change. Take a candle and light it. As time passes,
we can observe that the candle changes to wax. If you cover the candle with a jar, it will extinguish.
In the demonstration, burning of the candle is a chemical change while conversion of the candle to wax is a
physical change. In a physical change, there is basically a change of state of the substance but in the case of a
chemical change mostly a new substance is formed in which either energy is given off or absorbed. Thus, we can
conclude that chemical changes are accompanied by certain physical changes.

Basic Concepts of Chemical Reactions

• A Chemical Reaction is a process that occurs when two or more molecules interact to form a new
product(s).
• Compounds that interact to produce new compounds are called reactants whereas the newly formed
compounds are called products.
• Chemical reactions play an integral role in different industries, customs and even in our daily life. They
are continuously happening in our general surroundings; for example, rusting of iron, pottery, fermentation of wine
and so on.
• In a chemical reaction, a chemical change must occur which is generally observed with physical changes
like precipitation, heat production, color change etc.
• A reaction can take place between two atoms or ions or molecules, and they form a new bond and no
atom is destroyed or created but a new product is formed from reactants.
• The rate of reaction depends on and is affected by factors like pressure, temperature, the concentration of
reactants.
Chemical Equations
Due to the vast amounts of chemical reactions happening around us, a nomenclature was developed to simplify
how we express a chemical reaction in the form of a chemical equation. A chemical equation is nothing but a
mathematical statement which symbolizes the product formation from reactants while stating certain condition for
which how the reaction has been conducted.

SCIENCE 10_ Module 6_4th Quarter_Page | 1

The reactants are on the left-hand side whereas products formed on the right-hand side connected by a one-
headed or two-headed arrows. For example, a reaction
A+B→C+D
Here, A and B are the reactants, which react to form the products C and D. In an actual chemical equation,
reactants are denoted by their chemical formula. In order to assure the law of conservation of mass, a chemical
equation must be balanced i.e. the number of atoms on both sides must be equal. This is the balancing of the
equation.
Let us consider an actual chemical reaction between Methane (CH₄) and Oxygen (O2)

Here we can see how the number of each atom on the left side is balanced on the right side, as stated by
the law of conservation of mass.
Hence, the law of conservation of mass states that mass in an isolated system is neither created nor destroyed
by chemical reactions or physical transformations. According to the law of conservation of mass, the mass of
the products in a chemical reaction must equal the mass of the reactants as shown in the above example.
If you have access to the internet you may watch this video for further understanding:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N7SbiJXUANo
Types of Chemical Reactions
The basis for different types of reactions is the product formed, the changes that occur, the reactants involved and
so on. Different types of reactions are
• Combustion reaction
• Decomposition reaction
• Neutralization reaction
• Redox Reaction
• Precipitation or Double-Displacement Reaction
• Synthesis reaction
1. Combustion Reaction
A combustion reaction is a reaction with a combustible material with an oxidizer to give an oxidized product. An
oxidizer is a chemical a fuel requires to burn, generally oxygen. Consider the example of combustion of
magnesium metal.
2Mg+O2→2MgO+Heat
Here, 2 magnesium atoms react with a molecule of oxygen producing 2 molecules of the compound magnesium
oxide releasing some heat in the process.
2. Decomposition Reaction
A Decomposition reaction is a reaction in which a single component breaks down into multiple products. Certain
changes in energy in the environment have to be made like heat, light or electricity breaking bonds of the
compound. Consider the example of the decomposition of calcium carbonate giving out CaO (Quick Lime) which
is a major component of cement.
CaCO3(s)→Heat CaO(s)+CO2(g)

Here, the compound Calcium carbonate when heated breaks down into Calcium Oxide and Carbon Dioxide.
3. Neutralization Reaction
A Neutralization reaction is basically the reaction between an acid and a base giving salt and water as the
products. The water molecule formed is by the combination of OH– ions and H+ ions. The overall pH of the
products when a strong acid and a strong base undergo a neutralization reaction will be 7. Consider the
example of the neutralization reaction between Hydrochloric acid and Sodium Hydroxide giving out sodium
chloride(Common Salt) and water.
HCl+NaOH→NaCl+H2O

SCIENCE 10_ Module 6_4th Quarter_Page | 2

Here, an acid and a base, Hydrochloric acid and Sodium Hydroxide react in a neutralization reaction to
produce Sodium Chloride(Common Salt) and water as the products.
4. Redox Reaction
A REDuction-OXidation reaction is a reaction in which there is a transfer of electrons between chemical
species. Let us consider the example of an electrochemical cell-like redox reaction between Zinc and
Hydrogen.
Zn+2H+→Zn2++H2
Here, A Zinc atom reacts with 2 ions of positively charged hydrogen to which electrons get transferred from
zinc atom and hydrogen becomes a stable molecule and Zinc ion is the product.
5. Precipitation or Double-Displacement Reaction
It is a type of displacement reaction in which two compounds react and consequently, their anions and
cations switch places forming two new products. Consider the example of the reaction between silver nitrate
and sodium chloride. The products will be silver chloride and sodium nitrate after the double-displacement
reaction.
AgNO3+NaCl→AgCl+NaNO3

Here, Silver Nitrate and Sodium Chloride undergo a double displacement reaction. Wherein Silver replaces
Sodium in Sodium Chloride and Sodium joins with Nitrate becoming Sodium Nitrate along with the Silver
Chloride as the product.
6. Synthesis Reaction
A Synthesis reaction is one of the most basic types of reaction wherein multiple simple compounds combine
under certain physical conditions giving out a complex product. The product will always be a compound. Let us
consider the Synthesis reaction of sodium chloride with reactants solid sodium and chloride gas.
2Na(s)+Cl(g)→2NaCl(s)
Here, we have 2 Atoms of solid Sodium reacting with Chlorine gas giving out Sodium Chloride viz. Common Salt
as the product.

Conservation of Mass in Chemical Reactions

These vividly colored maple leaves were all bright green during the summer. Every fall, leaves of maple trees
change to brilliant red, orange, and yellow colors. A change of color is a sign that a chemical change has taken
place. Maple leaves change color because of chemical reactions.
Chemical Reactions and Balanced Equations
A chemical reaction occurs when some substances change chemically to other substances. Chemical reactions
are represented by chemical equations. Consider a simple chemical reaction, the burning of methane. In this
reaction, methane (CH4) combines with oxygen (O2) in the air and produces carbon dioxide (CO2) and water
vapor (H2O).

The reaction is represented by the following chemical equation:

CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O

This equation shows that one molecule of methane combines with two molecules of oxygen to produce one
molecule of carbon dioxide and two molecules of water vapor. All chemical equations must be balanced. This
means that the same number of each type of atom must appear on both sides of the arrow.

Q: Is the chemical equation for the burning of methane balanced? Count the atoms of each type on both sides of
the arrow to find out.

A: Yes, the equation is balanced. There is one carbon atom on both sides of the arrow. There are also four
hydrogen atoms and four oxygen atoms on both sides of the arrow.
Following the Law
SCIENCE 10_ Module 6_4th Quarter_Page | 3
Why must chemical equations be balanced? It’s the law! Matter cannot be created or destroyed in chemical
reactions. This is the law of conservation of mass. In every chemical reaction, the same mass of matter must end
up in the products as started in the reactants. Balanced chemical equations show that mass is conserved in
chemical reactions.

Rate of Chemical Reaction

Chemical Kinetics
 It is a branch of chemistry that deals with the mechanism and rates of chemical reactions.
 It is a relevant field that has multiple applications.
 Controlling the rate by which chemical reactions occur directly affects many processes, both natural and
artificial.
Reaction Rate
 It is defined by the number of reactions related to the amount of reactants being changed into products
over time.
 It can be expressed in the units of molarity per second, M/s.
There are several factors that affect the rate of chemical reactions.
Collision Theory:
 It is one of the first theories that explain reaction mechanisms and reaction rates.
 The collision theory present the conditions that must be satisfied for a chemical reaction to take place.
 This theory was separately proposed by German chemist, Max Trautz, and British physical chemist,
William Cudmore McCullagh Lewis, in 1916 and 1917, respectively.
 Collision theory explains why different reactions occur at different rates, and suggests ways to change
the rate of a reaction. Collision theory states that for a chemical reaction to occur, the reacting particles
must collide with one another. The rate of the reaction depends on the frequency of collisions. The theory
also tells us that reacting particles often collide without reacting. For collisions to be successful, reacting
particles must (1) collide with (2) sufficient energy, and (3) with the proper orientation.
Collision Requirement
 According to the collision theory, for a certain chemical reaction to occur, the molecules of the reacting
species should be colliding with one another.
 Molecules or atoms that are very mobile have higher chances of colliding with other molecules.
 The higher the number of participating units is, the greater is the chance of successful collisions.
Orientation Requirement

Orientation and kinetic energy of the reactant molecules can determine whether a chemical reaction will take
place or not.

 Reactants must be properly oriented when they collide.

 Only properly oriented compounds or elements will successfully form a product.
 Specific areas between the two reactants will need to collide in order for the chemical reaction to take
place.
 If the condition of correct alignments for the reactants is not met, then the product will not be formed.
Energy Requirement
 The energy of molecules involved in a chemical reaction is as important as their collision for a successful
chemical reaction to take place.
 Chemical reactions need a minimum energy requirement for it to proceed.
 This minimum energy requirement is known as the activation energy (Ea).
 It is the minimum energy required to break the existing chemical bonds of the reactants.
  Activation Energy (Ea)
 If two reacting species collide with one
another and the energy of the collision is less
than the Ea, then the chemical reaction will
not take place.
 If two reacting species collide with one
another and the energy of the collision is
equal to or greater than the Ea, then the
chemical reaction will take place

Activation energy and reaction progress diagram .

SCIENCE 10_ Module 6_4th Quarter_Page | 4

 Ineffective Collisions
 These are collisions with the
incorrect orientation and with
less than the required amount of
energy
 Chemical reaction will not occur

Effective Collisions
 These are collisions with the correct
orientation and with the right
amount of energy
 Chemical reaction will occur.

The ineffective and effective collision of hydrogen and iodine

molecules.
Factors Affecting the Rate of Collision
 concentration of reactants
 temperature
 surface area
Effect of Concentration
 Concentration is the number of molecules present in a specified volume.
 An increase in concentration of reactants increases the rate of reaction.
 When the concentration is high, more particles are present.
 There is a higher frequency of effective collisions.

Effect of the increase in concentration in the rate of reaction.

Effect of Temperature
 An increase in temperature increases the rate of reaction.
 Energy is applied to increase the temperature.
 Higher temperatures will generally lead molecules to move faster than in lower temperatures.
 The added energy increases the kinetic energy of reactant molecules, resulting to greater frequency of
effective collisions.
 Conversely, lowering the temperature slows down chemical reactions.
Effect of Surface Area
 When the surface area of reactant molecules is greater, the reaction is faster because there are more
sites of collision.
 Surface area depends not only on volume but also on how fragmented the reactant is.
 A more fragmented reactant has a greater surface area to come in contact with, and therefore collide
with.

For example, a solid reactant will react faster to a

liquid reactant if it is broken into smaller bits
rather than as a large chunk.

The surface area increases when a cube is divided

into smaller pieces.
Catalysts
 These are substances that influence a chemical reaction without being consumed in the reaction.

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  They can be used several times and can be recovered since it does not change or participate in the
formation of the product of a chemical reaction.
 Catalysts provide an alternative reaction pathway for the process of bond breaking, resulting in lower
activation energy.

 The energy barrier has a lower energy requirement, allowing more reacting molecules to be converted
into products.
 Catalysts do not affect the composition of the equilibrium but only affects the rate at which this equilibrium
is reached.
Homogeneous Catalysts
 In a homogeneous reaction, the catalyst has the same phase as the reactants.
 They work by forming an intermediate compound with the reactants.
 They are usually in the form of a gas or in a contained single liquid phase.
 Example: chlorofluorocarbons catalyzing the breakdown of ozone molecules (O3) into oxygen molecules
 all in gaseous form
Heterogeneous Catalysts
 In a heterogeneous reaction, the catalyst has a different phase with the reactants.
 They are usually in the form of a solid with reactants that are liquids or gases.
 Example: Ostwald process
 production of nitric acid involving the use of a catalyst (platinum and rhodium-based) with the
reactants being oxygen and ammonia)
Example: catalytic converters
They are used to change poisonous molecules such
as nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxides into
harmless molecules, such as N2 and CO2.
Metals such as Pt and Pd are usually used for these
reactions.
They are embedded in the honeycomb structure
that maximizes their contact to the exhausted gas.
Cross section of a portion of a catalytic converter
(honeycomb structures).
How Are Reactions Catalyzed?
 More frequent collisions and lower energy required will naturally lead to a faster chemical reaction.
 What most catalysts do is lower the activation energy.
 Catalysis happens through a series of steps in order to allow the speeding-up of chemical reactions to
occur.
The Process of Catalysis
1. Bonding - The catalyst forms a bond with the
reactants.
2. Reaction - The reacting molecules combine or
rearrange to form the product.
3. Separation - The product separates from the
catalyst. Catalyst is free again to form bonds
with other reactants.

Mechanism of catalysis: A and B react to form P.

Example of Catalysis
 Hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solution undergoes decomposition into water and oxygen.

 Iodine (I2) can be used to catalyze this decomposition reaction.

You can explain the mechanism of the catalyzed reaction through the following steps:
1. Bonding - The iodine cation forms a bond with one oxygen molecule. Note that one of the products,
water, is already formed.

2. Reaction - The OI- anion reacts with some of the remaining hydrogen peroxide molecules to form water
and oxygen.

3. Separation - The I+ reappeared on the product side. It has separated from the oxygen it previously
bonded. It is free again to react with the remaining H2O2 molecules
Controlled Reaction Rates
 Reaction rates can be controlled.
 There are many applications that benefit us by controlling chemical reactions.
SCIENCE 10_ Module 6_4th Quarter_Page | 6
These may be found in the fields of medicine, in industrial settings, or in other fields.
 food spoilage
 corrosion
 combustion

Food Spoilage
 It is a naturally occurring chemical process
caused by multiple factors, the most common
being either by chemical or microbial agents.
 If you leave food alone for a long time, a
chemical reaction will start and change the
food into something harmful.

 Microbial agents 
 They are usually in the form of fungi
or bacteria that produce substances
like enzyme and other toxic chemical
that render the food inedible. 
 They usually come from many
sources, either from the air, through
contact, or during the food
preparation process.
 Chemical Agents
 They involve chemical reactions that
cause food to become inedible.
 The type of food may be susceptible
to certain factors (e.g., sunlight,
physical damage, etc.)
Preventing Food Spoilage
 An inhibitor works in the same manner as catalysts but has an opposite effect; it slows down chemical
reactions.
 Preservatives are inhibitors added to food products, such as bottled drinks and canned food, to slow
down the chemical reactions involved with food spoilage and extend the period in which the food remains
edible.
Ex. benzoic acid (C7H6O2)
butylhydroxytoluene (C15H24O)
 Freezing the food also slows down the chemical reactions that lead to spoilage by causing the molecules
of the food to move slower; thus, reducing the rate of collision among the molecules.
 Freezing can also slow down or stop the bacteria that can cause spoilage.
Corrosion
 Corrosion is the reaction of metals with oxygen forming metal oxides.
 It is a synthesis reaction that usually happens if a metal is excessively exposed to oxygen or water.
 It reduces the quality of the metal by making it less sturdy.
 Surface area has a direct effect on metal corrosion.
 When the exposed area of the metal is larger, the rate of corrosion of the metal is faster.
 The exposed area of the metals is in direct contact with the atmosphere and can readily react with oxygen
molecules.
Preventing Corrosion
 Paint is used to shield iron from the oxygen molecules of the atmosphere and prevent the formation of
rust.
 It effectively coats the corrodible metal against oxygen in the atmosphere.
 This is one reason why metals that have paint freshly-stripped off are rarely stained with rust.
 Another method is dipping the iron in molten zinc and results in zinc externally coating the iron.
 Zinc can react with oxygen molecules in the atmosphere to form zinc oxides, which are impermeable, so
no oxygen molecule can reach the iron inside.
Combustion
 In case of a fire, the burning of fuel must be retarded or decreased in rate to effectively stop the flame.
 The process of combustion is the chemical reaction that causes fires to start and continue burning.
 To start a flame, three things are needed: fuel, oxygen, and heat. These three are known as the fire
triangle.
The Chemical Reaction of Burning
 Fuel reacts with oxygen in the air to produce
heat and light energy.
 Heat can be introduced to start a reaction and
after that, the heat produced by the previously
reacting molecules can be used to sustain the
flame until all the fuel is used up.

SCIENCE 10_ Module 6_4th Quarter_Page | 7

Decreasing Burning Rate
 The components of the fire triangle need to be disrupted in order to effectively put out a fire.
 Using sand or water for retarding flames.
 CO2 extinguishers use carbon dioxide for extinguishing the fire.
 Liquid CO2 is stored inside the tank, and it remains a liquid as long as it is pressurized.
 When the liquid CO2 is released from the tank, it vaporizes into a gas phase which shifts the
concentration of gases in the fire to CO2 and lowers the amount of oxygen present.
 An example of a chemical used in fire extinguishers is monoammonium phosphate (also known as MAP).
 Fire extinguishers containing this substance are sometimes known as ABC extinguishers.
 MAP extinguishers work by lowering the surface area of the substances that can burn, and also lowers
the oxygen supply of the fire since it makes a barrier between the fire and air.
Enzymes
 The most common examples of catalysts can be seen inside our body in the form of enzymes.
 Enzymes are used to carry out reactions inside the body by increasing the rate of reactions by such a
degree that many normal processes in organisms become impossible without them.
 They are specific to reactions; “lock-and-key” hypothesis
Enzyme Activity
 The active site is the part of the enzyme molecule where the reaction happens.
 Enzymes may have one or multiple active sites.
 There are different enzymes that catalyze the reactions of different molecules. These molecules, called
substrates, perfectly fit the active site of the enzyme like a jigsaw puzzle.
 Substrates are the ones that the enzymes will act on, thus making them the equivalents of reactants in a
nonbiological chemical reaction.

An example of a molecule undergoing decomposition reaction with the help of an enzyme

Examples of Enzymes
 since the activity of enzymes is specific to their substrates, there are thousands of kinds of enzymes
present in a single organism.
 Some examples of enzymes in the human body:
 Amylase, found in saliva, which is used for breaking down starch.
 Trypsin and chymotrypsin, produced by the pancreas. These are examples of proteases, which break
down proteins.
 Several lipases, for emulsifying fats in the digestive system.
 DNA polymerase, which aids in DNA replication.
 Helicases, for unwinding DNA strands.
The Ozone Layer
 Catalysis can also be observed in the atmosphere, particularly in the ozone layer.
 The ozone layer in the stratosphere protects organisms from ultraviolet rays coming from the sun.
 Ozone is a molecular form of oxygen where each molecule has three oxygen atoms (O3) instead of the
usual two (O2).
 The ozone layer absorbs these ultraviolet rays from the sun and prevents excessive amounts of radiation
from reaching the Earth’s surface.
 This is accomplished by the delicate balance between ozone and oxygen, as the formation of ozone from
oxygen relies on this balance.
Oxygen and Ozone Reactions
 When oxygen absorbs ultraviolet radiation with a wavelength less than 240 nm, it splits into two free
oxygen atoms.

(UV less than 240 nm)

 When a free oxygen atom encounters an oxygen molecule, it forms ozone.

 When ozone absorbs ultraviolet radiation greater than 240 nm, it splits into an oxygen molecule and free
O atom.

(UV greater than 240 nm)

 The ozone layer absorbs ultraviolet rays through both decompositions of oxygen molecules to free
oxygen atoms or ozone molecule to oxygen molecule and free atom.
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
 A class of chemicals named as such since they contain chlorine, fluorine, and carbon atoms
 They were developed and have become useful in products such as hairspray and as cooling agents in
refrigerators.
 When released in the atmosphere and exposed to ultraviolet radiation, the chlorine atoms in CFCs are
released.

SCIENCE 10_ Module 6_4th Quarter_Page | 8

  The chlorine atoms serves as catalysts of the decomposition of ozone to oxygen, which naturally
decreases the amount of ozone in the atmosphere.
Ozone and Chlorofluorocarbons

The net effect is the increase of oxygen atoms and the decrease of ozone atoms in the ozone layer.
This has led to the creation of a
region where the ozone layer
has become dangerously thin.
This region is found above
Antarctica, called the ozone
hole. The ozone hole above Antarctica.

Effects of Ultraviolet Light on Biological Processes

 UV light in the right amount is actually beneficial to the environment.
 However, many biological and environmental processes are negatively impacted by the absorption of
excessive amounts of UV light.
Negative Effects of Ultraviolet Light on Biological Processes
 Premature skin aging and skin cancer for humans and some other animals.
 Damage to DNA, and some organs, like the eyes.
 Can suppress the immune response.
 Can suppress plant growth.
 Has an effect on the food chain, particularly on the efficiency of producers.
 Can affect the abiotic (nonbiological) factors of the environment.

Important Points to Remember

• In a chemical change, a new compound is formed but in a physical change, the substance changes its
state of existence.
• Atoms or ions or molecules which react to form a new substance are called reactants; the new atoms or
molecules formed are products.
• A chemical reaction follows the law of conservation of mass. That is no atom is destroyed or created but
only a new product is formed from reactants.
 Chemical kinetics is a branch of chemistry that deals with the rate by which chemical reactions take place.
 According to the collision theory, a chemical reaction can only occur upon following these conditions:
 the molecules should collide in order to react;
 the collision of molecules should be in the proper orientation; and
 the colliding molecules should have enough energy to react.
 Catalysts are substances that influence a chemical reaction without being consumed in the reaction.
 Catalysts provide an alternative reaction pathway for the process of bond breaking, resulting in lower
activation energy.
 In a homogeneous reaction, the catalyst has the same phase as the reactants. In an heterogeneous
reaction, the catalyst has a different phase compared to the reactants.
 A catalyzed reaction often involves a series of steps, which are bonding, reaction, and separation.
 There are many applications that benefit us by controlling chemical reactions. These may be found in the
fields of medicine, in industrial settings, or in other fields.
 Food spoilage leads to food becoming inedible as a result of microbial and chemical processes.
 Corrosion is the reaction of metals with oxygen forming metal oxides.
 The process of combustion is the chemical reaction that causes fires to start and continue burning and
can be controlled through chemical means.
 A lot of examples of catalyzed reactions can be seen in organisms and in the environment. Some
examples are enzymes in the former, and reactions in the ozone layer in the latter.
 Enzymes are biological catalysts and perform a wide variety of functions.
 Enzymes are highly specific, which is the reason why there are many thousands of enzymes in
organisms.
 The ozone layer protects the Earth from the harmful ultraviolet rays emitted by the sun.
 The chemical reactions in the atmosphere can either produce ozone or break it down.

Now that you have learned about the facts of chemical reaction and the factors affecting rates of
chemical reactions.
Go to WORKSHEETS: Firm up: Activity 1 and 2, Deepen Activity 3 and
Summative Activity 5.

SCIENCE 10_ Module 6_4th Quarter_Page | 9

 LEARNING MODULE 6
SCIENCE 10
WORKSHEETS 6
Name: _________________________ Grade & Section: _________________
Name of Teacher: ____________________________

Please write your complete name below affirming the given statement.
“I have scanned my son’s/daughter’s Worksheets before submission.”

__________________________________________________
Signature over Printed Name of Parent or Guardian
___________________________________________________________________________
General Instruction: Answer the questions/activities by writing legibly and neatly. Submit only
the activity sheets and keep the reading materials and workbook with you. Do not forget to
write your name, section, arrange the pages properly AND STAPLE IT TOGETHER.

Day 1 : Firm Up - Activity 1 and 2: Workbook Activity

Instructions: Answer the following questions in the workbook and its conclusion. You will be scored
using the criteria below:
Score Criteria
3 is comprehensive and supported with scientific claim and explanation
2 is supported with scientific claim and explanation
1 is lacking in terms of scientific claim and explanation

Answer science workbook Activity No. 43 found on page 107 – How are New Substances Produced?
(NOTE: DO NOT INCLUDE PROCEDURE 3 AND 4 OF THIS ACTIVITY) and Activity No. 44 What
Must Occur When Tarnished Silver is Polished? on page 108.

Day 2 : Deepen: Activity 3: Essay Writing:

Now that you have learned about chemical reaction and the factors affecting rates of chemical
reactions.

Instruction: Answer the following questions. All write ups will be scored using the criteria below:
Score Criteria
3 is comprehensive and supported with scientific claim and explanation
2 is supported with scientific claim and explanation
1 is lacking in terms of scientific claim and explanation

A. Research on studies about carbon footprint. Are the processes that are involved in
producing and reducing carbon footprints physical or chemical in nature? Explain your answer.

SCIENCE 10_ Module 6_4th Quarter_Page | 10

B. How does activation energy affect the rate of chemical reactions?

Day 4: Summative Test: Activity 4:Instruction: Multiple choice: Choose the letter of the correct answer
and write your answer on the space provided before each number.
_____1. During chemical reaction, _________________.
A. new elements are produced C. atoms are rearranged
B. atoms are destroyed D. elements are destroyed

_____2. The unbalanced chemical equation for the reaction in which carbon monoxide burns in oxygen to
form carbon dioxide is ______________.
A. CO O2 + CO2 C. CO2 CO + O2
B. CO + O2 CO2 D. CO + O2 CO2

_____3. An equation is balanced by ______________.

A. changing subscripts C. adding coefficients
B. erasing elements as necessary D. adding elements as necessary

_____4. A reaction that has two compounds as reactants and two compounds as products might be
described as a__________________.
A. direct-combination reaction C. decomposition reaction
B. single-combination reaction D. double-replacement reaction

_____5. When two or more substances combine to form one substance, it is a _________________.
A. direct-combination reaction C. decomposition reaction
B. single-combination reaction D. double-replacement reaction

_____6. Mg + 2 HCl MgCl2 + H2 is an example of a ________________.

A. direct-combination reaction C. decomposition reaction
B. single-combination reaction D. double-replacement reaction

_____7. When the equation Al + Br2 AlBr3 is balanced, the coefficient for Al is
A. 1 C. 3
B. 2 D. 4

For numbers 8-10: If the statement is true, write the word CHEMICAL on the space provided. If it is
false, change the underlined word or words to make the statement true.

____________________8. Chemical equations are balanced to reflect the law of multiple proportions.

____________________9. Coefficients are written in front of chemical formulas to balance the equation

____________________10. When Mg reacts with FeCl, magnesium will replace chlorine in the compound.

References:
 https://byjus.com/chemistry/chemical-reactions/
 https://flexbooks.ck12.org/cbook/ck-12-middle-school-physical-science-flexbook-2.0/section/
5.18/primary/lesson/conservation-of-mass-in-chemical-reactions-ms-ps
 https://www.google.com/search?
q=catalytic+converter+cross+section&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiinaOY9IbwAhXmy4sBHXTGAC
sQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=catalytic+converter+cross+&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQARgAMgIIADIECAAQGDoE
CAAQQzoGCAAQCBAeUNQlWK5KYLBZaABwAHgAgAHJAYgB1geSAQUwLjYuMZgBAKABA
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366&rlz=1C1CHBD_enPH909PH909
 Quipper
 Rex Science Links

SCIENCE 10_ Module 6_4th Quarter_Page | 12