Flame Calc
Flame Calc
Flame Calc
97
By Sakae YAGI.
with several sizes of nozzle diameter. At the lower value of ud, L/d,
increases almost proportionally to ud and at the higher ud, Lid is almost
independent of ud, tending to L/d=50-70.
The two states of flame above mentioned are also observed by the
photographic observation of flame (Fig. 2): one is a diffusional flame or
laminar flow flame and
the other a turbulent
flame, and there can be
seen some transitional
region between the two
states(4).
Theoretical Consi-
deration of Burning
Rate. We can establish
the following equation
of material balance, if
a flame in cylindrical
form is assumed to be
mixing status of air to
fuel gas by. means of
molecular or turbulent
diffusion, which means
that the chemical reac-
tion rate of combustion
is assumed to be very
large compared with the Fig. 3. Flame length.
mixing rate,
.(1)
combustion:⊿C=C,C=Ci at x=0
(2)
(3)
As the fuel concentration at the top of the flame measured was analysed
as some figure like 0.1Ci, the flame length L can be calculated by
putting C/Ci=0.1 and x=L in equation 2.
(4)
(5)
(6)
Probable values of unknown figures
at extreme turbulency.
3. For transitional flame:
Unable to be established definitely.
Radiant Heat from Flame. The radiation from the flame of the above
mentioned burner was measured along the length of the flame by a sensi-
tive thermopile and galvanometer, which was calibrated with a standard
black body furnace. The results measured are shown in Fig. 5, where
Qf is flame radiation integrated along the whole length of the flame, Vt is
gas volume nl/h. The experiment was conducted with various openings
of the burner nozzle, i.e. 1, 2, 5, 7, 110, mm. and various kinds of fuel
gas, i.e.
I: City gas only of 3000 Kcal./nm.3,
II: City gas added with C2H2 6 vol. %,
(7) S. Yagi and T. Kimura, J. Chem. Soc. Japan, Ind. Ed., 1949, in printing.
1949] Flame Length and its Heat Radiation. 101
(7)
(8)
The percentage of the amount of heat emitted per total heat content
of fuel used,η, varies with ud and
(9)
(8) S. Yagi, S. Yoshida and M. Yorizane, J. Chem. Soc. Japan, Ind. Ed., 52 (1949),
167.
(9) S. Yagi, J. S. C. I. J., 1937, 90, 93, 267.
1949] Flame Length and its Heat Radiation. 103
Fig. 8.
The major part of this series of work was conducted in the Tokyo
Institute of Technology with collaborators and some in the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology under Prof. H. C. Hottel, to whom the author
wishes to express his indebtedness.
Chemical Engineering Laboratories,
Tokyo University and Tokyo
Institute of Technology.