Geo Technical Investigation and Analysis Report of Hospital Building Temkemaiyung Rural Muncipality-7, Annapurna, Bhojpur
Geo Technical Investigation and Analysis Report of Hospital Building Temkemaiyung Rural Muncipality-7, Annapurna, Bhojpur
Geo Technical Investigation and Analysis Report of Hospital Building Temkemaiyung Rural Muncipality-7, Annapurna, Bhojpur
CLIENT
Annapurna,Bhojpur
CONSULTANT
Kathmandu
2021
H.N.M. Engineering and consultancy (P) Ltd is very much grateful for entrusting this job of
soil investigation of proposed building construction of Hospital Building, Temkemaiyung Rural
Municipality, Annapurna, Bhojpur to revel the facts and figures relating to the sub-soil of
building foundation for the stability and safety of foundation and super structure.
We hope this report will bring some useful parameters about the soil condition of the proposed
hospital building. This report shall also be useful in determining the depth and size of the
foundation and Corresponding bearing capacity.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Table 2. 1 Relation of N value to Relative Density and friction angle for granular soils............................. 8
1.1 Introduction:
This Report has been prepared in accordance with the agreement for Geo technical Investigation
and analysis of Hospital Building, Temkemaiyung Rural Municipality, Annapurna, Bhojpur.
The report covers the information on the general engineering characteristics of the subsoil as
revealed by the soil investigation work as well as the allowable bearing capacity for the proposed
foundation based on the soil data obtained from the field and laboratory tests. This report has
been prepared after soil exploration at the Building site for three positions fixed at site and detail
tests for samples.
The objective of this assignment is to execute the detail Geo-technical investigation work of
building which are;
The scope of work includes drilling of three boreholes, each of 15 m deep, along with standard
penetration test, dynamic cone penetration test, retrieving samples from the boreholes and
evaluation of allowable bearing capacity of the foundation based on field and laboratory tests.
The proposed Hospital Building, Temkemaiyung Rural Municipality, Annapurna, Bhojpur district,
Nepal. The position of Bore hole for below drilling works is shown in Table1.1.
1
1.4 General Geology, Geomorphology and Seismicity
Geologically, the site is located at Bhojpur District which is hilli region of Nepal
1.4.2 Seismicity
Nepal Himalaya is considered to be located in seismically active zone. There had many
earthquakes with epicenter located within the region. The most renowned earthquakes are 1934
Nepal-Bihar Earthquake and 1987 Nepal Earthquake which has intensity of 8.2 and 7.2 in
Richter scale respectively. They had caused uncountable number of damages. The recently occur
in April 2015 Nepal earthquake (also known as the Gorkha earthquake) with a magnitude of
7.8 and its epicenter was east of Gorkha District at Barpak, Gorkha, and its hypocenter was at a
depth of approximately 8.2 km (5.1 m) and then Continued aftershocks occurred throughout
Nepal at the intervals of 15–20 minutes, with one shock reaching a magnitude of 6.7 on 26 April.
It was the worst natural disaster to strike Nepal since the 1934 Nepal–Bihar earthquake.
According to the USGS, the earthquake was caused by a sudden thrust, or release of built-up
stress, along the major fault line where the Indian Plate, carrying India, is slowly diving
underneath the Eurasian Plate, carrying much of Europe and Asia.[26] Kathmandu, situated on a
block of crust approximately 120 km (74 miles) wide and 60 km (37 miles) long, reportedly
shifted 3 m (10 ft) to the south in a matter of just 30 seconds.
Many earth scientists believe that longitudinally the entire 2,400 km long Himalayan arc can be
segmented into different individual parts (200-300 km), which periodically break and move
separately and produce mega earthquake (catastrophic earthquake) in the Himalayan region.
2
From east to west, the seismic activity is related to the geo-tectonics of Himalayan Geology. The
southern Indo-Gangetic tectonic plate is sub ducting into the northern Tibetan (Eurasian)
Tectonic plate since the Miocene Period. The seduction rate is presumed to be at the rate 5-
8cm/year. The collision of two continental tectonic plates has caused the rise of the Himalaya,
which is the highest mountain range in the world. As a result, major longitudinal NW-SE striking
thrust faults are also created. These are Main Frontal Thrust (MFT) between Indogangetic Plain
and the Siwaliks, the Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) in between the Siwaliks and Higher
Himalaya and the Main Central Thrust (MCT) in between the Higher Himalaya and the Higher
Himalaya.
The great earthquake of Assam, India (1950), Shilong, India (1897), Nepal-Bihar, India (1934)
and Kangra, India (1905) are the mega-earthquakes of the last century produced by the
movements in different parts of the Himalayan arc, all with magnitude around 8.0 - 8.7. When a
sector of the Himalaya moves and produces earthquakes, it will take some time (from decades to
century) to repeat the event at the same place.
Nepal is prone to an earthquake of minor or major magnitude. Records of earthquakes since 1253
indicate that 16 major earthquakes hit Nepal - the 1833 (magnitude 7.9) and 1934(magnitude 8.3)
are two of these, which have occurred at an interval of 100 years. Statically, the earthquake
occurrence data of the last century shows that in average Nepal was hit by a big earthquake in
every 12 years (Nakarmi, 1997).
(Source: Micro Seismic Epicenter Map of Nepal Himalaya and Adjoining Region1997, Published by DoMG, GON)
3
1.4.2.1 Plate Tectonic Concept
From the geological studies, the Tectonic Force is generated from the continental collisions
between the Indian and Eurasian plates. It is believed that the Indian plate is going down i.e.
subduction whereas, Eurasian plate rising over the Indian plate. As a result, Peter and
Topponnier considered Tibet as a pressure gauge of Asia. Indian plate applies pressure to Eurasia
and Tibetan plateau rose to present position and is still rising at the rate of 3.2 cm to 12.7 cm a
year. In general, the Tectonic Forces have created linear belt of cracks parallel to Himalayas
along with the rise of height of mountains.
Due to Tectonic Forces, Himalayan zones and the neighboring areas are seismically very active.
Most of epicenters of earthquakes are found to be located in the unstable zones. The frequency
and intensity of earthquakes are found at the weakness of the crust such as major faults, major
bends or major acres. Location of Nepal in the Himalaya along with major tectonic boundary and
various longitudinal zones of the Himalaya are shown in Fig 3.
Seismic hazard map of Nepal is also shown in Fig 3. Figure 4 shows that earthquake with a peak
acceleration of 0.3 - 0.5 g may occur in 50 years, making the country very vulnerable to
earthquake. A recent earthquake of magnitude 7.6 on Richter scale also proves that the country is
highly vulnerable to earthquake.
Fig 1. 3 Location of Nepal in the Himalaya along with major tectonic boundary and various
longitudinal zones of the Himalaya (Bhandary et al. 2013)
4
Fig 1. 4 Seismic hazard map of Nepal (source: USGS)
Table 1. 2: A list of earthquake in Himalayas and the neighboring areas is given below:
5
Table 1. 3: shows the epicenter and magnitude of the historical earthquakes in different areas
of Nepal
Epicenter
6
SECTION – II: METHODOLOGY
2.1 Methodology
Field works involved heavy percussion boring mechanism at three boreholes around the
proposed Hospital building location to the maximum depth of 15.0 m from the ground level. SPT
at every 1.5m interval is recorded according as the ground condition. Borehole logs were
prepared at the site on the basis of the visual observation of the soil obtained from the boreholes.
The boreholes logs are attached to the annexes are further verified by lab test results.
The whole task of study for Geo-technical investigation of building has been intended to make
study and investigation and design of a building. This phase consists of soil exploration and field
test and laboratory tests and analysis for suitable type of foundation. The methodology for
carrying out the geotechnical works is as following:
In-situ Tests
Field works involved Percussion Drilling mechanism for drilling and sampling of the boreholes
in the proposed area to the maximum depth of 15 m from the ground levels and SPT were taken
at every 1.5 m intervals and are recorded. Borehole logs were prepared at the site on the basis of
the visual observation of the soil obtained from the boreholes. The boreholes logs are attached to
the Appendix - I are later verified by lab test results.
It consists of driving a Split Spoon Sampler with an outside dia. of 50 mm into the soil at the
base of borehole. Driving is accomplished by a drop of hammer weighing 63.5 kg falling freely
through a height of 750 mm onto the drive head at the rate of 30 blows per minute. First of all the
spoon is driven 150mm into the soil at the bottom of the borehole. It is then driven further
300mm and the number of blows (N values) required to drive this distance is recorded. If the
number of blows for 150mm drive exceeds 50, it is taken as refusal and the test is discontinued.
The equipment and hammer in which the SPT were conducted according to IS 2131-1 963.
7
Fig 2. 1 Standard Penetration Test Procedures
Table 2. 1 Relation of N value to Relative Density and friction angle for granular soils
Cone – drill rod – driving head assembly is installed vertically on the ground and hammer is
dropped from standard height repeatedly. The blow counts are recorded for every 100 mm
8
penetration. A sum of three consecutive values i.e. 300 mm is noted as the dynamic cone
resistance, Ncd at that depth.
The recorded dynamic cone resistance (Ncd) is correlated with the equivalent SPT (N) is
calculated as:
The equivalent SPT value more than 50 is recorded as 50 as presented in bore log.
9
Fig 2. 2 Angle of shearing resistance for different SPT N value
The consistency and unconfined shear strength of clay can be approximately determined from
SPT number. Table 2.2 gives approximate value of unconfined shear strength of clay for
different ranges of standard penetration number.
10
2.1.2 Sampling
Before any disturbed samples were taken, the bore holes are made clean to flush any loose
disturbed soil particles deposited during the boring operation. The samples obtained in the split
spoon barrel of SPT tube during SPT tests were preserved as representative disturbed samples.
The disturbed samples recovered were placed in air tight double 0.5 mm thick transparent plastic
bags, labeled properly for identification and finally sealed to avoid any loss of moisture. Only
then the samples were transported to the laboratory for further investigation.
Undisturbed Sample was extracted by means of thin wall tube (Shelby tube). The tube was
pushed into the ground and the sample recovered manually. The tube was sealed with wax and
wrapped with airtight polythene sheets and then bound by adhesive tapes and properly labeled.
The tube was properly packed in a wooden box so as to minimize the disturbances during
transportation to the Laboratory and avoided the changes of moisture content of sample. This
sample was used for the determination of strength and consolidation parameters.
The position of ground water table was measured at each borehole. The water level observed in
the bore holes at the end of a 24 hours long period after completion of boring work is taken as
the position of ground water table. The ground water table may fluctuate depending upon the
variation of season, draw down and recharging of ground water.
a) Atterberg’s Limit
c) Specific Gravity
11
The records of the test results are presented in the Appendix-II.
Sub soil strata are analyzed based upon the test results conducted at laboratory and field tests and
suitable type of foundation is recommended. Isolated and Raft footing is analyzed for proposed
building.
The final selection shall be decided based on requirement of type of building, loading condition.
12
SECTION – III: ANALYSIS OF FIELD AND LABORATORY DATA
The surface as well as sub-surface geological features existing at the building site is shown in the
borehole logs presented in Appendix I. As shown in bore log clayey strata are encountered
during boring.
3.2.1 General
Before selecting a given type of foundation, the particular set of conditions prevailing at a site,
the probable performance of the foundation must be judged with respect to two types of
potentially unsatisfactory behavior. In the first place, the bearing capacity of the foundation soil
must be sufficient enough to ensure that the induced total or differential settlement is not
detrimental. Secondly, the bearing capacity should be such that excessive shear strain, which
could lead to shear failure, does not occur.
The depth of foundation is governed the nature of the subsoil strata to place the foundation. The
type of foundation analyzed comprises raft footing. The bearing capacity analysis has been
carried out for foundation soil at 1.50m depth from ground.
In the analysis, both shear failure is taken into account. The bearing capacity analysis was carried
out based on the results of SPT N-value.
Bearing Capacity using Skempton’s formula for Rectangular footing is found which is given as
qns = (5*(1+0.2Df/B)*(1+0.2*(B/L))*Cu)/3
Where,
Cu = Undrained shear strength (CU (kPa) = 6.25N, Terzaghi & Peck (1967))
B = Width of foundation
13
L = Length of Foundation,
Df = Depth of Foundation
The following equation is used to determine bearing capacity from shear failure criteria.
Similarly, the following equation is used to determine bearing capacity from settlement criteria
for S mm settlement by following methods.
Similarly, the following equation is used to determine bearing capacity from settlement criteria
for S mm settlement by following methods.
B 0. 3 2
q np 12.2 N ( ) Rd W ( S / 25 ) for B≥1.20
B
Where,
B = Width of foundation
14
Df = Depth of foundation
Teng (1969) modified formula based on the curves developed by Terzaghi and Peck (1948)
B 0.3
2
q p ( KN / m 2 ) 53( N 3) Fd Rw
2B
where qp is the net allowable bearing pressure for allowed settlement of 25 mm, N is the
corrected SPT, B is the width of the footing, Rw is the water table correction factor (Rw=
1+z2/B), where z2 is the depth of water table from footing level, Fd is the depth factor (Fd =
1+0.2×D/B ≤ 1.2)
Using the relationships suggested above the analysis was carried out. The results of analysis are
summarized in below Table.
15
Table 3. 1 Bearing capacity of Isolated Footing
16
Table 3. 2 Bearing capacity of Raft Foundation
Computation of Bearing Capacity of Raft Foundation
BH 1
Description Unit Symbol Data
Observed SPT Value - NO 8 18 12 17 15 16 18
Soil Unit Weight kN/m3 g 18 18 18 18 18 18 18
Submerged Unit Weight kN/m3 gsub 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
Depth m Df 3 4.5 6 7.5 9 10.5 12
Depth to WT m Dw 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Effective Overburden Pressure kN/m2 p 0' 24 36 48 60 72 84 96
Correction Factor - CN 1.48 1.34 1.25 1.17 1.11 1.06 1.02
Corrected Value - NC 12 24 15 20 17 17 18
Average Value - NC(avg) 18
BH 2
Description Unit Symbol Data
Observed SPT Value - NO 16 18 18 17 20 19 20
Soil Unit Weight kN/m3 g 18 18 18 18 18 18 18
Submerged Unit Weight kN/m3 gsub 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
Depth m Df 3 4.5 6 7.5 9 10.5 12
Depth to WT m Dw 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Effective Overburden Pressure kN/m2 p 0' 24 36 48 60 72 84 96
Correction Factor - CN 1.48 1.34 1.25 1.17 1.11 1.06 1.02
Corrected Value - NC 24 24 22 20 22 20 20
Average Value - NC(avg) 22
BH 3
Description Unit Symbol Data
Observed SPT Value - NO 18 16 19 15 17 23 25
Soil Unit Weight kN/m3 g 18 18 18 18 18 18 18
Submerged Unit Weight kN/m3 gsub 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
Depth m Df 1.5 3 4.5 6 7.5 9 10.5
Depth to WT m Dw 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Effective Overburden Pressure kN/m2 p 0' 12 24 36 48 60 72 84
Correction Factor - CN 1.71 1.48 1.34 1.25 1.17 1.11 1.06
Corrected Value - NC 31 24 26 19 20 26 27
Average Value - NC(avg) 24
COMPUTATION OF BEARING CAPACITY FROM SETTLEMENT CRITERIA
Borehole No 1
Corrected SPT Value - NC 18
COMPUTATION OF BEARING CAPACITY FROM SETTLEMENT CRITERIA
Bowle's Equation
Net Safe settlement pressure, qnp kN/m2 qnp 144
Allowable safe settlement pressure qnp kN/m2 qnp 144
COMPUTATION OF BEARING CAPACITY FROM SHEAR FAILURE CRITERIA
Foundation Width m B 5
Foundation Depth m Df 2.5
Teng's Equation
Net Safe bearing capacity kN/m2 qns 533.30
Net Safe Bearing capacity 533.30
Adopted Allowable Bearing Capacity kN/m2 qall 144
17
SECTION – IV: RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on the analysis the following recommendations are made.
The Isolated/Combined footing or Raft foundation is suggested for proposed building.
The final selection of foundation depends upon the requirements of client, structural
demands etc.
The bearing capacity of isolated footing are listed below:
Foundation
Depth(Df),m 1.5 2.0 3.0
width (B),m
1.5 132 141 155
2.0 Qall,Kn/m² 167 176 162
3.0 237 217 177
The plate load test is suggested for confirmation of design bearing capacity.
The foundation designer need not follow strictly the depth and dimensions adopted in
the analysis presented in this report. He is free to select any other dimensions for depth
and width depending upon the actual loads and moments to be transmitted to the
foundation soil. At this juncture it is worth mentioning that the allowable bearing
capacity depends on many variables such as allowable settlement, type of foundation,
size and depth of foundation, importance of structure, cost of project etc. Therefore, on
the basis of soil index properties data and engineering properties data provided in this
report, the foundation designer is free to refine the calculations wherever he feels
necessary.
18
SECTION – V: REFERENCES
a. Simons, N. E. and Menzies, B. K. (1977), “A short course in Foundation
Engineering”, Newons and Butterworths, London
f. Noyak, N. V. (1982), “Foundation Design Manual ", Dhanpati Rai & Sons. Delhi.
19
BORE HOLE LOG (As Per Specifications)
Project: Soil Investigation Work of Hospital Building at Temkemaiyung Rural Muncipality,
Annapurna,Bhojpur
3.00 4 8 10 18
SPT
4.50 3 7 9 16
3.00 Light Brown Silty Sand
6.00 6 8 11 19
7.50 7 11 13 31
9.00 9 11 14 34
6.00 DCPT Sandy Gravel and Boulder
10.50 11 15 20 46
13.50 5 9 10 19
3.00 SPT Light Brown Silty Sand
15.00 4 7 9 16
Mass and soil Lab Pvt Ltd
Imadole, Lalitpur
Test Result Summary Sheet
Detailed Soil Investigation of Temke Majur Gapa 7, Bhojpur
Percentage of Direct shear test
Natural
Depth of Specific
Fines (Silt Moisture
Test Pit Test Gravel Sand Gravity C φ
& Clay) Content
sample, m
% % % % (G) KN/m2 Degree
1.50 2.67 42.31 55.02 32.44 2.69
3.00 1.63 31.99 66.38 33.47 2.68 11.11 18.19
4.50 100.00 0.00 0.00 1.87 - -
6.00 0.35 98.11 1.54 20.75
7.50 100.00 0.00 0.00 2.55 2.65 0.00 31.27
BH-01
9.00 0.38 97.70 1.93 24.68 -
10.50 0.00 96.88 3.12 25.26 2.65 0.00 26.00
12.00 0.00 98.15 1.85 25.70
13.50 100.00 0.00 0.00 5.09
15.00 100.00 0.00 0.00 3.45
1.50 2.23 42.84 54.92 24.75
3.00 1.60 44.08 54.32 5.13 2.67 0.83 26.71
4.50 0.00 96.40 3.60 25.23 - -
6.00 0.00 98.16 1.84 50.67
7.50 0.00 97.74 2.26 24.52 - -
BH-02
9.00 0.30 98.09 1.61 15.73 -
10.50 0.00 67.48 32.52 29.10 2.65 0.00 28.00
12.00 0.00 98.23 1.77 19.93
13.50 0.00 98.24 1.76 26.76
15.00 0.00 98.52 1.48 71.67 2.66
1.50 4.19 92.07 3.73 15.15
3.00 0.00 98.26 1.74 23.91 2.70 0.83 26.71
4.50 0.65 96.94 2.41 26.19 - -
6.00 0.00 94.56 5.44 30.27
7.50 99.83 0.00 0.17 2.41 - -
BH-03
9.00 99.48 0.00 0.52 1.83 -
10.50 100.00 0.00 0.00 2.63 2.66 0.00 30.00
12.00 100.00 0.00 0.00 1.78
13.50 1.54 97.12 1.34 25.36 2.67
15.00 2.47 95.71 1.82 24.47
Mass and Soil Lab Pvt Ltd
Imadole, Lalitpur
Detailed Soil Investigation of Temke Majur Gapa 7, Bhojpur
Initial Weight 212.44
Bore hole 1
Wt. of Sample before wash 100
212.44
(gms):
90
Wt. of Sample after wash
95.56
Percentage Finer
(gms):
80
Depth (m): 1.5
Wt. of Cumulative Cumulative 70
Seive Size Percent
Retained soil weight percentage
(mm) pasing %
(gm) Retained (gm) retined % 60
Percentage Finer
(gms):
80
Depth (m): 4.5
Wt. of Cumulative Cumulative 70
Seive Size Percent
Retained soil weight percentage
(mm) pasing %
(gm) Retained (gm) retined % 60
(gms):
80
Depth (m): 6
Wt. of Cumulative Cumulative 70
Seive Size Percent
Retained soil weight percentage
(mm) pasing %
(gm) Retained (gm) retined % 60
% Finer
Percentage Finer
(gms):
80
Depth (m): 7.5
Wt. of Cumulative Cumulative 70
Seive Size Percent
Retained soil weight percentage
(mm) pasing %
(gm) Retained (gm) retined % 60
(gms):
80
Depth (m): 9
Wt. of Cumulative Cumulative 70
Seive Size Percent
Retained soil weight percentage
(mm) pasing %
(gm) Retained (gm) retined % 60
% Finer
Finer
Wt. of Sample after wash 80
273.48
Finer
(gms):
80
Percentage
Depth (m): 10.5 70
Percentage
Wt. of Cumulative Cumulative 70
Seive Size Percent 60
Retained soil weight percentage
(mm) pasing %
(gm) Retained (gm) retined % 60
50
25 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
100.00 50
19 0.00 0.00 0.00
12.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 40
10 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 40
6.3 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 30
4.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 30
2.36 3.59 3.59 1.27 98.73 20
2 3.80 7.39 2.62 97.38 20
1.18 17.58 24.97 8.85 91.15
10
1 8.23 33.20 11.76 88.24
10
0.85 5.24 38.44 13.62 86.38
0.6 23.64 62.08 21.99 78.01 0
0.425 40.98 103.06 36.51 63.49 00.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100
0.3 37.69 140.75 49.86 50.14 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100
0.25 7.17 147.92 52.40 47.60
0.15 111.65 259.57 91.95 8.05 Particle Size, mm
0.075 13.91 273.48 96.88 3.12 Particle Size, mm
Pan 8.80 282.28 100.00 0.00
282.28
248.24 80
(gms): 80
Depth (m): 12 70
Wt. of Cumulative Cumulative 70
Seive Size Percent
Retained soil weight percentage 60
(mm) pasing % 60
(gm) Retained (gm) retined %
% Finer
Finer
Wt. of Sample after wash 80
393.44
Finer
(gms):
80
Percentage
Depth (m): 13.5 70
Percentage
Wt. of Cumulative Cumulative 70
Seive Size Percent 60
Retained soil weight percentage
(mm) pasing %
(gm) Retained (gm) retined % 60
50
37.5 322.32 322.32 81.92 18.08
4.30 50
25 54.20 376.52 95.70
19 16.92 393.44 100.00 0.00 40
10 0.00 393.44 100.00 0.00 40
6.3 0.00 393.44 100.00 0.00 30
4.75 0.00 393.44 100.00 0.00 30
2.36 0.00 393.44 100.00 0.00 20
2 0.00 393.44 100.00 0.00 20
1.18 0.00 393.44 100.00 0.00
10
1 0.00 393.44 100.00 0.00
10
0.85 0.00 393.44 100.00 0.00
0.6 0.00 393.44 100.00 0.00 0
0.425 0.00 393.44 100.00 0.00 00.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100
0.3 0.00 393.44 100.00 0.00 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100
0.25 0.00 393.44 100.00 0.00
0.15 0.00 393.44 100.00 0.00 Particle Size, mm
0.075 0.00 393.44 100.00 0.00 Particle Size, mm
Pan 0.00 393.44 100.00 0.00
393.44
162.83 80
(gms): 80
Depth (m): 15 70
Wt. of Cumulative Cumulative 70
Seive Size Percent
Retained soil weight percentage 60
(mm) pasing % 60
(gm) Retained (gm) retined %
% Finer
Percentage Finer
80
Depth (m): 1.5
Wt. of Cumulative Cumulative 70
Seive Size Percent
Retained soil weight percentage
(mm) pasing %
(gm) Retained (gm) retined % 60
Percentage Finer
80
Depth (m): 4.5
Wt. of Cumulative Cumulative 70
Seive Size Percent
Retained soil weight percentage
(mm) pasing %
(gm) Retained (gm) retined % 60
Percentage Finer
80
Depth (m): 7.5
Wt. of Cumulative Cumulative 70
Seive Size Percent
Retained soil weight percentage
(mm) pasing %
(gm) Retained (gm) retined % 60
Percentage Finer
80
Depth (m): 10.5
Wt. of Cumulative Cumulative 70
Seive Size Percent
Retained soil weight percentage
(mm) pasing %
(gm) Retained (gm) retined % 60
Percentage Finer
80
Depth (m): 13.5
Wt. of Cumulative Cumulative 70
Seive Size Percent
Retained soil weight percentage
(mm) pasing %
(gm) Retained (gm) retined % 60
Percentage Finer
80
Depth (m): 1.5
Wt. of Cumulative Cumulative 70
Seive Size Percent
Retained soil weight percentage
(mm) pasing %
(gm) Retained (gm) retined % 60
Percentage Finer
80
Depth (m): 4.5
Wt. of Cumulative Cumulative 70
Seive Size Percent
Retained soil weight percentage
(mm) pasing %
(gm) Retained (gm) retined % 60
Percentage Finer
80
Depth (m): 7.5
Wt. of Cumulative Cumulative 70
Seive Size Percent
Retained soil weight percentage
(mm) pasing %
(gm) Retained (gm) retined % 60
Percentage Finer
80
Depth (m): 10.5
Wt. of Cumulative Cumulative 70
Seive Size Percent
Retained soil weight percentage
(mm) pasing %
(gm) Retained (gm) retined % 60
Percentage Finer
80
Depth (m): 13.5
Wt. of Cumulative Cumulative 70
Seive Size Percent
Retained soil weight percentage
(mm) pasing %
(gm) Retained (gm) retined % 60
195
180
C =11.11KN/m 2
165 f = 18.190
Shear Stress, KN/sq.m
150
135
120
105
90
y = 0.3286x + 11.111
75
60
45
30
15
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240
195
180
C =0.54KN/m 2
165 f = 31.270
Shear Stress, KN/sq.m
150
135
120
105
y = 0.5106x + 2.4167
90
75
60
45
30
15
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240
271.30
Wt. of Mould + sample (gm)
Wt. of mould (gm) 147.00
3
Density (gm/cm ) 1.73
Weight of wet soil (gm) 55.50
Weight of dry soil (gm) 47.50
Wt of water (gm) 8.00
M/C, % : 16.84
Normal Load 50 kN/m² Normal Load 100.0 kN/m² Normal Load 200.0 kN/m²
Horiz. Dial Reading
Load Ring Shear Stress Load Ring Dial Shear Stress Load Ring Dial Reading Shear Stress KN/m²
(x 0.01mm)
Dial Reading KN/m² Reading KN/m²
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
25.00 5.00 2.78 7.50 4.17 22.50 12.50
50.00 9.50 5.28 14.00 7.78 36.00 20.00
100.00 14.00 7.78 19.00 10.56 46.00 25.56
125.00 16.50 9.17 26.00 14.44 54.00 30.00
150.00 19.00 10.56 30.00 16.67 62.00 34.44
175.00 21.00 11.67 34.00 18.89 70.00 38.89
200.00 23.00 12.78 37.50 20.83 77.00 42.78
250.00 24.00 13.33 39.00 21.67 81.50 45.28
300.00 27.50 15.28 44.00 24.44 94.00 52.22
350.00 30.00 16.67 49.00 27.22 106.00 58.89
400.00 33.50 18.61 54.00 30.00 116.00 64.44
450.00 36.50 20.28 57.50 31.94 124.00 68.89
500.00 60.00 33.33 129.00 71.67
550.00 63.00 35.00 133.00 73.89
600.00 65.00 36.11 136.00 75.56
700.00 67.00 37.22 144.50 80.28
800.00 68.00 37.78
900.00 71.50 39.72
1000.00
1100.00
1200.00
195
180
C =0KN/m2
165 f = 260
Shear Stress, KN/sq.m
150
135
120
105
90 y = 0.4008x + 3E-14
75
60
45
30
15
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240
267.30
Wt. of Mould + sample (gm)
Wt. of mould (gm) 147.00
3
Density (gm/cm ) 1.67
Weight of wet soil (gm) 53.60
Weight of dry soil (gm) 42.00
Wt of water (gm) 11.60
M/C, % : 27.62
Normal Load 50 kN/m² Normal Load 100.0 kN/m² Normal Load 200.0 kN/m²
Horiz. Dial Reading
Load Ring Shear Stress Load Ring Dial Shear Stress Load Ring Dial Reading Shear Stress KN/m²
(x 0.01mm)
Dial Reading KN/m² Reading KN/m²
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
25.00 4.50 2.50 7.50 4.17 18.00 10.00
50.00 7.00 3.89 11.00 6.11 33.00 18.33
100.00 24.50 13.61 17.00 9.44 39.00 21.67
125.00 34.50 19.17 21.00 11.67 51.00 28.33
150.00 36.00 20.00 14.00 7.78 61.50 34.17
175.00 38.50 21.39 27.00 15.00 68.00 37.78
200.00 40.50 22.50 45.50 25.28 89.50 49.72
250.00 43.00 23.89 70.00 38.89 110.00 61.11
300.00 45.50 25.28 78.50 43.61 143.50 79.72
350.00 47.00 26.11 80.00 44.44 155.00 86.11
400.00 48.50 26.94 84.50 46.94 165.50 91.94
450.00 49.00 27.22 87.50 48.61 170.00 94.44
500.00 90.00 50.00 178.50 99.17
550.00 95.50 53.06 180.50 100.28
600.00 97.50 54.17 182.50 101.39
700.00 98.50 54.72
800.00
900.00
1000.00
1100.00
1200.00
195
180
C =0 KN/m2
165 f = 27.310
Shear Stress, KN/sq.m
150
135
120
105 y = 0.5164x
90
75
60
45
30
15
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240
271.90
Wt. of Mould + sample (gm)
Wt. of mould (gm) 147.00
3
Density (gm/cm ) 1.73
Weight of wet soil (gm) 45.00
Weight of dry soil (gm) 43.40
Wt of water (gm) 1.60
M/C, % : 3.69
Normal Load 50 kN/m² Normal Load 100.0 kN/m² Normal Load 200.0 kN/m²
Horiz. Dial Reading
Load Ring Shear Stress Load Ring Dial Shear Stress Load Ring Dial Reading Shear Stress KN/m²
(x 0.01mm)
Dial Reading KN/m² Reading KN/m²
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
25.00 5.50 3.06 11.00 6.11 22.30 12.39
50.00 10.00 5.56 17.50 9.72 33.00 18.33
100.00 14.00 7.78 24.00 13.33 42.00 23.33
125.00 17.00 9.44 29.00 16.11 50.50 28.06
150.00 19.50 10.83 33.00 18.33 57.00 31.67
175.00 22.00 12.22 37.00 20.56 64.00 35.56
200.00 24.00 13.33 41.00 22.78 70.00 38.89
250.00 25.50 14.17 44.00 24.44 76.00 42.22
300.00 29.00 16.11 51.00 28.33 89.00 49.44
350.00 31.00 17.22 56.00 31.11 96.50 53.61
400.00 33.00 18.33 59.50 33.06 105.00 58.33
450.00 35.00 19.44 62.00 34.44 112.00 62.22
500.00 40.50 22.50 65.00 36.11 119.00 66.11
550.00 40.00 22.22 78.00 43.33 123.00 68.33
600.00 98.50 54.72 128.00 71.11
700.00 100.00 55.56 132.00 73.33
800.00 109.00 60.56 189.00 105.00
900.00
1000.00
1100.00
1200.00
195
180
C =0 KN/m2
165 f = 300
Shear Stress, KN/sq.m
150
135
120
y = 0.5349x + 0.2778
105
90
75
60
45
30
15
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240