JOB NO. - REV.

ENGINEERING CENTER 00
REFINING DIRECTORATE
DATE: 08.05.2023 SHEET 1 OF 13

GEOTECHNICAL SPECIALIST CONSULTATION

TECHNICAL PROPOSAL

Prepared by

FF AN

REV DATE PAGES DESCRIPTION PREP’D CHK’D APP’D

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Revision History

Revision Revision Person

Change Description
Number Date Responsible
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS ..............................................................................................................3

TABLE OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................................4
LIST OF TABLES........................................................................................................................5
1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................6
1.1 Bakcground .......................................................................................................6
1.2 Purpose and Objectives ....................................................................................6
1.3 Work Locations ..................................................................................................6
1.4 Scope of work ....................................................................................................7
2.0 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY .............................................................................8
2.1 Codes ................................................................................................................8
2.2 Review Of Soil Investigation ..............................................................................8
2.2.1 Location of Soil Test Points ......................................................................8
2.2.2 Type of Soil Testing that has been carried out .........................................9
2.2.3 Soil Stratigraphy........................................................................................9
2.2.4 Determination of Soil Parameters .......................................................... 10
a. Classification of Non-cohesive and Cohesive Soil ..................................... 10
b. Correlation of Undrained Shear Strengt for Cohessive Material ................ 10
c. Correlation of Internal Friqtion Angle for Non-Cohessive Material ............ 11
d. Correlation of Modulus Elasticity ................................................................ 12
2.3 Foundation Analysis ....................................................................................... 13
2.3.1 Load Combination .................................................................................. 13
2.3.2 Determination of Foundation Bearing Capacity (Single Pile) ................ 14
2.3.3 Minimum Safety Factor .......................................................................... 17
2.3.4 Lateral Deformation ............................................................................... 17
2.3.5 Minimum Distance Between Piles ......................................................... 18
2.3.6 Bearing Capacity of Pile Group ............................................................. 18
2.3.7 Settlement .............................................................................................. 18
2.4 Pile Instalation Method ................................................................................... 20
2.4.1 Pile Driving Method ................................................................................ 20
3.0 REPORT OUTPUT ...................................................................................................... 21
3.1 Final Report .................................................................................................... 21
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TABLE OF FIGURES

Figure 1.1 Location of PT. Trans Pacific Petrochemical Indotama ........................ 7

Figure 1.2 Scope of Work Layout ......................................................................... 7
Figure 2.1 Penentuan kedalaman penyelidikan tanah untuk bangunan yang
menggunakan fondasi tiang .................................................................... 8
Figure 2.2 Stratigrafi Tanah .................................................................................. 9
Figure 2.3 Graphic Correlation between Cohesion and N-SPT (Terzaghi,1943) . 11
Figure 2.4 Graphic Correlation between friqtion angle and N-SPT for sand........ 11
Figure 2.5 Graphic Modulus Elastisitas, Overconsolidated ratio, Plasticity Index
and Undrained shear Strength (Duncan and Buchignani, 1976) ............ 12
Figure 2.6 Example of Upper Structure Joint reaction ........................................ 14
Figure 2.7 Example of shear stress capacity base on allowable lateral deformation
at pile head ........................................................................................... 17
Figure 2.8 Example of Pile Group Model ............................................................ 18
Figure 2.9 Example of settlement analysis of pile foundation ............................. 19
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 Classification of Non-cohesive and Cohesive Soil Based on SPT Value
(Bowles, 1984) ...................................................................................... 10
Table 2 Modulus values (Industrial Floors and pavement Guidelines, 1999) ...... 12
Table 3 Drained Elastic Modulus of sand (Burt Look, 2007) ............................... 13
Table 4 example of calculating the bearing capacity of a single pile using the
rational method ..................................................................................... 15
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1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Bakcground

As the need for geotechnical specialist consultation from PT Kilang Pertamina

International to build petrochemical complex to fulfil the high demand of
petrochemical product in Indonesia. PT. KILANG PERTAMINA
INTERNASIONAL Petrochemicals Complex will be constructed in Tuban, East
Java and integrated with TPPI Aromatic Complex. PT LAPI ITB will carry out
geotechnical analysis in terms of supporting the development of the
perchemical complex that consist of Olefin Plant, Polyethylene Plant and
Polypropylene Plant and include Utility and Offsite facilities.

1.2 Purpose and Objectives

PT LAPI ITB as a planning consultant, proposed the services of a planning

consultant for the work. The purpose of this technical proposal is to provide an
explanation and description of analysis work to be carried out by PT LAPI ITB
related to geotechnical analysis which aims to produce foundation designs for
certain buildings which are facilities and infrastructure of the petrochemical
complex.

1.3 Work Locations

Location of project is in plant area of PT. Trans Pacific Petrochemical Indotama

(TPPI), Jl Tanjung Awar-awar, Remen-Tasikharjo Village, Jenu Sub-District,
Districts of Tuban, East Java Province, Indonesia. It is approximately 130 km
from Surabaya, East Java. The location is shown in Figure 1.1
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Figure 1.1 Location of PT. Trans Pacific Petrochemical Indotama

1.4 Scope of work

The scope of work includes:

1. Review Soil Investigation
2. Foundation analysis for SWI Pipeline around 1.4km
3. Foundation analysis for SWI Intake Head
4. Foundation analysis for SWI Pit
5. Pile installation method for Jetty Piling (one location)

Figure 1.2 Scope of Work Layout

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2.0 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY

2.1 Codes

Standard yang digunakan dalam desain aspek geoteknik adalah sebagai

berikut :
1. SNI 8460 : 2017 Persyaratan Perancangan Geoteknik
2. SNI 1727:2020 Beban desain minimum dan kriteria terkait untuk bangunan
Gedung dan struktur lain
3. SNI 1726:2019 Tata cara perencanaan ketahanan gempa untuk struktur
bangunan
4. SNI 2847:2019 Persyaratan beton struktural untuk bangunan gedung

2.2 Review Of Soil Investigation

2.2.1 Location of Soil Test Points

Review terhadap titik-titik penyelidikan tanah terdekat dengan rencana struktur

yang akan di bangun menjadi salah satu faktor terpenting untuk mendapatkan
data yang paling relevan. Di dalam stanard telah diatur mengenai kebutuhan
jumlah minimum (Tabel 2 SNI 8460 2017) serta kedalaman minimum (Gambar
1 SNI 8460 2917) penyelidikan tanah yang disesuai terhadap struktur yang akan
di bangun. Contoh untuk penentuan kedalaman titik penyelidikan tanah pada
fondasi dalam sebagai berikut :

Figure 2.1 Penentuan kedalaman penyelidikan tanah untuk bangunan yang

menggunakan fondasi tiang
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2.2.2 Type of Soil Testing that has been carried out

Review terhadap jenis penyelidikan tanah sesuai dengan rencana struktur yang
akan di bangun menjadi bertujuan untuk mendapatkan parameter yang sesuai
contohnya dalam penentuan daya dukung fondasi dalam maka dibutuhkan nilai
shear strength tanah per kedalaman hingga mencapai ujung tiang rencana. nilai
shear strength tersebut dapat diperoleh secara langsung maupun
menggunakan korelasi sesuai jenis tes yang telah dilakukan.

2.2.3 Soil Stratigraphy

Statigrafi tanah didapatkan dari hasil interpretasi antara satu titik penyelidikan
tanah dengan titik lainnya. Stratigrafi tanah ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis
lapisan tanah pada suatu kawasan yang diatasnya akan berdiri struktur.
Sehingga secara geoteknik dapat diperkirakan variasi ketebalan lapisan pada
masing-masing area serta dapat membantu dalam menentukan jenis dan
kedalaman fondasi yang dibutuhkan. Contoh stratigrafi tanah sebagai berikut :

Figure 2.2 Stratigrafi Tanah

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2.2.4 Determination of Soil Parameters

Parameter determination can be taken from the results of laboratory tests as

well as field and laboratory data corrections.

a. Classification of Non-cohesive and Cohesive Soil

The scope of this chapter is limited to correlation with soil classification tests,
index properties, and Standard Penetration N-values. It must be emphasized
that prediction based on correlation can never be substituted for proper
testing. In general, all correlations must be considered ap-proximate since
various factors such as sensitivity, stress history can significantly influence
soil properties. Some references for the classification of soil types and de-
termination of soil shear strength can be seen in the tables and figures below.

Table 1 Classification of Non-cohesive and Cohesive Soil Based on SPT

Value (Bowles, 1984)
Cohesionless Soil
N 0 - 10 11 - 30 31 - 50 > 50
Unit weight, γ kN/m3 12 - 16 14 - 18 16 - 20 18 - 23
Angle of friction 25 - 32 28 - 36 30 - 40 > 35
State Loose Medium Dense Very dense
Relative density, Dr see Eq (6-3) and Eq.(6-4) since depends on p0 = γ y
Cohesive Soil
N <4 4-6 6 - 15 16 - 25 > 25
Unit weight, γ kN/m3 14 - 18 16 - 18 16 - 18 16 - 20 > 20
qu, kPa < 25 20 - 50 30 - 60 40 - 200 > 100
Consictency Very soft soft Medium Stiff Hard

b. Correlation of Undrained Shear Strengt for Cohessive Material

The undrained shear strength (Cu) value with depth is determined based on
the Triaxial Test or Unconfined Test results or the correlation value between
the SPT and Cu values shown in the figure below. The value of undrained
shear strength (Cu) for clay soil is calculated using the following equation:
𝐶𝑢 (𝑘𝑃𝑎) = (6 − 6.7) × 𝑁𝑆𝑃𝑇
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Figure 2.3 Graphic Correlation between Cohesion and N-SPT (Terzaghi,1943)

c. Correlation of Internal Friqtion Angle for Non-Cohessive Material

Soil friction angle is a soil parameter needed for geotechnical analysis on

granular or sandy soils. An equation that can be used to determine the friction
shear angle (∅) with the correlation of the N-SPT value is as follows
(Dunham, 1954):
∅ = √12 𝑁 + 15 °

Figure 2.4 Graphic Correlation between friqtion angle and N-SPT for sand
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d. Correlation of Modulus Elasticity

The undrained elastic modulus parameter in clay can be taken based on the
correlation of undrained shear strength, overconsolidated ratio and plasticity
index as shown in Fig. Error! Reference source not found.. Drained elastic m
odulus = 2/3 (1+ν’) Eu (Duncan and Buchignani, 1976).

Figure 2.5 Graphic Modulus Elastisitas, Overconsolidated ratio, Plasticity

Index and Undrained shear Strength (Duncan and Buchignani, 1976)

the correlation issued by industrial floor dans and pavement guidelines 1999, the elastic
modulus for sand is E/N-SPT = 3.5 and based on consistency, the elastic modulus
value for sand (Burt Look, 2007) is as follows:

Table 2 Modulus values (Industrial Floors and pavement Guidelines, 1999)

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Table 3 Drained Elastic Modulus of sand (Burt Look, 2007)

2.3 Foundation Analysis

2.3.1 Load Combination

The maximum load acting on the foundation will be the sum of the dead loads,
live loads, wind loads and seismic loads as well as imposed loads caused by
buoyancy forces and soil pressure. The loading combination used is the
allowable stress design method load combination.
• The service load combination refers to SNI 1727: 2020. The foundation
capacity used is the ultimate/allowable safatey factor of 2.5

1. 𝐷
2. 𝐷 + 𝐿
3. 𝐷 + (𝐿𝑓 𝑜𝑟 𝑆 𝑜𝑟 𝑅)
4. 𝐷 + 0.75𝐿 + 0.75(𝐿𝑓 𝑜𝑟 𝑆 𝑜𝑟 𝑅)
• Load combination for nominal/planned earthquake conditions refers to SNI
1727:2020 and SNI 1726:2019. For this condition the bearing capacity of
the foundation can be increased 1.3 times the allowable bearing in service
conditions.

1. 𝐷 + (0.6𝑊 𝑜𝑟 0.7𝐸)
2. 𝐷 + 0.75𝐿 + 0.75(0.6𝑊) + 0.75(𝐿𝑓 𝑜𝑟 𝑆 𝑜𝑟 𝑅)
3. 𝐷 + 0.75𝐿 + 0.75(0.7𝐸) + 0.75𝑆
4. 0.6𝐷 + 0.6𝑊
5. 0.6𝐷 + 0.7𝐸
6. (1.0 + 0.14𝑆𝐷𝑆 )𝐷 + 𝐻 + 𝐹 + 0.7𝜌𝑄𝐸
7. (1.0 + 0.10𝑆𝐷𝑆 )𝐷 + 𝐻 + 𝐹 + 0.525𝜌𝑄𝐸 + 0.75𝐿 + 0.75 (𝐿𝑟 𝑜𝑟 𝑅)
8. (0.6 + 0.14𝑆𝐷𝑆 )𝐷 + 0.7𝜌𝑄𝐸 + 𝐻
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• Load combination for earthquake conditions with over strength factor in

reference to SNI 1726:2019. For this condition the bearing capacity of the
foundation can be increased 1.56 times the allowable beraring capacity in
service conditions.

1. (1.0 + 0.14𝑆𝐷𝑆 )𝐷 + 𝐻 + 𝐹 + 0.7𝛺0 𝑄𝐸

2. (1.0 + 0.10𝑆𝐷𝑆 )𝐷 + 𝐻 + 𝐹 + 0.525𝛺0 𝑄𝐸 + 0.75𝐿 + 0.75 (𝐿𝑟 𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑢 𝑅)
3. (0.6 + 0.14𝑆𝐷𝑆 )𝐷 + 0.7𝛺0 𝑄𝐸 + 𝐻

The load exerted by the upper structure is usually in the form of joints reaction.
The following is an example of superstructure joint reaction used to load the
foundation.

Figure 2.6 Example of Upper Structure Joint reaction

2.3.2 Determination of Foundation Bearing Capacity (Single Pile)

Based on SNI 8460: 2017 the allowable capacity for pile foundations is taken
the smallest of the ultimate capacity of the soil with a sufficient factor of safety
against the possibility of collapse, or a value that gives foundation deformation
due to loads acting within the limits permitted by the building, or surrounding
buildings. In order to obtain the allowable bearing capacity of the foundation
can be taken based on two methods, namely:
1. The rational method used to calculate the ultimate capacity of the
foundation must be based on soil data obtained from field and laboratory
investigations at the work site using standard analytical methods (eg
Terzaghi, Meyerhoff, Hansen, Vesic, Reese) which takes into account the
condition of the seam existing soil as well as the geometry of the
foundation or standard (proven) empirical methods.
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The following is an example of calculating the bearing capacity of a pile using

the rational method :

Table 4 example of calculating the bearing capacity of a single pile using the
rational method
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2. Loading Test Method, the allowable bearing capacity of the foundation

can also be obtained from the results of the foundation loading test at the
location
The following is an example of calculating the bearing capacity of a pile
using loading test data :
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2.3.3 Minimum Safety Factor

The minimum safety factor of deep foundations is divided into 3 loading

conditions:
1. Minimum safety factor in service conditions, = 2.5 according to SNI 8460:
2017.
2. Minimum safety factor in nominal earthquake conditions, the = 1.9 or the
allowable bearing capacity can be increased 1.3 times the allowable
bearing capacity under service conditions according to SNI 1726: 2019.
3. Minimum foundation safety factor in strong earthquake conditions = 1.6 or
allowable bearing capacity can be increased 1.56 times the allowable
bearing capacity under service conditions according to SNI 1726: 2019.

2.3.4 Lateral Deformation

Based on SNI 8460:2017, the estimated lateral capacity of the pile is in

accordance with the magnitude of the allowable lateral deformation of the pile
head. The allowable lateral deformation of the pile is 12 mm for a design
earthquake and 25 mm for a strong earthquake under single pile and free-head
conditions.

Figure 2.7 Example of shear stress capacity base on allowable lateral

deformation at pile head
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2.3.5 Minimum Distance Between Piles

Based on SNI 8460: 2017, for pile foundations the distance between the center
to center of pile cannot be less than the circumference of the pile or for circular
piles it cannot be less than 2.5 times the diameter of the pile.

2.3.6 Bearing Capacity of Pile Group

Based on SNI 8460:2017, the bearing capacity of a group of piles is obtained

from the total bearing capacity of a single pile multiplied by the number of piles
and multiplied by a group reduction factor calculated by a standardized method
(eg Block Failure, efficiency factor from Converse Labara). The group reduction
factor generally need not be applied if the axle to axle distance is more than 8
times the pile diameter, or the capacity of the pile is determined by the pile end
resistance.

Figure 2.8 Example of Pile Group Model

2.3.7 Settlement

The amount of total settlement and allowable differential settlement is

determined based on the tolerances of the superstructure and surrounding
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buildings which must be reviewed on an individual case basis with reference to

the integrity, stability and function of the structure above.
Allowable settlement < 15 cm + b/600 (b in cm) for tall buildings and it can be
proven that the superstructure is still safe. Differences in settlement (differential
settlement) that are expected to occur must be determined carefully and
conservatively, and their effects on the tall buildings above them must be
checked to ensure that the differences in settlement still meet the strength and
serviceability criteria of L/300.
The following is an example of settlement analysis on a pile foundation :

Figure 2.9 Example of settlement analysis of pile foundation

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2.4 Pile Instalation Method

2.4.1 Pile Driving Method

1. Several stages of the piling implementation work, including:

a. Preparation
b. Measurement and Determination of Piling Points
c. Pile Perpendicular Control
d. Piling
e. Pile Connection
f. Retrieval of Calendaring Data
g. Perform a Pile Driving Analyzer Test
2. Pile bearing capacity can be evaluated from calendering data collection and
Pile Driving Analyzer Test
3. The PDA test is carried out a few days after driving (it stabilizes the soil after
driving)

Figure 2.9 Example of PDA test result

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3.0 REPORT OUTPUT

3.1 Final Report

The Final Report contains the results of calculations, analysis and recommendations to
support the Petrochemicals infrastructures facility. The results of the report will contain
the following:
1. Review Soil Investigation report
2. Foundation analysis report for SWI Pipeline around 1.4km
3. Foundation analysis report for SWI Intake Head
4. Foundation analysis report for SWI Pit
5. Pile installation method for Jetty Piling (one location)