FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY

Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts

Nicanor Reyes St. Sampaloc Manila

Public Housing in Rizal: Overcoming the sub-standard

housing with more desirable-sustainable
houses and positive space

In partial fulfillment of the requirements

RESMEAR: Research Method for Architecture

Researcher:
Ma. Andrea D. Arao
Section 4

Adviser
Ar. Verna Lucia Sarraga

Consultant
Ar. Verna Lucia Sarraga

Date: September 2022

 TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION
Background of the Problem and Statement of the Problem …………
Definition of the Problem ………………………………………………….
Research Focus ……………………………………………………………
Goals & Objectives …………………………………………………………
Scope and Limitations ……………………………………………………...
Significance of the Study …………………………………………………..
Definition of Terms ………………………………………………………….

CHAPTER 2 – CASE STUDY AND REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Case Study & Review of Related Literature ……………………………...
CHAPTER 2: Literature Review

2.1. Tiny Houses Built with Recycled Materials

The essence of the idea is embodied by small dwellings in this book, which feature profiles
of tiny houses of diverse colors, dimensions, and designs. These houses are constructed with the
intention of minimizing area and belongings in order to concentrate on what matters most in life.
A tiny house's main selling point is neither its size nor its ability to save space, it is not a specific
style or design technique. Instead, a tiny house is a building that gives you anything you want in
the best efficient and economical way to lead your best quality of life. Additionally, A 1,000 square
foot tiny house for a small family is possible. A 150-square-foot home can be adequate for one
person, whereas another individual might like 300 square feet. But these are very small homes.
Since many individuals do not have sufficient money to construct a house, thus using recycled
material is the only possible method to create a house.

Designers of tiny houses emphasize a home's social and architectural components. People
have found such focus on connections and minor details to be quite intriguing. Individuals find it
refreshing to observe good design because modern home designs typically overlook these
factors. Additionally, reclaimed materials have been used in housing for a while, but recently they
have become more popular as people seek out distinctive methods to design and construct their
spaces. An effective technique to construct and make the most of what you currently have is to
recycle materials. Saved manpower by grinding boards when hardware stores weren't on every
corner selling low-cost lumber.

Reclaimed materials are cost-effective because they allow people to save money. There are
also opportunities to recover lumber from old structures and anything from people who no longer
require the resources. Additionally, it is an eco-friendly approach because it uses salvaged wood
rather than new wood, upcycles resources, and diverts them from waste streams. But, using
reclaimed materials has pros and cons.
2.2. Sustainable Housing and Building Materials for Low-Income Households

This article looks for sustainable residential solutions and their future implementations for
low-income families in light of the significant and continuing urban growth taking place in the
nations of the Developing World as well as the expanding number of poor families living in
inadequate housing. Self-help progressive housing and institutional housing can be distinguished
from one another. Institutions homes is typically defined as "social or public housing" established
by government businesses, property developers, and other private entities. Customers are
offered housing, which is arranged "top-down" and available to tenants or investors. Self-help
housing, in comparison, is usually structured in a "lowest part" way and can be established with
assistance from the authorities or non-profit organizations. Self-help or self-managed housing,
which millions of individuals used to build their homes nationally and internationally, can indeed
result in informal settlements.

Providing homes with adequate ventilation, insulation, and reverse sun orientation in
tropical regions using back the insulation and passive solar energy in a north direction. Buildings
should be oriented to reduce heat waves in tropical areas. Enabling subsequent installation of
solar catchers and screens on roofs. Developing pathways bordered by trees to minimize the
temperature of the surrounding area. Creating community playgrounds, walking pathways, and
parks for communal recreation.

Typically, traditional construction materials like cement, iron, and concrete really aren't
made in a sustainable manner. The manufacture and delivery of these commodities result in
comparatively high emissions of greenhouse gases amounts. There are additional construction
materials that are employed and locally produced that don't generate a lot of Carbon dioxide.
Additionally, adobe and earthen blocks, bamboo, and wood are examples of sustainable building
materials. These materials allow for the creation of a house that is both sustainable and affordable
for urban poor people using innovative technologies based on conventional construction
techniques.
2.3. Local construction materials for affordable housing

Reducing material waste is necessary for the building of low-efficiency homes. Using
materials that begin with smaller pieces, like masonry blocks, and repeated on a wider scale of
the entire residence is essential for minimizing waste. Locally available building materials have a
significantly minimal impact on the environment than materials like stones, cement, and steel,
mostly due to their lesser life consumption.

Locally available resources are one of the effective ways of purchasing houses because
they allow the following components: the utilization of natural materials, reusable resources, and
efficient and environmentally construction materials used, utilizing locally sourced materials and
reducing distribution of resources, and alternative approaches can be applied to minimize costs
and provide inexpensive, adequate housing.

Alternative materials used in residential are Bamboo, Fly ash bricks, Recycled Materials, Straw
Bales, Cob, Rammed Earth, Earth Bags, and Autoclaved aerated concrete.
2.4. Eco materials in Social Housing

The central manufacturing of construction supplies at sizable, controlled factories run by

the Ministry of Building projects served as the foundation for Cuba's system of housing policy.
Prefabricated construction materials were manufactured and delivered by rail or highway to
places remote from industrial cities; this electricity method depended on the availability of cheap
gasoline. The system was drastically affected by the fall of the Soviet Union and the communist
governments of East Europe: power was limited, highways worsened from lack of upkeep, the
fleet of automobiles grew outmoded, and the availability of replacement parts was jeopardized.
This had a significant influence on the building products business because it was no able to
provide a consistent supply of construction products, particularly in places remote from industrial
cities. The populace lacked the resources to rebuild or keep their dwellings in excellent repair,
which resulted in a drop in residential development and a decrease in the quality of the existing
properties owing to a lack of upkeep.

The goal of the project is to create a platform for the local manufacturing of "eco-
materials"—building products with minimal energy inputs, frequently generated from recycled
garbage. This would include bamboo construction, lime-pozzolana cement, pre-cast concrete
block blocks with Cement concrete partially replaced, micro-concrete roofing tiles, and moderate-
fired clay bricks utilizing bio-waste as fuels. The technologies created by CIDEM are aimed at
limited production and are appropriate for both urban and rural places, with just an emphasis on
improving the regional economy by providing new job possibilities.

A collection of acceptable techniques for the production of construction materials at the

local level have been produced through an inventive method of technology advancement and
transfer. A large-scale decentralized programmed for production of building materials at municipal
level, which contributes to providing affordable and accessible building materials in a sustainable
manner, particularly in areas where hurricanes have caused serious damage and a quick post-
disaster response is required.

The ability to produce building materials locally while being independent from outside
sources requires a strong, effective infrastructure. Local governments must explore ways to
support the social and economic sustainability of recently founded industrial companies, and the
populace should take an active role in sustainable and energy - efficient restoration programs.
2.5. Comparative study of sustainable materials for replacement of steel reinforcement in
construction

Over the past few years, modern construction methods have had a severe impact on
humans and the environment's overall quality. Although the current building meets all of our
demands for pleasure and efficiency, these techniques are harmful to the environment and
population health. Furthermore, according to another Kleiwerks study, construction materials
such as cement, aluminum, and metal are completely liable for enormous amounts of carbon
(Carbon dioxide) emissions. Relatively, it was also discovered that the manufacturing sector,
whose waste and dangerous pollutants are at an all-time high due to the building industry's
increasing use of metal, is the main culprit. This is because it is predicted that the demand for
metals and the manufacturing base would increase greatly in the years ahead.

Also, the study also demonstrates that present methods for lowering emissions from the
construction sector are utterly worthless and sometimes even contribute to substantial rates of
pollution from greenhouse gases. Given that 50% of all natural resources are used in construction,
it is important to carefully consider this statistic. Additionally, the construction sector itself
consumes 1/6th of the world's surface water, 1/4 of its timber, and 1/4 of its sewage.

Approaches for social evolution have been adversely impacted by the ongoing use of
building materials including concrete, steel, plastic, and aluminum, which pose serious
environmental and economic risks. The real estate industry, including designers, builders, and
engineers, has long struggled with the concerns of sustainability and environmentally friendly
design of the building. The aim of the present study is to objectively examine the ecological effects
of the exploitation, production, usage, and waste of timber production, metal, aluminum, and
concrete in order to determine the relationship among structural concrete as they are utilized as
complements or replacements to one another. By doing so, we may contribute to the federal and
international aims and purposes of high efficiency and environmentally friendly growth.
2.6. A study on materials used for low cost housing construction in India

Shelter is one of the fundamental necessities for human living. In India, there are much
too few homes to accommodate the large population. Construction work typically is more costly.
Therefore, it is extremely difficult to construct homes for low-income households. For those in
lower- and middle-class households, building one's own home remains an ambition. The idea of
low-cost housing is proposed to help with this. Low-Cost Homes is a novel idea that emphasizes
efficient planning and the use of methods that reduced project costs by utilizing locally accessible
materials and advancing technology and knowledge without compromising the durability,
efficiency, and longevity of the building.

Utilizing natural resources to lessen waste from companies and environmental damage
presents us with a dilemma. Additionally, employing this sophisticated equipment will speed up
building while lowering carbon dioxide emissions, speeding up the process, and saving money.
Low-cost construction materials that are easily accessible are examined in this study, as well as
their potential for usage as substitute construction materials.
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